AP Daily: Practice Sessions 5 - 8 (Calculus BC with Bryan Passwater and Tony Record) Solutions

Note: All problems below are new questions written by Bryan Passwater and Tony Record specifically for the
2023 AP Daily: Practice Sessions. Solutions by Ted Gott [email protected]
Session 5: MCQ
1
⌠ x+4
1. ⎮ dx =
⌡0 ( x + 1) ( x − 2 )

1 æ1ö
(A) - (B) ln ç ÷ (C) ln ( 2 ) (D) ln (8)
2 è8ø
x = 2 ⇒ B ( 2 + 1) = 2 + 4 ⇒ 3B = 6 ⇒ B = 2
x+4 A B
( x + 1)( x − 2) x + 1 x − 2 ( ) ( )
= + ⇒ A x − 2 + B x +1 = x + 4 x = −1 ⇒ A( −1− 2 ) = −1+ 4 ⇒ −3A = 3 ⇒
A = −1
1 1 1
⌠ x+4 ⌠ −1 ⌠ 2 1 1
⎮ x + 1 x − 2 dx = ⎮ x + 1 dx + ⎮ x − 2 dx = − ⎡⎣ ln x + 1 ⎤⎦0 + 2 ⎡⎣ ln x − 2 ⎤⎦0
⌡0 ( )( ) ⌡0 ( ) ⌡0 ( )
⎛ 1⎞
= − ln 2 + ln 1 + 2ln −1 − 2ln −2 = − ln 2 − 0 + 2 ⋅0 − 2ln 2 = −3ln 2 = ln 2−3 = ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 8⎠

¥ 5
2. Which of the following is true about ò
4
x3
dx ?

5
dx = lim ∫ 5x −3 2 dx = lim ⎡⎣5x −1 2 ( −2 ) ⎤⎦
∞ b b
5
(A) The definite integral converges to - .
∫ 4
x3 b→∞ 4 b→∞ 4
8
⎡ 10 10 ⎤
15 b→∞
( b→∞
)
= lim ⎡⎣ −10b−1 2 − −10 ⋅ 4−1 2 ⎤⎦ = lim ⎢ −
⎣ b
+
4⎦
⎥
(B) The definite integral converges to .
64
10 10 ⎡ 10 ⎤
lim → →0 = ⎢0 + ⎥ = 5
(C) The definite integral converges to 5 . b→∞
b ∞ ⎣ 2⎦
(D) The definite integral diverges.

n
¥
1 ∞
⎛ p − 6⎞
3. For which of the following values of p do both ån and ∑ ⎜ converge?
n =1
2 p -5
n=1 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠

(A) p = 1 (B) p = 3 (C) p = 7 (D) p = 8

∞
1
∑n 2 p−5
is a p − series ⇒ 2 p − 5 > 1 ⇒ 2 p > 6 ⇒ p > 3
n=1
n
∞
⎛ p − 6⎞ p−6
∑ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ is geometric ⇒ 2 < 1 ⇒ p − 6 < 2 ⇒ p < 8
n=1
4. For t > 1 , the position of a particle moving in the xy-plane at time t is given by the parametric equation
x ( t ) , y ( t ) = e3t , ln ( t ) . Which of the following is the acceleration vector for the particle at time t = 2 ?

1 1 1
(A) e6 , - (B) 3e6 , (C) 9e 6 , - (D) 9e6 , 1
4 2 4
1
v ( t ) = x′ ( t ) , y′ ( t ) = 3e3t , t −1 a ( t ) = x′′ ( t ) , y′′ ( t ) = 9e3t , − t −2 a ( 2 ) = 9e6 , −
4

