VIETNAM MARITIME ADMINISTRATON

MARITIME COLLEGE No. 1

ENGLISH FOR ACCOUNTING

COLLEGE LEVEL
VOLUME 2
(Issued in accordance with the decision No. ... QD / dated on ...... /........ /....
/2017 by the rector of Maritime College No. 1)

2017
 COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, stored in
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including
photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods,
without the prior written permission from the publisher, except in the case
of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other
noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would first like to acknowledge the help of all our colleagues from the
English Faculty, and especially the lecturers of Economics and Accounting
Department for their enthusiastically collaboration and valuable contribution.
They supported us greatly and were always willing to assist us.

We wish to present our special thanks to the Board of rector,

International Co-operation and Science Technology Department for their
positive comments and suggestion to the completing of this textbook.

Our thankful words and comments are sent to our loved ones for their
encouragement and assistance during the process of designing this material.

We beg forgiveness of all those who have been with us over the course
of the years and whose names we have failed to mention.

Last but not least, we would like to thank for all who will send us any
further comments or suggestion to improve this material because the
shortcomings are inevitable during the process of producing the material.

Any comments or suggestion, please send to the following e-mails:

1. [email protected]

2. [email protected]

Authors: Tran Thi Thanh Nga M.A

Nguyen Thi My P.G

2
 INTRODUCTION

The textbook "English for Accounting" is a learning resource for

students specializing in Economy and Accounting Department. The textbook
consists of 5 units with the following structure:
1. Text
2. Grammar
3. Skills
4. Practice
5. Assessment

The textbook provides students with basic vocabulary and applied

terminology for accounting and economy department. The textbook also
provides advanced English grammar which is usually applied in the
accounting and econmics field of this textbook mentioned.

While compiling, editors have also used some materials

published locally, abroad and through web-sites.

3
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents Pages
No.
1 Acknowledgements
2 Introduction
3 Table of contents
4 List of abbreviations
5 List of tables
6 Contents
Unit 1: Accounting
1. Vocabulary: Relating to accounting
2. Language focus: Past and future passive voice
2.1 Past passive voice
2.2 Future passive voice
3. Skills
3.1. Reading: Accounting
3.2. Writing:
3.3. Speaking:
4. Practice: Further exercises
5. Assessment
5.1. Evaluation sheet
5.2. Assessment methods
Unit 2: Income statement
1. Vocabulary: Relating to income statement
2. Language focus: Conditionals
3. Skills
3.1. Reading: Income statement
4
3.2. Writing: Understanding the income statement
3.3. Speaking : Comparison about the income statement between
2 years ( 2012-2013)
4. Practice: Further exercises
5. Assessment
5.1. Evaluation sheet
5.2. Assessment methods
Unit 3: Management accounting
1. Vocabulary: Relating to management accounting
2. Language focus
2.1. Relative clauses
2.2 Word formation 1
3. Skills
3.1. Reading: Statement of cash flows
3.2. Listening: In the meeting about management accounting
3.3. Speaking:
4. Practice: Further exercises
5. Assessment
5.1. Evaluation sheet
5.2. Assessment methods
Unit 4: Investment
1. Vocabulary: Relating to investment
2. Language focus
2.1. Gerund
2.2. Word formation 2
3. Skills
3.1. Reading: an email
3.2. Listening and listing the factors each speaker
5
3.3 Speaking: Here are some useful phrases for giving
presentation. Match the parts so that they make sense
4. Practice: Further exercises
5. Assessment
5.1. Evaluation sheet
5.2. Assessment methods
Test your self
Reference
Appendices
Appendix 1. Accounting systems
Appendix 2. Common basic accounting terms, acronyms and
abbreviations

Appendix 3. Word list

Appendix 4. Answer keys
Appendix 5. Transcripts
Appendix 6. Table of irregular verbs

6
 List of Abbreviations

Parts of speech Abbreviations

adjective adj.
adverb adv.
auxiliary aux.
conjunction conj.
noun n.
noun phrase n phr
object obj.
preposition prep.
somebody sb
something sth
subject subj.
verb v.
verb + “-ing” V-ing
verb in past participle V-pp/PII
verb phrase v phr

7
 List of figures
No. Names Pages
1. Table 2.1 Income statement’s purpose 28

2. Table 2.2 Income Statement 29

3. Table 2.3 Data of Happy Co. Ltd 32 - 33

4. Table 3.1. Statement of Cash Flows 47- 48

5. Table 3. 2 Data of Future Co. Ltd 51

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 MODULE: ENGLISH FOR ACCOUNTING
Module title: English for accounting
Module Code: MĐ 6340302.14.
Module framework:
- Pre-requisites: This module is compiled for learners after they have completed the
general knowledge modules, professional training modules and Basic English.
- Scope: This module is compulsory for students of economic and accounting department.
- Aims:
The textbook “English for accounting” provides students with the necessary advanced
English grammar and specialized English vocabulary relating to accounting in order to
help them acquire enough vocabulary to read and understand a part of the specialized
English materials after graduation.
Objectives:
After completing these modules, students will be able to:
- For knowledge:
+ Describe the form, use of passive voice in the past and in the future, conditionals,
relative clauses, word formation and gerund.
+ Name some terminologies about accounting, the procedures in an accounting cycle,
the elements in an income statement, statement of cash flow and types of investment.
+ Apply reading-understanding tactics such as quick reading to understand main
idea, take out detailed information and understand writer’s purpose; take note contents and
important information to listen & understand lectures about accounting and auditing. Take
part in conservations, discussion or sum up main idea of listened or read information.
Report and participate in group’s activities.
- For skills:
+ Use grammar and vocabulary leant to read, write, listen, speak and take part in
conservations, discussion or sum up main idea of listened or read information; to report and
participate in group’s activities; to understand main idea, take out detailed information and
understand writer’s purpose; and to take note contents and important information.
- For attitudes:

9
 + Receive awareness of the importance of learning English for work, essential elements:
correct pronunciation, stress, intonation, and accuracy, fluency in communication and
writing in English;
+ Raise awareness of practicing listening, speaking, reading and conversation skills for
students;
+ Be aware of the importance of practicing carefulness, accuracy, safe work, flexibility
and confidence when using English for work.
+ Self-confidently and flexibly, participate in conversations and working in-group in the
company’s environment. Being aware of an accountant’s honesty in managing an
enterprise and then truly plan to develop occupationally in the future.
Contents of the module:

10
 UNIT 1: ACCOUNTING
Code: MĐ. 6340302.14.01
Introduction:
This unit gives an overview of English grammar about the form, use of the past and
future passive, about the accounting vocabulary and procedures in English accounting
cycle.

Objectives:

- Present the form, use of the past and future passive, the accounting vocabulary and
procedures in English accounting cycle;
- Use words and grammar mentioned above to listen, speak, read and write and
discuss about accounting theme and procedures of an accounting cycle in English;
- Be aware of the importance of English to future occupation, essential elements:
correct pronunciation, stress, intonation, accuracy, fluency in communication and writing
in English, the carefulness in the job as an accountant.
Main content:
1. Vocabulary: Relating to accounting
Vocabulary Transcription Speech Vietnamese meaning
ccounting [ə'kauntiŋ] (n) công việc kế toán
interpret (v) giải thích/làm sang
int'ə:prit]
tỏ/thể hiện/phiên dịch
record ['rekɔ:d] (v) ghi chép
classify [ˈklæs.ɪ.faɪ] (v) phân loại, xếp loại
summarize [ˈsʌm. ə r.aɪz ] (v) tóm tắt
report [rɪˈpɔːt ] (v) tường thuật, báo cáo
transaction [træn'zæk∫n] (n) giao dịch
measure [ˈmeʒə] (v) đo lường, tính toán
accounting [əˈkauntiƞˈsaikl] (n) chu kì kế toán

11
 cycle
assets [ˈæsets] (n) tài sản
liabilities [ ̗ laiəˈbilitiz] (n) công nợ
owner’s equity [ˈounə s ˈekwiti] (n) vốn chủ sở hữu
decision [di ̗ siʒnˈmeikəz] (n) người ra quyết định
makers
journalize /'dʤə:nəlaiz/ (v) lập sổ nhật ký, giữ nhật
ký
post /poʊst/ (v) kết chuyển các bút toán
khóa sổ

Task 1. Match each definition with the letter of one of the following.

1. accounting a. prepare financial statement

2. balance sheet b. debt of a business

3. assets c. the value of a company that is

the property of its shareholders
4. liabilities d. post entries from journals to
specific accounts
5. equity e. statement of the financial
position of a company at a
particular time
6. record f. something that is legally owned
by a person or company
7. classify g. enter transactions in
journals in chronological
order
8. summarize h. The activity of keeping
detailed records of the amounts
of money a business or person
receives and spend

Task 2. Use these terms to fill in these blanks.

12
1. accounting 7. liabilities 4. expenses 2. balance sheet
capital 5.income 3. profit 6. assets
statement

(1) ………. summarizes and submits financial information of a business or

organization in reports and statements. One of the most important financial reports is the
(2) ………. This report shows the economic performance of a business, whether it has
made a (3) ………. or loss. The basic format is revenues less (4) ………. equals income (in
Britain income is called profit). If expenses are greater than sales, then there is a loss.
Another very important report is the (5) ………. This shows assets, liabilities, and
owner’s equity of the business on a specific day, usually the last day of the accounting
year.
(6) ………. are normally divided into current and non-current assets. Current assets
are the assets that are used to fund day-to-day operations and pay ongoing expenses.
Noncurrent assets are intended for use in the long-term operations of a business. Non-
current assets will still be with the company in several years.
(7) ………. can be either short term or long term. The former are current liabilities,
which are debts payable within one year, while the latter are classified as long-term
liabilities, which are debts payable over a longer period.
2. Language focus: Past and future passive voice
2.1 Past passive voice
a. The simple past tense in passive voice
S + was/were + past participle (Pii)

A: They built a factory near our house

P: A factory was built near our house in 2010.
in 2010.

b. The past continuous tense in passive voice

S + was/were + being + past participle (Pii)

A: They were signing a contract at that P: A contract was being signed at that
time last year. time last year.

13
2.2. Future passive voice
a. The near future tense in passive voice
S + am/is/are + going to + past participle (Pii)

A: They are going to build a factory P: A factory is going to be built near our
near our house next year. house next year.

b. The simple future tense in passive voice

S + will + be + past participle (Pii)

A: They will sign a new contract. P: A new contract will be signed.

Task3. Rewrite the following sentences in passive voice.

1. They asked her to become director of this business.
……………………………………………………………………….
2. The owners were selling the company but we didn’t know.
……………………………………………………………………….
3. They have cancelled our flight because of the bad weather.
……………………………………………………………………….
4. The United Nations will finance the project in 2020.
……………………………………………………………………….
5. The Human Resources manager interviews candidates.
……………………………………………………………………….
6. The company provides free accommodation for some staffs.
……………………………………………………………………….
7. Someone is translating the presentation into English.
……………………………………………………………………….
8. They completed their market research two weeks ago.
……………………………………………………………………….
9. We launched this product in 2005.

14
……………………………………………………………………….
10. The owners will sell this land to developers for $ 500.000
……………………………………………………………………….
Task 4. Rewrite the following sentences in active voice.
1. All our new product are tested in our laboratory.
……………………………………………………………………….
2. Our weekly newsletter is read by every member of a staff.
……………………………………………………………………….
3. The conference delegates will be met at the airport by a company driver.
……………………………………………………………………….
4. Our health and safety regulations must be reviewed as soon as possible
……………………………………………………………………….
5. Three of their subsidiaries have been closed over the last year.
……………………………………………………………………….
6. A new sugar- free soft drink is currently being developed
……………………………………………………………………….
7. My PC is going to be fixed by the IT department tomorrow.
……………………………………………………………………….
8. Ivan is not going to be offered the job of department manager.
……………………………………………………………………….
9. This goods will be shipped to you in 2 hours.
……………………………………………………………………….
10. New furniture was bought for the new office.
……………………………………………………………………….
3. Skills:
3.1. Reading: Accounting
Each business event which can be entered in books as a sum of money is called a
transaction. Accounting is the art of interpreting, measuring and describing economic
activities by an accounting system that consists of methods, procedures, facilities
15
(documents, books, and computers) to keep track of business transactions. It creates
financial information about an economic entity over a time period.
Procedures in an accounting cycle consist of such tasks as:
- Recording: enter transactions in journals in chronological order.
- Classifying: post entries from journals to specific accounts (called ledgers). The
simplest form is the T- account with a title, a left side (debit side) and right side (credit
side). Balance credits and debits in ledgers to prepare for summarizing.
- Summarizing: prepare financial statement (P&L statement, cash flow statement,
balance sheet…..) using the accounting equation.
Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
Or
Owner’s Equity = Assets – Liabilities
Assets – resources of the firm that are expected to increase or cause future cash flows
(everything the firm owns)
Liabilities – obligations of the firm to outsiders or claims against its assets by outsiders
(debts of the firm).
Owners’ Equity – the residual interest in, or remaining claims against, the firm’s assets
after deducting liabilities (right of the owners)
- Journalizing and posting: closing entries to be ready for the record of events of the
next accounting period.
Financial information is needed by the internal control ( serving
managerial, decision makers where the management or managerial accounting
is used and which is tailored to meet the managers’ specific information
needs) and outsiders (for creditors, shareholders, the government…. Where
the financial accounting is used, which should necessarily be in conformity
with the accounting standards and concepts, known as GAAP).

Task 5. Give the synonym of the underlined and bold words.

