ANNEXURE I

“ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF AN

APARTMENT BUILDING”

STRUCTURAL DESIGN STUDIO

40921C82

Submitted by:
VYJAYANTHIMALA S. (4092210018)

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Under the guidance of:

Mr. SANTHOSH KUMAR. R

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING VINAYAKA MISSION’S

KIRUPANANDA VARIYAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE, SALEM

A Constituent College of
VINAYAKA MISSION’S RESEARCH FOUNDATION
(Deemed to be University) SALEM

1
 APPENDIX I

VINAYAKA MISSION’ KIRUPANANDA VARIYAR

ENGINEERING COLLEGE, SALEM

A Constituent College of
VINAYAKA MISSION’S RESEARCH FOUNDATION
(Deemed to be University) SALEM- 636 308

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “ANALYSIS DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF

AN APARTMENT BUILDING” is the bonafide work of VYJAYANTHIMALA S.
(4092210018) who carried out the project work under my supervision. It is further
certified that the dissertation or any part thereof has not formed the basis of the award
of any other degree, diploma, fellowship or any other similar title of any University or
Institution.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Mr. Santhosh Kumar. R Mr. Santhosh Kumar. R

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Civil Engineering Department, Head of the Department
Vinayaka Mission’s Civil Engineering Department
Kirupananda Variyar Vinayaka Mission’s
Engineering College, Salem Kirupananda Variyar
Engineering College, Salem

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Submitted for the University Examination held on

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We the members of this project wish to express our gratitude to our Principal for

providing all the facilities for completing the project efficiently.

We wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to the Head of the Department,

Department of Civil Engineering, for providing all facilities and continuous

encouragement for the completion of the project.

We place on record our heartfelt gratitude and sincere thanks to our heartiest guide

Mr. Santhosh Kumar. R, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, for his valuable

guidance, immense efforts and perennial encouragement in bringing out this

meritorious volume amidst all his works.

3
 ABSTRACT
The objective of this project work is to develop independent and creative thinking

correlating fundamental, theoretical knowledge obtained in the course to practical field

application. Hence a live project has been taken, an Apartment building in

Udumalapet. This project was sponsored by M/S ARTIN BUILDERS, Pollachi. In this

project work attempts have been made to comprehend, analyses and synthesis of what

we have learned during our course extended over last three years. Hence, the entire

analysis and design of the structural elements have been done manually and verified

with STAAD PRO computer software. The results were satisfactorily correlate with

software.

The design deals with different structural elements like slabs, beams, columns and

footings etc.The procedure followed is in accordance with Indian Standard

Specifications and National Building Code.

All the structural elements have been designed using Limit State Method of Design.

The analysis of the frames has been done using the substitute frame method and

verified by STAAD PRO software.Various Provisions like future expansions, fire and

theft safety alarm measurements, sufficient ventilations, both open and closed parking

4
areas are considered.

CONTENTS

S.N PARTICULARS PAGE

O NO
1 GENERAL REPORT

2 INTRODUCTION TO LIMIT
STATE DESIGN
3 DESIGN OF SLABS

4 ANALYSIS OF FRAMES

5 STAAD ANALYSIS

6 DESIGN OF BEAMS

7 DESIGN OF COLUMNS

8 DESIGN OF FOOTINGS

9 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
10 ESTIMATING AND COSTING
11 CONCLUSION

12 ANNEX-A PLAN DRAWINGS

13 ANNEX-B STAAD RESULTS

14 REFERENCES

5
 GENERAL REPORT

6
 GENERAL REPORT

INTRODUCTION

On finalisation of the project, which is the Analysis, Design and Estimation of

an apartment building, much architectural feasibility lay open before us. The plan
consists of G+4 storeys with various facilities to satisfy all the requirements of an
apartment.
Area of the site 675 sq.m
Area of building/floor 408 sq.m
Area of free space 267 sq.m
Area of covered car parking 218 sq.m
Area of electrical room 45 sq.m
Area of ground floor (excluding car parking area) 145 sq.m
Area of I, II, III& IV floors 1577sq.m
Area of lift room 34 sq.m

TOTAL BUILT UP AREA 2019 sq.m

No. of flats 17 nos

Facilities:
• The building is designed to have safe and security against theft and fire.
• Sufficient ventilation has been provided for having natural air and light.
7
• Car parking area is provided at ground floor of the building.
• Duct is provided separately for electric lines.
• Lift and staircase are provided for easy access as per NBC.

INTRODUCTION TO
LIMIT STATE DESIGN

8
 INTRODUCTION TO LIMIT STATE DESIGN

Limit state design has originated from ultimate or plastic design. The object of design
based on the limit state concept is to achieve an acceptable probability that a structure
will not become unserviceable in its life time.

The limit state design considers the different limits & designs the structure for
satisfactory serviceability and adequate safety against failure. Three types of limit
states are considered in the design,
1. Strength limit state

2. Serviceability limit state

3. Durability limit state

STRENGTH LIMIT STATE:

This limit state ensures adequate and reasonable safety of the structure against total
or partial collapse.
Violation of this limit state implies failure in the sense that a clearly defined limit
state of structural usefulness has been exceeded. However it does not mean a complete
collapse. This limit state may correspond to:

9
a) Flexure b) Compression c) Shear & tension

SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE :

The limits of serviceability are associated with,
a) Deflection tolerances which are controlled either by the appearances of the overall structures or by
tolerances of the other elements such as cladding, floor finish or psychological factors.
b) Crack width limits which are to be controlled so as to prevent corrosions of steel
deterioration of concrete and ugly appearance or other detrimental influences.
c) Shrinkage and creep deflections or stresses.

THE DURABILITY LIMIT STATE:

It is associated with total life and serviceability of the structure when the structure
is subjected to environmental of repeated loads. The cover to the reinforcement should
be provided to protect the reinforcement from corrosion. Design should be made to
provide resistance against wear and tear and repeated or fatigue type of forces.

DESIGN STRENGTH AND LOADS: (IS456-2000)

MATERIALS:

There will be difference between the characteristic strength and the material strength
obtained therefore to take this difference into account a safety factor is used.

It allows for variation in workmanship or quality control in the manufacture of material

and reduces the characteristic strength to lower values known as design strength. The
design strength of the material fd is given by
Fd = f/γm
Where f is characteristic strength of material. γm is partial safety factor appropriate to
material and limit state being considered.
1.5 For concrete and 1.15 for steel.
LOADS:

Factors are used to allow for the possible differences in the loads that may actually

10
come on a structure as compared to their characterized value. The design load fd is
given by
Fd = F γf
Where fd is characteristic load. γf is partial factor appropriate to the nature of loading
and the limit state being considered.

Values of partial safety factors γf for loads (from IS 456-2000) are given below.

LIMIT STATE OF LIMIT STATE OF

LOAD COLLAPSE SERVICEABILITY
COMBINATION D.
D.L L.L W.L L.L W.L
L
D.L + L.L 1.5 1.5 - 1.0 1.0 -
D.L + W.L 1.5 - 1.5 1.0 - 1.0
D.L + L.L +
1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8
W.L

11
 DESIGN OF SLABS

12
 INTRODUCTION:

The slabs are designed manually by limit state method.

 The slabs are designed as one way, two way rectangular slabs.
 Live load = 3000 N/sq.m.(IS 875-1978)
 Finishes = 1000 N/sq.m
 Effective span is taken as c/c distance of supports or clean span + eff. depth whichever
is least.

DESIGN PROCEDURE:
The various steps in the procedure are as follows:

1. Assuming a suitable overall thickness of the slab, calculate the factored loads (dead
load and live load) for design. This initial guess for thickness of slab may be made from
empirical relations between depth and span considering the deflection criteria. The
allowable span/ over all depth ratio of slab may be taken as given in the section. The
minimum depth for ease of construction is 100mm.The factored load is (1.5 DL+ 1.5
LL). A suitable cover depending on exposure condition is assumed.

13
2. Considering the slab of one meter width and using effective span, determine the
maximum bending moment M for the ultimate factored load. For continuous slab,
coefficients of table 7(IS 456) may be used for this purpose. Otherwise, any established
elastic analysis may be used.
3. Using the formula, find the minimum effective depth required
4. Check the depth used for shear.
5. As the depth selected is usually greater than the minimum depth d, tension steel
required will be less than the balanced amount for the section. Determine the steel
required by a suitable formula.
6. Check whether this steel is not less than the minimum percentage of the gross section
specified for slabs, namely 0.12% with high yield steel and 0.15% with mild steel bars
and edge reinforcement is provided at a distance of (lx/8) or (ly/8).
7. Choose a suitable diameter for the main reinforcement and determine the spacing of
steel. It should not exceed three times effective depth or 300mm, whichever is smaller.
8. Provide necessary distribution (secondary) reinforcement. This too should not be less
than the specified percent of the cross sectional area of the slab namely, 0.12% with
high yield steel and 0.15% with mild steel bars.
9. Check the spacing of secondary steel so that it does not exceed five times effective
depth or 450mm, whichever is smaller.
10. Finally, the thickness is verified for deflection criteria satisfying IS456- 2000.

ASSUMPTIONS:

 M20 and Fe415 are used.

 Thickness of slab =175 mm.

14
 SLAB DETAILS

15
LOAD CALCULATIONS:
Dead load = 0.175 x 25000 = 4.375 KN/m
Live load = 3 KN/m
Finishes = 1 KN/m
Total load = 8.375KN/m
Factored load = 1.5 x 8.375= 12.562KN/m

SLAB DETAILS:
One way simply supported slabs: slab no: S4
Two way continuous slabs:
Interior panels - S8
One edge discontinuous - S3, S2, S9, S7, S6
Two edges discontinuous - S1, S10, S5, S11

16
 MODEL MANUAL DESIGNS

1. ONE WAY SIMPLY SUPPORTED SLAB

DETAILS:
Slab no: 4
Lx = 3.16m
Ly = 7.66m
(Ly)/ (LX) = 2.42 > 2 (hence one way slab)

DESIGN:
Bending moment (BM) = Wlx2/8
BM =15.68 kN-m
From Design Aids SP16,
Mu/bd2 = 2.76
Provide, d= 125mm
D= 150mm
From annexure G,
Ast = 355mm2
Spacing = (3.14 x d2 x 1000)/ (4 x area of steel)
Where, dia = 8mm
Spacing = 140mm
Therefore, provide 8mm dia rods at 140mm c/c

17
DISTRIBUTORS:
For Fe415,
Ast = 0.12% 0f total cross sectional area
Ast = (0.12 x 1000 x 150)/ 100
Ast = 180mm2
Spacing = 280mm
Therefore, provide 8mm dia rods at 280mm c/c.

2.TWO WAY SLAB (INTERIOR PANELS)

DETAILS:
Slab no: 8
Lx = 3.39m
Ly = 4.8m
(Ly)/ (LX) = 1.42< 2 (hence two way slab)

DESIGN:

(Ly)/ -ve +ve

( LX) αx αy αx αy
1.4 0.051 0.039
1.42 0.0514 0.032 0.0394 0.024
1.5 0.053 0.041

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SHORT SPAN:
Mx = αx w lx2
Negative moment = 0.0514 x 12.562 x 3.392 = 7.42 x 106 N-mm
Positive moment = 0.0394 x 12.562 x 3.392 = 5.69 x 106 N-mm
From annexure G,
Negative Astx = 166mm2
Positive Astx = 127mm2
Spacing = (3.14 x d2 x 1000)/ (4 x area of steel)
Where, dia = 8mm
Provide, Negative spacing = 8mm dia rods at 140mm c/c
Positive spacing = 8mm dia rods at 140mm c/c

LONG SPAN:
MY = αy w lx2
Negative moment = 0.032 x 12.562 x 3.392 = 4.62 x 106 N-mm
Positive moment = 0.024 x 12.562 x 3.392 = 3.46 x 106 N-mm
From annexure G,
Negative Asty = 103mm2
Positive Asty = 77mm2
Spacing = (3.14 x d2 x 1000)/ (4 x area of steel)
Where, d = 8mm
Provide, Negative spacing = 8mm dia rods at 140mm c/c
Positive spacing = 8mm dia rods at 140mm c/c

19
DISTRIBUTORS:
For Fe415,
Ast = 0.12% 0f total cross sectional area
Ast = (0.12 x 1000 x 150)/ 100
Ast = 180mm2
Spacing = 280mm
Therefore, provide 8mm dia rods at 280mm c/c.

3. TWO WAY SLABS (TWO ADJACENT EDGES DISCONTINUOUS)

DETAILS:
Slab no: 1, 10
Lx = 6.18m
Ly = 7.66m
(Ly)/ (LX) = 1.23< 2 (hence two way slab)

DESIGN:

(Ly)/ -ve +ve

( LX) αx αy αx αy
1.2 0.060 0.047 0.045 0.035

1.23 0.063 0.0474

20
 1.3 0.065 0.049

SHORT SPAN:
Mx = αx w lx2
Negative moment = 30.22 x 106 N-mm
Positive moment=22.74 x 106 N-mm

From annexure G,
Negative Astx = 767 mm2
Positive Astx = 555 mm2
Spacing = (3.14x d2 x 1000)/ (4 x area of steel)
Provide, Negative spacing = 12mm dia rods at 140mm c/c
Positive spacing = 10mm dia rods at 140mm c/c

LONG SPAN:
MY = αy w lx2
Negative moment = 22.55x 106 N-mm
Positive moment = 16.79 x 106 N-mm
From annexure G,
Negative Asty = 550 mm2
Positive Asty = 398 mm2
Spacing = (3.14 x d2 x 1000)/ (4 x area of steel)
Where, dia = 10mm
Provide, Negative spacing = 10mm dia rods at 140mm c/c

21
 Positive spacing = 10mm dia rods at 140mm c/c

DISTRIBUTORS:
For Fe415,
Ast = 0.12% 0f total cross sectional area
Ast = (0.12 x 1000 x 150)/ 100
Ast = 180mm2
Spacing = 280mm
Therefore, provide 8mm dia rods at 280mm c/c.