3
5. ò0
8 xe 2 x dx =

(A) 18e6 (B) 10e6 + 2 (C) 16e6 - 8 (D) 16e6 - 32

⎡ 3
3 ⎤
3 ⎢ ⌠ ⎥ du = dx
⌠ ⎢ ⎛ 1 2x ⎞ 1 2x ⎥
8⎮ !x e!
2x
dx = 8 !x ⎜ e ⎟ − ⎮ e dx !⎥ 1
⌡ u dv ⎢u ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎮!2 v = e2 x
0
⎢ !"
# #
$ ⌡ v
du
⎥ 2
0
⎣ v 0 ⎦
⎡⎛ 1 3
⎛ 1 2x ⎞ ⎤
3
⎡⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞⎤
2x ⎞
= 8 ⎢⎜ xe ⎟ − ⎜ e ⎟ ⎥ = 8 ⎢⎜ e6 ⎟ − ( 0 ) − ⎜ e6 ⎟ + ⎜ e0 ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎝ 2 ⎠ 0 ⎝ 4 ⎠ 0⎥ ⎣⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠⎦
⎣ ⎦
⎡⎛ 6 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 ⎤ ⎡5 1⎤
= 8 ⎢⎜ e6 ⎟ − ⎜ e6 ⎟ + ⎥ = 8 ⎢ e6 + ⎥ = 10e6 + 2
⎣⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ 4 ⎦ ⎣4 4⎦
Session 6: FRQ (Calculator Active)

At a certain factory, a machine places labels on cans of vegetables and then puts the cans on a conveyer belt.
æ t ö
(
For 0 £ t £ 60 seconds, cans are placed on the conveyer belt at a rate modeled by P ( t ) = 5ln t 2 + 1.76 sin ç ÷
è 20 ø
)
, measured in cans per second. Workers at the factory remove cans by placing them in boxes to be shipped out
to stores. For 0 £ t £ 60 seconds, workers remove the cans from the conveyer belt at a rate modeled by
7 (1.2 )
t 3

R (t ) = , measured in cans per second. At time t = 0 seconds, there are 53 cans on the conveyer belt.
t + 3.5

(a) Find P¢ ( 7 ) . Using correct units, explain the meaning of this value in the context of this problem.

P′ ( 7 ) ≈ 1.3951… The rate that cans are placed on the conveyer belt is increasing at a rate of 1.3951... cans
per second per seconds at time t = 7 seconds.
(b) On what interval(s) of time are the number of cans on the conveyer belt increasing? Give a reason for your
answer.
t t
number of cans C ( t ) = 53+ ∫ P ( u ) du − ∫ R ( u ) du ⇒ C ′ ( t ) = P′ ( t ) − R′ ( t ) ⇒ C ( t ) increasing ⇒ C ′ ( t ) ≥ 0
!
0 #"# $ ! 0 #"# $
# of cans on # of cans off

The number of cans on the conveyer belt is increasing on the time interval
2.8269… ≤ t ≤ 53.9513… seconds.

1 40
R ( t ) dt . Using correct units, explain the meaning of this value in the context of
30 ò10
(c) Find the value of

this problem.

1 40
R ( t ) dt = 4.1697… This value is the average rate that cans are removed from t = 10 to t = 40 seconds
30 ∫10
is 4.1697... cans per second.

(d) To the nearest whole number, how many cans are on the conveyer belt at time t = 20 ?

see part (b) C ( 20 ) = 240.8423… ≈ 241 cans

Session 7: FRQ (No Calculators)

10 20
The 3rd degree Taylor polynomial for f about x = 5 is given by P3 ( x ) = −3+ ( x − 5) − ( x − 5) .
2 3

3 9

(a) Find f ¢ ( 5) and f ¢¢ ( 5) . Does the graph of f have a local minimum, a local maximum, or neither at x = 5 ?
Explain your reasoning.

f ′ (5)
( x − 5) but there is no linear term ⇒ 1!( ) = 0 ⇒ f ′ (5) = 0
f′ 5
The linear term should be
1!
f ′′ (5)
( x − 5) ⇒ ( ) = 10 ⇒ f ′′ (5) = 20
2f ′′ 5
The 2 nd degree term should be
2! 2! 3 3
f ( x ) has a local minimum at x = 5 because f ′ (5) = 0 and f ′′ (5) > 0.