1. Any individual who holds shares owns a part of a company.
A. stocks B. ownership C. money
2. Ownership is now allowed in almost every country in the world.
A. friendship B. partnership C. private business
16
3. Equity means ownership which is now allowed in almost every country in the world.
A. share B. goods C. interest rate
Task 6. State whether each of the following statements is “True” or “False”.
------1. Accounting principles are rules of action or conduct which are adopted
by the accountants universally while recording accounting transactions.
------2. It is on the basis of going concern concept that the assets are always valued at
market price.
------3. The convention of disclosure implies that all material information should
be disclosed in the accounts.
-----4. The convention of conservatism takes into account all prospective profits
but leaves all prospective losses.
------5. Since the life of the business is assumed to be indefinite, the financial
statements of the business should be prepared only when it goes into
liquidation.
------6. In accounting all business transitions are recorded as having a dual aspect
Task 7. Answer the following questions.
1. What is accounting?
………………………………………………………………………….
2. What does an accounting system consist of?
………………………………………………………………………….
3. Are facilities documents, books and computers?
………………………………………………………………………….
4. How many tasks does an accounting cycle consist of?
………………………………………………………………………….
5. Does recording mean getting out transaction in journals in chronological order?
………………………………………………………………………….
6. How many kinds of financial statements are there?
………………………………………………………………………….
7. Are liabilities and owner’s equity equal assets?
………………………………………………………………………….
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 8. What do journalizing and posting mean?
………………………………………………………………………….
9. Who are outsiders?
………………………………………………………………………….
10.What does the term “GAAP” stand for and what does it mean in Vietnamese?
………………………………………………………………………….
3.2. Writing:
Task 8. Indicate the best answer for each of the following questions.
1. The prime function of accounting is to:

A. Recording economic data.

B. Providing the informational basis for action.
C. Classifying and recording business transactions.
D. Attaining non-economic goal
2. The basic function of financial accounting is to
A. Record all business transactions.
B. Interpret the financial data.
C. Assist the management in performing functions effectively.
3. Management accounting provides invaluable services to management in performing:
A. All management functions.
B. Coordinating management functions.
C. Controlling functions.
4. Book-keeping is mainly concerned with:
A. Recording of financial data relating to business operations
B. Designing the systems in recording, classifying, summarizing the recorded data.
C. Interpreting the data for internal and external end users.
Task 9. Re-arrange the following groups of words to form meaningful sentences.
1. Each business event/ be/ entered/ in/ can/ as/ of/ books / is/ sum / money/ called/
transaction/of /a.
………………………………………………………………………….
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 2. track/ system/ keep/ transaction of/ to/ Accounting/ consists/ methods/ procedures/
facilities/ business/ and.
………………………………………………………………………….
3. recording/ An/ cycle/ classifying/ summarizing/ accounting/ of/ journalizing and
posting/ consists.
………………………………………………………………………….
4. responsibility / records/ accountant’s/ is / transaction/ to / keep.
………………………………………………………………………….
5. Equity / assets/ liabilities/ consists / balance sheet/ of/ sections/ 3.

………………………………………………………………………….
3.3. Speaking
Task 10. Use the answers in Task 8 and task 9 to discuss with your group/ partners.
4. Practice. Further Exercises
Task 11. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
advantage particular prefer
allocate factors terms
wasteful production probably

1. She………. won’t come. She has an appointment with Mr. Jones in Hong Kong
2. Could you let me know your………. of payment?
3. There is little … in buying a dictionary if you can’t read.
4. To throw anything valuable is very …
5. The system will have to be tested before it goes into …
6. There are many … that influenced my decision.
7. The whole meal was good but the wine in … was excellent
8. Would you like to go out for dinner or do you … to stay at home?
9. They … money to build this villa.

Task 12. Complete the sentences with the correct answer.

1. communication / to communicate / communicative
a. Supervisors should strive for two-way ………. with their employees.
b. By using an overhead projector, the guest speaker was able ………. his statistical
information clearly.

19
c. Because of the clerk’s highly developed ………. skills, she was given a position that
required her to deal directly with customers.
2. information / informed / informative
a. The owner ……….his employees that they would all receive a 5 percent pay increase.
b. Getting Acquainted with Accounting, by John L. Carey, is a very ………. book.
c. Financial ……….is essential for organizational decision making.
3. allowance / allowed / allowable
a. The supervisor lost control of his staff members after he ………. them to override
his decisions.
b. When the factory was built 50 years ago, little ………. was made for remodeling and
expansion.
c. Capital punishment is ……….only under exceptional circumstances.
4. fulfillment / fulfill / fulfilling
a. At times the assembly line worker felt a lack of professional ………..
b. When he was promoted to production supervisor, however, his job became much
more ………..
c. Before the accountant could become a CPA, she had to ………. a number of
requirements.
5. standards / has standardized / standard
a. The ……….paper size in the United States for business letters and memoranda is 8½
X 11 inches.
b. The accounts department ………. its procedures for recording and presenting
financial information.
c. Nowadays, rigorous ……….are enforced in the area of food processing and
packaging.

20
5. Assessment

5.1. Evaluation sheet

EVALUATION SHEET

a. Multiple choice questions (10 points)

1. Accounting is the art of interpreting, measuring and describing economic

activities by an accounting system consists of........................
A. methods B. procedures
C. facilities D. all A& B&C
2. Documents, books and computers are.............................
A. methods B. procedures
C. facilities D. all A& B&C
3. An accounting cycle consist of such tasks as ……..classifying,
summarizing, journalizing and posting
A. recording B. classifying
C. summarizing D. all A& B&C
4. P&L statement, cash flow statement, balance sheet are…....................
A. financial accounting B. financial statement
C. financial information D. all A& B&C
5. ........................... means liabilities and owner’s equity
A. Taxes B. Stocks
C. Assets D. Land

b. Oral questions (10 points)

1. What does an accounting system consist of?

2. How many tasks does an accounting cycle consist of?

5.2. Assessment methods

- Assessment of knowledge: multiple-choice, oral
- Assessment of skills: Practice

21
 UNIT 2: INCOME STATEMENT

Code: MĐ. 6340302.14.02

Introduction:
This unit gives an overview of English grammar about the form, use of the three
conditional sentences and list the items in the English of an income statement.
Objectives:
- Present the form, use of the the three conditional sentences and list the items in
English of an income statement;
- Use words and grammar above to listen, speak, read, write and communicate about
the items in an income statement in English;
- Be aware of the importance of English to future occupation, essential elements:
correct pronunciation, stress, intonation, accuracy, fluency in communication and writing
in English, the carefulness when doing the financial statements like income statement for
the company.

Main content:
1. Vocabulary:
Vocabulary Transcription Speech Vietnamese meaning
income statement [ˈinkʌm (n) báo cáo kết quả kinh doanh
ˈsteitmənt]
code [koud] (n) mã
revenue [ˈrevənju:] (n) doanh thu
deduction [diˈdʌk ʃn] (n) các khoản giảm trừ
net revenue [net ˈrevənju:] (n) doanh thu thuần
gross profit [grəʊs ˈprɔfit] (n) lợi nhuận gộp
financial income [faiˈnæn∫l (n) doanh thu hoạt động tài chính
ˈinkʌm]
financial expense [faiˈnæn∫l (n) chi phí tài chính
iksˈpens]
interest expense [ˈintrəst iksˈpens] (n) chi phí lãi vay
operating profit [ˈɔpəreitiŋˈprɔfit] (n) lợi nhuận từ hoạt động kinh
22
 doanh
net profit [et ˈprɔfit] (n) tổng nhuận thuần
share [∫eə] (n) cổ phiếu
basic earnings [ˈbeisik ˈəniŋz] (n) lãi cơ bản
net income [net ˈinkʌm] (n) thu nhập thuần
expense [iksˈpens] (n) chi phí
Task 1. Match the terms with their meanings.

A B
1. financial income a. báo cáo tài chính

2. balance sheet b. báo cáo kết quả kinh doanh

3. basic earnings c. chi phí lãi vay

4. revenue d. lãi cơ bản

5. income statement e. doanh thu

6. interest expense f. chi phí

7. financial income g. doanh thu hoạt động tài chính

.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
Task 2. Complete these sentences with given terms.
Profit Income statement Revenue Balance sheet
Share Expense

23
 1. Accountans are in charge of three major financial statements including (1)
……………….………which shows financial picture on a given day, (2)
…………….… which shows performance over a given period and statement of cash
flows which shows performance over a given period
2. (3)................................. is money gained from a sale which is more than the money
spent on making the item sold or on providing the service offered.
3. (4)................................. is money the company received.
4. (5)................................. is a part of something that has been divided up among
several people or groups or one of many equal parts into which a company’s capital
is divided.
5. (6)................................. is the money the company spent.
2. Language focus: CONDITIONALS (CÁC LOẠI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN).
2.1 Conditional sentence - Type 1
 Câu điều kiện loại 1 được dùng để nói về các kết quả của một sự việc có thể xảy ra ở
hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
 Chúng ta thường dùng câu điều kiện loại 1 để nói về các điều kiện và điều khoản trong
một hợp đồng hoặc giao dịch.
Mệnh đề điều kiện Mệnh đề chính
If + S + V present tense, S + must / should / can / may + V.
infinitive
OR
Mệnh đề chính Mệnh đề điều kiện
S + must / should / can / may + V. infinitive if + S + V present tense,

Eg: If we increase our order, they will give us a higher discount.

If our main competitor goes bankrupt, we will increase our market share.
2.2 Conditional sentence - Type 2
 Chúng ta dùng câu điều kiện loại 2 để tưởng tượng ra các tình huống không có thật ở
hiện tại.
 Câu điều kiện loại 2 được dùng để diễn đạt các kết quả tưởng tượng của một sự việc
không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại.
Mệnh đề điều kiện Mệnh đề chính
24
If + S + V past tense, S + would / could / should + V. infinitive
OR
Mệnh đề chính Mệnh đề điều kiện
S + would / could / should + V. infinitive if + S + V past tense,

Note: “Were” được sử dụng phổ biến với tất cả các chủ ngữ của mệnh đề điều kiện loại 2
trong văn phong Anh ngữ trang trọng.
Eg: Imagine what it would be like if every bank issued its own currency.
If prices never changed, nominal GDP would be sufficient.
If I were the Managing Director, I would restructure our company.
2.3 Conditional sentence - Type 3
 Câu điều kiện loại 3 được dùng để nói về những sự việc không xảy ra trong quá khứ (và
kết quả có thể của nó nếu sự việc đó xảy ra).

Mệnh đề điều kiện Mệnh đề chính

If + S + V past perfect, S + would / could / might + have + P.2
OR
Mệnh đề chính Mệnh đề điều kiện
S + would / could / might + have + P.2 if + S + V past perfect,

Eg: If the price / earnings ratio had been higher, I would have bought some shares.
The FTC estimated that consumers would have paid about $480 million more for CDs
than they did if prices had been determined by market forces.
Notes: If + S + V. present tense, V. imperative
Eg: If a fifteen percent discount is not accepted, please look for another supplier.
If the customer is a very difficult person, please stay calm.
Task 3: Correct the grammatical mistakes in the sentences below.
1. If you give us a 10% discount, we would place our order today.
2. If I would have more money, I would go on a cruise.
25
 3. If I will go to London next week, I’ll visit their sales office.
4. If I would work from home, I would have more time with my children.
5. Prices would rise if a deflict is financed by printing more money.
6. If you buy 10,000 shares, you would own 1 percent of the company.
7. If the wage rises to $14 per hour, some restaurants would stop hiring and others
would have to lay off some chefs.
8. Other companies entered the market if there would be more competition.
9. If you is not fully satisfied with this product, we will refund your money.
10.Under the terms of their contract, employees must given 3 months' notice if they
leave.
Task 4: Choose the correct verbs from the brackets to complete these sentences.
1 If you (give us/’ll give us) a discount of 10%, we (‘ll place/place) a firm order.
2 (Will you deliver/do you deliver) by the end of the month if we (pay/’ll pay) the transport
costs?
3 If you (will lower/lower) your price by 5%, we (buy/’ll buy) at least 5,000 units.
4 (Would/Does) it help you if we (sent/are sending) the goods by air?
5 If you (aren’t improving/don’t improve) your delivery times, we (‘ll have/had) to find a
new supplier.
6 If we (will join/joined) an association of producers, we (would get/will get) a better price
for our coffee.
Task 5: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets.
1 If you offer us a 15% discount …………… (we/ give) you an order for 50,000 bottle.
2 What discount ………….. (you/ offer) us if we decided to spend £1 million a year with
you?
3 If …………….(we/ improve) the payment terms, would you consider buying from us?
4 If we meet again next week…(you/change) your position?
5 We could negotiate a better price if ………… (you/ shorten) the delivery time.
7 If you ……………. (not offer) such good terms, we wouldn’t do business with you.

3. Skills
3.1. Reading: Income statement
26
As a manager, you may be asked to produce or contribute towards an income
statement for your own business unit. This provides senior management with
an indication of how your business unit is performing against its targets over a
specific period. The purpose of an income statement is to be able to measure
an organization’s financial performance over a specific accounting period. It
provides a summary of how its revenues and expenses are incurred, as well as
showing if it has made a net profit or loss.
The income statement may be defined as a summary of the revenue, expenses,
and net income or net loss of a business entity for a specific period of time.
This may also be called a profit and loss statement, operating statement, or
statement of operations. Let us review the meaning of the elements entering
into the income statement.
Revenue: The increase in capital resulting from the delivery of goods or
rendering of services by the business. In amount, the revenue is equal to the
cash and receivables gained in compensation for the goods delivered or
services rendered.
Expenses: The decrease in capital caused by the business’s revenue-producing
operations. In amount, the expense is equal to the value of goods and services
used up or consumed in obtaining revenue.
Net Income: The increase in capital resulting from profitable operation of a
business; it is the excess of revenues over expenses for the accounting period.
Net Loss: The decrease in capital resulting from the operations of a business.
It is the excess of expenses over revenue for the accounting period.
Note: It is important to note that a cash receipt qualifies as revenue only if it
serves to increase capital. Similarly, a cash payment in an expense if only it
decreases capital. Thus, for instance, borrowing cash from a bank does not
contribute to revenue.

Purpose of the Income Statement

The primary purpose of the income statement is to report an organization’s earnings to
investors over a specific period of time. It provides important insights into how effectively
management is controlling expenses, the amount of interest on income and expense, and
the taxes paid. An income statement can also be used to calculate financial ratios that will
reveal how well the management is investing the money under their control. It can also be

27
used to compare an organization’s profits with those of its competitors by examining
various profit margins.

Table 2.1 Income statement’s purpose

Income statements are used in a variety of ways both internally and externally to aid the
decision- making process.

