ICT:

Emerging Technological
Trends and Society
TuK

Diptech IT/CT/CN Year III Term 1

002: COMPUTER H/W, S/W AND INTERNET

CONNECTIVITY TRENDS

SUBJECT CODE: ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204

ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204
LECTURE OUTLINE ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

1) computer software trends

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke

2) memory & storage trends

3) Processor trends
4)Internet Connectivity trends
5) Q & A
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF
ABEQ 4351 3204 http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

RECOMMENDED READING CHAPTER FROM RECOMMENDED BOOK

1. Fawad A Khan, Jason M Anderson "Digital Transformation Using Emerging
Technologies:- A CxO's Guide To Transform Your Organization" Independently
Published 2021
2, Sarah Pink "Emerging Technologies/Life at the Edge of the Future" Routledge 2022
3. Kelly and Zach Weinersmith "Soonish: Ten Emerging Technologies That'll Improve
and/or Ruin Everything" Penguin Press 2017
4. Schwab,Klaus “The Fourth Industrial Revolution”, 2018.
5. Rotolo, D., Hicks, D., Martin, B. R., “what is an emerging technology?” Research Policy
44(10): 1827-1843.
6. Joy, Bill, “Why the future doesn’t need us”, Bill Joy, Wired Magazine”, 2000
7. Messerly, John G. “I’m glad the future doesn’t need us: a critique of Joy’s pessimistic
futurism” ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society, Volume 33, Issue 2, 2003
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

COMPUTER

AND I.T.

TRENDS

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ● STACK OVERFLOW 10 most Popular languages of 2022:-
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ● 10 Net Emerging Trend Programming languages 2023:-
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

EMERGING COMPUTER S/W PROGRAMMING TRENDS

SOFTWARE TRENDS:- WHY ARE THEY CONSIDERED ETT’s
F#
● WHAT IS IT:- An open-source,cross-platform JavaScript and
.NET language

● WHAT DOES IT DO:Hybrid between general and functional language

for web, cloud, data-science, apps etc

● WHY IS IT ETT? simple and succinct like Python, correctness,

robustness and performance beyond C# or Java., compatible with
databases, websites .NET entities.

● UNIQUE FEATURES:-.avoids clutter (semicolons, curly brackets etc) so

developers don’t have to clarify object type, tasks (e.g. list processing, applying
complex type definitions etc). are easier, strong type system roots out common errors
etc.
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society
THE CURRENT COMPUTER SOFTWARE TRENDS
S/W TRENDS:-WHAT MAKES A LANGUAGE POPULAR AND EMERGING TECH?

● Is the language usable both at

the frontend and backend?

● Does the language use the same

code for both the client and the
server?
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society
THE CURRENT COMPUTER SOFTWARE TRENDS
S/W TRENDS:-WHAT MAKES A LANGUAGE POPULAR AND EMERGING TECH?
● Is the Language easy to read, write, fast to code in, have a small % of bugs and open source?
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society
THE CURRENT COMPUTER SOFTWARE TRENDS
S/W TRENDS:-WHAT MAKES A LANGUAGE POPULAR AND EMERGING TECH?
● Does the language offer a wide range of application usage?
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204
THE CURRENT COMPUTER S/W TRENDS -S.D.L.C
Software development methodology are the frameworks used to
structure, plan, and control the process of developing an information
system.

5. Prototype 5. Dynamic
1. Agile
6. Feature 6. Extreme
2. DevOps
7. Rapid 7. Joint
3. Scrum
prototype,
8. Lean
4. Waterfall
8. Spiral

ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society
THE CURRENT COMPUTER S/W TRENDS -S.D.L.C
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

CURRENT SDLCs: DISADVANTAGES

1. Too much work on 4. Good for small, fast moving
software rather than projects
documentation (lack of
documentation) 5. Documentation occupies a
large amount of time rather
than coding
2. Difficult to assess
effort required at 6. Too much client involvement
beginning
7. Some work well in certain
projects, depending on the
3. Speed and security not nature of the project,
always achieved others more suited to
particular projects
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

EMERGING TREND FUTURE OF SDLCs

1. BLOCKCHAIN ORIENTED SOFTWARE SYSTEMS (BOS)

BOS Vs TRADITIONAL SDLC

-Data Replication: BOS replicates
data and stores it in thousands of
systems(ensuring data security) Each
node has a copy of blockchain code.