Similarly all the slabs are designed and the consolidated report is given
below.

22
 Slab Types description Area of Spacing(mm)
of slab steel(mm2)

S1,S10 Two 2 adjacent Mx(-ve)=767 140-12

way edges Mx(+ve)=555 140-10
slab discontinuou My(-ve)=550 140-10
s My(+ve)=399 140-10

S3 Two One short Mx(-ve)=360 140-8

way edge Mx(+ve)=250 140-8
slab discontinuou My(-ve)=266 140-8
s My(+ve)=180 140-8

S2,S9 Two One short Mx(-ve)=584 140-12

way edge Mx(+ve)=434 140-10
slab discontinuou My(-ve)=471 140-10
s My(+ve)=355 140-8

S5 Two 2 adjacent Mx(-ve)=406 140-10

way edges Mx(+ve)=305 140-8
slab discontinuou My(-ve)=337 140-8
23
 s My(+ve)=252 140-8

S7 Two One short Mx(-ve)=476 140-10

way edge Mx(+ve)=355 140-8
slab discontinuou My(-ve)=323 140-8
s My(+ve)=242 140-8

S6 Two One long Mx(-ve)=229 140-8

way edge Mx(+ve)=171 140-8
slab discontinuou My(-ve)=133 140-8
s My(+ve)=101 140-8

S8 Two Interior panel Mx(-ve)=166 140-8

way Mx(+ve)=127 140-8
slab My(-ve)=103 140-8
My(+ve)=77 140-8

S4 One Simply 355 140-8

way supported on
slab two sides

S11 Two 2 adjacent Mx(-ve)=266 140-8

way edges Mx(+ve)=198 140-8
slab discontinuou My(-ve)=170 140-8
s My(+ve)=126 140-8

24
25
 ANALYSIS OF FRAMES

26
FRAME ANALYSIS

Two typical frames, one in the shorter span and one in the longer span of the building
are analyzed. The analysis of entire/whole frame is tedious, as the frames have a large
number of joints which are free to move. If moment distribution is applied to joints, the
work involved is tremendous.

Substitute frame method

The moments carried from floor to floor through columns are very small compared
with the beam moments; therefore, the moments in the floor have a negligible effect on
the moments of the floors above and below. Therefore, by taking a portion of in frame
called substitute frame the moments can be calculated and results obtained are similar
to that obtained from rigorous analysis.

Two typical frames are analyzed manually using substitute frame analysis and it is
verified with the STAAD PRO results. As the results are more or less same, other
frames are analyzed using STAAD PRO software.

27
 3-D FRAME

28
 MANUAL ANALYSIS OF FRAMES

29
 FRAME ANALYSIS

Span AB
Influence Area=1/2x5x5/2=6.3m2

Span BC
Influence Area= (5.03+1.47)/2x1.79=5.835m2

Span CD
Influence Area= (5.25+1.67)/2x1.79=6.195m2

Span AB

Self weight of slab=0.15x25x6.32=23700KN ………1

Self weight of beam = l x b x d x unit load

= 5x.6x.23x25=22635KN ………2

Self weight of wall = 5x.23x3.048x20=70524KN ………3

Floor finishes =6.32x1000=6320 ………4

Total load (dead) =123179.6KN

DL/m run=1231796/5=24.488KN/m
LL/m run=6.32x3000/5=3.796KN/m

SPAN BC

Self weight of slab=0.15x25x5.835=21881KN ………1

Self weight of beam = l x b x d x unit load
= 5x.6x.23x25=22635KN ………2
Self weight of wall = 5x.23x3.048x20=70524KN ………3
Floor finishes =5.835x1000=5835 ………4
Total load (dead) =1274246KN
DL/m run=1274246/5=25.488KN/m
LL/m run=5.835x3000/5=3.46KN/m

30
SPAN CD

Self weight of slab=0.15x25x6.19=23212.5KN ………1

Self weight of beam = l x b x d x unit load
= 5.25x.6x.23x25=23625KN ………2
Self weight of wall = 5.25x.23x3.048x20=73609KN ………3
Floor finishes =6.19x1000=5835 ………4
Total load (dead) =105741KN
DL/m run=105741/5=20.14N/m
LL/m run=6.195x3000/5=3.5KN/m

LOAD CALCULATIONS

Member Dead Live FEM FEM

load load due to due to
Dead Dead
load load+
Live
load
AB(l=5m) 24.4 3.7 51.6 59.5
BC(l=5m) 25.19 3.4 53.5 60.19
CD(l=5.25m) 20.14 3.5 46.2 54.3

DISTRIBUTION FACTOR

A AB, I/5=0.198 .8554 0..24

AE,AI I/3.048=0.328 0..38

B BA,BC I/5=0.198 1.052 0.19

BF,BJ I/3.048=0.328 0.31

C CB I/5=0.198 1.044 0.19

CD I/5.25=0.19 0.19
CG,CK I/3.048=0.328 0.31

D DC I/5.25=.19 0.846 .22

31
 DH,DL I/3.048=.328 .39

MAXIMUM NEGATIVE BENDING MOMENT@JOINTS

Joint A

Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.199 0.19 0.22
9
i) FEM -53.5
due to DL 59.5
ii) FEM -59.57 7
due to TL
iii)Distribu -0.57
tion & CO
iv)Distribu -60.152
tion 14.4
v)Net -45.71
BM@A

Factored bending moment at joint A = -68.565kN-m

Joint B

Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.199 0.199 0.22
i) FEM due to -46.26
DL
ii) FEM due to -59.5 59.5 -60.91 60.91
TL
iii)Distributio 71.4 -1.39
n+ CO
iv)Distribution 66.7 -62.3
- -0.83
0.83
v)Net BM@B 65.8 -63.1

Factored bending moment at joint B = 98.7kN-m

32
Joint C

Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.199 0.199 0.22
i) FEM due to DL -51.6 51.6
ii) FEM due to TL -60.9 60.9 - 54.39
iii)Distribution+ 0.881 54.39
COM -59.8

iv)Distribution -0.27 -0.27

-61.5 -
60.64
6
v)Net BM@C 61.3 -60.6

Factored bending moment at joint C = 92.29kN-m

Joint D

Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.199 0.199 0.22
i) FEM due to -53.5 53.5
DL
ii) FEM due to -54.3 54.3
TL
iii)Distribution+ 0.083
COM
iv)Distribution 54.4
-
11.98
v)Net BM@D 42.4

Factored bending moment at joint D = 63.72kN-m

33
MAXIMUM POSITIVE BENDING MOMENT @ MIDSPANS

Span AB

Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.199 0.199 0.22
i) FEM due to -53.5 53.5
DL -59.57 59.57 -54.9 54.9
ii) FEM due to 14.29 -1.145 0.16
TL 0.572 7.149 0.08
iii)Distribution -0.137 -1.37
iv)COM
v)Distributions
Total 45.7 64.209

BM @ Centre of AB=wl²/8
= (24.8+3.7)X52/8
=89KN-m
Net BM @Centre of AB=89-(45.7+64.2)/2
=34.4KN-m
Factored bending moment = 51.6kN-m
Span BC

Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.199 0.199 0.22
i) FEM due to -51.6 51.6 -46.2 46.2
DL -60.91 -60.91
ii) FEM due to
TL 12.3 1.76 -2.78
iii)Distribution 6.19 -1.39 -0.881 -5.088
moment -0.912 -0.799
iv) COM
v)Distributions
Total -61.4 58.2
BM @ Centre of BC=wl²/8
= (28.6x5²)/8
=89.3KN-m

34
Net BM @Centre of BC=89.3-(61.4+58.2)/2
=31.5KN-m
Factored bending moment = 47.25kN-m

Span CD

Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.199 0.199 0.22
i) FEM due to DL -53.5 53.5
ii) FEM due to TL -59.5 59.5 -54.39 54.39
iii)Distribution -1.14 0.16 0.16 -11.96
moment -13.30
iv) COM -0.572 -5.98 0.008
v)Distributions 1.245 -0.001
Total -58.9 42.4

BM @ Centre of CD=wl²/8
= (23.6x5.25²)/8
=81.3KN-m
Net BM @Centre of CD=81.3-(58.9+42.4)/2
=30.85KN-m
Factored bending moment = 46.2kN-m

MAXIMUM NEGATIVE BENDING MOMENT @ MIDSPANS

Span BC

Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.199 0.199 0.22
i) FEM due to -53.5 53.5
DL -59.5 59.5 -54.3 54.3
ii) FEM due to 14.29 - 1.145 0.16 0.16 -
TL 1.145 11.9
iii)Distribution - - - 66
moment - 0.008 0.572 5.983
iv) COM 7.149 - 1.373
v)Distributions 1.373
Total - 54.38
55.98

Free BM @ Centre of BC=wl²/8

35
 = (25.1x5²)/8
=78.4KN-m
Net BM @Centre of BC=78.4-(55.98+54.38)/2
=25.13KN-m

Factored bending moment = 37.7kN-m

BENDING MOMENT IN COLUMNS

CASE1

Joint A B C D
Column DF
Above floor 0.38 0.31 0.31 0.39
Below floor 0.38 0.31 0.31 0.39

Horizontal AB BA BC CB CD DC
members
DF 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.199 0.199 0.22
i) FEM -59.5 59.5 -53.54 53.54 -54.39 54.39
ii)Distribution& -0.572 7.149 0.008 -0.57 -5.98 0.008
CO

iii)add -60.15 66.72 -53.46 52.97 -60.375 -54.4

Distribution to
columns
Above floor 22.58 -4.1 2.29 -22.2
Below floor 22.58 -4.1 2.29 -22.2

CASE2

Joint A B C D
Column DF
Above floor 0.38 0.31 0.31 0.39
Below floor 0.38 0.31 0.31 0.39
Horizontal AB BA BC CB CD DC
members
DF 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.199 0.199 0.22
i) FEM -51.6 51.6 - 60.91 -46.2 46.26
ii)Distribution 60.91
moment & COM 0.881 6.19 0.881 -5.08 1.392

36
 -1.39
Summation - 57.82 -62.3 61.7 - 44.86
50.75 5.135 9
Distribution to
columns 19.2 -1.38 3.23 -17.49
Above floor 19.2 -1.38 3.23 -17.49
Below floor

MANUAL ANALYSIS RESULTS:

JOINT MEMBER MAX NEGATIVE MAX POSITIVE

MOMENT MOMENT
kN-m kN-m
A AB 68.56 Mid span of AB=
51.60
B BA 98.83 Mid span of BC=
BC 94.65 47.25
C CB 92.29 Mid span of CD=
CD 90.90 46.20
D DC 63.72

37
 STAAD PRO ANALYSIS OF FRAMES

38
 STAAD PRO ANALYSIS OF FRAMES

The model is generated using STAAD.Pro software and the analysis of frame is
done using the stiffness method in the software.

STAAD.Pro is a general purpose program for performing the analysis and design
of a wide variety of structures. The basic three activities which are carried out to
achieve that goal – a) model generation b) the calculations to to obtain the analytical
results c) result verification – ara all facilitated by tools contained in the programs
graphical environment.

The STAAD Pro Graphical User Interface 9 (GUI) is normally used to create all
input reports and displays. These structural modeling and analysis input specifications
are stored in a text file with extention “STD”.when the GUI does the files open to start
a session with an existing model it gets all of its information from the STD file. A user
may edit/create this STD file and have the GUI and the analysis engine both reflect the
changes.

The objective of this section is to finalize the user with the basic principles
involved in the implementation of the various analysis/design facilities offered by the
STAAD engine. As a general rule, the sequence in which the facilities are discussed
follows the recommended sequence of their usage in STD input file.