28
 X Group
Income Statement - Two-Year Comparison

2012 2013 $ Variance %

Sales $8,079,445 $7,756,268 $323,177 4.2%

Cost of Sales $0 $0 $0 0.0%
Gross Profit $8,079,445 $7,756,268 $323,177 4.2%

Operating Expenses $7,945,326 $7,620,193 $325,133 4.3%

Operating Profit $134,119 $136,075 -$1,956 -1.4%

Other Income $0 $0 $0 0.0%

Other Expenses $16,360 $15,542 $818 5.3%
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes $117,759 $120,533 -$2,774 -2.3%

Interest Expense $72,301 $68,439 $3,862 5.6%

Earnings Before Taxes $45,458 $52,094 -$6,636 -12.7%

Provision for Income Taxes $21,877 $21,070 $807 3.8%

Net Income $23,581 $31,024 -$7,443 -24.0%

Additional Information
Owners' Compensation $2,853,654 $2,796,581 $57,073 2.0%
Depreciation Expense $122,001 $115,901 $6,100 5.3%
Selling Expenses $0 $0 $0 0.0%

29
Table 2.1 Income Statement
Task 6: State whether each of the following statements is “True” or “False”.
1. Income statement shows the revenues and the expenses of a company during
an accounting period.
2. The accounts included in the income statement must reflect the amounts of
actual cash the company has received.
3. Dividends and interest cannot be added to revenue account.
4. Regardless of directly relating to generating the company’s revenues, all
expenses must be included in the income statement.
5. A gain on the sale of a building and a gain on the early retirement of long-
term debt during the accounting period must be included in the income statement.
6. FASB means the Friend Accounting Standards Board.
7. Losses resulting from expenses or distributions to owners are shown on the
income statement.
8. The bottom line shows the net income of the company at the end of the
accounting period.
Task 7. Answer the following questions.
1. How often does an income statement present a company’s revenues and expenses
for a given accouting period?
…………………………………………………………………………….
2. Name other ways to call income statement.
…………………………………………………………………………….
3. Is net income or net loss the increase in capital resulting from profitable
operation of a business?
…………………………………………………………………………….
4. What is the primary purpose of the income statement?
…………………………………………………………………………….
5. Can an income statement also used to calculate financial ratios?
……………………………………………………………………………
Task 8. State whether each of the following statements is “True” or “False”.
……1. An income statement is also called a profit and loss statement.
……2. An income statement includes taxes the business must pay on its
earnings.
……3. Return on investment is net profit divided by start-up investment.
……4. Financial ratio analysis is sometimes called same-size analysis.
……5. Operating ratio is COGS divided by sales.
……6. To calculate profit margin, divide sales into net income.
……7. An income statement shows whether the difference between
revenue and net profit is a profit or a loss
……8. Never disclose your COGS, so you can keep your operating ratio secret.
3.2. Writing:
Task 9. Use the following suggested words to write meaningful sentences.
1. If I / director / this company / sign off / him.
…………………………………………………………………………….
2. We/ study / accounting department now.
…………………………………………………………………………….
3. They / study / Maritime College / accounting department / one year.
…………………………………………………………………………….
4. She / want / become / accountant / future.
…………………………………………………………………………
5. There / be / main / financial statements / include/ balance sheet/ income
statement / statement / cash flows.
…………………………………………………………………………….
6. Income statement / be / one / kind / financial statement
…………………………………………………………………………….
Task 10. Look again the (Table 2.2 Income Statement) and compare the
information between 2 years in this income statement and write them down
according to some suggested words.
1. The amount of dollars / sales / 2008 /increase/ 24.8 %
…………………………………………………………………………….
2. Gross profit / increase / 75 000 $.
…………………………………………………………………………….
3. Selling expenses / 2008 / go up / 29.9%
…………………………………………………………………………….
4. The amount of general expenses / be / small / than / selling expense.
…………………………………………………………………………….
5. Other income / 2007 / not / be / high / than / 2008.
…………………………………………………………………………….
3.3. Speaking
Task 11. Use the answers in Task 9 and task 10 to discuss with your group
about this income statement.
Task 12. Use the data in the box to ask and answer about the Income
Statement for the agriculture manufacturer Happy Company.
Happy Company
Total
Utilities $ 10,193.00
Depreciation $ 32,870.00
Non Cash Transfer out $ 48,000.00
Capital gains (losses) $ (13,364.00)
Labor $ 48,000.00
Veterinary $ 5,825.00
Sales $ 34,636.00
Inventory change
(Expenses) $ 5,470.00
Interest Expense $ 18,454.00
Repairs and Maintenance $ 38,629.00
Cash Receipts $ 175,838.00
Feed $ 23,400.00
Inventory and Accounts Receivable Change $ 29,000.00
Table 2.3. Data of Happy Company
4. Practice. Further Exercises
Task 13. Fill in each blank with the best response.
1. If he doesn't come in the next 10 minutes, we …………. without him.
A. started B. would start C. will start
2. He …….a manager when he was 25.
A. has become B. became C. was becoming
3. ………the details of the proposed merger.
A. Let’s to discuss B. Let's discuss C. Let's be discussing
4. Our distributor called while I ……………. to Jim. (I'm no longer talking to
Jim)
A. was talking B. have been talking C. would be talking
5. I thought about your proposal, and I think we……………… it
A. accept B. will have accepted C. will accept
6. How long ……………….in sales?
A. have you worked B. have you been working C. A or B
7. I have ………… your proposal, and I'm quite impressed.
A. reviewed B. reviewing C. review
8. The mayor failed ………………the striking workers to return to contract
talks.
A. persuade B. to persuade C. A or B
9. The union ………………… on Tuesday to resume contract talks.
A. was being agreed to B. agreed C. has been agreeing
10. Negotiations ……………………….to continue into the weekend.
A. are expected B. are expecting C. expect
Task 14. Listening: Report on Michael Dell.
Listen to the report on Michael Dell and answer the listening comprehension
questions
1. How much of his own money did Michael Dell invest in his company when
things were going bad?
A. $700 million dollars B. $70 million dollars C. $7 million dollars
2. What was the result of this gamble?
A. He made more than 2 million dollars.
B. He lost half of his money.
C. The stock fell, but Dell made money.
3. When did Michael Dell start his career?
A. In a dorm room B. 22 years ago C. 56 years ago
4. Apart from lowering prices on computers, what is Dell doing to turn around
its business?
A. trying to improve customer service
B. outsourcing
C. closing some customer service centers
5. According to this report, Dell ………
A. agreed to an exclusive partnersgip with Intel
B. bought 2 million shares of Intel
C. will no longer only be using Intel chips
Task 15. Choose the best answer.
1. A commonly used word that means house, building or apartment is ….
A. own B. poperty C. value D. money

2. The opposite of the verb 'to buy', is …………………

A. own B. cost C. value D. purchased

3. A verb that means to 'give' money to somebody to buy a product or service

A. own B. cost C. value D. purchased

4. An adjective which means the amount of money that you should get/obtain if
you sold something, is ……..
A. own B. cost C. value D. purchased
5. A different way of saying 'buy', is ……………
A. own B. cost C. value D.purchased
6. When you pay more money for something you have bought than you should,
is ……………
A. own B. cost C. value D. purchased

7. A noun which means the amount of money that you should get/obtain if you
sold something, is ………..
A. own B. cost C. value D. purchased
8. When you sell something for less money than what you bought it for, you
A. own B. cost C. value D. purchased

9. A verb that means that something is yours/your possession, is ...

A. own B. cost C. value D.purchased

10. When you sell something for more money than what you bought it for,
you ………..
A. own B. cost C. value D. purchased
11. When you pay money to live in a house that another person owns,
is ………
A. own B. cost C. value D. purchased
12. A verb which means the 'quantity of money you have to pay' to buy or use
an object or service, is ………….
A. own B. cost C. value D. purchased
13. A verb which means the 'quantity of money you have to pay' to use a
service, is……….
A. own B. cost C. value D. purchased
 5. Assessment
5.1. Evaluation sheet
EVALUATION SHEET

a. Multiple choice questions (10 points)

1……….means a summary of thr revenue, expense, net income or net loss of
a business.
A. Income statement B. Financial statement
C. Balance sheet D. All A&B&C
2. The purpose of an income statement is to be able to ……….an
organization’s financial performance over a specific accounting period.
A. measure B. calculate
C. add D. divide
3. Revenues refer to the total amount of money a business earns by
……….its products or by ………. Its services during a specific period.
A. buying/ receiving B. selling/ receiving
C. selling/ providing D. buying/ providing
4. ……….is the increase in capital resulting from profitable operation of a
business.
A. Revenue B. Net Income
C. Expense D. Net Loss
5. ……….is the decrease in capital resulting from profitable operation of a
business.
A. Revenue B. Net Income
C. Expense D. Net Loss

b. Oral questions (10 points)

1. What does an income statement present?
2. What elements are there in the income satement?

5.2. Assessment methods

- Assessment of knowledge: multiple-choice, oral
- Assessment of skills: Practice
 UNIT 3: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Code: MĐ 6340302.14.03
Introduction:
This unit gives an overview of English grammar about the form, use of
the relative clauses, word formation and the items in the statement of cash
flow.

Objectives:
- Present the form, use of the relative clauses, word formation and the
items in the statement of cash flows;
- Use words and grammar above to listen, speak, read, write and
communicate about the theme of management accounting, report about the
statement of cash flows;
- Be aware of the importance of English to future occupation, essential
elements: correct pronunciation, stress, intonation, accuracy, fluency in
communication and writing in English, the carefulness when reporting
statement of cash flows for the company.

Main content:
1. Vocabulary: Relating to management accounting
Vocabulary Transcription Speech Vietnamese meaning
operating activities / 'ɔpəreitiŋ ækˈtɪvɪtiz/ (n) hoạt động kinh doanh
investing activities /in'vestiŋ ækˈtɪvɪtiz/ (n) hoạt động đầu tư
financing activities /ˈfaɪnænsiŋ (n) hoạt động tài chính
ækˈtɪvɪtiz/

decrease / 'di:kri:s / (v) giảm

increase / 'ɪŋkri:s / (v) tăng
cash flow [kæ∫ flou] (n) luồng tiền mặt
amortization (n) trả dần/trừ dần (món
[ə,mɔ:ti'zeiʃn]
nợ/ tài sản)
dividend ['dividend] (n) lãi cổ phần/Cổ tức
net earning [net ,ə:niŋ] (n) lãi ròng (kinh doanh)
depreciation (n) sự khấu hao
[di,pri:ʃi'eiʃn]

deferred income taxes [di'f ə:d 'inkʌm (n) thuế thu nhập chưa
'tæksiz] thanh toán
management accountant [' mænɪdʒmənt , (n) kế toán tài chính
əˈkauntənt]
manufacturing [mænjuˈfæktʃəriŋ] (n) sản xuất
financial data [faiˈnænʃl ˈdeɪ.tə] (n) chỉ số tài chính
Task 1. Match the terms with their meanings.

A B
1. cash flow a. trả dần / trừ dần

2. net earnings b. thuế thu nhập chưa thanh toán

3. depreciation c. luồng tiền mặt

4. amortization d. sự khấu hao

5. intangibles e. lãi cổ phần

6. deferred income taxes f. lãi ròng

 7. decrease g. tài sản

8. increase h. giảm

9. property i. các hoạt động kinh doanh

10. operating activities j. các hoạt động đầu tư

11. investing activities k. tăng

12. dividends l. giữ ổn định

13. remain stable m. chi phí vô hình

.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
Task 2. Complete these sentences using the words in the box.
assets financing owners interest
activities
invest operating raise investing
activities activities

1. (1) ……….. – include sale and purchase of goods and payment of items such
as rent, taxes, and (2) ……….
2. (3) ……….. – include acquiring and selling (4) ………. and securities held
for investment purposes
3. (5) ………. – include obtaining resources from (6)………. and creditors and
repaying amounts borrowed
4. Companies do three basic things:
– They (7) ………. in assets to conduct business.
– They (8) .......... money to finance these assets.
– They use the assets and the money they raise to operate the business.
2. Language focus:
2.1 Relative Clauses
A. Đại từ quan hệ thay cho danh từ chỉ Người và chỉ Vật
Mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề được bắt đầu bằng các từ that, who, which hoặc
whose để miêu tả và xác định một đối tượng là người hoặc vật. Để chỉ người, ta
dùng who hoặc that. Để chỉ vật, ta dùng which hoặc that.
Chỉ người: The business consultants who/that advised us were very
experienced.
Chỉ vật: The services which that company offers are very expensive.
B. Mệnh đề quan hệ chủ ngữ và mệnh đề quan hệ tân ngữ
Đôi lúc chúng ta có thể giữ lại hoặc bỏ đi đại từ quan hệ.
 Nếu theo sau đại từ quan hệ who, which, that là động từ vị ngữ của mệnh
đề quan hệ, chúng ta không thể lược bỏ đi đại từ quan hệ:
We helped the tourists who had lost their way.
(who had lost their way là mệnh đề có đại từ quan hệ who là chủ ngữ)
 Nếu theo sau đại từ quan hệ who, which hoặc that là một danh từ hoặc một
đại từ đi liền với một động từ vị ngữ của mệnh đề, ta có thể lược bỏ đi đại từ
quan hệ. Vì vây, ta viết:
The computers that you ordered have arrived.
Hoặc:
The computers you ordered have arrived.
(Trong câu này, that you ordered là một mệnh đề quan hệ có đại từ quan hệ
that thay cho tân ngữ: you ordered the computers)
 Trong mệnh đề quan hệ tân ngữ, ta có thể dùng whom để chỉ người. Tuy
nhiên, cách dùng này chỉ thường thấy trong ngôn ngữ viết trang trọng.
The candidate whom they selected had intensive experience of the industry.
C. Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định
Trong một số trường hợp ta phải dùng who và which chứ không dùng
that:
Sai: Starbucks Coffee Japan, that was established in 1995, has been walking
a different path.
Đúng: Starbucks Coffee Japan, which was established in 1995, has been
walking a different path.
Mệnh đề quan hệ như trên nhằm cung cấp thêm thông tin được gọi là mệnh đề
quan hệ không hạn định và phải được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính. Cùng xem
xét sự khác biệt giữa hai loại:
Mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định:
Citigroup is a US company that was formed in 1998 by bringing together
Citibank and Travelers.
Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định:
Legend Group Holdings, which is controlled by the Chinese government,
owns a majority stake in Lenovo.