-Requirement Checks: BOS checks

transaction requirements before
processing for validation
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

EMERGING TREND FUTURE OF SDLCs

1. BLOCKCHAIN ORIENTED SOFTWARE SYSTEMS (BOSS)

BOSS Vs TRADITIONAL SDLC

-Transaction Recording: BOS records
transactions in a sequential log of interlinked
blocks created by a consensus algorithm.

-Public-Key Cryptography: Transactions

are based on public-key cryptography.
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

THE FUTURE OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE TRENDS

LOW CODE (LCD) AND NO CODE (NCD) DEVELOPMENT

Type of RAD visual software development environment (VSDE)

Uses DAD GUI

Create mobile or web apps by dragging, dropping AND connecting

application components together

No hand/hard-coding

No complex programming language

ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

THE FUTURE OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE TRENDS

LOW CODE DEVELOPMENT (LCD) AND NO CODE DEVELOPMENT
Visualize applications without writing complex code ;
Makes it easy to code by eliminating pre-requirement of complex
coding

Does not require expertise to build software applications in the cloud

ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

THE FUTURE OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE TRENDS

*(Examples:-App
Sheet, Mendix,
AppMakr, Infinite
Monkeys)* -
easy to read,
write, code
backend and
front end and
deploy cross
platform
http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204
THE FUTURE OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE TRENDS

WHY LOW CODE DEVELOPMENT (LCD) AND NO CODE

DEVELOPMENT

The average app lifecycle is getting shorter

Shortage of app developers

Traditional s/w development requires teams of dedicated coders

Expensive

Time-consuming

A Barrier to entry for new developers

ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

THE FUTURE OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE TRENDS

ADVANTAGES OF
LCD & NCD

Quickly transforms
ideas into
prototypes OR
entire applications
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

DATA STORAGE TRENDS

 HDD:How it works
● Hard drives contain one or more magnetic silver platters ( 4)

● Platters (4) are divided into billions of tiny areas

● (4) rotates upto 10,000 RPM

● Information in these areas is stored magnetically in binary
form

● Actuator (1) moves the read-write arm (2)

● 1 positions 2 more quickly/precisely/reliably (less sensitive

to temp. variations)
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

THE FUTURE:PREDICTING COMPUTER STORAGE AND

MEMORY TRENDS
-Over 11 trillion gigabytes of data exist in the world today

-2.5 million gigabytes more added each day

-Current data storage media available in the world cannot keep

up with this massive increase.
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society
DATA STORAGE TRENDS FOR THE FUTURE
1) DNA (de-oxy-ribo-nucleic-acid) DATA STORAGE

-DNA is a complex organic molecule found in humans

-Carries and stores genetic information of living things e.g.

skin color, eye color, height etc. (physical and biological
traits)

-To store data in DNA is a process involving use of DNA

molecules as storage medium.

-Unlike optical and magnetic storage DNA data isn't stored

in binary digits (i.e., 1s and 0s) but encoded into DNA
nucleotide bases (A, C, G, T) before storage.

-(A, C, G, T) converted to (1s and 0s) when needed.

 ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society
DATA STORAGE TRENDS FOR THE FUTURE
1) DNA (de-oxy-ribo-nucleic-acid) DATA STORAGE

-DNA HDD = size of teaspoon

-In 2012 Harvard researchers encoded DNA with:

i) 11 (eleven) JPEG images

ii) 1(one) HTML book of 53,400 words

iii) 1 (one) JavaScript program.

-DNA has high storage density (i.e. 2.2 petabytes per gram)
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

DATA STORAGE TRENDS FOR THE FUTURE

1) DNA (de-oxy-ribo-nucleic-acid) DATA STORAGE

DNA hard drive (teaspoon) can store all the world’s data (11 trillion gigabytes of every
song ever composed, book ever written, video ever recorded etc)
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

DATA STORAGE TRENDS FOR THE FUTURE

1) DNA (de-oxy-ribo-nucleic-acid) DATA STORAGE

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
-Saves space
-Extremely long time to
-Ideal for long-term storage (DNA can
exist read and write;
400,000,000 years later Vs current HDDs
which last only four years!