39
 STAAD INPUT

STAAD SPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 03-Aug-09
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 5.03001 0 0; 3 9.87002 0 0; 4 15.16 0 0; 5 7.50002 0 -3.58001;
6 15.16 0 -3.58001; 7 0 0 -5.71001; 8 4.95001 0 -5.64001; 9 7.58002 0 -5.64001;
10 11.01 0 -6.40001; 11 15.16 0 -6.40001; 12 0 0 -8.76002;
13 6.28001 0 -8.91002; 14 9.67002 0 -9.06002; 15 11.5 0 -9.06002;
16 15.16 0 -9.06002; 17 0 0 -13.87; 18 6.13001 0 -13.87; 19 13.29 0 -13.87;
20 15.16 0 -13.87; 21 0 0 -17.03; 22 7.58002 0 -16.91; 23 15.16 0 -17.03;
24 0 0 -20.49; 25 5.10001 0 -20.49; 26 7.58002 0 -20.42; 27 12.76 0 -20.49;
28 15.16 0 -20.49; 29 0 0 -23.47; 30 7.58002 0 -23.39; 31 15.16 0 -25.2201;
32 0 0 -26.7401; 33 5.03001 0 -26.6701; 34 7.58002 0 -26.6701;
35 12.68 0 -26.6701; 36 9.67002 0 -11.12; 37 11.5 0 -11.12; 38 13.3 0 -11.12;
85 0 -3.04801 0; 86 5.03001 -3.04801 0; 87 9.87002 -3.04801 0;
88 15.16 -3.04801 0; 89 7.50002 -3.04801 -3.58001; 90 15.16 -3.04801 -3.58001;
91 0 -3.04801 -5.71001; 92 4.95001 -3.04801 -5.64001;
93 7.58002 -3.04801 -5.64001; 94 11.01 -3.04801 -6.40001;
95 15.16 -3.04801 -6.40001; 96 0 -3.04801 -8.76002;
97 6.28001 -3.04801 -8.91002; 98 9.67002 -3.04801 -9.06002;
99 11.5 -3.04801 -9.06002; 100 15.16 -3.04801 -9.06002; 101 0 -3.04801 -13.87;
102 6.13001 -3.04801 -13.87; 103 13.29 -3.04801 -13.87;
104 15.16 -3.04801 -13.87; 105 0 -3.04801 -17.03; 106 7.58002 -3.04801 -16.91;
107 15.16 -3.04801 -17.03; 108 0 -3.04801 -20.49; 109 5.10001 -3.04801 -20.49;
110 7.58002 -3.04801 -20.42; 111 12.76 -3.04801 -20.49;
112 15.16 -3.04801 -20.49; 113 0 -3.04801 -23.47; 114 7.58002 -3.04801 -23.39;
115 15.16 -3.04801 -25.2201; 116 0 -3.04801 -26.7401;
117 5.03001 -3.04801 -26.6701; 118 7.58002 -3.04801 -26.6701;
119 12.68 -3.04801 -26.6701; 120 9.67002 -3.04801 -11.12;
121 11.5 -3.04801 -11.12; 122 13.3 -3.04801 -11.12;
123 12.68 -3.04801 -25.2201; 124 0 -4.54801 0; 125 5.03001 -4.54801 0;
126 9.87002 -4.54801 0; 127 15.16 -4.54801 0; 128 7.50002 -4.54801 -3.58001;
129 15.16 -4.54801 -3.58001; 130 0 -4.54801 -5.71001;

