The SQL Procedure Language

The SQL Procedure Language

(SQL PL)
David Simpson
[email protected]

Coding a SQL PL Procedure

• An SQL procedure consists of:
 CREATE PROCEDURE header
 BEGIN statement
 Body (SQL procedural statements and / or
DB2 SQL statements)
 END statement

• Comments within an SQL procedure:

 -- for a single line comment
 /* to start */ end multiple-lines comments

• Statements end with semicolon

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The SQL Procedure Language

A SQL PL Header
CREATE PROCEDURE SPA80 (IN P_DNO CHAR(3)
,OUT P_CNT SMALLINT
Parameters
,OUT P_SUMSAL DECIMAL(11,2)
,OUT P_RETCODE INTEGER )
VERSION V1
• Procedure Name
• 128 byte max length
• Unique within Schema / Collection
• Schema / Collection ID will be supplied when create is deployed
• Parameters
• 128 byte max length
• Can be IN bound, OUT bound or INOUT (both directions)
• Used to pass data between procedure and caller
• Cannot specify a default value
• Versioning
• 64 EBCDIC bytes max length
• If using versioning do not use the default V1 naming convention

A SQL PL Body
The body consists of 5 parts:
• SQL variable declarations
• Condition names
• Cursors
• Condition Handlers
• Code…

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The SQL Procedure Language

A SQL PL Body
…
… Clear your
P1: BEGIN outbound
SET P_CNT = 0;
SET P_SUMSAL = 0; Assign Values
parms
SET P_RETCODE = 0;

SELECT COUNT(*), SUM(SALARY)

INTO P_CNT, P_SUMSAL
FROM EMP
WHERE DEPTNO = P_DNO;
END P1

SQL Procedure Statements

• DECLARE Statement
• Assignment Statement
• CALL, GOTO, LEAVE, RETURN
• IF, CASE, WHILE, LOOP, REPEAT, ITERATE, FOR
• Compound statement
• GET DIAGNOSTICS statement
• SIGNAL, RESIGNAL statements
• SQL Statements

• Note: Sucessful Execution of any SQL statement will

set
SQLCODE variable value to 0 and
SQLSTATE variable value to ‘00000’.

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The SQL Procedure Language

Declaring SQL Variables

Syntax: DECLARE SQL-variable-name data-type
[ DEFAULT constant ] ;
• Same data types and lengths as DB2 table columns
• Parameter and variable names are not case sensitive
• SQL reserved word cannot be used as parameter name
or variable name
• Variable name declarations must be first prior to other
statements in the procedure body.
• Coding variable names and parameter names in a DB2
SQL statement do not require colon to precede them
• A declare statement ends with a semicolon

Assignment Statement
Assigns a value to an output parameter or to an SQL variable

SET var1 = 10;

SET var2 = ( SELECT count(*) FROM EMP );
SET var3 = NULL;

• Assignment statements conform to the SQL assignment rules

• The data type of the target and source must be compatible
• An assignment statement must end with a semicolon.

V10: SET var1 = 10, var3 = NULL;

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SQL Variable Example

…
P1: BEGIN
DECLARE SQLCODE INTEGER DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE V_LAST_PAID_DATE DATE;
DECLARE V1 CHAR(25) DEFAULT ‘NOT PAID’;
DECLARE V2 INTEGER;
DECLARE V3 DECIMAL(9,2);
DECLARE V4 DECIMAL (9,2) DEFAULT 0;

SET V2 = 1000;
SET V3 = 500.00;
.
.
.
END P1

IF Statement
DECLARE v_grade CHAR(1);
DECLARE v_a_count INTEGER;
DECLARE v_b_count INTEGER;
DECLARE v_invalid_count INTEGER;
...
UPDATE STUDENT SET GRADE = v_grade Watch
WHERE STUDENT_NO = var1; Your
IF v_grade = 'A' THEN Punctuation!
set v_a_count = v_a_count + 1;
ELSEIF v_grade = 'B' THEN
set v_b_count = v_b_count + 1;
ELSEIF . . . THEN . . .
ELSE
Set v_invalid_count = v_invalid_count + 1;
END IF;

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IF Statement
IF v_grade = 'A' THEN
set v_a_count = v_a_count + 1;
set v_counter = v_counter + 1;
ELSEIF v_grade = 'B' THEN
set v_b_count = v_b_count + 1;
set v_counter = v_counter + 1;
ELSEIF . . . THEN . . .
ELSE
Set v_invalid_count = v_invalid_count + 1;
END IF;

CASE Statement
1. Simple CASE: Testing for value of variable
CASE v_grade
WHEN 'A' THEN set v_a_count = v_a_count + 1;
set v_counter = v_counter + 1;
WHEN 'B' THEN set b_count = b_count + 1;
set v_counter = v_counter + 1;
ELSE set v_invalid_count = v_invalid_count + 1 ;
END CASE;

2. Searched CASE: Testing for TRUE condition

CASE
WHEN v_edlevel < 12 THEN
set v_no_diploma = v_no_diploma + 1;
WHEN v_edlevel > 11 and v_edlevel < 16 THEN
set v_high_school = v_high_school + 1;
END CASE;

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LOOP, LEAVE & REPEAT

FETCH_LOOP: LOOP
FETCH CURSOR1 INTO VAR1, VAR2, VAR3 ;
IF SQLCODE = 100 THEN
LEAVE FETCH_LOOP;
END IF;
<process values returned by cursor>
END LOOP;