To refer to people To refer to things

Subject who, that which, that

Object ( who, that, ( which, that)
whom*)
Possessive Whose

Defining clauses provide essential information about the subject or object

of a sentence.
Without this information, the sentence often does not make sense or has a
different meaning.
Who or that are used for people.
Eg: He exudes the air of a man who has done this many, many times before_
Which or that are used for things.
Eg: Boldness and vision are qualities that/which all leaders should have.
Task 3. Use the relative pronouns (who or which) to complete these
sentences.
1. “He ............... has never learned to obey cannot be a good commander”
Aristole (Greek philosopher)
2. “A leader is someone .................knows what they want to achieve and
can communicate that.” Margaret Thatcher (British politician)
3. “A leader shapes and shares a vision, ................ gives point to the work
of others.” Charles Handy (British writer)
4. “A leader should be humble. A leader should be able to communicate
with his people. A leader is someone ....................walks out in front of his
people, but he doesn’t get too far out in front, to where he can’t hear their
footsteps.” Tommy Lasorda (US sports personality)
2.2 Language focus: Word formation 1
Task 4. Complete the table using the correct form of the words and then give
the Vietnamese meaning of these words.
VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE MEANING
allocate (1)
(2) completion complete
cost cost (3)
employ (4) employable
(5)
(6) (7) informative
produce (8) productive
profit profit (9)
(10) sale
Task 5. Now use the correct form of words from the table to complete the
sentences.
a. We have far too much work – we need to ___________an assistant to help
us.
b. Everything we do depends on having accurate____________.
c. The company __________electrical goods like photocopiers and scanners.
d. We can’t have new laptops for everyone because it’s simply
too____________.
e. The pre-tax ____________was over € 12 bn.
f. We’ve been ____________the conference room on the ground floor. Let’s
meet down there at 2 p.m.
g. They hope to ___________the report by Friday.
h. We always have the highest _____________at Christmas.
3. Skills:
3.1. Reading: Statement of Cash Flows.
Introduction to Statement of Cash Flows
Companies do three basic things.
– They invest in assets to conduct business.
– They raise money to finance these assets.
– They use the assets and the money they raise to operate the
business.
These transactions can be classified into one of three categories – operating,
investing, and financing activities.
Operating activities – include sale and purchase of goods and payment of items
such as rent, taxes, and interest
Investing activities – include acquiring and selling assets and securities held for
investment purposes
Financing activities – include obtaining resources from owners and creditors
and repaying amounts borrowed
The statement of cash flows gives a direct picture of where cash came from and
where cash went.
 Preparation of the statement of cash flows
– List the activities that increased (inflow) or decreased (outflow)
cash.
– Place each inflow or outflow into the proper categories.
Statement of Cash Flows:
For the years ended December 31 (in 2010 2011 2012
millions)
Net earnings $ 8,910 $ 8,919 $ 9,734
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to
cash provided from operating
activities
Cumulative effect of accounting changes 0 212 0
Depreciation and amortization of property, 3,574 3,475 3,118
plant and equipment
Amortization of goodwill and other 1,837 1,987 1,887
intangibles
Earnings (before accounting changes) 0 0 0
retained
Deferred income taxes 965 756 545
Decrease (increase) in current receivables 1,274 1,177 1,571
Decrease (increase) in accounts payable 2,647 3,197 2,948
Decrease (increase) in insurance liabilities 4,490 5,612 6,765
and reserves
Provision for losses on financing 1,964 1,299 1,578
receivables
All other operating activities 4,966 689 32
Cash from operating activities 30,834 26,476 27,543
Cash flows – investing activities
Additions to property, plant and equipment (16,222) (12,388) (13,094)
Dispositions of property, plant and 5,609 4,512 5,436
 equipment
Net increase in financing receivables (10,755) (8,287) (7,339)
Payments for principal business purchased (8,618) (1,276) (6,376)
All other investing activities (1,388) 4,858) (4,286)
Cash used for investing activities (31,374) (22,297) (25,659)
Cash flows – financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in borrowings 18,594 (3,590) 1,844
(maturities) of 90 days or more)
Repayments and other reductions (40,056) (32,918) (30,667)
(maturities longer than 90 days)
Net dispositions (purchases) 1,732 1,288 (1,466)
Dividends paid (3,655) (3,455) (3,298)
All other financing activities 266 655 7
Cash from (used for ) financing (4,253) (1,376) (2,728)
activities
Increase (decrease) in cash and (4,793) 2,803 (844)
equivalents during year
Cash and equivalents at beginning of year 18,278 15,475 16,319
Cash and equivalents at end of year $ 13,485 $ 18,278 $ 15,475
Supplemental disclosure of cash flows
information
Cash paid during the year for interest (9,475) (10,366) (8,838)
Cash recovered (paid) during the year for (1,288) (1,909) (1,678)
income taxes
Table 3.1 Statement of Cash Flows
Task 6. Look at the Statement of Cash Flows on the next page. Are the
following statements True √ or False × ?
1. Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles rose in 2007.
2. More dividends were paid in 2007 than in 2006
3. Net earnings increased from 2005 to 2007
4. Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment went
up in 2006
5. Inventories remained stable during the period 2005- 2007.
6. There were no additions to property, plant and equipment in 2007
7. Deferred income taxes fell in 2007
8. Cash from operating activities was more than cash for investing
activities in 2007

Task 7. Match these words from the Statement of Cash Flows with their
meaning.
Term Meaning Explanation

1. Dividend a. Money that is owed

2. Cash b. Purchase price minus

real value of assets

3. Plant c. Reduction in value due

to wear and tear

4. Amortization d. Money paid out to

shareholders

5. Goodwill e. Writing an intangible

asset off over a number
of years

6. Cumulative f. Increasingby successive

additions

7. Depreciation g. Coins, Bank notes, or

something that can be
easily exchanged for
 these

8. Debt h. Building and equipment

for manufacturing

Task 8. Here are some expressions with cash. Translate them into
Vietnamese.
1 I’m totally out of cash.
………………………………………………………………………
2 We would expect cash in advance so that we can buy the materials.
………………………………………………………………………
3 Cash on delivery, please.
………………………………………………………………………
4 The A120 is the best – It’s a real cash cow.
………………………………………………………………………
5 Use the petty cash to pay for the tea, and we’ll sort it out later.
………………………………………………………………………
6 They’re trying to raise cash by selling some assets, but they’ve only got
until the end of the month. It’s going to be tight.
………………………………………………………………………
3.2. Listening: The directors of a company are meeting to discuss the future
direction of the company and the budgeting process.
Task 9. Who do you think says the sentences below? Match the director to
the sentences

a. Beatrice: Managing 1. ‘Consumers simply don’t have the confidence

Director to spend their money on fancy new product’.

b. Peter: 2. ‘We’ve been working really hard to come up

Marketing Director with some great ideas, ……….’

c. Simon: 3. ‘Our investment program has been ready to

R & D Director go for months’

d. Gavin: 4. ‘Everybody’s forecasts seem to indicate hard

Investment Director times ahead.’

e. Sally: 5. ‘I’d like to move to the next item on the

Finance Director agenda’.

Task 10. Now listen to the meeting to check your answers

Listen to the last part of the meeting again and complete the
gaps.
Peter Ideas and investments don’t mean (1) ………. in the bank.
Consumers simply don’t have the (2) ………. to spend their
money on fancy new products. And as for expansion, I think the
good old days are long gone. We should be (3) ………..
Beatrice Sally, how do you feel about all this?
Sally We’re talking about budgets for the upcoming year.
Everybody’s (4)………..seem to indicate (5) ………..times
ahead.
And we don’t ev en have the money to spend. How are we going
to (6) ………..more debt, or (7 ) ………..more cash in the capital
markets?
Beatrice So despite our great ideas and investment plans, it
seems the reality is that our budgets for this year
will have to be (8) ………..
3.3. Speaking:
Task 11. Work with a partner. Look at the Statement of Cash Flows again.
Now use data in the box to ask and answer about the data in the Statement of
Cash Flow.
Future Co. Ltd.
Total
Receipts $ 175,838.00
Purchases $ 28,000.00
Debt Payments $ 8,933.00
Interest Expenses $ 18,464.00
Cash Contributions $ -
Taxes $ 10,500.00
Cash Withdrawals $ -
Sales $ 34,636.00
Expenses $ 131,517.00
New Borrowings $ -
Table 3. 2 Data of Future Co. Ltd
4. Practice. Further Exercises
Task12. Which is the most difficult thing for you to do on the telephone in
English? Put the following in order: 1= the most difficult, 8 + the easiest.
………. answering a mobile phone when you are busy
……….starting a conversation
……….leaving a voicemail message
……….dealing with problems on the phone
……….making a follow-up call
……….taking a message
……….ending a conversation
……….leaving a message
Task 13. Match 1-10 with a – j make complete sentences.
1. No, I’m a bit busy a. from Associated fashion Lines
2. Speaking. Who’s b. 01544300876
3. Ok. I’ll call c. ask you some questions first
4. Great. That’ll d. about a booking in February
5. Yes, it’s Chris Ettinger e. I’ll call you back this afternoon, OK?
6. well, actually, I wanted to f. Can you hear me now?
7. Yes, we were talking last week g. you after lunch.
8. I’m afraid he’s not in the h. be good
9. Yes, it’s i. calling?
10. Is that better? I’m going outside j. office right now. Who’s calling?
Task 14. Now try to use phrases from above to practice when you telephone
for someone who may be your customers or your manggers.
Task 15. Here are some useful phrases for meetings. Write the number in the
correct box. Can you add any more phrases from the conversation?
Stating objectives: ………………………………………………………………
Asking for contributions: ……………………………………………………….
Moving on: ……………………………………………………………………..
Dealing with communication problems: ……………………………………….
Summarizing: …………………………………………………………………..
1. We have to make a decision today about
2. So, in other words………..
3. Anything to add, Harry?
4. What I want to look at is ……….
5. Can you say that again?
6. You did say the 24th, didn’t you?
7. Let me just go over what we have agreed
8. What I’m saying is ……….
9. Shall we move on to the next item?
10.To sum up then, ……….
11.I’d like to move on if I may
 12.Perhaps we could discuss that at lunch?
13.Our aim today is to..........
14.I didn’t quite catch that.
15.Sally?

5. Assessment
5.1. Evaluation sheet
16.
EVALUATION SHEET
17.
18.
a.19.
Multiple choice questions (10 points)
20.1. Companies’ duties are ..................
21. A. They invest in assets to conduct business.
22. B. They raise money to finance these assets.
23.
24.
C. They use the assets and the money they raise to operate the
25. business.
26. D. All A&B&C
27.
2. These transactions can be classified into.................categories
28.
29. A. two B. four
30. C. three D. five
31.3. .................include sale and purchase of goods and payment of items
32.
such as rent, taxes, and interest
33.
34. A. Operating activities B. Investing activities
35. C. Financing activities D. All A&B&C
36.4. ................ include acquiring and selling assets and securities held for
37.
38.
investment purposes
39. A. Operating activities B. Investing activities
40. C. Financing activities D. All A&B&C
41.
42.5. ................ include obtaining resources from owners and creditors and
43.repaying amounts borrowed
44.
45. A. Operating activities B. Investing activities
46. C. Financing activities D. All A&B&C

b. Oral questions (10 points)

1. What do operating activities include?
2. What do investing activities include?
3. What do financing activities include?
 5.2. Assessment methods
- Assessment of knowledge: multiple-choice, oral
- Assessment of skills: Practice
 UNIT 4: INVESTMENT
Code: MĐ.6340302.14.04
Introduction:
This unit gives an overview of English grammar about the form, use of
the gerund, continuous word formation and the types of investment and
necessary information for investors.

Objectives:
- Present the form, use of the gerund, continuous word formation and the
types of investment and necessary information for investors;
- Use words and grammar above to listen, speak, read, write and
communicate about the types of investment and necessary information
for investors.
- Be aware of the importance of English to future occupation, essential
elements: correct pronunciation, stress, intonation, accuracy, fluency in
communication and writing in English, the carefulness when investing in
the company.

Main content:
1. Vocabulary: Relating to investment
Vocabulary Transcription Speech Vietnamese meaning
Accounting [ə'kautiŋ (n) Quy tắc kế toán
regulation ,regju'lei∫n]

acquire [ə'kwaiə] (v) Được/giành được/ thu được,

kiếm được
legislate ['leʒisleit] (v) Làm luật/lập pháp
profitability ['prɔfitə'biləti] (n) Sự có lãi/tình trạng thu
được nhiều lãi
international [,intə'næ∫ənl (n) Liên doanh quốc tế
 merger 'mə:dʒə]
figure ['figə] (n,v) Noun: Con số/số tiền/giá cả
Verb: suy nghĩ/tính toán
opportunity [,ɔpə'tju:niti] (n) Cơ hội/thời cơ
responsibility [ri,spɔnsə'biləti] (n) Trách nhiệm/tinh thần trách
nhiệm
communication [kə,mju:ni'kei∫n] (n) Truyền đạt/trao đổi thông
tin
representative [,repri'zentətiv] (adj, n) Adjective: Miêu tả, thể
hiện, tiêu biểu, điển
hình
Noun: Người đại diện/đại
lý của một hãng
interpersonal skill [,intə'pə:snl skil] (n) Kỹ năng cá nhân
globalization [,gləʊbəlai'zei∫n] (n) Toàn cầu hóa
actually ['æktjuəli] (adv) Thực sự/thực tế/thậm chí
distribution [,distri'bju:∫n] (n) Phân phối/lưu thông sản
phẩm
description [di'skrip∫n] (n) Diễn tả/mô tả/hạng/loại
research [ri'sə:t∫] (n) Điều tra/nghiên cứu
ignore [ig'nɔ:] (v) Không để ý/lờ đi
accounting [ə'kauti,regju'lei∫n] (n) Quy tắc kế toán
regulation

acquire [ə'kwaiə] (v) Được/giành được/ thu được,

kiếm được
legislate ['leʒisleit] (v) Làm luật/lập pháp
profitability ['prɔfitə'biləti] (n) Sự có lãi/tình trạng thu
được nhiều lãi
international [,intə'næ∫ənl (n) Liên doanh quốc tế
merger 'mə:dʒə]
 figure ['figə] (n,v) Noun: Con số/số tiền/giá cả
Verb: suy nghĩ/tính toán
STARTER:
A.U.S firm is thinking of investing in a European company and you are
advising them. They have some questions to ask the owners. Can you think of
three more questions?
Task 1. The management team is discussing the investment. Listen and list
the factors each speaker mentions.
Anne: So, can we agree at least that it will be most cost effective to
invest in an existing business? That way, we will be able to utilize the
local knowledge of the personnel currently running the business.
Luis: Yeah, I think so. The question is how exactly. Do we buy the
company or only the assets? There’s a lot to think about. For instance,
the due diligence process, although that won’t affect the mechanics of
our acquisition. What will we have to consider, Allen? You’re the
international lawyer.
Alien: Lots of things, takeover rules, European Union regulation on
competition and the accounting legislation. Dana, can you tell us
something about that?
Dana: Actually, the accounting regulations aren’t such a big issue.
More important will be the effect of our acquisition on our balance
sheet. The goodwill component is huge and we have to aware of the
impact this is going to have. That’ll be an interesting discussion with
the auditors.