40
131 4.95001 -4.54801 -5.64001; 132 7.58002 -4.54801 -5.64001;
133 11.01 -4.54801 -6.40001; 134 15.16 -4.54801 -6.40001;
135 0 -4.54801 -8.76002; 136 6.28001 -4.54801 -8.91002;
137 9.67002 -4.54801 -9.06002; 138 11.5 -4.54801 -9.06002;
139 15.16 -4.54801 -9.06002; 140 0 -4.54801 -13.87;
141 6.13001 -4.54801 -13.87; 142 13.29 -4.54801 -13.87;
143 15.16 -4.54801 -13.87; 144 0 -4.54801 -17.03; 145 7.58002 -4.54801 -16.91;
146 15.16 -4.54801 -17.03; 147 0 -4.54801 -20.49; 148 5.10001 -4.54801 -20.49;
149 7.58002 -4.54801 -20.42; 150 12.76 -4.54801 -20.49;
151 15.16 -4.54801 -20.49; 152 0 -4.54801 -23.47; 153 7.58002 -4.54801 -23.39;
154 15.16 -4.54801 -25.2201; 155 0 -4.54801 -26.7401;
156 5.03001 -4.54801 -26.6701; 157 7.58002 -4.54801 -26.6701;
158 12.68 -4.54801 -26.6701; 159 9.67002 -4.54801 -11.12;
160 11.5 -4.54801 -11.12; 161 13.3 -4.54801 -11.12;
350 9.87002 -3.04801 -3.58001; 351 4.95001 -3.04801 -3.58001;
352 5.03001 -3.04801 -25.2201; 353 7.58002 -3.04801 -25.2201;
354 11.01 -3.04801 -9.06002; 355 13.3 -3.04801 -9.06002;
356 7.58002 -3.04801 -8.91002; 357 7.58002 -3.04801 -13.87;
358 5.03001 -3.04801 -23.47; 359 12.68 -3.04801 -23.39;
360 9.67002 -3.04801 -13.87; 361 12.68 -4.06953e-006 -25.2201;
362 9.87002 -4.06953e-006 -3.58001; 363 4.95001 -4.06953e-006 -3.58001;
364 5.03001 -4.06953e-006 -25.2201; 365 7.58002 -4.06953e-006 -25.2201;
366 11.01 -4.06953e-006 -9.06002; 367 13.3 -4.06953e-006 -9.06002;
368 7.58002 -4.06953e-006 -8.91002; 369 7.58002 -4.06953e-006 -13.87;
370 5.03001 -4.06953e-006 -23.47; 371 12.68 -4.06953e-006 -23.39;
372 9.67002 -4.06953e-006 -13.87; 373 0 3.04801 0; 374 5.03001 3.04801 0;
375 9.87002 3.04801 0; 376 15.16 3.04801 0; 377 7.50002 3.04801 -3.58001;
378 15.16 3.04801 -3.58001; 379 0 3.04801 -5.71001;
380 4.95001 3.04801 -5.64001; 381 7.58002 3.04801 -5.64001;
382 11.01 3.04801 -6.40001; 383 15.16 3.04801 -6.40001; 384 0 3.04801 -8.76002;
385 6.28001 3.04801 -8.91002; 386 9.67002 3.04801 -9.06002;
387 11.5 3.04801 -9.06002; 388 15.16 3.04801 -9.06002; 389 0 3.04801 -13.87;
390 6.13001 3.04801 -13.87; 391 13.29 3.04801 -13.87; 392 15.16 3.04801 -13.87;
393 0 3.04801 -17.03; 394 7.58002 3.04801 -16.91; 395 15.16 3.04801 -17.03;
396 0 3.04801 -20.49; 397 5.10001 3.04801 -20.49; 398 7.58002 3.04801 -20.42;
399 12.76 3.04801 -20.49; 400 15.16 3.04801 -20.49; 401 0 3.04801 -23.47;
402 7.58002 3.04801 -23.39; 403 15.16 3.04801 -25.2201; 404 0 3.04801 -26.7401;
405 5.03001 3.04801 -26.6701; 406 7.58002 3.04801 -26.6701;
407 12.68 3.04801 -26.6701; 408 9.67002 3.04801 -11.12;
409 11.5 3.04801 -11.12; 410 13.3 3.04801 -11.12; 411 12.68 3.048 -25.2201;
412 9.87002 3.048 -3.58001; 413 4.95001 3.048 -3.58001;
414 5.03001 3.048 -25.2201; 415 7.58002 3.048 -25.2201;
416 11.01 3.048 -9.06002; 417 13.3 3.048 -9.06002; 418 7.58002 3.048 -8.91002;
419 7.58002 3.048 -13.87; 420 5.03001 3.048 -23.47; 421 12.68 3.048 -23.39;
422 9.67002 3.048 -13.87; 423 0 6.09601 0; 424 5.03001 6.09601 0;
425 9.87002 6.09601 0; 426 15.16 6.09601 0; 427 7.50002 6.09601 -3.58001;
41
428 15.16 6.09601 -3.58001; 429 0 6.09601 -5.71001;
430 4.95001 6.09601 -5.64001; 431 7.58002 6.09601 -5.64001;
432 11.01 6.09601 -6.40001; 433 15.16 6.09601 -6.40001; 434 0 6.09601 -8.76002;
435 6.28001 6.09601 -8.91002; 436 9.67002 6.09601 -9.06002;
437 11.5 6.09601 -9.06002; 438 15.16 6.09601 -9.06002; 439 0 6.09601 -13.87;
440 6.13001 6.09601 -13.87; 441 13.29 6.09601 -13.87; 442 15.16 6.09601 -13.87;
443 0 6.09601 -17.03; 444 7.58002 6.09601 -16.91; 445 15.16 6.09601 -17.03;
446 0 6.09601 -20.49; 447 5.10001 6.09601 -20.49; 448 7.58002 6.09601 -20.42;
449 12.76 6.09601 -20.49; 450 15.16 6.09601 -20.49; 451 0 6.09601 -23.47;
452 7.58002 6.09601 -23.39; 453 15.16 6.09601 -25.2201; 454 0 6.09601 -26.7401;
455 5.03001 6.09601 -26.6701; 456 7.58002 6.09601 -26.6701;
457 12.68 6.09601 -26.6701; 458 9.67002 6.09601 -11.12;
459 11.5 6.09601 -11.12; 460 13.3 6.09601 -11.12; 461 12.68 6.09601 -25.2201;
462 9.87002 6.09601 -3.58001; 463 4.95001 6.09601 -3.58001;
464 5.03001 6.09601 -25.2201; 465 7.58002 6.09601 -25.2201;
466 11.01 6.09601 -9.06002; 467 13.3 6.09601 -9.06002;
468 7.58002 6.09601 -8.91002; 469 7.58002 6.09601 -13.87;
470 5.03001 6.09601 -23.47; 471 12.68 6.09601 -23.39;
472 9.67002 6.09601 -13.87; 473 0 9.14402 0; 474 5.03001 9.14402 0;
475 9.87002 9.14402 0; 476 15.16 9.14402 0; 477 7.50002 9.14402 -3.58001;
478 15.16 9.14402 -3.58001; 479 0 9.14402 -5.71001;
480 4.95001 9.14402 -5.64001; 481 7.58002 9.14402 -5.64001;
482 11.01 9.14402 -6.40001; 483 15.16 9.14402 -6.40001; 484 0 9.14402 -8.76002;
485 6.28001 9.14402 -8.91002; 486 9.67002 9.14402 -9.06002;
487 11.5 9.14402 -9.06002; 488 15.16 9.14402 -9.06002; 489 0 9.14402 -13.87;
490 6.13001 9.14402 -13.87; 491 13.29 9.14402 -13.87; 492 15.16 9.14402 -13.87;
493 0 9.14402 -17.03; 494 7.58002 9.14402 -16.91; 495 15.16 9.14402 -17.03;
496 0 9.14402 -20.49; 497 5.10001 9.14402 -20.49; 498 7.58002 9.14402 -20.42;
499 12.76 9.14402 -20.49; 500 15.16 9.14402 -20.49; 501 0 9.14402 -23.47;
502 7.58002 9.14402 -23.39; 503 15.16 9.14402 -25.2201; 504 0 9.14402 -26.7401;
505 5.03001 9.14402 -26.6701; 506 7.58002 9.14402 -26.6701;
507 12.68 9.14402 -26.6701; 508 9.67002 9.14402 -11.12;
509 11.5 9.14402 -11.12; 510 13.3 9.14402 -11.12; 511 12.68 9.14401 -25.2201;
512 9.87002 9.14401 -3.58001; 513 4.95001 9.14401 -3.58001;
514 5.03001 9.14401 -25.2201; 515 7.58002 9.14401 -25.2201;
516 11.01 9.14401 -9.06002; 517 13.3 9.14401 -9.06002;
518 7.58002 9.14401 -8.91002; 519 7.58002 9.14401 -13.87;
520 5.03001 9.14401 -23.47; 521 12.68 9.14401 -23.39;
522 9.67002 9.14401 -13.87; 523 0 12.192 0; 524 5.03001 12.192 0;
525 9.87002 12.192 0; 526 15.16 12.192 0; 527 7.50002 12.192 -3.58001;
528 15.16 12.192 -3.58001; 529 0 12.192 -5.71001; 530 4.95001 12.192 -5.64001;
531 7.58002 12.192 -5.64001; 532 11.01 12.192 -6.40001;
533 15.16 12.192 -6.40001; 534 0 12.192 -8.76002; 535 6.28001 12.192 -8.91002;
536 9.67002 12.192 -9.06002; 537 11.5 12.192 -9.06002;
538 15.16 12.192 -9.06002; 539 0 12.192 -13.87; 540 6.13001 12.192 -13.87;
541 13.29 12.192 -13.87; 542 15.16 12.192 -13.87; 543 0 12.192 -17.03;
42
544 7.58002 12.192 -16.91; 545 15.16 12.192 -17.03; 546 0 12.192 -20.49;
547 5.10001 12.192 -20.49; 548 7.58002 12.192 -20.42; 549 12.76 12.192 -20.49;
550 15.16 12.192 -20.49; 551 0 12.192 -23.47; 552 7.58002 12.192 -23.39;
553 15.16 12.192 -25.2201; 554 0 12.192 -26.7401; 555 5.03001 12.192 -26.6701;
556 7.58002 12.192 -26.6701; 557 12.68 12.192 -26.6701;
558 9.67002 12.192 -11.12; 559 11.5 12.192 -11.12; 560 13.3 12.192 -11.12;
561 12.68 12.192 -25.2201; 562 9.87002 12.192 -3.58001;
563 4.95001 12.192 -3.58001; 564 5.03001 12.192 -25.2201;
565 7.58002 12.192 -25.2201; 566 11.01 12.192 -9.06002;
567 13.3 12.192 -9.06002; 568 7.58002 12.192 -8.91002;
569 7.58002 12.192 -13.87; 570 5.03001 12.192 -23.47; 571 12.68 12.192 -23.39;
572 9.67002 12.192 -13.87;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
98 1 85; 99 2 86; 100 3 87; 101 4 88; 102 5 89; 103 6 90; 104 7 91; 105 8 92;
106 9 93; 107 10 94; 108 11 95; 109 12 96; 110 13 97; 111 14 98; 112 15 99;
113 16 100; 114 17 101; 115 18 102; 116 19 103; 117 20 104; 118 21 105;
119 22 106; 120 23 107; 121 24 108; 122 25 109; 123 26 110; 124 27 111;
125 28 112; 126 29 113; 127 30 114; 128 31 115; 129 32 116; 130 33 117;
131 34 118; 132 35 119; 133 36 120; 134 37 121; 135 38 122; 136 116 117;
137 117 109; 139 114 110; 140 110 106; 141 118 119; 142 115 112; 143 112 107;
144 107 104; 145 104 103; 146 103 360; 147 102 101; 148 106 105; 149 109 108;
150 116 113; 151 113 108; 152 108 105; 153 105 101; 154 101 96; 155 96 91;
156 91 85; 157 122 121; 158 121 120; 159 120 98; 160 99 121; 162 100 95;
163 95 90; 164 90 88; 165 91 92; 166 92 93; 167 93 89; 168 97 96; 169 97 98;
170 99 354; 171 99 355; 172 95 94; 173 87 88; 174 87 86; 175 86 85;
176 111 110; 177 111 112; 178 110 109; 179 107 106; 180 122 103; 181 97 102;
183 119 123; 184 123 115; 185 92 86; 186 89 350; 187 85 124; 188 86 125;
189 87 126; 190 88 127; 191 89 128; 192 90 129; 193 91 130; 194 92 131;
195 93 132; 196 94 133; 197 95 134; 198 96 135; 199 97 136; 200 98 137;
201 99 138; 202 100 139; 203 101 140; 204 102 141; 205 103 142; 206 104 143;
207 105 144; 208 106 145; 209 107 146; 210 108 147; 211 109 148; 212 110 149;
213 111 150; 214 112 151; 215 113 152; 216 114 153; 217 115 154; 218 116 155;
219 117 156; 220 118 157; 221 119 158; 222 120 159; 223 121 160; 224 122 161;
606 111 123; 623 350 90; 625 354 98; 626 355 100; 627 357 102; 628 360 357;
629 87 350; 630 89 351; 631 352 353; 632 94 354; 633 122 355; 634 93 356;
635 357 106; 636 358 113; 637 114 359; 638 360 120; 639 32 33; 640 33 25;
642 30 26; 643 26 22; 644 34 35; 645 31 28; 646 28 23; 647 23 20; 648 20 19;
649 19 372; 650 18 17; 651 22 21; 652 25 24; 653 32 29; 654 29 24; 655 24 21;
656 21 17; 657 17 12; 658 12 7; 659 7 1; 660 38 37; 661 37 36; 662 36 14;
663 15 37; 664 16 11; 665 11 6; 666 6 4; 667 7 8; 668 8 9; 669 9 5; 670 13 12;
671 13 14; 672 15 366; 673 15 367; 674 11 10; 675 3 4; 676 3 2; 677 2 1;
678 27 26; 679 27 28; 680 26 25; 681 23 22; 682 38 19; 683 13 18; 684 35 361;
685 361 31; 686 8 2; 687 5 362; 688 27 361; 689 362 6; 691 366 14; 692 367 16;
693 369 18; 694 372 369; 695 3 362; 696 5 363; 697 364 365; 698 10 366;
699 38 367; 700 9 368; 701 369 22; 702 370 29; 703 30 371; 704 372 36;
705 373 1; 706 374 2; 707 375 3; 708 376 4; 709 377 5; 710 378 6; 711 379 7;
43
712 380 8; 713 381 9; 714 382 10; 715 383 11; 716 384 12; 717 385 13;
718 386 14; 719 387 15; 720 388 16; 721 389 17; 722 390 18; 723 391 19;
724 392 20; 725 393 21; 726 394 22; 727 395 23; 728 396 24; 729 397 25;
730 398 26; 731 399 27; 732 400 28; 733 401 29; 734 402 30; 735 403 31;
736 404 32; 737 405 33; 738 406 34; 739 407 35; 740 408 36; 741 409 37;
742 410 38; 743 404 405; 744 405 397; 746 402 398; 747 398 394; 748 406 407;
749 403 400; 750 400 395; 751 395 392; 752 392 391; 753 391 422; 754 390 389;
755 394 393; 756 397 396; 757 404 401; 758 401 396; 759 396 393; 760 393 389;
761 389 384; 762 384 379; 763 379 373; 764 410 409; 765 409 408; 766 408 386;
767 387 409; 768 388 383; 769 383 378; 770 378 376; 771 379 380; 772 380 381;
773 381 377; 774 385 384; 775 385 386; 776 387 416; 777 387 417; 778 383 382;
779 375 376; 780 375 374; 781 374 373; 782 399 398; 783 399 400; 784 398 397;
785 395 394; 786 410 391; 787 385 390; 788 407 411; 789 411 403; 790 380 374;
791 377 412; 792 399 411; 793 412 378; 795 416 386; 796 417 388; 797 419 390;
798 422 419; 799 375 412; 800 377 413; 801 414 415; 802 382 416; 803 410 417;
804 381 418; 805 419 394; 806 420 401; 807 402 421; 808 422 408; 809 423 373;
810 424 374; 811 425 375; 812 426 376; 813 427 377; 814 428 378; 815 429 379;
816 430 380; 817 431 381; 818 432 382; 819 433 383; 820 434 384; 821 435 385;
822 436 386; 823 437 387; 824 438 388; 825 439 389; 826 440 390; 827 441 391;
828 442 392; 829 443 393; 830 444 394; 831 445 395; 832 446 396; 833 447 397;
834 448 398; 835 449 399; 836 450 400; 837 451 401; 838 452 402; 839 453 403;
840 454 404; 841 455 405; 842 456 406; 843 457 407; 844 458 408; 845 459 409;
846 460 410; 847 454 455; 848 455 447; 850 452 448; 851 448 444; 852 456 457;
853 453 450; 854 450 445; 855 445 442; 856 442 441; 857 441 472; 858 440 439;
859 444 443; 860 447 446; 861 454 451; 862 451 446; 863 446 443; 864 443 439;
865 439 434; 866 434 429; 867 429 423; 868 460 459; 869 459 458; 870 458 436;
871 437 459; 872 438 433; 873 433 428; 874 428 426; 875 429 430; 876 430 431;
877 431 427; 878 435 434; 879 435 436; 880 437 466; 881 437 467; 882 433 432;
883 425 426; 884 425 424; 885 424 423; 886 449 448; 887 449 450; 888 448 447;
889 445 444; 890 460 441; 891 435 440; 892 457 461; 893 461 453; 894 430 424;
895 427 462; 896 449 461; 897 462 428; 899 466 436; 900 467 438; 901 469 440;
902 472 469; 903 425 462; 904 427 463; 905 464 465; 906 432 466; 907 460 467;
908 431 468; 909 469 444; 910 470 451; 911 452 471; 912 472 458; 913 473 423;
914 474 424; 915 475 425; 916 476 426; 917 477 427; 918 478 428; 919 479 429;
920 480 430; 921 481 431; 922 482 432; 923 483 433; 924 484 434; 925 485 435;
926 486 436; 927 487 437; 928 488 438; 929 489 439; 930 490 440; 931 491 441;
932 492 442; 933 493 443; 934 494 444; 935 495 445; 936 496 446; 937 497 447;
938 498 448; 939 499 449; 940 500 450; 941 501 451; 942 502 452; 943 503 453;
944 504 454; 945 505 455; 946 506 456; 947 507 457; 948 508 458; 949 509 459;
950 510 460; 951 504 505; 952 505 497; 954 502 498; 955 498 494; 956 506 507;
957 503 500; 958 500 495; 959 495 492; 960 492 491; 961 491 522; 962 490 489;
963 494 493; 964 497 496; 965 504 501; 966 501 496; 967 496 493; 968 493 489;
969 489 484; 970 484 479; 971 479 473; 972 510 509; 973 509 508; 974 508 486;
975 487 509; 976 488 483; 977 483 478; 978 478 476; 979 479 480; 980 480 481;
981 481 477; 982 485 484; 983 485 486; 984 487 516; 985 487 517; 986 483 482;
987 475 476; 988 475 474; 989 474 473; 990 499 498; 991 499 500; 992 498 497;
44
993 495 494; 994 510 491; 995 485 490; 996 507 511; 997 511 503; 998 480 474;
999 477 512; 1000 499 511; 1001 512 478; 1003 516 486; 1004 517 488;
1005 519 490; 1006 522 519; 1007 475 512; 1008 477 513; 1009 514 515;
1010 482 516; 1011 510 517; 1012 481 518; 1013 519 494; 1014 520 501;
1015 502 521; 1016 522 508; 1017 523 473; 1018 524 474; 1019 525 475;
1020 526 476; 1021 527 477; 1022 528 478; 1023 529 479; 1024 530 480;
1025 531 481; 1026 532 482; 1027 533 483; 1028 534 484; 1029 535 485;
1030 536 486; 1031 537 487; 1032 538 488; 1033 539 489; 1034 540 490;
1035 541 491; 1036 542 492; 1037 543 493; 1038 544 494; 1039 545 495;
1040 546 496; 1041 547 497; 1042 548 498; 1043 549 499; 1044 550 500;
1045 551 501; 1046 552 502; 1047 553 503; 1048 554 504; 1049 555 505;
1050 556 506; 1051 557 507; 1052 558 508; 1053 559 509; 1054 560 510;
1055 554 555; 1056 555 547; 1058 552 548; 1059 548 544; 1060 556 557;
1061 553 550; 1062 550 545; 1063 545 542; 1064 542 541; 1065 541 572;
1066 540 539; 1067 544 543; 1068 547 546; 1069 554 551; 1070 551 546;
1071 546 543; 1072 543 539; 1073 539 534; 1074 534 529; 1075 529 523;
1076 560 559; 1077 559 558; 1078 558 536; 1079 537 559; 1080 538 533;
1081 533 528; 1082 528 526; 1083 529 530; 1084 530 531; 1085 531 527;
1086 535 534; 1087 535 536; 1088 537 566; 1089 537 567; 1090 533 532;
1091 525 526; 1092 525 524; 1093 524 523; 1094 549 548; 1095 549 550;
1096 548 547; 1097 545 544; 1098 560 541; 1099 535 540; 1100 557 561;
1101 561 553; 1102 530 524; 1103 527 562; 1104 549 561; 1105 562 528;
1107 566 536; 1108 567 538; 1109 569 540; 1110 572 569; 1111 525 562;
1112 527 563; 1113 564 565; 1114 532 566; 1115 560 567; 1116 531 568;
1117 569 544; 1118 570 551; 1119 552 571; 1120 572 558; 1121 552 556;
1122 502 506; 1123 452 456; 1124 402 406; 1125 30 34; 1126 114 118;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.17184e+007
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 23.5615
ALPHA 5.5e-006
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
136 137 139 TO 160 162 TO 181 183 TO 186 606 623 625 TO 640 642 TO 689 691 -
692 TO 704 743 744 746 TO 793 795 TO 808 847 848 850 TO 897 899 TO 912 951 -
952 954 TO 1001 1003 TO 1016 1055 1056 1058 TO 1105 1107 TO 1125 -
1126 PRIS YD 0.45 ZD 0.23
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
98 TO 104 107 TO 109 113 114 116 TO 118 120 TO 122 124 TO 129 135 187 TO 193
-
196 TO 198 202 203 205 TO 207 209 TO 211 213 TO 218 224 705 TO 711 -
714 TO 716 720 721 723 TO 725 727 TO 729 731 TO 736 742 809 TO 815 -
818 TO 820 824 825 827 TO 829 831 TO 833 835 TO 840 846 913 TO 919 -
922 TO 924 928 929 931 TO 933 935 TO 937 939 TO 944 950 1017 TO 1023 1026 -
45
1027 TO 1028 1032 1033 1035 TO 1037 1039 TO 1041 1043 TO 1048 -
1054 PRIS YD 0.45 ZD 0.23
110 199 717 821 925 1029 PRIS YD 0.23 ZD 0.45
105 106 123 130 TO 132 194 195 212 219 TO 221 712 713 730 737 TO 739 816 817 -
834 841 TO 843 920 921 938 945 TO 947 1024 1025 1042 1049 TO 1050 -
1051 PRIS YD 0.23 ZD 0.45
111 112 133 134 200 201 222 223 718 719 740 741 822 823 844 845 926 927 948 -
949 1030 1031 1052 1053 PRIS YD 0.45 ZD 0.23
115 204 722 826 930 1034 PRIS YD 0.45 ZD 0.23
119 208 726 830 934 1038 PRIS YD 0.23 ZD 0.45
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
124 TO 161 PINNED
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE DL SW
SELFWEIGHT Y -1
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE DL WL
MEMBER LOAD
136 137 139 TO 160 162 TO 181 183 TO 186 606 623 625 TO 640 642 TO 689 691 -
692 TO 704 743 744 746 TO 793 795 TO 808 847 848 850 TO 897 899 TO 912 951 -
952 954 TO 1001 1003 TO 1016 1055 1056 1058 TO 1105 1107 TO 1125 -
1126 UNI GY -14
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE DL (SL+FF)
FLOOR LOAD
YRANGE -3.048 12.192 FLOAD -1 GY
LOAD 4 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE LL
FLOOR LOAD
YRANGE -3.048 12.192 FLOAD -3 GY
LOAD COMB 5 1.5(DL+LL)
1 1.5 2 1.5 3 1.5 4 1.5
PERFORM ANALYSIS
START CONCRETE DESIGN
CODE INDIAN
FC 20000 ALL
DESIGN BEAM 136 137 139 TO 160 162 TO 181 183 TO 186 606 623 625 TO 640
642 -
643 TO 689 691 TO 704 743 744 746 TO 793 795 TO 808 847 848 850 TO 897 899 -
900 TO 912 951 952 954 TO 1001 1003 TO 1016 1055 1056 1058 TO 1105 -
1107 TO 1120
DESIGN COLUMN 98 TO 135 187 TO 224 705 TO 742 809 TO 846 913 TO 950 -
1017 TO 1054
FYMAIN 415000 ALL
MINMAIN 20 MEMB 136 137 139 TO 160 162 TO 181 183 TO 186 606 623 625 TO
640 -
642 TO 689 691 TO 704 743 744 746 TO 793 795 TO 808 847 848 850 TO 897 899 -
900 TO 912 951 952 954 TO 1001 1003 TO 1016 1055 1056 1058 TO 1105 -
46
1107 TO 1126
END CONCRETE DESIGN
PERFORM ANALYSIS
FINISH