(b) Let P4 ( x ) be the 4th degree Taylor polynomial for f about x = 5 . It is known that P4 ( 8) = 21. Show that
f(
4)
( 5) = 16 .
f ( ) (5)
4
10 20
P4 ( x ) = −3+ ( x − 5) − ( x − 5) + ( x − 5)
2 3 4

3 9 4!
f ( ) (5) 10 2 20 3 f (5) 4
( 4)
4
10 20
P4 (8) = −3+ (8 − 5) − (8 − 5) + (8 − 5) = −3+ 3 (3) − 9 (3) + 24 (3)
2 3 4

3 9 4!
81 f ( ) (5) 81 f ( ) (5) 81 f ( ) (5) ( 24)(54) = 16
4 4 4

= 54 ⇒ f ( ) (5) =
4
= −3+ 30 − 60 + = −33+ = 21 ⇒
24 24 24 81

(c) The power series for f ¢¢ ( x ) about x = 5 is geometric. On what interval does this geometric series for
f ¢¢ ( x ) converge? Justify your answer. **Note: The fourth degree term from part (b) cannot be used in
part (c) because the fourth degree term will not be a term in the geometric series.

10 20 20 20
f ( x ) = −3+ ( x − 5) − ( x − 5) +! f ′( x) = ( x − 5) − ( x − 5) +!
2 3 2

3 9 3 3
40
20 40 − ( x − 5)
f ′′ ( x ) = − ( x − 5)! r= 3 = −2 ( x − 5)
3 3 20
3
1
A geometric series converges when r < 1 ⇒ −2 ( x − 5) < 1 ⇒ x − 5 <
2
9 11
<−+− − − −+−
!"# −−−+−>
!"# 4.5 < x < 5.5 or <x<
4.5
12
5
12
5.5 2 2
(d) For values of x in the interval of convergence found in part (c), the function f ¢¢ ( x ) can be written as a
rational expression. Use this expression to find an equation for f ¢ ( x ) .

∞
a 20 20 20
r = −2 ( x − 5) ∑ ar n = 1− r ⇒ f ′′ ( x ) = 3
= =
!#
n=0 #"##
$ (
1− −2 ( x − 5) ) 3 ⎡⎣1+ 2x − 10 ⎤⎦ 6x − 27
convergent geometric series

20 20 ⌠ 1 20 1 10
f ′( x) = ⌠
⎮ dx = ⎮ ( 6dx ) = ⌠⎮ du = 3ln u + C = ln 6x − 27 + C
⌡ 6x − 27 6 ⎮ 6x
#−#
27 6 ⌡u 3
⌡ !"$
u
10 10 10
f ′ (5) = 0 ⇒ ln 6 (5) − 27 + C = 0 ⇒ ln 3 + C = 0 ⇒ C = − ln ( 3)
3 3 3
10 10 10 10 ⎡ 6x − 27 ⎤ 10
f ′ ( x ) = ln 6x − 27 − ln ( 3) = ⎡⎣ ln 6x − 27 − ln ( 3) ⎤⎦ = ⎢ ln ⎥ = ln 2x − 9
3 3 3 3⎣ 3 ⎦ 3

(e) The 4th derivative of f satisfies the inequality f (

4)
( x ) £ 16 for all x in the interval [5, 7]. Use the Lagrange
1
error bound for to show that f ( 5.5) - P3 ( 5.5 ) £ .
20

16 16 4 16 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 1
f (5.5) − P3 (5.5) ≤ ( 5.5 − 5) → ( 12 ) =
4
⎜ ⎟ = <
4! 4! 24 ⎝ 16 ⎠ 24 20
Session 8: FRQ (No Calculators)

ì3cos ( 2 x ) , 0 £ x < p
ï
ïï 4 x , p £x£4
The piece-wise function f is defined by f ( x ) = í p .
ï 3x - 2, 5£ x£7
ï
ïî 3, x>7

(a) Is the function f ( x ) continuous at x = p ? Justify your answer.