ANNE 1 Better to invest in an existing business

LUIS 2 …………………………………………………………………………………..
3 …………………………………………………………………………………..
ALLEN 4 …………………………………………………………………………………..
 5 …………………………………………………………………………………..
6 …………………………………………………………………………………..
DANA 7 Accounting regulations…
8 …………………………………………………………………………………..
9 …………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Language focus: Word formation 2
Task 2. Complete the table using the correct form of the words.
VERB NOUN VERB NOUN
to acquire (1) (5) investment
(2) agreement complete (6)
(3) consideration (7) thought
to discuss (4) (8) utilization

Task 3. Now use the correct form of the words above to complete the email
below.
Hi guys
I’ve been looking at the figures for the Scottish project. I (1) ………. we need
to find ways to make the (2 ) ………. more profitable. One idea may
be to (3) ………. the plant in Perth, but this will need
(4) ………. from the local authorities. We could also (5) ……….in the
Dundee plant, but this may cause problems with the local planning
(6)……….. Maybe we could (7) ………. it at Friday’s meeting.
Any (8) ……….?
2. Language focus: Gerund
2.1 Form
Gerunds Examples
learning Learning English is my hobby.
Active My hobby is learning English.
 being The metal surface must be cleaned before being
Passive painted painted.
- The gerund is a verb ending in - ing.

V+ ing

- The negative is formed by adding not before the gerund.

2.2. Usage
A gerund is formed from a verb but can behave like a noun. –
a. It can be the subject of a sentence or clause.
Eg: Satisfying the customer is the aim of every business.
b. It can be the object of a sentence or clause.
Eg: I hate listening to computerized voicemail mazes.
c. It often follows a preposition.
Eg: They became successful by listening to their customers.
d. It stands after certain verbs: spend, waste, avoid, like, dislike, enjoy
Eg: He spent this morning writing the report.
Task4. Choose the correct option in each sentence.
1. He stopped (working / to work) on the project after three months
because of ill-health.
2. She was driving in a hurry but she stopped (answering / to
answer) her mobile phone.
3. Did you remember (calling / to call) the customer yesterday?
4. I can’t remember (offering / to offer) you replacement.
5. The sales assistant forgot (giving / to give) the customer a
discount.
6. The customer forgot (completing / to complete) the five-year
guarantee form.
7. She is incapable of (to make, making) good decisions.
8. My boss expects me (to work, working) overtime.
 9. The man (to wear, wearing) a white shirt is my boss.
10. If you don’t stop (to diet, dieting), you’ll kill yourself.
Task5. Match these sentence halves.
1. The board recommends a. to make mistakes with the big
order.

2. The factory can’t afford b. to turn around the company’s

reputation in the coming year.

3. The Research and Development c. producing the faulty product.

department should consider
4. The new Chief Executive d. out sourcing some of the
promised company’s functions.

5. The factory stopped e. to accept our apology for the

fault.

6. The customer refused f. changing its policy on product

testing.

3. Skills:
3.1. Reading: Here is another email. This time the CFO of a British company
is writing to the head of the Italian subsidiary. What is Rocco’s job?
Hello Marco
Thanks for your email. As you know, before we can agree to your
investing in the new plant in Slovakia, we need to have a clear description of
the project. I’ve listed the main points below. If you have any questions give
me a call, but remember I’m away the first two weeks of December. I’ve
copied this email to Rocco as I’m sure he will be responsible for producing
much of the information.
1 Audited financial statements of the plant’s current owners
2. Planned sources of supply
3. Possible suppliers of capital goods and services
4. Anticipated output
5. Markets and distribution channels
6. Competition
7. A summary of project costs
Best wishes
KJ
Task 6. Read the email again and then decide if the following statements are
True √ or False ×
1. Rocco is senior to Marco in the company hierarchy
2. The British company has already decided to invest in the new plant
3. KJ wants Marco to describe the project in more detail
4. KJ wants financial information about how the plant has performed in the
past
5. KJ wants to know about other similar plants in the market.
6. KJ is very interested in how many people work in the plant
7. KJ needs to have the completed report by 7 December

3.2. Listening
Task 7. The CFO of a European corporation is talking about differences in
accounting practices in other countries. Listen and match each
comment he makes with a point from his list. (The first one has been
done for you).

* Taxation system
* Goodwill
* Inventory
* Financial instruments
*Income statements
Task 8. Put the following words into the table below according to their stress
pattern.
Major * capital * requirements * disclosure * average * develop * different
Acquire * balance * profit * taxation * measure * require * value* actually

Major _______________ _______________ ________________

______________ _______________ ________________ ________________
_______________ ______________ _______________ ________________
_______________ _______________ ________________ ________________
Now listen again and check your answers.
Task9. You are going to hear to extracts from a presentation.
Listen to first extract (part 1) and answer the questions below.
1. What do you think the speaker’s job is?
2. What is she talking about?
3. How does she hope to help her audience?
4. How has she divided her talk?
5. Should people take notes?
Task 10. Now listen to part 2 and fill in the gaps in the extracts from the
presentation.
1.’________________________1 has been a ___________________2 for
many years now’.
2. ‘All of us have been involved in, or seen, companies_________________3
across ______________4 and we have seen some______________5
collapse’.
3. ‘I think that my research has shown that one of the main reasons for such
collapses is that________________6 has ignored the
___________________7 factors facing the members of teams working
in an international ___________________8’.
4. ‘I hope my presentation has made you aware of some of the factors which
________________9 the ability of people from
different_________________10 work together’
3.3. Speaking:
Task 11. Here are some useful phrases for giving a presentation. Match the
parts so that they make sense.
1 If you don’t Happy to take Really want to
mind,
I would prefer
to
2 I will now be Some of the issues in You can create
successful
international
teams.
3 There’ll be Take notes unless you At the end
4 I’ll start with Answer any questions you My presentation.
may have
5 Then we’ll look Look at how Any questions.
at
6 Finally we’ll A short description of The general issues
7 There’s no need Three parts to More detail
to
Task 12. Now prepare a short presentation on a project you are working on
at the moment, or perhaps a procedure you are very familiar with. You
may like to use the following structure to plan your talk.
DID YOU KNOW?
Planning a talk
No matter what language it is in, a good talk has a very clear structure
Introduction Summary
Explain who you are, and how your Briefly remind your audience what
talk will benefit the audience. you have covered, and repeat
Give a brief outline of what you plan your main points.
to say Conclusion.
Main body Stress your main message, and make
Go into detail about your different sure the audience knows how
topics they can use this message

Task13. Complete the puzzle to find the hidden word.

1 The difference between the amount 1
actually paid for a company and
its book value
2 The ways that goods are delivered to 2
the customer: distribution…
3 Taking control of a company by 3
buying most of its shares: a…
4 Another word for abroad 4

5 A company, piece of land, etc. bought 5

by a company: an…

6 A company’s raw material and finished 6

or unfinished products that
haven’t been sold yet
4. Practice:
Task 14. Work with a partner. Use the role cards in the Partner File to have
a meeting about investing abroad.

Task 15. Output: Read these statements about globalization and the role of
accountants.
Which opinions (if any) do you agree with?
1. Accountants are responsible for reporting on the future profitability of an
international merger or takeover. It is the accountants who produce financial
information so they are best equipped to analyze the numbers of a potential
partner or target. The accountants should see the opportunities for growth.
2. Accountants are only responsible for checking the figures provided by the
company or organization. They have no skill in seeing opportunities for
companies to expand.
3. Accountants have no people skills. They are not trained in the finer art of
communication. They should therefore be left in their offices to punch the
numbers. They can’t be let loose with representatives from the potential
partner !
4. Accountants nowadays have ever-increasing responsibilities. They are on
the boards of directors of companies all over the world. They are involved in
negotiations and meetings every day. They are no longer machines dressed
up in suits. They have had to improve their communication and interpersonal
skills.
5. Accounting rules are basically the same all over. Maybe we’ll have to
learn a few more things, but our job will be basically the same
6. Accounting regulations are different in every country. Globalization will
lead to accountants having to be up to date on the latest developments, and
not only those of the country they work in.
5. Assessment
5.1. Evaluation sheet
EVALUATION SHEET

a. Multiple choice questions (10 points)

1. He stopped…………. on the project after three months because of ill-

health.
A. working B. to work C. worked D. works

2. She was driving in a hurry but she stopped ………..her mobile phone.
A. answering B. to answer C. answered D. answers
3. Did you remember ……………. the customer yesterday?
A. calling B. to call C. called D. calls
4. I can’t remember ………………..you replacement.

A. offering B. to offer C. offering D. offers

5. The sales assistant forgot …………..the customer a discount.
A. giving B. to give C. gave D. gives

b. Oral questions (10 points)

1. How do you think globalization has affected – or will affect – you?
2. What about the next generation of accountants?
3. How do you think their jobs will be different?

5.2. Assessment methods

- Assessment of knowledge: multiple-choice, oral
- Assessment of skills: Practice
TEST YOURSELF!
See how much accounting vocabulary you’ve learned
Use the clues to complete the crossword puzzle
Across
3 The process to reduce the value of an intangible asset to zero, over a
specified number of years
5 Describes how the capital value of an asset goes down over time
7 Happening before something else: a….report or a….meeting
9 Another word for land or buildings
11 The list of people employed and paid by a company
13 The person who examines the business and financial records of a company
or organization
15 Debts of a business
19 The money that a company or organization receives from its business
20 The latest version of an item which, due to new technology or processes,
replaces the older version.
22 Statement of the financial position of a company at a specific time:…sheet
23 Cannot be seen or touched; often used with the word assets
26 The amount of money that a company is owed
Down
1 The process of including the figures of subsidiaries and affiliates in the
accounts of a holding company
2 American English word for stock on hand
4 The expenses of a company which can’t be charged to a particular product,
department, etc:…expenses.
6 A person who lives outside the country for tax reasons (two words)
8 Profits paid to shareholders of a company
10 Adapting a company’s figures to give the best possible
picture:…accounting
12 another word for the purchase of something, such as another company or a
piece of land
14 A piece of business that is done between two parties, such as buying or
selling
16 A person or company that is owed money
17 The money you pay when you buy something:…price
18 A company which is owned by another (parent) company
21 The money spent to buy another company, which is more than the fair value
of the tangible assets.
24 A written contract to rent a piece of equipment or a building for a period of
time
25 Things of value which belong to a company or person
Partner A Partner Files
Unit 5
Times are tough. Costs have to be reduced. Butwhere? As the MD
(Managing Director) of a large international conglomerate, you have to reduce
your budget for next year. Make some notes on how the finance department
can save costs (e.g., less staff, more software), and be prepared to explain your
position in a preliminary meeting with your Chief Financial Officer.
Unit 6
Your work in the finance department of a large U.S. based conglomerate,
and are currently at a trade fair in Valencia. Your boss has asked you to look
out for European companies interested in working with you – your company
needs to get a foothold in the expanding European market. You are about to
meet up with someone from a medium-sized European company which is
looking for investment from abroad. This could be your chance. Your aim in
the meeting is to decide what information you need from the other company,
and what happens next.
Partner B Partner Files
Unit 5
Times are tough. Costs have to be reduced. But where? As the CFO
(Chief Financial Officer) of a large international conglomerate, you have to
defend your budget for next year. Make some notes on why the employees in
your department are so important, and be prepared to defend your position in a
preliminary meeting with your boss, the Managing Director.
Unit 6
You are at a trade fair in Valencia, representing a medium-sized European
company which is looking for investment from abroad. You meet up with a
representative from a large U.S – based conglomerate who sounds interested.
Your aim in the meeting is to decide what information you need from the other
company, and what happens next.
 REFERENCE
[1]. English for Accounting – Oxford Business English- Evan Frendo& Sean
Mahoney.
[2]. /EnglishforthestudentsofAccounting.pdf - Mehdi Nabipour Afrouzi
Lecturer at university - Hooman Shababi Faculty member at Rahedanesh
Institute of Higher Education
[3]. Market Leader (New Edition) – Intermediate Business English Course
Book - David Cotton; David Falvey; Simont Kent.
[4]. Market Leader - Elementary (Từ vựng-ngữ pháp và đề ôn luyện thi trắc
nghiệm) – GS.TS. Nguyễn Trọng Đàn; Ths Bùi Thị Hà; Nguyễn Thanh
Bình; Nguyễn Thị Phượng
[5]. New Cutting Edge – Intermediate – Sarah Cunningham; Peter Moor (with
Frances Eales.
[6]. Oxford Guide to English Grammar – John Eastwood
[7]. https://www.google.com.vn
[8]. https://www.use-in-a-sentencem
[9]. https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/complex_tests/passive1/index.php
[10]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_policy
[11]. http://www.justintimemanagement.com/en/The-7-stages-of-business-life-
cycle
[12]. https://www.businessenglishsite.com/eslbusiness_finance1.ht
APPENDIX 1. ACCOUTING SYSTEMS
1. Tài khoản loại 1: Tài sản ngắn hạn (Short-term assets)

1 111 Cash on hand Tiền mặt

2 1111 Vietnam dong Tiền Việt Nam
3 1112 Foreign currency Ngoại tệ
Gold, metal, precious Vàng bạc, kim khí quý, đá
4 1113
stone quý
5 112 Cash in bank Tiền gửi ngân hàng
6 1121 Vietnam dong Tiền Việt Nam
7 1122 Foreign currency Ngoại tệ
Gold, metal, precious Vàng bạc, kim khí quý, đá
8 1123
stone quý
9 113 Cash in transit Tiền đang chuyển
10 1131 Vietnam dong Tiền Việt Nam
11 1132 Foreign currency Ngoại tệ
Short term securities Đầu tư chứng khoán ngắn
12 121
investment hạn
13 1211 Stock Cổ phiếu
Bond, treasury bill, Trái phiếu, tín phiếu, kỳ
14 1212
exchange bill phiếu
Other short term
15 128 Đầu tư ngắn hạn khác
investment
16 1281 Time deposits Tiền gửi có kỳ hạn
Other short term
17 1288 Đầu tư ngắn hạn khác
investment
Provision short term Dự phòng giảm giá đầu tư
18 129
investment ngắn hạn
 Receivables from
19 131 customers Phải thu
của khách hàng
20 133 VAT deducted Thuế GTGT được khấu trừ
VAT deducted of Thuế GTGT được KT của
21 1331
goods, services hàng hoá, dịch vụ
VAT deducted of Thuế GTGT được khấu trừ
22 1332
fixed assets của TSCĐ
23 136 Internal Receivables Phải thu nội bộ
Working capital from Vốn kinh doanh ở các đơn
24 1361
sub-units vị trực thuộc
Other internal
25 1368 Phải thu nội bộ khác
receivables.
26 138 Other receivables Phải thu khác
Shortage of assets
27 1381 Tài sản thiếu chờ xử lý
awaiting resolution
Privatisation
28 1385 Phải thu về cổ phần hoá
receivables
29 1388 Other receivables Phải thu khác
Provision for bad
30 139 Dự phòng phải thu khó đòi
receivables
Advances (detailed
31 141 Tạm ứng
by receivers)
Short-term prepaid
32 142 Chi phí trả trước ngắn hạn
expenses
Mortage, collateral & Cầm cố, ký cược, ký quỹ
33 144
short term deposits ngắn hạn
Purchased goods in Hàng mua đang đi trên
34 151
transit đường
35 152 Raw materials Nguyên liệu, vật liệu
36 153 Instrument & tools Công cụ, dụng cụ
 Cost for work in Chi phí sản xuất, kinh
37 154
process doanh dở dang
38 155 Finished products Thành phẩm
39 156 Goods Hàng hóa
40 1561 Purchase rate Giá mua hàng hóa
41 1562 Cost for purchase Chi phí thu mua hàng hóa
42 1567 Real estate Hàng hoá bất động sản
Entrusted goods for
43 157 Hàng gửi đi bán
sale
Goods in tax-
suspension
44 158
warehouse Hàng
hoá kho bảo thuế
Provision for Dự phòng giảm giá hàng
45 159
devaluation of stocks tồn kho
Administrative
46 161 Chi sự nghiệp
expenses
Administrative
47 1611 expenses for Chi sự nghiệp năm trước
previous year
Administrative
48 1612 Chi sự nghiệp năm nay
expenses for current
2. Tài khoản loại 2: Tài sản dài hạn (Long-term assets)