47
STAAD PRO ANALYSIS RESULTS:

JOINT MEMBER MAX MAX

NEGATIVE POSITIVE
MOMENT MOMENT
kN-m kN-m
A AB 70.86 Mid span of
AB= 30.46
B BA 69.82 Mid span of
BC 67.46 BC= 26.28
C CB 67.34 Mid span of
CD 74.19 CD= 27.42
D DC 68.80

Comparing the results of manual analysis and STAAD analysis we can come to a
conclusion that both the results are more or less the same thus the design of
structural components henceforth is carried out using the results from STAAD
analysis.

48
 DESIGN OF BEAMS

49
 DESIGN OF BEAMS

In building frames, the beam sizes are usually governed by moments and shear
forces at the support where their effective section is rectangular. The total load coming
on the beam is the sum of,
1. Its self weight
2. Load from the slab and
3. Load from the walls supported by the beam.

To arrive the preliminary dimension the following points are to be considered:

i) Depth of the beam = 1/12 to 1/15 of the span
ii) Width of the beam = 1/2 to 1/3 of the depth
iii) Maximum Bending Moment that the beam is subjected to

The apportioning of gravity loads (dead and live loads) to the various secondary
or primary beams are done by considering the tributary areas. These areas are based on
the assumption that the uniformly distributed gravity loads in any panel are divided
among the supporting beams by lines midway between the lines of support. In case of a
‘Two-way Rectangular slab panel, this implies a triangular shaped tributary area on
each of the short spans beams and a trapezoidal area on each of he two long span
beams. When the slab is one-way, the trapezoidal tributary area on each beam may be
approximated as a simple rectangle.

50
Bending moment from manual analysis,

Moment at joints:
A=68.56 KN-m
B=98.8 KN-m
C=92.29 KN-m
D=63.72 KN-m

Moment at mid span:

AB=51.6 KN-m
BC=47.25 KN-m
CD=46.2 KN-m

Depth calculation:

For M20 and Fe415

Mu/bd2=2.76
98.83x106/ (300x2.76) =d2

d=345mm

:-provide D=450mm & d=400mm

To find Ast:

From limit state method we know that,

Mu=0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1-(Ast x fy/b x d x fck))

No of bars=Ast/Ast of 1 bar
JOINT A:

68.56x106=0.87x415x Ast x400x (1-(Ast x415)/ (20x230x400)

Ast =603mm2

Assume 16 mm dia bars,

N=603/ (0.25x3.14x162)
N=2.9= 3bars

51
JOINT B:

98.8x106=0.87x415x Ast x400x (1-(Ast x415)/ (20x230x400)

Ast =569mm2

Assume 16 mm dia bars,

N=569/ (0.25x3.14x162)
N=2.8= 3bars

JOINT C:

92.9x106=0.87x415x Ast x400x (1-(Ast x415)/ (20x230x400)

Ast =544mm2

Assume 16 mm dia bars,

N=544/ (0.25x3.14x162)
N=2.7= 3bars

MIDSPAN OF AB:

51.6x106=0.87x415x Ast x400x (1-(Ast x415)/ (20x230x400)

Ast =334mm2

Assume 16 mm dia bars,

N=334/ (0.25x3.14x162)

N=1.6= 2bars

MIDSPAN OF BC:

47.25x106=0.87x415x Ast x400x (1-(Ast x415)/ (20x230x400)

Ast =271mm2

Assume 16 mm dia bars,

N=271/ (0.25x3.14x162) N=1.35= 2bars

52
MIDSPAN OF CD:

46.2x106=0.87x415x Ast x400x (1-(Ast x415)/ (20x230x400)

Ast =256mm2

Assume 16 mm dia bars,

N=256/ (0.25x3.14x162) N=1.27= 2bars

Similarly all the beams are designed and the reinforcement details are
given below.

53
54
 DESIGN OF COLUMNS

DESIGN OF COLUMNS

Column is the compression member that’s effective length should be greater than three

55
times the least lateral dimension. In general, column sections will be subjected to axial
load and biaxial moment. Initially the bending moment is unknown. Therefore the
direct load coming above a certain section of the column is computed and multiplied by
suitable factor (depending on its position in plan and elevation), accounting for the
bending of the column moments acting on the section.

The equivalent direct load obtained after multiplying the axial load by a suitable factor
is divided by allowing direct compression stress to obtain the area of cross section from
which, the size of the column can be fixed.

The axial loads on the column at each floor level are obtained from the beam being
shared equally by the two supporting columns. In addition to the gravity loads
transferred from the floor slabs, loads from masonry walls as well as self weight of the
beams and columns should be considered. The columns have been designed using limit
state method.

56
CORNER COLUMN:

Axial load = 710 KN

Factored load = 1065 KN

Effective length = 0.65L=1.98m

Slenderness ratio = 1.98/0.23

= 8.6 < 12
Therefore, Design the column as short column.

Mux = 34.28KN-m
Muy = 50.5 KN-m

Pu = 1065 KN

Size of column = 0.23X0.45m

Assume % of steel = 4%

P /fck= 4/20=0.2

d’/D=50/450=0.11

Chart for d’/D = 0.15 will be used

Pu/ (fck b D) = 10.65x103/ (20x230x450) = 0.51

Mux1/ (fck b d2) = 0.17

Mux1 = 0.17x20x230x4502
= 158.35 KN-m

d’/D=50/230=0.217

Chart for d’/D = 0.2 will be used

Muy1/( fck b d2 ) = 0.15

Muy1 = 0.15x20x450x2302
= 71.415 KN-m
Ag = 230x450 = 103500mm2

100 As/b d = 4

57
As = 4x230x450/100 = 4140mm2

Ac=103500-4140 = 99360mm2

Puz = 0.45 fck Ac + 0.75 fy As

= 0.45x20x99360 + 0.75x415x4140
= 2182.1KN

Pu/Puz= 1065/2182 = 0.48

αn = 1+(2-1)/0.6x(0.488-0.2)
αn = 1.48

(Mux/Mux1)αn + (Muy/Muy1) αn ≤ 1

(34.28/158.35)1.48 + (50.5/71.415)1.48 ≤ 1

0.78 ≤ 1

Hence it is safe.

Ast = 4140mm2

No of bars = 4140/ (π/4)202

= 8.4 Ω 12

Therefore, provide 12 nos of 20mm dia bar

Dia of lateral ties is 8mm

Pitch = 16x20=320 or 300mm or 230mm whichever is less

Therefore, Pitch = 230mm

Similarly all the columns are designed and the reinforcement details are
given below.

58
Corner column:

59
 DESIGN OF FOOTINGS

60
 DESIGN OF FOOTINGS

A footing is a structural element used to transmit the vertical loads coming from the
super structure on to the sufficient area on the soil so that the stresses induced in the
soil are within the safe limit. Generally, a footing is to be designed so that the net
settlement is reduced and the soil is not being overstressed which may otherwise lead to
the entire structure.

The design of footings plays a pivotal rule for the structures. To achieve better results
isolated footings are found to be more convenient and economical on the modes of
structural safety and stability for the buildings. Designed upon the soil condition the
footing should be designed.

The function of the footing is to transmit the load from the super structure to
underlying soil. The nature of loads acting on varies nodes of structures are being
analyzed and the net load arriving on the footing is initially estimated. The footings
have been designed using limit state method.

ASSUMPTIONS:

Allowable Soil Pressure = 250N/mm2

61
 Column size = 230mm x 450mm

LOAD CALCULATION:

Total load acting on footing=707KN

Self weight of footing =10% of total load
=0.1x707=70.7KN

Total load=777.7KN

Area=load/bearing capacity

Bearing capacity of soil=250KN/m2

Area=777.7/500=2.33m2

Design load=1.5xload on footing

=1.5x777.7
=1060.5KN
Upward soil pressure=design load/footing area
=1060.5/3
=355<500KN/m2
BM @x1, x1 for 1m strip along the length
Mu=1/2 x qu(L-lw/2)2

=1/2x355.5 (2-0.45/2)2=106.7KN-m
BM @ X2, X2
Mu=1/2x3.55 (1.5-.23/2)2
=71.67KN-m

Mu/bd2=2.76
d=(106.7x106)/(2.76x1000)
d=196

Therefore, provide d=440mm & D=500mm

62
Ast along length

Mu=0.87x fy x Astxdx(1-Asxfy/b x d x fck)

106.7x106=087x415xAstx440 (1-Ast415/1000x440x20)

Ast=694mm2

Spacing=3.14/4x202x1000/694
=162
Provide 20mm dia @ 300mm c/c

Ast along width

Ast=461mm2
Ast in middle band=2/ß+1xtotal reinforcement in shorter direction
=2/1.33+1x461
=396mm2
Spacing =3.14/4x202x1000/396=793
Provide 20mm dia @ 300mm c/c in middle strip

Edge strip reinforcement

Ast=694-461/2=116.5mm2
Spacing =3.14/202x1000/116.5=696

Therefore, provide 20mm dia @ 450mm c/c in edge strip

Similarly all the footings are designed and the reinforcement details are
given below.

63
 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF FOOTING

64
 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

65
 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

Staircase is used for the purpose of giving access to different floors in a building.
The location of staircase should be easily accessible from different points of building.
Sufficient light and ventilation are available on stairway. On the whole, the building
consists of a single stair case. Also, the staircase is designed as a dog- legged type.

Stairs consist of steps arranged in a series for purpose of giving access to

different floors of a building. Since a stair is often the only means of communication
between the various floors a building, the location of the stair requires good and careful
consideration. In a residential house the staircase may be provided near the main
entrance itself and located centrally, to provide quick accessibility to the principal
apartments. All staircases should be adequately lighted and properly ventilated.

The live loads to be considered on stairs have been stipulated by IS 875 (part-2)-
1987 code of practice for structural safety of building. As per this code the live load on
stairs and landings may be taken at 3000N/m 2 in buildings, where there are no
possibilities of overcrowding. But in the case of public buildings and warehouses,
where overcrowding is likely, live load may be taken at 5000N/m2.

66
INTRODUCTION

The size of the room for the dog- legged stair case is 3.7m x 2.75m.
A rise of 150mm and a thread of 250mm are provided in the case of dog-legged type of
stair case.

ASSUMPTIONS
Tread = 250mm
Rise = 150mm
Slab thickness = 150mm
Finishing load = 1KN/m
Live load = 3KN/m

LOAD CALCULATIONS:
Tan  = 150/ 250
 = 3056
Cos  = 0.859
Self weight of slab = (0.15 x 25)/ 0.85
= 4.73KN/m……………… (1)
Weight of steps/ m length = (1 x 0.15 x 0.25 x 25)/ (2 x 0.3)
= 1.875KN/m………. (2)
Floor finish = 1KN/m………………………. (3)

67
Live load = 3KN/m…………………………….. (4)
Total load = (1) + (2) + (3) + (4)

Total load = 9KN/m.

Bending moment = (w l2)/8
Bending moment = 15.4KN-m
For M20 & Fe 415
Q = 1.11
J = 0.904
Moment of resistance (MOR) = Q b d2
d2 = (15.4 x 106)/ (1.11 x 103)
d = 117mm
Provide, effective cover = 25mm.
Hence, Provided = 150mm & d = 125mm.

Ast = (M)/ (st xj d)

Ast = 592mm2
Spacing = (3.14 x 122 x 103)/ (592)
Spacing = 175mm
Hence, Provide 10mm  at 175mm c/c.

DISTRIBUTORS:

Ast = (0.12 X 103 X 150)/ 100

Ast = 180 mm2
Spacing = (3.14 x 64 x 103)/ (180)
68
Spacing = 275mm
Hence, Provide 8mm  at 275mm c/c.

