PAPER

CONSONANT SOUNDS

Supporting Lecturer   : Yani Lubis,S.Ag,M.Hum

Arranged by :
1. Arya Wiranda (0304213049)
2. Dwi Fatimah (0304213074)
3. Nazwa Alzuhda (0304213096)
4. Novi Yanti (0304213106)
5. Fadlah Putri Sabila (0304213037)

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND TEACHER TRAINING
NORTH SUMATRA STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
MEDAN
2021
 PREFACE

Alhamdullilahirobbil’alamin, praise is merely to the Almighty Allah SWT for the

gracious mercy and tremendeous blessing that enables us to accomplish this paper. Thanks to
Him for helping and giving us chance to finish this assignment
timely. Sholawat and salam are alwaysdelivered for the Sublimest, the Biggest
Prophet Muhammad SAW, who has brought us from the darkness to the lightness, the world
that full of knowledges.
This assignment is one of English task in English Educational Program at UIN
SUMATERA UTARA of Pronounciation Lesson. We would like to say thank you to Sir Yani
Lubis,S.Ag,M.Hum as the lecturer that always teaches us and gives much knowledge about
Pronounciation. Hopefully, this paper can help the readers to expand their knowledge about
Consonant Sounds. And we also hope, we as a students of UIN SUMATERA UTARA can
work more professional by using English as the second language whatever we done.
The last, writers wish to express his deep and sincere gratitude for those who have
helped in completing this paper morality and materiality. We realized that this assignment is
not perfect. But we hope it can be useful for us, especially for the students of UIN Sumatera
Utara. Critics and suggestion is needed here to make this assignment be better.

                                                                                                
                                                           
Medan, 15 November 2021
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE.................................................................................................................................2

CHAPTER I..............................................................................................................................4

A. Background Of Study...................................................................................................4

B. Problem Formulation....................................................................................................4

C. The Purpose...................................................................................................................4

CHAPTER II............................................................................................................................5

1. Definition Consonant...................................................................................................5

2. Consonant Chart...........................................................................................................5

3. Consonant Sound..........................................................................................................7

CHAPTER III...........................................................................................................................8

A. Conclusion......................................................................................................................8

B. Suggestion......................................................................................................................8

REFERENCE...........................................................................................................................9
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background Of Study

Language has a very important role in human life. Because language is the
essence of human communication, both in oral communication and in written
communication.

Language itself is a system of arbitrary sound symbols used by members of social

groups to work together, communicate, and identify themselves. If there is no
language then humans will have difficulty in communicating and socializing.

One of the things that must be considered in communicating orally is

pronunciation. Pronunciation of sentences is the most basic thing to communicate
with other people, with good sentence pronunciation there will be no misinterpretation
from the other person.

B. Problem Formulation

a. What is the definition of Consonant

b. What is the consonant chart
c. How to consonant sounds

C. The Purpose

a. knowing the definition of consonant

b. knowing the consonant chart
c. know how to consonant sounds
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

1. Definition Consonant

The word consonant comes from Latin oblique stem cōnsonant-, from cōnsonāns
'sounding-together', a calque of Greek σύμφωνον sýmphōnon (plural sýmphōna, σύμφωνα).
[1][2]

Dionysius Thrax calls consonants sýmphōna (σύμφωνα 'sounded with') because in Greek
they can only be pronounced with a vowel.[a] He divides them into two subcategories:
hēmíphōna (ἡμίφωνα 'half-sounded'),[4] which are the continuants,[b] and áphōna (ἄφωνος
'unsounded'),[5] which correspond to plosives.[c]

This description does not apply to some languages, such as the Salishan languages, in
which plosives may occur without vowels (see Nuxalk), and the modern concept of
'consonant' does not require co-occurrence with a vowel.

2. Consonant Chart

A consonant chart lists all of the consonant sounds for a given language while neatly
organizing them by place of articulation, manner of articulation and phonation.