lim f ( x ) = 3cos ( 2π ) = 3⋅1 = 3⎫

4π x→π − ⎪
f (π ) = = 4 ⇒ f (π ) is defined 4π ⎬ lim f ( x ) does not exist
π lim+ f ( x ) = =4 ⎪ x→π
x→π π ⎭
f ( x ) is not continuous at x = π because lim f ( x ) does not exist.
x→π

p 2
(b) òp ( x - 2) f ( x ) dx =
4

π 2 π 2

π 4
∫ ( x − 2) f ( x ) dx = ∫ ⎡⎣( x − 2)(3cos ( 2x ))⎤⎦ dx
π 4
π 2
3
π 2
⌠3 du = dx
⌠ ⎛3 ⎞
⌡ !"# !#
(
#"## $ !"# ⎝ 2
)
= ⎮ ( x − 2 ) 3cos ( 2x ) dx = ( x − 2 ) ⎜ sin ( 2x )⎟
⎠
− ⎮ sin ( 2x ) dx
⎮!
2
! 3
v = sin ( 2x )
π 4 u dv !#"#$
u ⌡ #"# $ du
2
0 v
v π 4

⎡3⎛ π ⎞ ⎛ π ⎞ ⎤ ⎡3⎛ π ⎞ ⎛ π ⎞⎤ 3
= ⎢ ⎜ − 2⎟ sin ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎥ − ⎢ ⎜ − 2⎟ sin ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎥ − ⎡⎣ − cos ( 2x ) ⎤⎦
π 2

⎣2⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎦ ⎣2⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4⎠⎦ 4 π 4

⎡3⎛ π ⎞ ⎤ ⎡3⎛ π ⎞ ⎛π ⎞⎤ 3⎡ ⎛ π ⎞ ⎛ π ⎞⎤
= ⎢ ⎜ − 2⎟ sin (π ) ⎥ − ⎢ ⎜ − 2⎟ sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ + ⎢cos ⎜ 2 ⎟ − cos ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎥
⎣2⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎦ ⎣2⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠⎦ 4⎣ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 4⎠⎦
⎡3⎛ π ⎞ ⎤ ⎡3⎛ π ⎞ ⎤ 3 3π 3 −3π + 24 − 6 18 − 3π
= ⎢ ⎜ − 2⎟ ( 0 ) ⎥ − ⎢ ⎜ − 2⎟ (1) ⎥ + ⎡⎣( −1) − 0 ⎤⎦ = − + 3− = =
⎣2⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎦ ⎣2⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎦ 4 8 4 8 8

7 f ( x)
(c) ò5 x2 - 4
dx =

3x − 2 A B
( x − 2)( x + 2) x − 2 x + 2 ( ) ( )
= + ⇒ A x + 2 + B x − 2 = 3x − 2
⌠ f ( x)
7 7
⌠ 3x − 2
⎮ 2 dx = ⎮ 2 dx x = −2 ⇒ B ( −2 − 2 ) = 3( −2 ) − 2 ⇒ −4B = −8 ⇒ B = 2
⌡5 x − 4 ⌡5 x − 4
x = 2 ⇒ A( 2 + 2 ) = 3( 2 ) − 2 ⇒ 4 A = 4 ⇒ A = 1
7 7
1 2
=⌠ dx + ⌠ dx = ln x − 2 + 2ln x + 2 = ln (5) − ln ( 3) + 2ln ( 9 ) − 2ln ( 7 )
7 7
⎮ ⎮
⌡5 x − 2 ⌡5 x + 2 5 5

= ln (5) + 4ln ( 3) − 2ln ( 7 ) − ln ( 3) = ln (5) + 3ln ( 3) − 2ln ( 7 )

 ¥ f ( x)
(d) ò ( x - 2)
8 2
dx =

f ( x)
∞ ∞
⌠ ⌠ ⎡ − ( x − 2 )−1 ⎤ = −3lim ⎡ 1 − 1 ⎤
b
3
( )
b −2

b→∞ ∫8
⎮ dx = ⎮ dx = 3lim x − 2 dx = 3lim ⎢
⌡8 (
⎮ x−2 2
) ⎮
⌡8 ( x − 2 )
2 b→∞ ⎢
⎣ ⎥⎦8 b→∞ ⎣ b − 2 8 − 2 ⎥⎦

⎡ 1⎤ 3 1
= −3 ⎢0 − ⎥ = =
⎣ 6⎦ 6 2