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF STAIRCASE

69
70
 ESTIMATING AND COSTING

71
 ESTIMATION AND COSTING

The estimation of the building is prepared by calculating the quantities of the

following.

 Earthwork excavation (cu.ft)

 Sand filling (cu.ft)
 Plain cement concrete (cu.ft)
 Reinforcement cement concrete (cu.ft)
 Brick work (cu.ft)
 Plastering (sq.ft)
 Flooring (sq.ft)
 Steel reinforcement (kg)
 Structural glassing (m2)
 Plumbing works
 Electrical works
 Doors and windows works
 Painting (sq.ft)

Short wall and long wall method has been utilized for making all the calculations
pertaining to the estimation of this building. Microsoft excel worksheets were used for
the calculation purposes.

The rates pertaining to the varies quantities were worked out from the prevailing
market rates considering the material and the labour cost and calculated finally for their
respective units.

72
S.N DESCRIPTION UNI NO LENG BREAD DEPT QUANTI
O T S TH TH H (m) TY (m3)
(m) (m)
1 Earthwork in
excavation:
a)Footing 1 m3 21 2 1.5 2 126
b)footing 2 m3 13 2.5 2 2 130
c)footing3 m3 4 1 1 2 8
d)Plinth beam1 m3 2 9.33 0.23 0.25 1.07295
e)Plinth beam2 m3 2 16.25 0.23 0.25 1.86875
f)Plinth beam 3 m3 2 3.63 0.23 0.25 0.41745
g)Plinth beam 4 m3 2 3.28 0.23 0.25 0.3772
h)Plinth beam 5 m3 2 4.75 0.23 0.25 0.54625
i)Plinth beam 6 m3 1 10.83 0.23 0.25 0.622725
j)Plinth beam 7 m3 1 8.33 0.23 0.25 0.478975
k)Plinth beam 8 m3 1 7.08 0.23 0.25 0.4071
l)Plinth beam 9 m3 1 3.24 0.23 0.25 0.1863
m)Plinth beam m3 1 3.53 0.23 0.25 0.202975
10
n)Plinth beam 11 m3 1 2.35 0.23 0.25 0.135125
o)Plinth beam 12 m3 1 9.8 0.23 0.25 0.5635
p)Plinth beam 13 m3 1 5.78 0.23 0.25 0.33235
q)Plinth beam 14 m3 1 6 0.23 0.25 0.345

TOT 271.56
AL
2 SAND FILLING
FOR FOOTING:
a)Footing 1 m3 21 2 1.5 0.15 9.45
b)Footing 2 m3 13 2.5 2 0.15 9.75
c)Footing 3 m3 4 1 1 0.15 0.6
TOT 19.8
AL
3 PCC IN
FOUNDATION
a)Footing 1 m3 21 2 1.5 0.15 9.45
b)Footing 2 m3 13 2.5 2 0.15 9.75
c)Footing 3 m3 4 1 1 0.15 0.6
TOT 19.8
AL

4 R.C.C FOR
73
 FOOTING:
a)Footing 1 m3 21 2 1.5 0.5 31.5
b)Footing 2 m3 13 2.5 2 0.6 39
c)Footing 3 m3 4 1 1 0.5 2
TOT 72.5
AL
5 R.C.C FOR
COLUMN:
Ground Floor m3 38 0.45 0.23 4.3 16.9119
First Floor m3 38 0.45 0.23 3.048 11.98778
4
Second Floor m3 38 0.45 0.23 3.048 11.98778
4
Third Floor m3 38 0.45 0.23 3.048 11.98778
4
Fourth Floor m3 38 0.45 0.23 3.048 11.98778
4
Terrace m3 38 0.45 0.23 0.914 3.596335
4 2
TOT 68.459
AL
6 R.C.C FOR
BEAM:
GROUND
FLOOR:
a)Plinth beam 1 m3 2 13.98 0.23 0.45 2.89386
b)Plinth beam 2 m3 2 25.03 0.23 0.45 5.18121
c)Plinth beam 3 m3 2 4.88 0.23 0.45 1.01016
d)Plinth beam 4 m3 2 7.09 0.23 0.45 1.46763
e)Plinth beam 5 m3 2 6.24 0.23 0.45 1.29168
f)Plinth beam 6 m3 1 14.1 0.23 0.45 1.45935
g)Plinth beam 7 m3 1 13.2 0.23 0.45 1.3662
h)Plinth beam 8 m3 1 13.41 0.23 0.45 1.387935
i)Plinth beam 9 m3 1 7.51 0.23 0.45 0.777285
j)Plinth beam 10 m3 1 26.4 0.23 0.45 2.7324
k)Plinth beam 11 m3 1 9.63 0.23 0.45 0.996705
l)Plinth beam 12 m3 1 5.79 0.23 0.45 0.599265
m)Plinth beam m3 1 4.07 0.23 0.45 0.421245
13
n)Plinth beam 14 m3 1 10.43 0.23 0.45 1.079505
o)Plinth beam 15 m3 1 3.35 0.23 0.45 0.346725

TOTAL 23.011
FIRST FLOOR
74
 a)Beam 1 m3 2 13.98 0.23 0.45 2.89386
b)Beam 2 m3 2 25.03 0.23 0.45 5.18121
c)Beam 3 m3 2 4.88 0.23 0.45 1.01016
d)Beam 4 m3 2 7.09 0.23 0.45 1.46763
e)Beam 5 m3 2 6.24 0.23 0.45 1.29168
f)Beam 6 m3 1 14.1 0.23 0.45 1.45935
g)Beam 7 m3 1 13.2 0.23 0.45 1.3662
h)Beam 8 m3 1 13.41 0.23 0.45 1.387935
i)Beam 9 m3 1 7.51 0.23 0.45 0.777285
j)Beam 10 m3 1 26.4 0.23 0.45 2.7324
k)Beam 11 m3 1 9.63 0.23 0.45 0.996705
l)Beam 12 m3 1 5.79 0.23 0.45 0.599265
m)Beam 13 m3 1 4.07 0.23 0.45 0.421245
n)Beam 14 m3 1 10.43 0.23 0.45 1.079505
o)Beam 15 m3 1 3.35 0.23 0.45 0.346725
TOTAL 23.01116
SECOND m3 23.01116
FLOOR
THIRD FLOOR m3 23.01116
FOURTH m3 23.01116
FLOOR
TOTAL 115.06
7 RCC FOR
SLAB:
a)Ground floor m3 1 26.9 15.58 0.15 62.8653
Deduct stair m3 1 4 2.5 0.15 1.5
Deduct OTS 1 m3 1 1 1.15 0.15 0.1725
Deduct OTS 2 m3 1 1.52 1.11 0.15 0.25308
Deduct OTS 3 m3 1 1.11 1.11 0.15 0.184815
Deduct OTS 4 m3 1 1.78 2.4 0.15 0.6408
Deduct ED m3 1 1.828 1.676 0.15 0.459559
2
Deduct Lift m3 1 1.828 1.524 0.15 0.417880
8
TOTAL 59.236
b)First floor m3 1 59.236
c)Second floor m3 1 59.236
d)Third floor m3 1 59.236
e)Fourth floor m3 1 59.236

TOTAL 296.18
8 Brick Work:
GROUND
75
 FLOOR:
External m3 1 68 0.23 3.048 47.67072
a)Bed room
Main wall m3 1 1.22 0.23 3.048 0.855268
8
Partition wall m3 1 5.1 0.11 3.048 1.709928
Deduction
W1 m3 1 0.99 0.23 1.37 0.311949
W2 m3 1 0.76 0.23 1.37 0.239476
D m3 1 0.99 0.23 2.13 0.485001
D1 m3 1 0.84 0.23 2.13 0.411516
1.124
b)Kitchen
Partition wall m3 1 8 0.11 3.048 2.68224
Deduction
W2 m3 1 0.76 0.23 1.37 0.239476
D m3 1 0.99 0.23 2.13 0.485001
1.958
c)Toilet
Main wall m3 1 1.18 0.23 3.048 0.827227
2
Partition wall m3 1 3.85 0.11 3.048 1.290828
Deduction
V m3 1 0.91 0.23 0.61 0.127673
1.99
d)Toilet
Main wall m3 1 1.03 0.23 3.048 0.722071
2
Partition wall m3 1 1.33 0.11 3.048 0.445922
4
Deduction
V m3 1 0.91 0.23 0.61 0.127673
D1 m3 1 0.84 0.11 2.13 0.196812
0.844
e)Dining Hall m3 1 2.74 0.11 3.048 0.918667

f)Bed Room m3 1 6.47 0.11 3.048 2.169261

6
Deduction
D m3 1 0.99 0.23 2.13 0.485001
W3 m3 2 0.61 0.23 1.22 0.342332
1.342

76
 g)Living Room m3 1 5.33 0.23 3.048 3.736543
2
Deduction
ED m3 2 1.22 0.23 2.13 1.195356
2.541

h)Passage m3 1 1.828 0.23 3.048 1.281501

12
Deduction
W2 m3 1 0.76 0.23 1.37 0.239476
ED m3 1 1.22 0.23 2.13 0.597678
0.445

i)Lift m3 1 5.18 0.23 3.048 3.631387

2
Deduction m3 1 0.91 0.23 3.048 0.637946
4
2.994

j)Electrical Duct m3 1 1.68 0.23 3.048 1.177747

k)Electrical m3 1 2.22 0.23 3.048 1.556308

Room 8
Deduction
W2 m3 2 0.76 0.23 1.37 0.478952
D m3 1 0.99 0.23 2.13 0.485001
0.593

TOTAL 63.598
FIRST FLOOR:
External m3 1 96.62 0.23 3.048 67.73448
a)Bed room
Main wall m3 4 1.22 0.23 3.048 3.421075
2
Partition wall m3 4 5.1 0.11 3.048 6.839712
Deduction
W1 m3 4 0.99 0.23 1.37 1.247796
W2 m3 4 0.76 0.23 1.37 0.957904
D m3 4 0.99 0.23 2.13 1.940004
D1 m3 4 0.84 0.23 2.13 1.646064
4.47
b)Kitchen
Partition wall m3 4 8 0.11 3.048 10.72896
Deduction

77
 W2 m3 4 0.76 0.23 1.37 0.957904
D m3 4 0.99 0.23 2.13 1.940004
7.831

c)Toilet
Main wall m3 4 1.18 0.23 3.048 3.308908
8
Partition wall m3 4 3.85 0.11 3.048 5.163312
Deduction
V m3 4 0.91 0.23 0.61 0.510692
7.961
d)Toilet
Main wall m3 4 1.03 0.23 3.048 2.888284
8
Partition wall m3 4 1.33 0.11 3.048 1.783689
6
Deduction
V m3 4 0.91 0.23 0.61 0.510692
D1 m3 4 0.84 0.11 2.13 0.787248
3.374

e)Dining Hall m3 4 2.74 0.11 3.048 3.674669

f)Bed Room m3 4 6.47 0.11 3.048 8.677046

4
Deduction
D m3 4 0.99 0.23 2.13 1.940004
W3 m3 8 0.61 0.23 1.22 1.369328
5.358

g)Living Room m3 4 5.33 0.23 3.048 14.94617

28
Deduction
ED m3 8 1.22 0.23 2.13 4.781424
10.165

h)Passage m3 1 1.828 0.23 3.048 1.281501

12
Deduction
W2 m3 1 0.76 0.23 1.37 0.239476
ED m3 1 1.22 0.23 2.13 0.597678
0.445

i)Lift m3 1 5.18 0.23 3.048 3.631387

2
78
 Deduction m3 1 0.91 0.23 3.048 0.637946
4
2.994

j)Electrical Duct m3 1 1.68 0.23 3.048 1.177747

TOT 115.18
AL

SECOND m3 1 115.18
FLOOR:

THIRD FLOOR: m3 1 115.18

FOURTH m3 1 115.18
FLOOR:
TERRACE:
Parapet Wall m3 1 96.62 0.23 0.914 98.7644
4

TOTAL 98.764

TOTAL 623.1

9 PLASTERING:
a)12mm THICK
PLASTERING
IN INSIDE
WALLS:
GROUND
FLOOR:
External m2 1 68 3.048 207.264
a)Bed room
Main wall m2 1 1.22 3.048 3.71856
Partition wall m2 1 5.1 3.048 15.5448
Deduction
W1 m2 1 0.99 1.37 1.3563
W2 m2 1 0.76 1.37 1.0412
D m2 1 0.99 2.13 2.1087
D1 m2 1 0.84 2.13 1.7892
12.968

b)Kitchen

79
 Partition wall m2 1 8 3.048 24.384
Deduction
W2 m2 1 0.76 1.37 1.0412
D m2 1 0.99 2.13 2.1087
21.234

c)Toilet
Main wall m2 1 1.18 3.048 3.59664
Partition wall m2 1 3.85 3.048 11.7348
Deduction
V m2 1 0.91 0.61 0.5551
14.775
d)Toilet
Main wall m2 1 1.03 3.048 3.13944
Partition wall m2 1 1.33 3.048 4.05384
Deduction
V m2 1 0.91 0.61 0.5551
D1 m2 1 0.84 2.13 1.7892
4.852

e)Dining Hall m2 1 2.74 3.048 8.35152

f)Bed Room m2 1 6.47 3.048 19.72056

Deduction
D m2 1 0.99 2.13 2.1087
W3 m2 2 0.61 1.22 1.4884
16.124

g)Living Room m2 1 5.33 3.048 16.24584

Deduction
ED m2 2 1.22 2.13 5.1972
2.541

h)Passage m2 1 1.828 3.048 5.571744

Deduction
W2 m2 1 0.76 1.37 1.0412
ED m2 1 1.22 2.13 2.5986
11.048

i)Lift m2 1 5.18 3.048 15.78864

Deduction m2 1 0.91 3.048 2.77368
13.015

j)Electrical Duct m2 1 1.68 3.048 5.12064

80
 k)Electrical m2 1 2.22 3.048 6.76656
Room
Deduction
W2 m2 2 0.76 1.37 2.0824
D m2 1 0.99 2.13 2.1087
2.576

