TRUBA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & IT, BHOPAL

(Rajeev Gandhi Prodhyogiki Vishvavidyalaya)

SESSION-2014-15

Minor Project
On

APPROXIMATE PLANE FRAME ANALYSIS OF G+7

MULTISTORY BUILDING AND DESIGN OF RCC SHEAR
WALL
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
Degree of
BACHLOR OF ENGINEERING
In CIVIL ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY:- SUBMITTED TO:-
PIYUSH GEHLOT(0114CE111071) Dr. S.P. SARNA
PRAVEEN KUMAR JHA(0114CE111072) H.O.D.
PRAVESH ATARIYA(0114CE111073) (DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGG.)
PRAVESH SINGH TOMAR(0114CE111074)
PRINCE SHARMA(0114CE111075) GUIDED BY:-
PRIYANK AGRAWAL(0114CE111076) MRS. NITA RAJVAIDYA
PUNEET GONDAL(0114CE111077)
RAHUL DIXIT(0114CE111078)
RAHUL MODI(0114CE111079)
RAHUL SAHU(0114CE111080)

ABSTRACT
Besides, food and clothing, shelter is a basic human need. India has been successful in
meeting the food and clothing requirements of its vast population; however the problem of
providing shelter of all is defying solutions. “While there has been an impressive growth in
the total housing stock from 65 million in 1947 to 187.05 million in 2001, a large gap still
exists between the demand and supply of housing units. The Working Group on Housing for
the 9th five-year plan estimated the housing shortage in 2001 at 19.4 million units- 12.76
million in rural area and 6.64 million in urban area. The shortage of housing is acutely felt in
urban areas –more so in the 35 Indian cities, which according to the 2001 census have a
population of more than a million”.

Hence in order to overcome this problem construction process should be quick, tall and
effective to accommodate huge population in a given area. So we have chosen this topic of
“SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR WALL”. This type of shear wall
construction helps to build tall structure of about 20 floors within no time. Hence the
construction process will become much quicker and efficient. Constructions made of shear
walls are high in strength ,they majorly resist the seismic force, wind forces and even can be
build on soils of weak bases by adopting various ground improvement techniques. Not only
the quickness in construction process but the strength parameters and effectiveness to bare
horizontal loads is very high. Shear walls generally used in high earth quake prone areas, as
they are highly efficient in taking the loads. Not only the earth quake loads but also winds
loads which are quite high in some zones can be taken by these shear walls efficiently and
effectively.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to MRS. NITA
RAJVAIDYA for her exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement
throughout the course of this project. The blessing, help and guidance given by her time to
time shall carry us a long way in the journey of life on which we are about to embark.

We also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to Dr. S.P. SARNA HOD,
for his cordial support, valuable information and guidance, which helped us in completing
this task through various stages.
 CONTENT

Title Page No.

CHAPTER 1 1: Introduction
1.1 Definition
1.2 Scope of the work
1.3 Objective
1.4 Organization

CHAPTER 2 2:Literature Review

2.1 Review of Literature

CHAPTER 3 3: Shear Walls

3.1 Purpose of constructing shear wall
3.2 Comparison of shear wall with
conventional
Load bearing wall
3.3 Forces acting on shear wall
3.4 Classification of shear wall

CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 4: Manual design of shear wall

CHAPTER 5 Construction of shear walls

CHAPTER 6 6.1 Excavation

6.2 Foundation and Footings
6.3 Bottom three floors and Waffle slab
6.4 Shear wall construction
6.5 Mivan formwork
6.6 Wall ties, Pins and Wedges
6.7 Electrical boards and Plumbing lines
6.8 Concreting

CHAPTER 7 7: Scope for future work

CHAPTER 8 8: Conclusion
CHAPTER 9 9: References
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL:
SHEAR WALLS are specially designed structural walls incorporated in buildings to
resists lateral forces that are produced in the plane of the wall due to wind earthquake and
other forces. The term shear wall is rather misleading as such walls behave more like flexible
members. They are usually provided in the tall buildings and have been found to be of
immense use to avoid the total collapse of the building under seismic forces. It is always
advisable to incorporate them in buildings built in regions likely to experience earthquake of
large intensity or high winds. The design of these shears walls for seismic forces requires
special considerations as they should be safe under repeated loads. Shear walls are generally
made of concrete and masonry. They are usually provided between columns, in stair wells,
lift wells, toilets, utility shaft, etc. In planning shear walls we should try to reduce the bending
tensile stresses due to lateral loads as much as possible by loading them with as much gravity
forces as it can safely take. They should be also laid symmetrically to avoid torsional stresses.

