There are two types of participles: present participles and past participles.

Present

Participles participles end in -ing. Past participles end in -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, or -ne as in the words

asked, eaten, saved, dealt, seen, and gone.

ACTIVE PASSIVE

Advanced English
Participles

Advanced English
 Participle Participle clauses enable us to say information in a more economical way. They are formed
using present participles (going), past participles (gone) or perfect participles (having gone).

Clauses
Participle clauses do not have a specific tense. The tense is indicated by the verb in the main clause.
Participle clauses are mainly used in written texts, particularly in a literary, academic or journalistic style.

The present participle active (-ing) is used to The perfect participle, passive (having been -ed)
make a statement where the subject is omitted is used when the action of the participle clause
ACTIVE because it is the same as the subject of the main happens before the action of the main clause. The PASSIVE
clause. The events of the two clauses can relate to participle clause usually comes first:
each other in various ways:

Cause and effect; the participle clause, which states the cause, normally Having been attacked during his previous visit,
comes first: he was very careful about where he went.
Realising the mountain top was covered in mist, we decided to turn back.
(= Because we realised ...)

Description of the subject of the main clause; the participle clause The past participle (-ed) has a passive meaning. The participle
normally comes second:
The volunteers arrived at the clinic feeling a little nervous. clause usually comes first. It can express

Two simultaneous events with the same subject; the participle clause
Cause:
normally comes second:
Ignored by the other children, the boy played by himself.
The woman hurried after her dog, calling to him to come back. (= Because he was ignored ...)

One event happening during another; the longer event is in the participle
Description:
clause, which normally comes second:
Surrounded on three sides by mountains, the village rarely enjoys much
The new volunteer hurt himself (while) playing football. sunshine.

The perfect participle, active (having -ed) is used to show that the event of the Condition:
participle clause happened first. The clauses can be in either order: Kept in a cool place, yoghurt will remain fresh for a long time.
(= If yoghurt is kept in a cool place ...)
Having eaten all the food it could find in the camp, the bear wandered away.

English Language VII