TOTAL 319.87

FIRST FLOOR:
External m2 1 96.62 3.048 294.4978
a)Bed room
Main wall m2 4 1.22 3.048 14.87424
Partition wall m2 4 5.1 3.048 62.1792
Deduction
W1 m2 4 0.99 1.37 5.4252
W2 m2 4 0.76 1.37 4.1648
D m2 4 0.99 2.13 8.4348
D1 m2 4 0.84 2.13 7.1568
51.872

b)Kitchen
Partition wall m2 4 8 3.048 97.536
Deduction
W2 m2 4 0.76 1.37 4.1648
D m2 4 0.99 2.13 8.4348
84.938

c)Toilet
Main wall m2 4 1.18 3.048 14.38656
Partition wall m2 4 3.85 3.048 46.9392
Deduction
V m2 4 0.91 0.61 2.2204
59.105
d)Toilet
Main wall m2 4 1.03 3.048 12.55776
Partition wall m2 4 1.33 3.048 16.21536
Deduction
V m2 4 0.91 0.61 2.2204
D1 m2 4 0.84 2.13 7.1568
19.396

e)Dining Hall m2 4 2.74 3.048 33.40608

81
 f)Bed Room m2 4 6.47 3.048 78.88224
Deduction
D m2 4 0.99 2.13 8.4348
W3 m2 8 0.61 1.22 5.9536
64.495

g)Living Room m2 4 5.33 3.048 64.98336

Deduction
ED m2 8 1.22 2.13 20.7888
44.195

h)Passage m2 1 1.828 3.048 5.571744

Deduction
W2 m2 1 0.76 1.37 1.0412
ED m2 1 1.22 2.13 2.5986
1.932

i)Lift m2 1 5.18 3.048 15.78864

Deduction m2 1 0.91 3.048 2.77368
13.015

j)Electrical Duct m2 1 1.68 3.048 5.12064

TOTAL 671.97

SECOND m2 1 671.97
FLOOR:

THIRD FLOOR: m2 1 671.97

FOURTH m2 1 671.97
FLOOR:

TERRACE:
Parapet Wall m2 1 96.62 0.914 98.5344
4
TOTAL 98.5344

TOTAL 3106.3
b)12mm THICK 3106.3
PLASTERING
IN OUTSIDE
WALLS:

82
 c)6mm THICK
PLASTERING
IN CEILING:
GROUND m2
FLOOR 1 143.81
FIRST FLOOR m2 1 394.18
SECOND m2
FLOOR 1 394.18
THIRD FLOOR m2 1 394.18
FOURTH m2
FLOOR 1 394.18
Deduct stair m2 5 4 2.5 50
Deduct OTS 1 m2 5 1 1.15 5.75
Deduct OTS 2 m2 5 1.52 1.11 8.436
Deduct OTS 3 m2 5 1.11 1.11 6.1605
Deduct OTS 4 m2 5 1.78 2.4 21.36
Deduct ED m2 5 1.828 1.676 15.31864
Deduct Lift m2 5 1.828 1.524 13.92936
TOTAL 1599.6

10 PAINTING:
INSIDE m2 1 3106.3
OUTSIDE m2 1 3106.3
CEILING m2 1 1599.6

TOTAL 7812.2

Marble flooring
11 in all the rooms:
GROUND m2
FLOOR 1 143.81
FIRST FLOOR m2 1 394.18
SECOND m2
FLOOR 1 394.18
THIRD FLOOR m2 1 394.18
FOURTH m2
FLOOR 1 394.18
Deduct stair m2 5 4 2.5 50
Deduct OTS 1 m2 5 1 1.15 5.75
Deduct OTS 2 m2 5 1.52 1.11 8.436
Deduct OTS 3 m2 5 1.11 1.11 6.1605
83
 Deduct OTS 4 m2 5 1.78 2.4 21.36
Deduct ED m2 5 1.828 1.676 15.31864
Deduct Lift m2 5 1.828 1.524 13.92936

TOTAL 1599.6

Concrete m2
flooring in all the
rooms: 1 250.37

Supplying &
Fixing of Wall
12 Tiles in Toilet:
GROUND
FLOOR:
a) TOILET 1:
LONG WALL m2 2 2.43 3.048 14.81328
SHORT WALL m2 2 1.41 3.048 8.59536
DEDUCTION:
D1 m2 1 0.84 2.13 1.7892
V m2 1 0.91 0.61 0.5551

TOTAL 21.064

b) TOILET 2:
LONG WALL m2 2 1.88 3.048 11.46048
SHORT WALL m2 2 1.33 3.048 8.10768
DEDUCTION:
D1 m2 1 0.84 2.13 1.7892
V m2 1 0.91 0.61 0.5551

TOTAL 17.224

TOTAL 38.288
FIRST FLOOR:
a) TOILET 1:
LONG WALL m2 2 2.43 3.048 14.81328
SHORT WALL m2 2 1.41 3.048 8.59536
DEDUCTION:
D1 m2 1 0.84 2.13 1.7892
V m2 1 0.91 0.61 0.5551

TOTAL 21.064
84
 b) TOILET 2:
LONG WALL m2 2 1.88 3.048 11.46048
SHORT WALL m2 2 1.33 3.048 8.10768
DEDUCTION:
D1 m2 1 0.84 2.13 1.7892
V m2 1 0.91 0.61 0.5551

TOTAL 17.224

c) TOILET 3:
LONG WALL m2 2 1.88 3.048 11.46048
SHORT WALL m2 2 1.33 3.048 8.10768
DEDUCTION:
D1 m2 1 0.84 2.13 1.7892
V2 m2 1 0.61 0.61 0.3721

TOTAL 17.407

d) TOILET 4:
m2 18.58060
LONG WALL 2 3.048 3.048 8
SHORT WALL m2 2 1.41 3.048 8.59536
DEDUCTION:
D1 m2 1 0.84 2.13 1.7892
V2 m2 1 0.61 0.61 0.3721

TOTAL 25.014

e) TOILET 5:
m2 12.07617
LONG WALL 2 1.981 3.048 6
SHORT WALL m2 2 1.41 3.048 8.59536
DEDUCTION:
D1 m2 1 0.84 2.13 1.7892
V1 m2 1 0.76 0.61 0.4636

TOTAL 18.419

f) TOILET 6:

85
 m2 16.72132
LONG WALL 2 2.743 3.048 8
SHORT WALL m2 2 1.33 3.048 8.10768
DEDUCTION:
D1 m2 1 0.84 2.13 1.7892
V m2 1 0.91 0.61 0.5551

TOTAL 22.485

g) TOILET 7:
LONG WALL m2 2 2.133 3.048 13.00276
8
SHORT WALL m2 2 1.409 3.048 8.589264
DEDUCTION:
D1 m2 1 0.84 2.13 1.7892
V m2 1 0.91 0.61 0.5551

TOTAL 19.248

h) TOILET 8:
LONG WALL m2 2 2.247 3.048 13.69771
2
SHORT WALL m2 2 1.6 3.048 9.7536
DEDUCTION:
D1 m2 1 0.84 2.13 1.7892
V m2 1 0.76 0.61 0.4636

TOTAL 21.199

TOTAL 162.06

SECOND m2 1 162.06
FLOOR:
THIRD FLOOR: m2 1 162.06
FOURTH m2 1 162.06
FLOOR:

TOTAL 686.53

Surkhi concrete
13 using line brick

86
 bags Mix 1:2 of
4" average thick
and the top
plastered using
CM 1:5:
m2 419.2838
SLAB 1 26.974 15.544 56
Deduction:
Deduct stair m2 5 4 2.5 50
Deduct OTS 1 m2 5 1 1.15 5.75
Deduct OTS 2 m2 5 1.52 1.11 8.436
Deduct OTS 3 m2 5 1.11 1.11 6.1605
Deduct OTS 4 m2 5 1.78 2.4 21.36

TOTAL 327.58

STEEL
REINFORCEM
14 ENT:
COLUMN:
Ground Floor m 38 51.6 1960.8
First Floor m 38 36.576 1389.888
Second Floor m 38 36.576 1389.888
Third Floor m 38 36.576 1389.888
Fourth Floor m 38 36.576 1389.888

7520.352
Rings in
Columns is 20%
of total m 1504.07

TOTAL 9024.4

Columns using TOTAL 14168

16mm dia
@1.57kg/m kg

BEAMS:
GROUND

87
 FLOOR:
a)Plinth beam 1 m 2 69.9 139.8
b)Plinth beam 2 m 2 125.15 250.3
c)Plinth beam 3 m 2 24.4 48.8
d)Plinth beam 4 m 2 35.45 70.9
e)Plinth beam 5 m 2 31.2 62.4
f)Plinth beam 6 m 1 70.5 70.5
g)Plinth beam 7 m 1 66 66
h)Plinth beam 8 m 1 67.05 67.05
i)Plinth beam 9 m 1 37.55 37.55
j)Plinth beam 10 m 1 132 132
k)Plinth beam 11 m 1 48.15 48.15
l)Plinth beam 12 m 1 28.95 28.95
m)Plinth beam m 1 20.35 20.35
13
n)Plinth beam 14 m 1 52.15 52.15
o)Plinth beam 15 m 1 16.75 16.75

TOTAL 1111.7
Stirrups in Beam m
is 20% of Total 222.33

TOTAL 1334

Beams using TOTAL 2094.3

16mm dia
@1.57kg/m kg

First Floor kg 2094.3

Second Floor kg 2094.3
Third Floor kg 2094.3
Fourth Floor kg 2094.3

TOTAL 10472

FOOTINGS:
a)Footing 1 m 21 18.5 388.5
b)footing 2 m 13 30.5 396.5
c)footing3 m 4 8 32

TOTAL 817
Footings using kg TOTAL 2009.8

88
 20mm dia
@2.46kg/m

SLABS:
Ground Floor: m kg/m
835.3329
S1 ,S10 kg 2 678.03 0.616 6
959.9990
S2, S9 kg 2 779.22 0.616 4
S3 kg 1 461.53 0.39 179.9967
S4 kg 1 512.87 0.39 200.0193
S5 kg 1 410.25 0.39 159.9975
S6 kg 1 269.23 0.39 104.9997
S7 kg 1 348.71 0.39 135.9969
S8 kg 1 615.38 0.39 239.9982
S11 kg 1 269.23 0.39 104.9997
TOTAL 2921.3
First Floor: kg 1 2921.3
Second Floor: kg 1 2921.3
Third Floor: kg 1 2921.3
Fourth Floor: kg 1 2921.3

TOTAL 14607

TOTAL 41257

15 STAIRCASE:
SLAB:
Flight A m3 10 3.05 1.2 0.15 5.49
Landing m3 5 2.5 1.37 0.15 2.56875

TOTAL 8.0588

BRICK WORK:
0.0187
Steps m3 100 5 1.2 2.25

STEEL
REINFORCEM
ENT:

89
 FLIGHT: m kg/m
Main rod 10mm
dia m 10 24.4 0.616 150.304
Distributors
8mm dia m 10 14.4 0.39 56.16
LANDING:
Main rod 10mm
dia m 5 12.5 0.616 38.5
Distributors
8mm dia m 5 13.7 0.39 26.715

TOTAL 271.68

0.914
HAND RAIL: m2 10 3.05 4 27.889

ESTIMATION

16 STRUCTURAL
GLAZING: m2 1 2.5146 15.24 38.323

90
 ABSTRACT ESTIMATION

S.NO ITEMS UNIT QUANTITY RATE/UNIT COST

1 Earthwork in Cu.ft. 9589.92 5 47949.6
Excavation
2 Sand Filling Cu.ft. 699.23 10 6992.3
3 PCC Cu.ft. 699.23 40 27969.2
4 RCC for Cu.ft. 2560.31 175 448054.25
Footing
5 RCC for Cu.ft. 2417.61 200 483522
Column
6 RCC for Cu.ft. 4063.15 185 751682.75
Beam
7 RCC for Slab Cu.ft. 10459.49 175 1830410.75
8 Brickwork Sq.ft. 22004.64 125 2750580
9 Wall Sq.ft. 66871.72 16 1069947.52
Plastering
10 Ceiling Sq.ft. 17217.68 20 344353.6
Plastering
11 Painting:
a)Primer 1 84089.41 5 420447.05
Coating
b)Emulsion 2 Sq.ft. 33435.86 16 1069947.52
Coating
c)Distemper 2 50653.55 8 810456.8
Coating
12 a)Marble Sq.ft. 17217.68 150 2582652
Flooring
b)Concrete 2694.96 30 80848.8
Flooring
13 Wall Tiles in Sq.ft. 7389.72 75 554229
Toilet
14 Weathering Sq.ft. 3526.00 75 264450
coarse
15 Lift Nos. 1 4500000 4500000
16 Over Head lit 20000 3.5 70000
Tank
17 Steel Ton 41.256 40000 1650240
Reinforcemen
t

18 Staircase 137754.4
19 Structural Sq.ft. 412.5 200 82500
Glazing

91
 TOTAL 19984987.4

Lump sum: Plumbing and electrical works etc. 10% of the total cost =1998498.74

Doors and Windows works 7% of the total cost =1398949.118

TOTAL COST =RS 23382435.26

Cost per square feet =23382435.26/21724.44

=RS.1080/Sq ft

92
 CONCLUSION

93
 CONCLUSION

At the outset, we would like to endorse with joy that in completion of this project we
were able to achieve whatever we had aimed at initially.