1 211 Tangible fixed assets Tài sản cố định hữu hình

Building &
2 2111 Nhà cửa, vật kiến trúc
architectonic model
3 2112 Equipment & machine Máy móc, thiết bị
Transportation & Phương tiện vận tải,
4 2113
transmit instrument truyền dẫn
 Instruments & tools
5 2114 Thiết bị, dụng cụ quản lý
for management
Long term trees,
Cây lâu năm, súc vật làm
6 2115 working & killed
việc và cho sản phẩm
animals
7 2118 Other fixed assets Tài sản cố định khác
Fixed assets of finance Tài sản cố định thuê tài
8 212
leasing chính
9 213 Intangible fixed assets Tài sản cố định vô hình
10 2131 Land using right Quyền sử dụng đất
Establishment &
11 2132 Quyền phát hành
productive right
Bản quyền, bằng sáng
12 2133 Patents & creations
chế
13 2134 Trademark Nhãn hiệu hàng hoá
14 2135 Software Phần mềm máy vi tính
License & concession Giấy phép và giấy phép
15 2136
license nhượng quyền
Other intangible fixed
16 2138 TSCĐ vô hình khác
assets
Depreciation of fixed
17 214 Hao mòn tài sản cố định
assets
Tangible fixed assets
18 2141 Hao mòn TSCĐ hữu hình
depreciation
Financial leasing fixed Hao mòn TSCĐ thuê tài
19 2142
assets depreciation chính
Intangible fixed assets
20 2143 Hao mòn TSCĐ vô hình
depreciation
Investment real estate Hao mòn bất động sản
21 2147
depreciation đầu tư
22 217 Investment real estate Bất động sản đầu tư
 Investment in equity
23 221 Đầu tư vào công ty con
of subsidiaries
Joint venture capital
24 222 Vốn góp liên doanh
contribution
Investment in joint- Đầu tư vào công ty liên
25 223
venture kết
Other long term
26 228 Đầu tư dài hạn khác
investments
27 2281 Stocks Cổ phiếu
27 2281 Stocks Cổ phiếu
28 2282 Bonds Trái phiếu
Other long-term
29 2288 Đầu tư dài hạn khác
investment
Provision for long
Dự phòng giảm giá đầu
30 229 term investment
tư dài hạn
devaluation
Capital construction in
31 241 Xây dựng cơ bản dở dang
process
32 2411 Fixed assets purchases Mua sắm TSCĐ
33 2412 Capital construction Xây dựng cơ bản
Major repair of fixed Sửa chữa lớn tài sản cố
34 2413
assets định
Long-term prepaid
35 242 Chi phí trả trước dài hạn
expenses
Deffered income tax Tài sản thuế thu nhập
36 243
assets hoãn lại
Long term collateral &
37 244 Ký quỹ, ký cược dài hạn
deposit
3. Tài khoản loại 3: Nợ phải trả (Liabilities)
1 311 Short-term loan Vay ngắn hạn
 Long term loans due to Nợ dài hạn đến hạn
2 315
date phải trả
Taxes and payable to Thuế và các khoản phải
3 333
state budget nộp Nhà nước
Value Added Tax Thuế giá trị gia tăng
4 3331
(VAT) phải nộp
5 33311 VAT output Thuế GTGT đầu ra
VAT for imported Thuế GTGT hàng nhập
6 33312
goods khẩu
Special consumption
7 3332 Thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt
tax
8 3333 Import & export duties Thuế xuất, nhập khẩu
Thuế thu nhập doanh
9 3334 Profit tax
nghiệp
10 3335 Personal income tax Thuế thu nhập cá nhân
11 3336 Natural resource tax Thuế tài nguyên
Land & housing tax, Thuế nhà đất, tiền thuê
12 3337
land rental charges đất
13 3338 Other taxes Các loại thuế khác
Fee & charge & other Phí, lệ phí và các
14 3339
payables khoản phải nộp khác
15 334 Payable to employees Phải trả người lao động
16 3341 Payable to employees Phải trả công nhân viên
Payable to other Phải trả người lao động
17 3348
employees khác
18 335 Accruals Chi phí phải trả
19 336 Intercompany payable Phải trả nội bộ
Construction contract Thanh toán theo tiến độ
20 337 progress payment due kế hoạch hợp đồng xây
to customers dựng
 21 338 Other payable Phải trả, phải nộp khác
Surplus assets awaiting Tài sản thừa chờ giải
22 3381
for resolution quyết
23 3382 Trade Union fees Kinh phí công đoàn
24 3383 Social insurance Bảo hiểm xã hội
25 3384 Health insurance Bảo hiểm y tế
26 3385 Privatization payable Phải trả về cổ phần hoá
Short-term deposits Nhận ký quỹ, ký cược
27 3386
received ngắn hạn
Doanh thu chưa thực
28 3387 Unrealized turnover
hiện
29 3388 Other payable Phải trả, phải nộp khác
30 341 Long-term borrowing Vay dài hạn
31 342 Long-term liabilites Nợ dài hạn
32 343 Issued bond Trái phiếu phát hành
33 3431 Bond face value Mệnh giá trái phiếu
34 3432 Bond discount Chiết khấu trái phiếu
35 3433 Additional bond Phụ trội trái phiếu
Long-term deposits Nhận ký quỹ, ký cược
36 344
received dài hạn
Thuế thu nhập hoãn lại
37 347 Deferred income tax
phải trả
Provisions fund for Quỹ dự phòng trợ cấp
38 351
severance allowances mất việc làm
39 352 Provisions for payables Dự phòng phải trả
4. Tài khoản loại 4: Vốn chủ sở hữu (Equity)

1 411 Working capital Nguồn vốn kinh doanh

2 4111 Paid-in capital Vốn đầu tư của chủ sở hữu
 Share premium Công ty
3 4112 Thặng dư vốn cổ phần
cổ phần
4 4118 Other capital Vốn khác
Differences upon asset
5 412 Chênh lệch đánh giá lại tài sản
revaluation
Foreign exchange
6 413 Chênh lệch tỷ giá hối đoái
differences
Foreign exchange
Chênh lệch tỷ giá hối đoái
7 4131 differences revaluation
đánh giá lại cuối năm tài chính
at the end fiscal year
Foreign exchange
differences in period Chênh lệch tỷ giá hối đoái
8 4132
capital construction trong giai đoạn đầu tư XDCB
investment
Investment &
9 414 Quỹ đầu tư phát triển
development funds
10 415 Financial reserve funds Quỹ dự phòng tài chính
Các quỹ khác thuộc vốn chủ sở
11 418 Other funds
hữu
12 419 Stock funds Cổ phiếu quỹ
Undistributed earnings
13 421 Lợi nhuận chưa phân phối
Công ty cổ phần
Previous year Lợi nhuận chưa phân phối năm
14 4211
undistributed earnings trước
This year undistributed Lợi nhuận chưa phân phối năm
15 4212
earnings nay
16 431 Bonus & welfare funds Quỹ khen thưởng, phúc lợi
17 4311 Bonus fund Quỹ khen thưởng
18 4312 Welfare fund Quỹ phúc lợi
Welfare fund used to Quỹ phúc lợi đã hình thành
19 4313
acquire fixed assets TSCĐ
 Construction
Nguồn vốn đầu tư xây dựng cơ
20 441 investment fund áp
bản
dụng cho DNNN
Budget resources Dùng
21 461 Nguồn kinh phí sự nghiệp
cho các C.ty, TC.ty
Precious year budget
Nguồn kinh phí sự nghiệp năm
22 4611 resources có nguồn
trước
kinh phí
This year budget Nguồn kinh phí sự nghiệp năm
23 4612
resources nay
Budget resources used Nguồn kinh phí đã hình thành
24 466
to acquire fixed assets TSCĐ
5. Tài khoản loại 5: Doanh thu (Revenue)
Sales Chi tiết theo yêu Doanh thu bán hàng và cung
1 511
cầu quản lý cấp dịch vụ
2 5111 Goods sale Doanh thu bán hàng hóa
3 5112 Finished product sale Doanh thu bán các thành phẩm
Services sale áp dụng
4 5113 Doanh thu cung cấp dịch vụ
khi có bán hàng nội bộ
5 5114 Subsidization sale Doanh thu trợ cấp, trợ giá
Investment real estate Doanh thu kinh doanh bất
6 5117
sale động sản đầu tư
7 512 Internal gross sales Doanh thu bán hàng nội bộ
8 5121 Goods sale Doanh thu bán hàng hoá
9 5122 Finished product sale Doanh thu bán các thành phẩm
10 5123 Services sale Doanh thu cung cấp dịch vụ
Financial activities
11 515 Doanh thu hoạt động tài chính
income
12 521 Sale discount Chiết khấu thương mại
13 531 Sale returns Hàng bán bị trả lại
 14 532 Devaluation of sale Giảm giá bán hàng
15 611 Purchase Mua hàng
16 6111 Raw material purchases Mua nguyên liệu, vật liệu
17 6112 Goods purchases Mua hàng hóa
Direct raw materials Chi phí nguyên liệu, vật liệu
18 621
cost trực tiếp
19 622 Direct labor cost Chi phí nhân công trực tiếp
Executing machine
20 623 Chi phí sử dụng máy thi công
using cost
22 6231 Labor cost Chi phí nhân công
23 6232 Material cost Chi phí vật liệu
24 6233 Production tool cost Chi phí dụng cụ sản xuất
Executing machine
25 6234 Chi phí khấu hao máy thi công
depreciation
Outside purchasing
26 6237 Chi phí dịch vụ mua ngoài
services cost
Other cost Phương pháp
27 6238 Chi phí bằng tiền khác
kiểm kê định kỳ
1. Tài khoản loại 6: Chi phí sản xuất, kinh doanh (Production costs,
business) :
1 627 General operation cost Chi phí sản xuất chung
2 6271 Employees cost Chi phí nhân viên phân xưởng
3 6272 Material cost Chi phí vật liệu
4 6273 Production tool cost Chi phí dụng cụ sản xuất
5 6274 Fixed asset depreciation Chi phí khấu hao TSCĐ
Outside purchasing
6 6277 Chi phí dịch vụ mua ngoài
services cost
7 6278 Other cost Chi phí bằng tiền khác
8 631 Production cost Giá thành sản xuất
 9 632 Cost of goods sold Giá vốn hàng bán
Financial activities
10 635 Chi phí tài chính
expenses
11 641 Selling expenses Chi phí bán hàng
12 6411 Employees cost Chi phí nhân viên
13 6412 Material, packing cost Chi phí vật liệu, bao bì
14 6413 Tool cost Chi phí dụng cụ, đồ dùng
15 6414 Fixed asset depreciation Chi phí khấu hao TSCĐ
16 6415 Warranty cost Chi phí bảo hành
Outside purchasing
17 6417 Chi phí dịch vụ mua ngoài
services cost
18 6418 Other cost Chi phí bằng tiền khác
General &
19 642 Chi phí quản lý doanh nghiệp
administration expenses
20 6421 Employees cost Chi phí nhân viên quản lý
21 6422 Tools cost Chi phí vật liệu quản lý
22 6423 Stationery cost Chi phí đồ dùng văn phòng
23 6424 Fixed asset depreciation Chi phí khấu hao TSCĐ
24 6425 Taxes, fees, charges
25 6426 Provision cost Chi phí dự phòng
Outside purchasing
26 6427 Chi phí dịch vụ mua ngoài
services cost
27 6428 Other cost Chi phí bằng tiền khác

7. Tài khoản loại 7: Thu nhập khác (Other income)

711 Other income Thu nhập khác

8. Tài khoản loại 8: Chi phí khác (Other expenses)

 1 811 Other expenses Chi phí khác
Business Income tax Chi phí thuế thu nhập doanh
2 821
charge nghiệp
Current business
3 8211 Chi phí thuế TNDN hiện hành
income tax charge
Deffered business
4 8212 Chi phí thuế TNDN hoãn lại
income tax charge

9. Tài khoản loại 9: Xác định kết quả kinh doanh (Determining business
results)
Evaluation of business
911 Xác định kết quả kinh doanh
results

10. Tài khoản loại 0: Tài khoản ngoài bảng (Balance sheet accounts)
1 Operating lease assets Tài sản thuê ngoài
Goods held under trust Vật tư, hàng hóa nhận
2
or for processing giữ hộ, nhận gia công
Goods received on
Hàng hoá nhận bán hộ,
3 consignment for sale,
nhận ký gửi, ký cược
deposit
4 Bad debt written off Nợ khó đòi đã xử lý
5 Foreign currencies Ngoại tệ các loại
Enterprise, project Dự toán chi sự nghiệp,
6
expenditure estimate dự án
7 Operating lease assets Tài sản thuê ngoài
8 Goods held under trust Vật tư, hàng hóa nhận
or for processing giữ hộ, nhận gia công
 APPENDIX 2.
Common basic accounting terms, acronyms and abbreviations