Below you will find a consonant chart of English containing all of the phonemes we
discussed. While reviewing the IPA symbols, take note of the following:

 The columns are labeled by place or articulation.

 The rows are labeled by manner of articulation.

When two consonants are next to each other in the same cell (i.e. they share the same place
and manner of articulation), the consonant on the left is voiceless and the consonant on the
right is voiced.
 Sometimes it can be confusing calling a consonant sound by its symbol, especially for
sounds like /ʃ/, whose name nobody remembers. So the best way to call a consonant is to list
its three features.

The convention for naming a consonant sound is as follows:

[phonation] [place of articulation] [manner of articulation]

So for example:

The /f/ sound is called – voiceless labiodental fricative.

The /ʒ/ sound (from vision) is called – voiced post-alveolar fricative

The /p/ sound is called – voiceless bilabial stop

The IPA symbols are pretty simple to learn too once isolate the ones that are different from
English writing:

/θ/ – voiceless dental fricative – “th” sound from “theater” and “thick”

/ð/ – voiced dental fricative – “th” sound from “then” and “rather”

/ʃ/ – voiceless post-alveolar fricative – “sh” sound from “ship” and “ash”

/ʒ/ – voiced post-alveolar fricative – “s” sound from “measure” and “vision”

/tʃ/ – voiceless post-alveolar affricate – “ch” sound from “child” and “pouch”

/dʒ/ – voiced post-alveolar affricate – “j” sound from “john” and “g” sound from “vintage”
/ŋ/ – velar nasal (voiced is redundant because all nasal sounds are voiced, otherwise you’re
just blowing snot-rockets out your nose). – “n” sound from “going” and “flunk”.

/?/ – glottal stop – dropped consonant sound from phrases like “wha(t) time is it”

Also, there are a few other discrepancies between IPA and English writing that may trip up.
list them below:

The /j/ (voiced palatal approximant) is usually represented in English with the letter
“y” in words such as “young” and “yard”. It is NOT sound that ‘j’ usually represents in
English writing (the ‘j’ in “job” is actually a /dʒ/)

The English letter ‘g’ is sometimes used to represent the /dʒ/ sound too, as is the case
with words like “gin” and “genuine”. Just remember that that IPA symbol /g/ ALWAYS
represents the voiced velar stop from words like “guy” and “guilt”.

The letter ‘c’ in English can be either /k/ sound as it is in “cat” and “car” or an /s/
sound as it is in “cycle and “cinder”

The letter ‘s’ in English is often used to represent the /z/ sound and NOT the /s/, as is the
case in words like “prison” and “chasm”

3. Consonant Sound

There are two types of consonant sounds, namely voiced (vibrating) and unvoiced
(without vibration), namely:

When you sound the unvoiced consonants, your lips, tongue and throat do not vibrate.
Whereas when we sound the voiced consonants, one part of the three limbs experiences
vibration.

Here is a comporarison between voiced sound and unvoiced sound

 CHAPTER III

CLOSING
A. Conclusion
A consonant is a speech sound that’s not a vowel. The sound of a consonant is produced by a
partial or complete obstruction of the airstream by a constriction of the speech organs.

The difference between speaking consonants and vowels this way: vowels are pronounced
from the vocal cords with minimal shaping of expelled breath, consonant sounds are created
through obstruction or channeling of the breath by the lips, teeth, tongue, throat, or nasal
passage.... Some consonants, like B, involve the vocal cords; others don’t. Some, like R or W,
flow the breath in a way that steers them relatively close to being vowels

B. Suggestion
The auther gives advice to all readers to really read the material and understand the
material that has been described above in order to add insight into knowledge about
consonant sounds.
 REFERENCE

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant
https://adyofficial.com/materi-pronunciation-consonant-sounds-dalam-bahasa-inggris/
https://www.mimicmethod.com/ft101/consonant-wrap-up/