Scribd
Upload
35 views4 pages

Keywords Panthal Raj

The document discusses several key concepts in C#: 1) Constants can be declared using const or readonly, with const being a compile-time constant and readonly being a runtime constant. 2) The sealed keyword prevents a class from being inherited. 3) The this keyword refers to the current class instance and is used to distinguish class fields from method parameters. 4) The base keyword accesses members of the base class from a derived class. 5) The virtual keyword allows methods to be overridden in derived classes. 6) The override keyword is used to override virtual methods in derived classes. 7) The foreach loop iterates over each element in a collection like an array.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views4 pages

Keywords Panthal Raj

The document discusses several key concepts in C#: 1) Constants can be declared using const or readonly, with const being a compile-time constant and readonly being a runtime constant. 2) The sealed keyword prevents a class from being inherited. 3) The this keyword refers to the current class instance and is used to distinguish class fields from method parameters. 4) The base keyword accesses members of the base class from a derived class. 5) The virtual keyword allows methods to be overridden in derived classes. 6) The override keyword is used to override virtual methods in derived classes. 7) The foreach loop iterates over each element in a collection like an array.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

1>.

const
========
//we use const keyword to declare a constant field or constant local. constant
fields and locals aren't variables and may not be modified.
//Constants can be numbers, Boolean values, Strings, or a null reference. we don't
create a constant to represent information that you expect to change any time.

*constant is a named memory location, whose value never changes during the
execution of program once it is initialized.

There are 2 types of constants in c#:


.....................................
i).Compile time constant : is created using const keyword.
ii).Run time constant: is created using readonly keyword.

I).Compile time constant: *is created using const keyword. *must and should be
initialized when it is declared.
-------------------------
Syntax: const datatype Name_of_constant =value;
------
Ex: const float PI =3.142f;
--- const float E =2.71828f;

II).Run time constant:


----------------------
*It is created using readonly keyword.
*can be initialized while declaring itself or later inside the constructor of a
class at run time.
*It is also called readonly variable.
*run time constant must be a field of a class.

Syntax for declaring a constant using readonly keyword:


----------------------------------------------------
Ex:
---
readonly float PI;
readonly float E;

Syntax for initializing a readonly constant:


-----------------------------------------
Name_of_constant =value;
Ex: PI =3.142f;
E =2.71828f;

2).sealed:
==========
Sealed class cannot be inherited.
sealed class cannot behave as a parent class, but can behave as a child class.

Ex:
---
public sealed class Person //declaring a class sealed
{
public String name;
}

public class Student : Person //cannot inherit a sealed class, will throw error
{
public int id;
}

class Program
{
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
console.writeLine(" ");
}
}

3).this keyword:
===============
-this keyword is used to refer to the CURRENT INSTANCE of the class.
-this keyword avoids the name confusion between class fields and constructor
parameters.

Ex:
---
public class Student
{
public String name;
public int id;

public Student(String name, int id)


{
this.name =name;
this.id =id;
}

public void GetStudent()


{
console.writleLine(id+" "+name);
}
}

public class Program


{
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
Student student = new Student();
student.GetStudent();
}
}

4).base keyword:
================
The base keyword in c# is used to access members of a base class from within a
deriverd class.

Ex:
---
public class Base
{
public void print()
{
Console.WriteLine("base class method");
}
}

public class Derived : Base


{
public void print()
{
base.print();
Console.WriteLine("Derived class method");
}
}

public class MainEx


{
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
Derived derived = new Derived();
derived.print();
}
}

5)virtual keyword:
=================
The virtuak keyword is used for generating a virtual path for its derived classes
on implementing method overriding. The virtual keyword is used within a set with an
override keyword.

6).override:
===========
-override keyword is used in the derived class of the base class in order to
override the base class method.

Ex:
---
public class A1
{
public virtual void show()
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello : Base class");
}
}
public class B1 : A1
{
public override void show()
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello : Derived class");
}
}

7).for each:
===========
-The for each loop is used to iterate over the elements of the collection.
-The collection may be an array or a list.It executes for each element present in
the array.
-It is neccessary to enclose the statements of the foreach loop in curly braces
{}.

Syntax:
for(data_type var_name in collection_variable)
{
// statements
}

Ex:
---

class FOREACHEx
{
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
int[] array ={ 5, 78, 9, 65, 4, 1, 2 };

foreach(int value in array)


{
Console.WriteLine(value);
}
}
}

You might also like