No Short form Full form Definition

1 AR Accounts receivable The amount of money owed by
customers or clients to a business
after goods or services have been
delivered and/or used.
2 ACCG Accounting A systematic way of recording
and
reporting financial transactions for
a business or organization.
3 AP Accounts payable The amount of money a company
owes creditors (suppliers, etc.) in
return for goods and/or services
they have delivered.
4 FA Fixed assets Fixed assets are long-term and
will likely provide benefits to a
company for more than one year,
such as a real estate, land or major
machinery.
CA Current assets Current assets are those that will
be converted to cash within one
year. Typically, this could be
cash, inventory or accounts
receivable.
5 BS Balance sheet A financial report that summarizes
a company's assets (what it owns),
liabilities (what it owes)
and owner or shareholder
equity at a given time.
6 CAP Capital A financial asset or the value of a
financial asset, such as cash or
goods. Working capital is
calculated by taking your current
assets subtracted from current
 liabilities—basically the money or
assets an organization can put to
work.
7 CF Cash flow The revenue or expense expected
to be generated through business
activities (sales, manufacturing,
etc.) over a period of time.
8 CPA Certified public A designation given to an
accountant accountant who has passed a
standardized CPA exam and met
government-mandated work
experience and educational
requirements to become a CPA.
9 COGS Cost of goods sold The direct expenses related to
producing the goods sold by a
business. The formula for
calculating this will depend on
what is being produced, but as an
example this may include the cost
of the raw materials (parts) and
the amount of employee labor
used in production.
10 CR Credit An accounting entry that may
either decrease assets
or increase liabilities and equity
on the company's balance sheet,
depending on the transaction.
When using the double-entry
accounting method there will be
two recorded entries for every
transaction: A credit and a debit.
11 DR Debit An accounting entry where there
is either an increase in assets or
a decrease in liabilities on a
company's balance sheet.
12 Diversification The process of allocating or
spreading capital investments into
varied assets to avoid over-
exposure to risk.
13 EA Enrolled Agent A tax professional who represents
taxpayers in matters where they
are dealing with the Internal
Revenue Service (IRS).
14 FE Fixed Expenses Payments like rent that will
happen in a regularly scheduled
cadence.
VE Variable Expenses Expenses, like labor costs, that
may change in a given time
period.
AE Accued Expense An incurred expense that hasn’t
been paid yet.
OE Operation Expenses Business expenditures not directly
associated with the production of
goods or services—for example,
advertising costs, property taxes
or insurance expenditures.
15 OE Equity and Owner's Equity In the most general sense, equity
is assets minus liabilities. An
owner’s equity is typically
explained in terms of the
percentage of stock a person has
ownership interest in the
company. The owners of the stock
are known as shareholders.
16 GAAP Generally Accepted A set of rules and
Accounting Principles guidelines developed by the
accounting industry for companies
to follow when
reporting financial data.
Following these rules is especially
critical for all publicly traded
companies.
17 GL General Ledger A complete record
of the financial transactions over
the life of a company.
18 CL Current Liabilities Current liabilities are those debts
that are payable within a year,
such as a debt to suppliers.
 LTL Long-Term Liabilities Long-term liabilities are typically
payable over a period of time
greater than one year. An example
of a long-term liability would be a
multi-year mortgage for office
space.
19 LLC Limited Liability An LLC is a corporate structure
Company where members cannot be held
accountable for the company’s
debts or liabilities. This can shield
business owners from losing their
entire life savings if, for example,
someone were to sue the
company.
20 NI Net Income A company's total earnings, also
called net profit. Net
income is calculated by
subtracting total expenses
from total revenues.
21 PV Present Value The current value of a future sum
of money based on a specific rate
of return. Present value helps us
understand how receiving $100
now is worth more than receiving
$100 a year from now, as money
in hand now has the ability to be
invested at a higher rate of return.
22 P&L Profit and Loss statement A financial statement that is used
to summarize a company’s
performance and financial
position by reviewing revenues,
costs and expenses during a
specific period of time, such as
quarterly or annually.
24 ROI Return on investment A measure used to evaluate the
financial performance relative to
the amount of money that was
invested. The ROI is calculated by
dividing the net profit by the cost
of the investment. The result is
 often expressed as a percentage.
25 IFRS International Financial
Reporting Standards
26 IAS International Accounting
Standards
27 IASC International Accounting
Standards Committee
28 CPA Certified Public
Accountant
29 CFO Chief Financial Officer
30 ROE return on equity
31 NAFTA North American Free
Trade Agreement
32 VAT Value Added Tax
33 CEO Chief Executive Officer
 APPENDIX 3. WORD LIST
Unit 1: Accounting
Vocabulary Transcription Speech Vietnamese meaning
accounting [ə'kaunt iŋ] (n) thanh toán/tính toán(tiền nong,
sổ sách)/kế toán
financial [fai'næn∫l] (adj) thuộc về tài chính
process (n) quá trình/quy trình/cách
['prouses]
thức/phương pháp
investor [in'vestə] (n) nhà đầu tư
interpret (v) giải thích/làm sang tỏ/thể
int'ə:prit]
hiện/phiên dịch
record ['rekɔ:d] (v) ghi chép/thu/giữ lại
classify [ˈklæs.ɪ.faɪ] (v) phân loại, xếp loại
summarize [ˈsʌm. ə r.aɪz ] (v) tóm tắt
report [rɪˈpɔːt ] (v) tường thuật, báo cáo
transaction [træn'zæk∫n] (n) giao dịch
method [ˈmeθəd] (n) phương pháp
measure [ˈmeʒə] (n) đo lường, tính toán
describe [disˈkraib] (v) miêu tả
procedure [prəˈsi:dʒə] (n) thủ tục
facility [fəˈsiliti] (n) những điều kiện thuận lợi, thể
thức cho vay
financial [fai'næn∫l; ̗infəˈm (n) thông tin tài chính
information ei∫n]
accounting cycle [əˈkauntiƞˈsaikl] (n) chu kì kế toán
chronological [̗krɔnəˈlɔdʒikəlˈɔ: (n) sự ghi theo thứ tự thời gian
order də]
journals [ˈdʒə:nls] (n) sổ gốc
ledgers [ˈledʒəz] (n) sổ cái
 T-accounts [ti: əˈkaun] (n) tài khoản chữ T
debit side [ˈdebitsaid] (n) bên có
cash flow statement [ˈkæ∫fləʊ (n) báo cáo ngân lưu
ˈsteitmənt]
assets [ˈæsets] (n) tài sản
liabilities [ ̗ laiəˈbilitiz] (n) công nợ
owner’s Equity [ˈounə s ˈekwiti] (n) vốn của chủ
credit side [ˈkreditsaid] (n) bên có
internal control [inˈtə:nl (n) kiểm soát nội bộ
kənˈtroul]
decision makers [di ̗ siʒnˈmeikəz] (n) người ra quyết định
managerial [ ̗mænəˈdʒiəriəl (n) kế toán quản lý, quản trị
accounting əˈkauntiƞ]
accounting [əˈkauntiƞ (n) chuẩn mực và khái niệm kế
standards and ˈstændəds ænd toán
concepts ˈkɔnsepts]
GAAP – General Accept Accounting Principles quy tắc kế toán được công
nhận

Unit 2: Income Statement

Vocabulary Transcription Speech Vietnamese meaning

income statement [ˈinkʌm (n) báo cáo kết quả kinh doanh
ˈsteitmənt]
item [ˈaitəm] (n) chỉ tiêu, mục
code [koud] (n) mã
revenue [ˈrevənju:] (n) doanh thu
deduction [diˈdʌk ʃn] (n) các khoản giảm trừ
net revenue [net ˈrevənju:] (n) doanh thu thuần
goods [gʊdz] (n) hàng hóa
render [ˈrendə] (n) cung cấp
service [ˈsə:vis] (n) dịch vụ
cost [koud] (n) giá
gross profit [grəʊs ˈprɔfit] (n) lợi nhuận gộp
financial income [faiˈnæn∫l ˈinkʌm] (n) doanh thu hoạt động tài
chính
financial expense [faiˈnæn∫l (n) chi phí tài chính
iksˈpens]
interest expense [ˈintrəst iksˈpens] (n) chi phí lãi vay
Operating profit [ˈɔpəreitiŋˈprɔfit] (n) lợi nhuận thuần từ hoạt động
kinh doanh
income [ˈinkʌm] (n) thu nhập
net profit [et ˈprɔfit] (n) tổng lợi nhuận kế toán
share [∫eə] (n) cổ phiếu
basic earnings [ˈbeisik ˈəniŋz] (n) lãi cơ bản
net income [net ˈinkʌm] (n) Thu nhập thuần
expense [iksˈpens] (n) Chi phí

Unit 3: Management Accounting

Vocabulary Transcription Speech Vietnamese meaning

management accountant [' mænɪdʒmənt , (n) Kế toán tài chính
əˈkauntənt]
operating activities / 'ɔpəreitiŋ (n) hoạt động kinh doanh
ækˈtɪvɪtiz/
investing activities /in'vestiŋ (n) hoạt động đầu tư
ækˈtɪvɪtiz/
financing activities /ˈfaɪnænsiŋ (n) hoạt động tài chính
ækˈtɪvɪtiz/
decrease / 'di:kri:s / (v) giảm
increase / 'ɪŋkri:s / (v) tăng
manufacturing [mænjuˈfæktʃəriŋ] (n) Sản xuất
make decision [meɪk diˈsɪʒn ] (n) Thực thi quyết định
financial data [faiˈnænʃl ˈdeɪ.tə] (n) Chỉ số tài chính
financial [faiˈnænʃl (n) Hiệu quả tài chính
performance pəˈfɔːməns]

employer [im'plɔiə] (n) Người sử dụng lao động

employee [implɔi'i:] (n) Người lao động
customer ['kʌstəmə] (n) Khách hàng
profit ['prɔfit] (n) Lợi nhuận/tiền lãi/tiền
lời
breakdown ['breikdaunt] (n) Phân tích thống kê
supply [sə'plai] (n) Cung cấp
allocate ['æləkeit] (v) Chỉ định/dùng số
tiềnvào việc gì/phân
phối/phân phát/chia
phần
cash flow [kæ∫ flou] (n) Luồng tiền mặt
amortization [ə,mɔ:ti'zeiʃn] (n) Trả dần/trừ dần (món
nợ)/sự truyền lại/để lại
(tài sản)
dividend ['dividend] (n) Lãi cổ phần/Cổ tức
net earning [net ,ə:niŋz] (n) Lãi ròng (kinh doanh)
depreciation [di,pri:ʃi'eiʃn] (n) Sự khấu hao/mất
giá/giảm giá
deferred income taxes [di'f ə:d 'inkʌm (n) Thuế thu nhập chưa
'tæksiz] thanh toán
management accountant [' mænɪdʒmənt , (n) Kế toán tài chính
əˈkauntənt]
manufacturing [mænjuˈfæktʃəriŋ] (n) Sản xuất
make decision [meɪk diˈsɪʒn ] (n) Thực thi quyết định
financial data [faiˈnænʃl ˈdeɪ.tə] (n) Chỉ số tài chính

Unit 4: Investment

Vocabulary Transcription Speech Vietnamese meaning

Accounting [ə'kautiŋ (n) Quy tắc kế toán
regulation ,regju'lei∫n]

acquire [ə'kwaiə] (v) Được/giành được/ thu được,

kiếm được
legislate ['leʒisleit] (v) Làm luật/lập pháp
profitability ['prɔfitə'biləti] (n) Sự có lãi/tình trạng thu được
nhiều lãi
international merger [,intə'næ∫ənl (n) Liên doanh quốc tế
'mə:dʒə]
figure ['figə] (n,v) Noun: Con số/số tiền/giá cả
Verb: suy nghĩ/tính toán
opportunity [,ɔpə'tju:niti] (n) Cơ hội/thời cơ
responsibility [ri,spɔnsə'biləti] (n) Trách nhiệm/tinh thần trách
nhiệm
communication [kə,mju:ni'kei∫n] (n) Truyền đạt/trao đổi thông tin
representative [,repri'zentətiv] (adj, n) Adjective: Miêu tả, thể hiện,
 tiêu biểu, điển hình
Noun: Người đại diện/đại
lý của một hãng
interpersonal skill [,intə'pə:snl skil] (n) Kỹ năng cá nhân
globalization [,gləʊbəlai'zei∫n] (n) Toàn cầu hóa
actually ['æktjuəli] (adv) Thực sự/thực tế/thậm chí
distribution [,distri'bju:∫n] (n) Phân phối/lưu thông sản
phẩm
description [di'skrip∫n] (n) Diễn tả/mô tả/hạng/loại
research [ri'sə:t∫] (n) Điều tra/nghiên cứu
ignore [ig'nɔ:] (v) Không để ý/lờ đi
accounting regulation [ə'kautiŋ (n) Quy tắc kế toán
,regju'lei∫n]

acquire [ə'kwaiə] (v) Được/giành được/ thu được,

kiếm được
legislate ['leʒisleit] (v) Làm luật/lập pháp
profitability ['prɔfitə'biləti] (n) Sự có lãi/tình trạng thu được
nhiều lãi
international merger [,intə'næ∫ənl (n) Liên doanh quốc tế
'mə:dʒə]
figure ['figə] (n,v) Noun: Con số/số tiền/giá cả
Verb: suy nghĩ/tính toán
 APPENDIX 4. ANSWER KEYS
Unit 1:
Task 1. Match each definition with the letter of one of the following.
1. accounting h. The activity of keeping detailed
records of the amounts of money
a business or person receives and
spend
2. balance sheet e. statement of the financial
position of a company at a
particular time
3. assets f. something that is legally owned
by a person or company
4. liabilities b. debt of a business
5. equity c. the value of a company that is
the property of its shareholders
6. record g. enter transactions in
journals in chronological
order
7. classify d. post entries from journals to
specific accounts
8. summarize a. prepare financial statement

Unit 3:
Task1:
Customers
Costs per customer
Employees
Profit per employee
Overheads
Breakdown of overhead expenses
Allocation of overhead expenses to product
Task2:
1 Allocation 5 Information

2 Complete 6 Production/product

3 Cost 7 Profitable

4 Employee 8 Sale
A Employ E Profit

B Information F Allocated

C Produces/sells G Complete/produce

D Costly H Sales

Task 4: 1 × 4 √ 7 ×
2 √ 5 × 8 ×
3 √ 6 ×
Task 5:
1 D 2 G 3 H 4 E
5 B 6 F 7 C 8 A
Task 6:
1 B 2 E 3 F 4 A
5 D 6 C
Task 7:
A 5 B 1 C 2 D 3 E 4

