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Assignment 6 - External Flow-1

1. The document discusses several problems involving heat transfer and fluid flow, including: calculating the maximum power allowed for an array of silicon chips cooled by air flow without exceeding 80°C; estimating the temperature and heat load on the roof of a refrigerated truck moving at 105 km/h; and calculating convection coefficients for window panels on a tall building with a 5 m/s wind. 2. A proposed anemometer design uses a thin metallic strip heated to 35°C, with a thermocouple measuring its temperature, to determine air velocity from 1-50 m/s. The relationship between power input and velocity or temperature and velocity is examined. Operating the strip at constant temperature or power results in different

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Saiyam Ajmera
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112 views

Assignment 6 - External Flow-1

1. The document discusses several problems involving heat transfer and fluid flow, including: calculating the maximum power allowed for an array of silicon chips cooled by air flow without exceeding 80°C; estimating the temperature and heat load on the roof of a refrigerated truck moving at 105 km/h; and calculating convection coefficients for window panels on a tall building with a 5 m/s wind. 2. A proposed anemometer design uses a thin metallic strip heated to 35°C, with a thermocouple measuring its temperature, to determine air velocity from 1-50 m/s. The relationship between power input and velocity or temperature and velocity is examined. Operating the strip at constant temperature or power results in different

Uploaded by

Saiyam Ajmera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 6

External Flow
1. An array of 10 silicon chips, each of length L = 10 mm on a side, is insulated on one surface and cooled on the
opposite surface by atmospheric air in parallel flow with 𝑇∞ = 24°C and 𝑢∞ = 40 m/s. When in use, the same
electrical power is dissipated in each chip, maintaining a uniform heat flux over the entire cooled surface.

If the temperature of each chip may not exceed 80°C, what is the maximum allowable power per chip? What is
the maximum allowable power if a turbulence promoter is used to trip the boundary layer at the leading edge?
Would it be preferable to orient the array normal, instead of parallel, to the airflow?

2. The roof of a refrigerated truck compartment is of composite construction, consisting of a layer of foamed urethane
insulation (t2 = 50 mm, ki = 0.026 W/m K) sandwiched between aluminum alloy panels (t1 = 5 mm, kp = 180 W/m
K). The length and width of the roof are L =10 m and W = 3.5 m, respectively, and the temperature of the inner
surface is Ts,i=-10oC. Consider conditions for which the truck is moving at a speed of V = 105 km/h, the air
temperature is 𝑇∞ = 32 oC, and the solar irradiation is GS = 750 W/m2. Turbulent flow may be assumed over the
entire length of the roof.
(a) For equivalent values of the solar absorptivity and the emissivity of the outer surface (𝛼𝑠 = 𝜀 = 0.5), estimate
the average temperature Ts,o of the outer surface. What is the corresponding heat load imposed on the refrigeration
system?
(b) A special finish (𝛼𝑠 = 0.15, 𝜀 = 0.8) may be applied to the outer surface. What effect would such an application
have on the surface temperature and the heat load?
(c) If, with (𝛼𝑠 = 𝜀 = 0.5), the roof is not insulated (t2 = 0), what are the corresponding values of the surface
temperature and the heat load?

3. Consider weather conditions for which the prevailing wind blows past the penthouse tower on a tall building.
The tower length in the wind direction is 10 m and there are 10 window panels. Calculate the average convection
coefficient for the first, third, and tenth window panels when the wind speed is 5 m/s. Use a film temperature of 300
K to evaluate the thermophysical properties required of the correlation. Would this be a suitable value of the film
temperature for ambient air temperatures in the range -15 ≤ 𝑇∞ ≤ 38°C?
4. The proposed design for an anemometer to determine the velocity of an airstream in a wind tunnel is comprised of
a thin metallic strip whose ends are supported by stiff rods serving as electrodes for passage of current used to heat
the strip. A fine-wire thermocouple is attached to the trailing edge of the strip and serves as the sensor for a system
that controls the power to maintain the strip at a constant operating temperature for variable airstream velocities.
Design conditions pertain to an airstream at 𝑇∞ =25°C and 1 ≤ 𝑢∞ ≤ 50 m/s, with a strip temperature of Ts
=35°C.
(a) Determine the relationship between the electrical power dissipation per unit width of the strip in the transverse
direction, P ‘(mW/mm), and the airstream velocity. Show this relationship graphically for the specified range of 𝑢∞
(b) If the accuracy with which the temperature of the operating strip can be measured and maintained constant is
±0.2°C, what is the uncertainty in the airstream velocity?
(c) The proposed design operates in a strip constant temperature mode for which the airstream velocity is related to
the measured power. Consider now an alternative mode wherein the strip is provided with a constant power, say, 30
mW/mm, and the airstream velocity is related to the measured strip temperature Ts. For this mode of operation,
show the graphical relationship between the strip temperature and airstream velocity. If the temperature can be
measured with an uncertainty of ±0.2°C, what is the uncertainty in the airstream velocity?
(d) Compare the features associated with each of the anemometer operating modes.

5. Consider a flat plate subject to parallel flow (top and bottom) characterized by 𝑢∞ = 5 m/s, 𝑇∞ =20°C.
(a) Determine the average convective heat transfer coefficient, convective heat transfer rate, and drag force
associated with a L = 2 m long, w =2 m wide flat plate for air flow and surface temperatures of Ts = 50°C and
80°C.
(b) Determine the average convective heat transfer coefficient, convective heat transfer rate, and drag force
associated with a L =0.1 m long, w = 0.1 m wide flat plate for water flow and surface temperatures of Ts = 50°C
and 80°C.

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