-Optical disks susceptible to heat &

-yet too expensive to be
humidity compared to DNA usable now:
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

THE FUTURE:PREDICTING COMPUTER SEMICONDUCTOR

ELECTRONIC TRENDS
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

PAST AND CURRENT PROCESSOR TRENDS

MOORE’S “LAW” 19TH CENTURY Vs MOORE’s LAW 21ST CENTURY
• Well thought out observation

• Allows OEM’s to pack in more power

• Now coming to an end-i.e. slowing down

• Processing power will now double once every 2.5- 3 years

ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society
MOORE’S LAW GRAPH 21st CENTURY
● Recent ICs now hold 1
billion + transistors

● Growth in IC complexity
slowly ending due to:-

-Physical characteristics of
atomic structure of ICs,

-Cost of equipment &

facilities required to
fabricate
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society
PAST AND CURRENT PROCESSOR TRENDS

MOORE’S “LAW” 19TH CENTURY Vs MOORE’s LAW 21ST CENTURY

WHY IS IT SLOWING DOWN/ENDING?
• Processors are smaller to accommodate more transistors.

• Result:- Better performance

• Effect:- Increase in temperature requiring massive cooling.

• Solution:- Don’t increase clock speeds instead introduce multiple-core chips

• Summary:- Silicon chips can’t be clocked faster due to the laws of

physics.
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society
MOORE’S LAW GRAPH 21st CENTURY
 UNDERSTANDING THE CORES:-HOW PROCESSORS LOOKED IN 21st
CENTURY
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society
 UNDERSTANDING THE CORES:-INTEL FAMILY GENERATION LINE
UNDERSTANDING INTEL GENERATIONS FAMILY LINE
st
● 1 Generation Nehalem ● 5th Generation Broadwell
2010 2015
● 2nd Generation Sandy ● 6th Generation Skylake
Bridge 2015
2011 ● 7th Generation Kaby Lake
● 3rd Generation Ivy 2016
Bridge ● 8th Generation Kaby Lake ‘R’
2012 2017
● 4th Generation Haswell ● 9th Generation Coffee Lake
2013 2017
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society
 UNDERSTANDING THE CORES:-PROCESSORS
UNDERSTANDING INTEL GENERATIONS FAMILY LINE

● 10th Generation Canon ● 11th Generation Tiger Lake

Lake/Ice Lake (Intel).....2019-2020 I-core 9 or i
2017/2018 core 11,
● nanometer architecture process
of 7nm or 5nm,
● DDR 6 L4 or L5 Cache (RAM)
● 12th Generation ● speed of processing 5x 10TH
GEN
Sapphire Rapids
2021-?
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204
PROCESSOR TRENDS FOR THE FUTURE
UNDERSTANDING INTEL GENERATIONS FAMILY LINE
● 11th Generation Tiger Lake Intel processor
microarchitecture

Third generation 10-nm transistor

technology.

Up to 30% performance gains

compared to predecessor Cannon Lake

New L4 cache for further performance

boosts.
ICT: Emerging Tech & Society
 PROCESSORS
UNDERSTANDING INTEL GENERATIONS FAMILY LINE
● 12th Generation Sapphire Rapids Intel
processor micro-architecture

Possible refinement of 10-nm technology

May also be an all-new 7-nm process.

Could also introduce all-new (DDR5) RAM

support
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

THE FUTURE:PREDICTING INTERNET CONNECTIVITY

TRENDS
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

NIELSEN’S LAW OF INTERNET BANDWIDTH

● Bandwidth connection speed grows 50% every year
● 10% slower than Moore's Law for computer speed (computers
double capability every 18 months (50% annual growth))

● WHY? Bandwidth slower than computer power:-

a. Conservatism of telecom companies,
b. User reluctance to spend money on bandwidth,
c. Broader user base:-
a. Spread costs among many users to recover profit
b. Competition among telcos)
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204
ICT: Emerging Tech & Society
MOORE’S LAW NIELSEN’S LAW
ECIE/ECCE/ECSF 3204 ICT: Emerging Tech & Society

QUESTION & ANSWER SESSION

ANY
QUESTIONS
?

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke