TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT & CONTROL CIRCUIT

USING RTD PT100

Abstract: The project is about temperature monitoring device which utilizes RTD pt100
sensor to measure the temperature of range 0C to 200C.The main components of the
temperature measuring device would be sensor part coupled with wien bridge,
instrumentation amplifier to amplify sensed voltages and self generated power supply circuit
powering devices like op-amp and sensors which require +15V/-15V and +6V respectively.
The RTD Sensor is used in three wire configuration to provide accurate results. The RTD
pt100 sensor has slope of 0.0354 Ω/°C and maximum current limit of 1mA, which means for
one degree change in temperature maximum voltage will be 0.0354 V. Thus, for 0°C the
voltage should come zero which is achieved by putting RTD in wien bridge which is pre-
configured to give zero resistance for zero degree. Next Step is for amplification which uses
typical instrumentation amplifier to amplify voltage accordingly.A Relay sensor is also
attached which will trip if voltage level exceeds the reference voltage of 5V in comparator.
While observing the results we can see that voltage is varying linearly with temperature,
since RTD is changing resistance linearly with temperature the voltage change is also linear
with temperature.
1. INTRODUCTION
Temperature Monitoring system finds application in various areas like smart cold storage
monitoring with appropriate control of temperature to keep food afresh, temperature
monitoring of pharmaceutical drugs in order to store them for longer periods, data
centres including server rooms required specific range of temperature to prevent
overheating. Thus, the temperature detection finds itself its self in many application so it
becomes necessary to design circuit which accurately predicts temperature for many
sensitive application.
2. OBJECTIVES
Design and develop a temperature monitoring and control system with the following
requirement:
Design requirement:
• The circuit should control the temperature about (0-200)°C
• The circuit should measure the temperature range of (0-200)°C
• Use RTD pt100 sensor to measure the temperature
• Type of output element : Relay RWG1 DC2LVZS
• Controller: ON/OFF Type
• Self generation power supply circuit from 230V, 50Hz ac supply.
 3. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Self-
Generation
Power
Supply
VOLTAGE
Amplification OUTPUT

RTD pt100
Sensor

i). Self-Generation Power Supply

Voltage Self
AC-DC Bridge
230v, DC Filter(1) Regulator, Generation
Rectifier
50hz Power Supply
(7815)

Voltage
DC Filter(2) Regulator,
(7915)

Voltage
Regulator,
DC Filter(3)
(7805)

ii). Amplification
Negative
Feedback
Amplifier

Instrumentation
RTD Amplifier
pt100

Negative
Feedback
Amplifier
The circuit has 3 major parts that is power supply, amplification and sensor:
• Power Supply: Comprises of AC-DC Rectification and voltage regulation to +15,-15
and +6V.
• Amplification: Uses two negative feedback amplifier to take appropriate voltage and
take difference of voltage using instrumentation amplifier to find voltage
• Sensor: it is attached in three wire configuration to Wien Bridge.
• Relay: A comparator attached to relay which will turn ON Relay if temperature
exceeds 200C

4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

5. SIMULATION RESULTS
The simulation software used here is Proteus Software.
The above circuit is Temperature monitoring circuit. In the simulation above, the parameter
which is measured is the Voltage to determine the temperature and the same output voltage is
fed to comparator to determine whether the temperature has gone above 200. This is done by
comparing output voltage with reference voltage 5V(which corresponds to 200°C). Thus, the
relay control circuit can be operated for any determined temperature by adjusting the
reference voltage.
6. CONCLUSIONS
 The circuit only requires a 230V,50Hz ac supply and provides output voltage
corresponding to temperature which can be calculated using this formula:
Rnew =100(1+0.00385*T)
T = Temperature to be measured
Rnew = Resistance of RTD PT100 sensor at measured temperature
Alpha = 0.00385

The relay wire would make blue LED glow if the temperature would further go beyond
200°C as a warning signal.

The hardware can be further improved to bring more accuracy by using four wire
configuration which will give accurate resistance for change in temperature.
7. REFERENCES
• Steps to Convert AC to DC - Working of AC to DC Converter (watelectrical.com)
• RTD to Voltage Using Instrumentation Amplifier and Current Reference
• 2, 3, and 4 Wire RTDs: What is the Difference? (omega.com)
• Calculate Temperature Coefficient of RTD - InstrumentationTools
8. ANNEXURE
• LM741 Datasheet: LM741 pdf, LM741 Description, LM741 Datasheet, LM741 view :::
ALLDATASHEET :::
• PT100 Temperature sensor Datasheet: PT100 Temperature Sensor Datasheet.pdf
(components101.com)