1 Cash 2 Confidence 3 Cutting

b
a
c
k
 4 Forecasts 5 Hard 6 Service

7 Raise 8 Tight

Task 8: 1 Next item 5 Cut back

2 Economic 6 Hard times

conditions
3 Investment plan 7 Middle term

4 Negative outlook 8 Capital markets

Task 9: Starting objectives:

1. We have to make a decision today about…
4. What I want to look at is…
13 Our aim today is to…
Asking for contributions:
3 Anything to add, Harry?
15 Sally?
Moving on:
9 Shall we move on to the next item?
11 I’d like to move on if I may
12 Perhaps we could discuss that at lunch?
Dealing with communication problems:
2 So, in other words…
5 Can you say that again?
6 You did say the 24th , didn’t you?
8 What I’m saying is…
14 I didn’t quite catch that
Summarizing:
7 Let me just go over what we have agreed
10 To sum up then, …
UNIT 4
Starter: Possible answers:
* What is the profitability of the company over the last years, and has it been
stable?
* How experienced is the workforce, and how good are their English skills?
* How modern are the machines and working sites of the company?
Task 1:
1 Better to invest in a existing business
2 Buy the company or only the assets
3 The due diligence process
4 Takeover rules
5 European Union regulations
6 The accounting regulations
7 Accounting regulations
8 The effect of the acquisition on the balance sheet
9 The goodwill component
Task 2:
A Acquisition B Agree C Consider
D Discussion E Invest F Legislation
G Think H Utilize
1 Think 2 Investment 3 Acquire
4 Agreement 5 Invest 6 Legislation
7 Discuss 8 Thoughts
Task 3: Rocco is probably the CFO of the subsidiary
Task 4:
1 False: Marco is the head of the company and Rocco is probably the CFO
there
2 False: The British company hasn’t agreed to the plan yet
3 True
4 True
5 True
6 False: He/she doesn’t mention this in the email
7 False: He/she hasn’t given a deadline but will be away in the first two weeks
of December
Task 5: 1 Financial 4 Goodwill
instru
ments
2 Taxation 5 Leased
syste produ
m cts
3 Income 6 Inventory
state
ments
Task 6:

Major Acquire Capital Requirements

Balance Require Average Disclosure

Profit Different Develop

Measure Actually Taxation

Value

Task 7:
1 She is probably a cross-cultural trainer, or an academic working in the
field of cross culture.
2 Intercultural issues facing enterprises with cross-border interests.
 3 She will give them information which will help them in their dealings
abroad
4 Into three parts: general issues faced by managers, some issues in more
detail, ways to approach problems to create successful international
teams
5 No
1 Globalization 2 Buzzword 3 expand
4 Borders 5 Mergers 6 Management
7 Intercultural 8 Environment 9 Affect
10 Cultures
Task 8:
1 If you don’t mind, I would prefer to answer any questions you may
have at the end.
2 I will now be happy to take any questions.
3 There’ll be three parts to my presentation
4 I’ll start with a short description of the general issues.
5 Then we’ll look at some of the issues in more detail
6 Finally we’ll look at how you can create successful international teams
7 There’s no need to take notes unless you really want to
9 1 Goodwill 3 Takeover 5 Acquisition
2 Channels 4 Overseas 6 Inventory
Hidden word = invest
 Test yourself
Across Down
3 Amortization 1 Consolidation
5 Depreciation 2 Inventory
7 Preliminary 4 Overhead
9 Property 6 Tax exile
11 Payroll 8 Dividends
13 Auditor 10 Creative
15 Liabilities 12 Acquisition
19 Revenue 14 Transaction
20 Upgrade 16 Creditor
22 Balance 17 Purchase
23 Intangible 18 Subsidiary
26 Receivables 21 Goodwill
24 Lease
 APPENDIX 5. TRANSCRIPTS
UNIT 3, EXERCISE 1
Audio 17 I’m sorry, but the external accounts don’t help me much.
Manager Doesn’t matter if they’re in English or Chinese. I need
information from you which will help me run this
department.
CFO What exactly would you like?
Manager Well, for example, I need something which tells me about the
profit we make on our customers, with some sort of
breakdown based on the size of the company. I want to
compare the money we make to the size of the
customer.
CFO Sure. We can do that. And how about the costs per customer?
Manager Exactly. How much we spend on each customer, compared to
the size of their orders.
CFO That should be possible
Manager Great. Also, the profit made per employee. I would like to
know where we are profitable and with which
employees we make our money.
CFO You realize that this is going to be a lot of work for my
department
Manager Yes, I know. But it’s very important for me. Can I also have a
complete breakdown of our overhead expenses, and the
allocation of them to each of the products that we sell?
CFO OK. How would you like all this information to be presented?
Manager In plain English, please. So that even I can understand it.
UNIT 3, EXERCISE 7
Audio 18 So, we’ve agreed that Sally’s team will produce those figures
Beatrice by the end of the month. Got that? Good. OK, I’d like to
move to the next item on the agenda, which is the
budget for the upcoming year. Peter, would you please
 give a short overview of your research into the market,
and your conclusions?
Peter Sure. As you all know, my department has been extensively
researching the market and the economic conditions
we’ll be facing in the short term. It’s quite clear that
events of recent years have unsettled the market greatly.
Both investors and consumers are convinced that it
won’t get better, probably for a long time. Investors are
looking for solid companies, and consumers don’t just
throw their cash around like they used to. We think that
the situation will remain like it is in the middle term.
This is a time for consolidation, not expansion.
Beatrice Simon, what does R&D think about this?
Simon It’s a pretty negative outlook. We’ve been working really hard
to come up with some great ideas, and maybe now’s the
time to launch some of our new products.
Gavin And our investment program has been ready to go for months.
We can’t just wait and hope that things get better. Our
strategy has always been to lead the market, not sit back
and cruise along.
Beatrice Peter?
Peter Ideas and investments don’t mean cash in the bank. Consumers
simply don’t have the confidence to spend their money
on fancy new products. And as for expansion, I think the
good old days are long gone. We should be cutting back.
Beatrice Sally, how do you feel about all this?
Sally We’re talking about budgets for the upcoming year.
Everybody’s forecasts seem to indicate hard times
ahead. And we don’t even have the money to spend.
How are we going to serve more debt, or raise more
cash in the capital markets?
Beatrice So, despite our great ideas and investment plans, it seems the
reality is that our budgets for this year will have to be
tight.
 Audio 19 Ideas and investments don’t mean cash in the bank. Consumers
Peter simply don’t have the confidence to spend their money
on fancy new products. And as for expansion, I think the
good old days are long gone. We should be cutting back.
Beatrice Sally, how do you feel about all this?
Sally We’re talking about budgets for the upcoming year.
Everybody’s forecasts seem to indicate hard times
ahead. And we don’t even have the money to spend.
How are we going to service more debt, or raise more
cash in the capital markets?
Beatrice So, despite our great ideas and investment plans, it seems the
reality is that our budgets for this year will have to be
tight.
UNIT 4, EXERCISE 1
Audio 20 So, can we agree at least that it will be most cost effective to
Anne invest in an existing business? That way, we will be able
to utilize the local knowledge of the personnel currently
running the business.
Luis Yeah, I think so. The question is how exactly. Do we buy the
company or only the assets? There’s a lot to think about.
For instance, the due diligence process, although that
won’t affect the mechanics of our acquisition. What will
we have to consider, Allen? You’re the international
lawyer.
Allen Lots of things, takeover rules, European Union regulation on
competition and the accounting legislation. Dana, can
you tell us something about that?
Dana Actually, the accounting regulations aren’t such a big issue.
More important will be the effect of our acquisition on
our balance sheet. The goodwill component is huge and
we have to aware of the impact this is going to have.
That’ll be an interesting discussion with the auditors.
UNIT 4, EXERCISE 4
 Audio 21 If we are thinking about raising capital in overseas market, the
reporting requirements of those markets are obviously
important. I’ve summarized some of the major points on
this slide – let’s go through them briefly
1 It may be possible to measure all of these at their fair value,
which would allow the recognition of unrealized gains.
2 This may have been developed completely separately from the
accounting systems, and may provide considerable
opportunities for taxation planning.
3 Typical of these is the Profit and Loss Account.
4 This can be acquired or self-generated – of course, it may have
to be recognized as an asset, if certain criteria are met.
5 Here we’re talking about things which we don’t actually own –
they go back to their owners after a certain amount of
time. They require different disclosure in the Balance
Sheet, and the GAAP of different countries can require
different classification, normally finance or operating.
6 The methods used to measure this can vary considerably. The
normal ones are FIFO, which means “first in first out”,
LIFO or “Last in first out”, or average cost, which is
somewhere between the two. All give a different value
for what we hold.
UNIT 4, EXERCISE 6
Audio 22 Good morning, ladies and gentleman. My name is Kathryn
Part 1 Smithson. I’d like to thank you first of all for giving me the
opportunity to come here today and talk to you about the
international issues facing enterprises with cross-border
interests. Although I am not an accountant, I hope to give you
some information, which will help you in your dealings
abroad. If you don’t mind, I would prefer to answer any
questions you may have at the end.
There’ll be three parts to my presentation. I’ll start with a short
description of the general issues faced by managers today.
Then we’ll look at some of the issues in more detail using
 some of the data I have collected. Finally we’ll look at how
you can approach these problems and create successful
international teams. There’ll be a comprehensive hand-out at
the end, so there’s no need to take notes unless you really want
to.
Audio 23 So, what can we conclude from all this? We all know that
Part 2 globalization has been a buzzword for many years now. All of
us have been involved in or seen companies expand across
borderland we have seen some mergers collapse, I think that
my research has shown that one of the main reasons for such
collapses is that management has ignored the intercultural
factors facing the members of teams working in an
intercultural environment. I hope my presentation has made
you aware of some of the factors which affect the ability of
people from different cultures to work together.
I will now be happy to take any questions from the floor, and
perhaps even discuss some of these issues further. Yes, the
gentleman on the right?
 Appendix 6. TABLE OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Động từ Thể quá khứ Quá khứ phân

Nghĩa của động từ
nguyên mẫu từ (PII)

arise arose arisen phát sinh

awake awoke awoken đánh thức, thức

be was/were been thì, là, bị, ở

bear bore borne mang, chịu đựng

become became become trở nên

begin began begun bắt đầu

bend bent bent bẻ cong

bleed bled bled chảy máu

blow blew blown thổi

break broke broken đập vỡ

bring brought brought mang đến

broadcast broadcast broadcast phát thanh

build built built xây dựng

burn burnt/burned burnt/burned đốt, cháy

buy bought bought mua

cast cast cast ném, tung, đúc

catch caught caught bắt, chụp

choose chose chosen chọn, lựa

come came come đến, đi đến

cost cost cost có giá là

cut cut cut cắn, chặt

dig dug dug đào

dive dove/ dived dived lặn, lao xuống

draw drew drawn vẽ, kéo

dreamt/
dream dreamt/ dreamed mơ thấy
dreamed

drink drank drunk uống

drive drove driven lái xe

fall fell fallen ngã, rơi

feel felt felt cảm thấy

fight fought fought chiến đấu

find found found tìm thấy, thấy

fly flew flown bay

forbid forbade/ forbad forbidden cấm, cấm đoán

forecast/
forecast forecast/ forecasted tiên đoán
forecasted

forget forgot forgotten quên

forgive forgave forgiven tha thứ

freeze froze frozen (làm) đông lại

get got got/ gotten có được

give gave given cho

go went gone đi

grind ground ground nghiền, xay

grow grew grown mọc, trồng

hang hung hung móc lên, treo lên

hear heard heard nghe

heave hove/ heaved hove/ heaved trục lên

hide hid hidden giấu, trốn, nấp

hit hit hit đụng

hurt hurt hurt làm đau

keep kept kept giữ

kneel knelt/ kneeled knelt/ kneeled quỳ

know knew known biết, quen biết

lay laid laid đặt, để

lead led led dẫn dắt, lãnh đạo

learn learnt/ learned learnt/ learned học, được biết

leave left left ra đi, để lại

lend lent lent cho mượn (vay)

let let let cho phép, để cho

lie lay lain nằm

light lit/ lighted lit/ lighted thắp sang

lose lost lost làm mất, mất

make made made chế tạo, sản xuất

mean meant meant có nghĩa là

meet met met gặp mặt

mistake mistook mistaken phạm lỗi, lầm lẫn

misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood hiểu lầm

overcome overcame overcome khắc phục

overlay overlaid overlaid phủ lên

overthrow overthrew overthrown lật đổ

pay paid paid trả (tiền)

prove proved proven/proved chứng minh (tỏ)

put put put đặt; để

read / riːd / read /red / read / red / đọc

rebuild rebuilt rebuilt xây dựng lại

remake remade remade làm lại; chế tạo lại

rend rent rent toạc ra; xé

repay repaid repaid hoàn tiền lại

rewrite rewrote rewritten viết lại

ride rode ridden cưỡi

ring rang rung rung chuông

rise rose risen đứng dậy; mọc

run ran run chạy

say said said nói

see saw seen nhìn thấy

seek sought sought tìm kiếm

sell sold sold bán

send sent sent gửi

shake shook shaken lay; lắc

shine shone shone chiếu sang

show showed shown/ showed cho xem

shut shut shut đóng lại

sing sang sung ca hát

sink sank sunk chìm; lặn

sit sat sat ngồi

sleep slept slept ngủ

slide slid slid trượt; lướt

smell smelt smelt ngửi

speak spoke spoken nói

speed sped/ speeded sped/ speeded chạy vụt

spell spelt/ spelled spelt/ spelled đánh vần

spend spent spent tiêu sài

spill spilt/ spilled spilt/ spilled tràn; đổ ra

spoil spoilt/ spoiled spoilt/ spoiled làm hỏng

spread spread spread lan truyền

stand stood stood đứng

stave stove/ staved stove/ staved đâm thủng

steal stole stolen đánh cắp

stick stuck stuck ghim vào; đính

strike struck struck đánh đập

sweep swept swept quét

swell swelled swollen/ swelled phồng; sưng

swim swam swum bơi lội

swing swung swung đong đưa

take took taken cầm; lấy

teach taught taught dạy; giảng dạy

tear tore torn xé; rách

tell told told kể; bảo

think thought thought suy nghĩ

throw threw thrown ném; liệng

underlie underlay underlain nằm dưới

understand understood understood hiểu

undertake undertook undertaken đảm nhận

underwrite underwrote underwritten bảo hiểm

unfreeze unfroze unfrozen làm tan đông

wake woke/ waked woken/ waked thức giấc

wear wore worn mặc

wet wet / wetted wet / wetted làm ướt

win won won chiến thắng

wind wound wound quấn

write wrote written viết