We recognized the importance of planning especially as in the case of an Apartment

building and laid the particular emphasis on this section. Eminent software engineers
were consulted to educate ourselves. Based on their views, we tried to plan our
apartment building to the best of our abilities to suit their needs and design the
building.

The analysis, design and estimation aspects were done by following conventional
procedures available. We sincerely hope that the approach to the project will help us in
our future carrier and on a successful civil Engineer.

94
 ANNEX- A PLAN DRAWINGS

95
 GROUND FLOOR PLAN

96
 I, II, III& IV FLOORS PLAN

97
 ANNEX-B STAAD RESULTS

98
 ANNEX-B STAAD RESULTS

B E A M N O. 136 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

M20 Fe415 (Main) Fe415 (Sec.)

LENGTH: 5030.5 mm SIZE: 230.0 mm X 450.0 mm COVER: 25.0 mm

SUMMARY OF REINF. AREA (Sq.mm)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION 0.0 mm 1257.6 mm 2515.2 mm 3772.9 mm 5030.5 mm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 197.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 763.17
REINF. (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)

BOTTOM 197.86 333.97 455.90 197.86 0.00

REINF. (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY OF PROVIDED REINF. AREA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION 0.0 mm 1257.6 mm 2515.2 mm 3772.9 mm 5030.5 mm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 2-12í 2-12í 2-12í 2-12í 7-12í
REINF. 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 2 layer(s)

BOTTOM 3-10í 5-10í 6-10í 3-10í 2-10í

REINF. 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 2 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s)

SHEAR 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í

REINF. @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm
c/c
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
B E A M N O. 137 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

M20 Fe415 (Main) Fe415 (Sec.)

LENGTH: 6180.5 mm SIZE: 230.0 mm X 450.0 mm COVER: 25.0 mm

99
 SUMMARY OF REINF. AREA (Sq.mm)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION 0.0 mm 1545.1 mm 3090.2 mm 4635.4 mm 6180.5 mm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 951.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 599.44
REINF. (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)

BOTTOM 45.42 197.38 555.53 269.65 0.00

REINF. (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 12

SUMMARY OF PROVIDED REINF. AREA

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION 0.0 mm 1545.1 mm 3090.2 mm 4635.4 mm 6180.5 mm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 2-25í 2-25í 2-25í 2-25í 2-25í
REINF. 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s)

BOTTOM 2-12í 2-12í 5-12í 3-12í 2-12í

REINF. 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s)

SHEAR 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í

REINF. @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm
c/c
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B E A M N O. 139 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

M20 Fe415 (Main) Fe415 (Sec.)

LENGTH: 2970.0 mm SIZE: 230.0 mm X 450.0 mm COVER: 25.0 mm

SUMMARY OF REINF. AREA (Sq.mm)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION 0.0 mm 742.5 mm 1485.0 mm 2227.5 mm 2970.0 mm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 298.99 197.86 197.86 197.86 271.83
REINF. (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)

BOTTOM 0.00 197.38 197.38 197.38 0.00

REINF. (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY OF PROVIDED REINF. AREA

100
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION 0.0 mm 742.5 mm 1485.0 mm 2227.5 mm 2970.0 mm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 4-10í 3-10í 3-10í 3-10í 4-10í
REINF. 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s)

BOTTOM 2-12í 2-12í 2-12í 2-12í 2-12í

REINF. 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s)

SHEAR 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í

REINF. @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm
c/c
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT DISTANCE d (EFFECTIVE DEPTH) FROM

FACE OF THE SUPPORT

SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT 530.0 mm AWAY FROM START SUPPORT

VY = 33.49 MX = -8.87 LD= 5
Provide 2 Legged 8í @ 140 mm c/c

SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT 640.0 mm AWAY FROM END SUPPORT

VY = -26.18 MX = -8.87 LD= 5
Provide 2 Legged 8í @ 140 mm c/c

B E A M N O. 140 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

M20 Fe415 (Main) Fe415 (Sec.)

LENGTH: 3510.0 mm SIZE: 230.0 mm X 450.0 mm COVER: 25.0 mm

SUMMARY OF REINF. AREA (Sq.mm)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION 0.0 mm 877.5 mm 1755.0 mm 2632.5 mm 3510.0 mm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 430.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 441.42
REINF. (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)

BOTTOM 0.00 197.86 226.21 197.86 0.00

REINF. (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

101
 SUMMARY OF PROVIDED REINF. AREA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION 0.0 mm 877.5 mm 1755.0 mm 2632.5 mm 3510.0 mm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 4-12í 2-12í 2-12í 2-12í 4-12í
REINF. 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s)

BOTTOM 2-10í 3-10í 3-10í 3-10í 2-10í

REINF. 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s)

SHEAR 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í

REINF. @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm
c/c
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT DISTANCE d (EFFECTIVE DEPTH) FROM

FACE OF THE SUPPORT

SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT 640.0 mm AWAY FROM START SUPPORT

VY = 61.15 MX = -2.23 LD= 5
Provide 2 Legged 8í @ 140 mm c/c

SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT 640.0 mm AWAY FROM END SUPPORT

VY = -61.66 MX = -2.23 LD= 5
Provide 2 Legged 8í @ 140 mm c/c

B E A M N O. 141 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

M20 Fe415 (Main) Fe415 (Sec.)

LENGTH: 5100.0 mm SIZE: 230.0 mm X 450.0 mm COVER: 25.0 mm

STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 14

SUMMARY OF REINF. AREA (Sq.mm)

102
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION 0.0 mm 1275.0 mm 2550.0 mm 3825.0 mm 5100.0 mm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 241.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 639.65
REINF. (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)

BOTTOM 0.00 335.29 514.22 197.86 0.00

REINF. (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm) (Sq. mm)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY OF PROVIDED REINF. AREA

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION 0.0 mm 1275.0 mm 2550.0 mm 3825.0 mm 5100.0 mm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOP 3-12í 2-12í 2-12í 2-12í 6-12í
REINF. 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 2 layer(s)

BOTTOM 2-10í 5-10í 7-10í 3-10í 2-10í

REINF. 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 2 layer(s) 1 layer(s) 1 layer(s)

SHEAR 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í 2 legged 8í

REINF. @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm c/c @ 140 mm
c/c
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT DISTANCE d (EFFECTIVE DEPTH) FROM
FACE OF THE SUPPORT

SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT 530.0 mm AWAY FROM START SUPPORT

VY = 63.15 MX = -1.64 LD= 5
Provide 2 Legged 8í @ 140 mm c/c

SHEAR DESIGN RESULTS AT 530.0 mm AWAY FROM END SUPPORT

VY = -81.65 MX = -1.64 LD= 5
Provide 2 Legged 8í @ 140 mm c/c

103
 C O L U M N N O. 98 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

M20 Fe415 (Main) Fe415 (Sec.)

LENGTH: 3048.0 mm CROSS SECTION: 230.0 mm X 450.0 mm COVER: 40.0

mm

** GUIDING LOAD CASE: 5 SHORT(Z) /BRACED LONG(Y)

REQD. STEEL AREA : 1470.21 Sq.mm.

REQD. CONCRETE AREA: 102029.80 Sq.mm.
MAIN REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 - 16 dia. (1.55%, 1608.50 Sq.mm.)
(Equally distributed)
TIE REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 mm dia. rectangular ties @ 230 mm c/c

SECTION CAPACITY BASED ON REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED (KNS-MET)

----------------------------------------------------------
Puz : 1375.87 Muz1 : 75.97 Muy1 : 33.58

INTERACTION RATIO: 1.00 (as per Cl. 39.6, IS456:2000)

C O L U M N N O. 99 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

M20 Fe415 (Main) Fe415 (Sec.)

LENGTH: 3048.0 mm CROSS SECTION: 230.0 mm X 450.0 mm COVER: 40.0

mm
** GUIDING LOAD CASE: 5 SHORT(Z) /BRACED LONG(Y)

REQD. STEEL AREA : 3059.69 Sq.mm.

REQD. CONCRETE AREA: 100440.31 Sq.mm.
MAIN REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 - 25 dia. (3.79%, 3926.99 Sq.mm.)
(Equally distributed)
TIE REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 mm dia. rectangular ties @ 230 mm c/c
STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 294

SECTION CAPACITY BASED ON REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED (KNS-MET)

----------------------------------------------------------
Puz : 1856.29 Muz1 : 94.52 Muy1 : 39.31

INTERACTION RATIO: 0.97 (as per Cl. 39.6, IS456:2000)

C O L U M N N O. 100 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

104
 M20 Fe415 (Main) Fe415 (Sec.)

LENGTH: 3048.0 mm CROSS SECTION: 230.0 mm X 450.0 mm COVER: 40.0

mm

** GUIDING LOAD CASE: 5 SHORT(Z) /BRACED LONG(Y)

REQD. STEEL AREA : 3306.82 Sq.mm.

REQD. CONCRETE AREA: 100193.19 Sq.mm.
MAIN REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 - 25 dia. (3.79%, 3926.99 Sq.mm.)
(Equally distributed)
TIE REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 mm dia. rectangular ties @ 230 mm c/c

SECTION CAPACITY BASED ON REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED (KNS-MET)

----------------------------------------------------------
Puz : 1930.99 Muz1 : 110.20 Muy1 : 45.08

INTERACTION RATIO: 0.94 (as per Cl. 39.6, IS456:2000)

C O L U M N N O. 101 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

M20 Fe415 (Main) Fe415 (Sec.)

LENGTH: 3048.0 mm CROSS SECTION: 230.0 mm X 450.0 mm COVER: 40.0

mm
** GUIDING LOAD CASE: 5 SHORT(Z) /BRACED LONG(Y)
STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 295
REQD. STEEL AREA : 896.30 Sq.mm.
REQD. CONCRETE AREA: 102603.70 Sq.mm.
MAIN REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 - 12 dia. (0.87%, 904.78 Sq.mm.)
(Equally distributed)
TIE REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 mm dia. rectangular ties @ 190 mm c/c

SECTION CAPACITY BASED ON REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED (KNS-MET)

----------------------------------------------------------
Puz : 1202.41 Muz1 : 66.23 Muy1 : 30.41

INTERACTION RATIO: 1.00 (as per Cl. 39.6, IS456:2000)

C O L U M N N O. 102 D E S I G N R E S U L T S

105
 M20 Fe415 (Main) Fe415 (Sec.)

LENGTH: 3048.0 mm CROSS SECTION: 230.0 mm X 450.0 mm COVER: 40.0

mm

** GUIDING LOAD CASE: 5 SHORT(Z) /BRACED LONG(Y)

REQD. STEEL AREA : 3326.99 Sq.mm.
REQD. CONCRETE AREA: 100173.02 Sq.mm.
MAIN REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 - 25 dia. (3.79%, 3926.99 Sq.mm.)
(Equally distributed)
TIE REINFORCEMENT : Provide 8 mm dia. rectangular ties @ 230 mm c/c

SECTION CAPACITY BASED ON REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED (KNS-MET)

----------------------------------------------------------
Puz : 1937.08 Muz1 : 124.20 Muy1 : 50.09
INTERACTION RATIO: 0.98 (as per Cl. 39.6, IS456:2000)

REFERENCES

106
1. “Bureau of Indian Standards- Indian standards-Code of Practice for: Plain and
Reinforcement Concrete: IS 456-2000”.
2. “Bureau of Indian Standards-Indian standards-Code of Practice for Design Loads (other
than earthquake) for buildings and structures: Imposed loads IS 875 (Part 2)-1987”.
3. “Bureau of Indian Standards- Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456-2000”.
4. “Bureau of Indian Standards- Indian standards-Code of Practice for Design Loads
(other than earthquake) for buildings and structures: Wind loads IS 875 (Part 3)-1987”.
5. “Bureau of Indian Standards- Indian standards-Recommendations for detailing of
reinforcement concrete works: IS 5525-1969”.
6. “Dr.S.R.Karve and Dr.V.L.Shah (1989) ‘Illustrated Design of Reinforced Concrete
Buildings’ Standard publications.
7. P.C.Varghese (2003) “Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete” Prentice Hall of
India.
8. B.N.Dutta “Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering”.

107