1.2 GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF SHEAR WALL

There are many types of reinforced concrete shear wall. Some of them are as follows

PLAN

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F)

1.2.1 SIMPLE RECTANGLE AND BAR BELL TYPE FREE STANDING WALLS

Barbell types of shear wall are formed when a wall is provided monolithically between two
columns. The columns at the two ends are then called the boundary elements. These simple
types where the first to be used in construction. Such shear wall, under the action of in plane
vertical loads and horizontal shear along its length, are subjected to bending and shear. These
walls should be designed in such a way that they never fail in shear but only by yielding of
steel in bending. Shear failure is brittle and sudden. One of the disadvantages of this type of
shear wall is that as these walls are rigid during an earthquake they attract and dissipate a lot
of energy by cracking, which is difficult to shear.

1.2.2 COUPLED SHEAR WALL

If two structural walls are joint together by relatively short spandrel beams the stiffness of the
resultant wall increases; in addition, the structure can dissipate most of the energy by yielding
the coupling beams with no structural damages to the main walls. It is easy to repair these
coupling beams than the walls. These walls should satisfy the following two requirements:

* The system should develop hinges only in the coupling beam before shear failure.

* The coupling beam should be designed to have good energy dissipation characteristics.

1.2.3 RIGID FRAMES WITH SHEAR WALLS

IN THIS TYPE of frame, the deflection of the frame in the shear mode, but deflection of the
wall is in the bending mode. This interaction tends to reduce maximum movement but
increases maximum shear in the shear wall. This increases the tendency of shear failure in the
shear wall and this factor should be allowed for in the design.

1.2.4 FRAMED WALL, SHEAR WALL AND INFILLED SHEAR WALL

Framed wall are cast monolithically, where as infilled frames are constructed by casting
frames first and infilling it with masonry or concrete block later.

1.2.5 COLUMN SUPPORTED SHEAR WALL

When it is necessary for architectural reasons to discontinue shear wall at floor levels, it
becomes necessary to carry the wall to the ground on widely spaced columns in such column
supported shear wall, the discontinuity in geometry at the lowest level should be taken care of
in the design.

1.2.6 CORE TYPE SHEAR WALLS

In some buildings, the elevators and other service areas can be grouped in a vertical code
which may serve as devices to withstand lateral loads. Unsymmetry produces twisting and, if
twisting is not present these walls act as simple shear walls. Cores with designed lintels at
regular intervals as in elevator shaft have also good resistance against torsion.

1.3 CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO BEHAVIOUR

SHEAR WALLS can also be classified according to their behaviour as follows:

1.3.1 SHEAR-SHEAR WALLs in which deflection and strength are controlled by shear.
These are usually low rise shear walls.

1.3.2 ORDINARY-MOMENT SHEAR WALLs in which deflection and strength are

controlled by flexure. These are usually high rise shear wall used to resist high winds and
cyclone.

1.3.3 DUCTILE-MOMENT SHEAR WALLs are special walls meant for seismic regions
and which have good energy dissipation characteristics under reversed cyclic loads.

1.4 OBJECTIVE
Follow of the major objective of the project:
1. Seismic analysis of (G+7) symmetrical multistorey building by static method.
2. Design of shear wall (bar bell type) for the building.

1.5 LAYOUT OF THE PROJECT

This project is divided into nine chapters. First chapter deals with the introduction of the
shear wall, which discusses the definition and classification of shear wall Second chapter
deals with the literature review. Third chapter deals with the various types of design loads
example dead load, live load, seismic load and load on shear wall. Fourth chapter deals with
the methodology, in which whole working method is discussed in step wise. Fifth chapter
deals the seismic load calculation as per IS: 1893 (Part I). In the sixth chapter we design shear
wall enlarged at ends as per IS: 45-.2000 for the seismic load only. Seventh chapter deals
with conclusion about the project. Eighth chapter deals with the scope of the work and ninth
chapter includes references.
 CHAPTER 2

Literature Review

Review of literature:

Development of shear wall system for construction has advanced dramatically over the past
few years. Shear wall systems were initially developed to reduce damage due to earth quakes
labour requirements, increase strength of the building, shorten construction time reduce cost
increase quality of life. U.H. Varyani described about shear walled buildings under horizontal
loads. Considering in his design “Reinforced concrete framed buildings are adequate for
resisting both the vertical and the horizontal loads acting on shear walls of a building”. In his
2nd edition 2002 of “Design of structures”. He gave rigidity of shear wall, torsional rigidity
and shear centre of a building in a detailed description. S.K. Duggal on his profound interest
on structures gave a detailed description about reinforced concrete buildings in his book “
Earth quake resistant design of structures “describing a wall in a building which resist lateral
loads originating from wind or earthquakes are known as shear walls”. He considered flexural
strength in the wall to be dominant force based on which design of structure to be carried out
in tall shear walls. He described in detail about various types of shear walls with their load
bearing capacities as per code requirements. Mr A.P. Jadhav Associate Professor
Rajarambapu Institute of technology rajaramnagar, Islampur has given a detailed report on
the form work used for the construction of shear walls. Mr.A.P.Jadhav highlighted the
importance of quickness in construction and the need for earthquake resistant building for
better sustainability of life. A report on effects of openings in shear walls on seismic response
of structure by sharminriza chowdhary, department of civil engineering dhake-1208,
Bangladesh mostly focused on the design of shear walls with openings on seismic response
using E-Tabs,i.e extended three dimensional analysis of buildings. This report gives a
detailed explanation of how ETABS can be effectively used to design shear walls.
INDIAN STANDARD CODES:

I.S 456:2000

As per clause 32, design for wall describes, design of horizontal shear in clause 32.4 given
details of how shear wall have to be constructed.

I.S:1893 Criteria of Earth Quake resistant Buildings Part (3) page 23, clause 4.2 gives the
estimation of earth quake loads.

In IS: 13920:1993 it gives the ductile detailing of shear wall as per clause 9, where 9.1 gives
general requirements.

9.2 shear strength

9.3 give flexural strength

9.6 give openings in shear walls.

Ductile detailing, as per the code IS: 13920:1993 is considered very important as the ductile
detailing gives the amount of reinforcement required and the alignment of bars.
 CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY

SEISMIC ANALYSIS

 Design Parameters:

For seismic zone,

Find the zone factor Z.
(From Table 2 of IS: 1893).

Depending on type of building

the importance factor, I is taken.
(As per Table 6 of IS: 1893).

Building is required to be provided with

moment resisting frames detailed as per
IS:13920-1993. Hence, the response reduction
factor, R, is 5.
(as per Table 7 of IS: 1893 Part 1)

 Seismic Weights:

The floor area is a x b = A sq. m.

Since the live load class is 4kN/sq.m,

only 50% of the live load
is lumped at the floors.
At roof, no live load is to
be lumped.
Hence, the total seismic weight on the
floors and the roof is:

Floors:
Floor area = A sq. m
Dead load on floors = (Wf)d
Live load on floors = (Wf)l

Beams:
Dead load on beams = (Wb)d

Roof:
Dead load of roof = (Wr)d
(clause7.3.1, Table 8 of IS: 1893 Part 1)

Total Seismic weight of the structure,

W = (Wf)d + (Wf)l + (Wb)d + (Wr)d = W

 Fundamental Period:

Lateral load resistance is provided by moment

resisting frames infilled with brick masonry
panels. Hence, approximate fundamental natural
period:
(Clause 7.6.2. of IS: 1893 Part 1)

 EL in X-Direction:

0. 09× h
T=
√d
Type of soil is decided. Then,
From Fig. 2 of IS: 1893, for T=t sec,

Z × I Sa
Ah = ×
2R g

(Clause 6.4.2 of IS: 1893 Part 1)

Design base shear,

Vb = Ah x W
(Clause 7.5.3 of IS: 1893 Part 1)

 Force Distribution with Building Height:

The design base shear is to be distributed with

height as per clause 7.7.1. Table 1.1 gives the
calculations. Fig. 1.2(a) shows the design seismic
force in X-direction for the entire building.

 EL in Y-Direction:

0. 09× h
T=
√d

Type of soil is decided. Then,

From Fig. 2 of IS: 1893, for T= t sec,
Z × I Sa
Ah = ×
2R g

(Clause 6.4.2 of IS: 1893 Part 1)

Therefore, for this building the design seismic
force in Y-direction is same as that in the X-direction.
Fig. 1.2(b) shows the design seismic
force on the building in the Y-direction.