REPEAT
FETCH CURSOR1 INTO VAR1, VAR2, VAR3;
IF SQLCODE = 100 THEN SET V_EOF = ‘Y’;
ELSE
<process values returned by cursor>
END IF;
UNTIL V_EOF = ‘Y’
END REPEAT;

WHILE Statement
DECLARE SQLCODE INTEGER DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE V_EOF CHAR(1) DEFAULT ‘N’;
…
WHILE (V_EOF = ‘N’) DO
FETCH CURSOR1 INTO VAR1, VAR2, VAR3;
IF SQLCODE = 100 THEN
SET V_EOF = ‘Y’;
ELSE
<process a row> . . . ;
END IF;
END WHILE;

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FOR Statement
FOR FOR_ROUTINE AS
CURSOR1 CURSOR FOR
SELECT EMPNO, FIRSTNME, LASTNAME, SALARY
FROM EMP
WHERE DEPTNO = p_deptno
ORDER BY SALARY DESC
DO
SET v_numrows = v_numrows + 1;
SET v_salarytotal = v_salarytotal + SALARY;
END FOR;
Column from
Variables
CURSOR1
Native Only!

GOTO Statement
The GOTO transfers control to a labeled statement. The labeled statement
and the GOTO statement must be in the same scope.

IF V_SERVICE < 10000 THEN

GOTO EXIT_RTN ;
END IF ;
…;
…;
EXIT_RTN :
BEGIN
SET P_RETURN_CODE = V_SERVICE ;
END;

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The SQL Procedure Language

ITERATE Statement
The ITERATE statement causes the flow of control to return
to the beginning of a labeled loop.
WHILE_ROUTINE :
WHILE (MORE_RESULT = 0) DO
FETCH CURSOR1 INTO VAR1, VAR2, VAR3;
SET MORE_RESULT = SQLCODE;
IF VAR3 < 0 THEN
ITERATE WHILE_ROUTINE;
END IF ;
. . . ;
. . . ;
END WHILE;

Compound Statement
label:
BEGIN { NOT ATOMIC or ATOMIC }

[ SQL-variable-declaration ; …. ]
[ Declare Cursor statement ; …. ]
[ condition-declaration ; ………. ]
[ return-code-declaration ; …….. ]

[ handler-declaration ; …………. ]

SQL-procedure-statement; …

END { label }

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The SQL Procedure Language

Compound Statement
P1 :
BEGIN
DECLARE SQLCODE INTEGER ;
DECLARE C1 CURSOR WITH RETURN ……..;
INSERT INTO AUDIT VALUES( PARMX, PARMY, PARMZ);
IF (SQLCODE = -803) THEN
…;
ELSE
…;
END IF;
INSERT …;
END P1;

SQL Statements

Most DB2 SQL statements are supported :

• SELECT INTO
• DECLARE CURSOR / OPEN / FETCH / CLOSE
• INSERT
• UPDATE
• DELETE
• MERGE

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Sample Stored Procedure

CREATE PROCEDURE SPA80 (OUT P_CNT1 SMALLINT
,OUT P_SUMSAL DECIMAL(11,2)
,OUT P_RETCODE INTEGER
)
VERSION V1 ASUTIME 500000
ISOLATION LEVEL CS VALIDATE BIND
PACKAGE OWNER DBTHM80 QUALIFIER THEMIS1
RESULT SETS 0 LANGUAGE SQL

P1: BEGIN
DECLARE SQLCODE INTEGER DEFAULT 0;

SELECT COUNT(*), SUM(SALARY)

INTO P_CNT1, P_SUMSAL
FROM EMP;

SET P_RETCODE = SQLCODE;

END P1

Returning Result Sets

CREATE PROCEDURE SPB80 (OUT P_RETCODE INTEGER)

VERSION V1 ASUTIME 500000

ISOLATION LEVEL CS VALIDATE BIND
PACKAGE OWNER DBTHM80 QUALIFIER THEMIS1
RESULT SETS 1 LANGUAGE SQL
P1: BEGIN
DECLARE SQLCODE INTEGER DEFAULT 0;

DECLARE CURSOR1 CURSOR WITH RETURN FOR

SELECT EMPNO, LASTNAME, MIDINIT, FIRSTNME,
SALARY, DEPTNO
FROM EMP
ORDER BY DEPTNO, EMPNO
FOR FETCH ONLY;

OPEN CURSOR1;
SET P_RETCODE = SQLCODE;
END P1

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Processing a Cursor
P1: BEGIN
DECLARE SQLCODE INTEGER DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE V_EOC CHAR(1) DEFAULT 'N';
DECLARE V_SAL DECIMAL(9,2);
DECLARE C1 CURSOR FOR
SELECT SALARY FROM EMP
WHERE DEPTNO = P_DEPTNO;

OPEN C1;

SET P_SUM = 0;
REPEAT
FETCH C1 INTO V_SAL;
IF SQLCODE = 100 THEN
SET V_EOC = 'Y';
END IF;
SET P_SUM = P_SUM + V_SAL;
UNTIL V_EOC = 'Y'
END REPEAT;

CLOSE C1;
END P1

Capturing SQLCODE & SQLSTATE

P1: BEGIN
DECLARE SQLCODE INTEGER DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE SQLSTATE CHAR(5) DEFAULT '00000';

...
FETCH CURSOR1 INTO V1, V2;
IF SQLCODE = 100 THEN
SET EOF = 'Y';

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The SQL Procedure Language

Unhandled Errors
CREATE PROCEDURE SPERR (OUT P_RETCODE INTEGER)
VERSION VERSION1
P1: BEGIN
DECLARE SQLCODE INTEGER DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE V1 DATE;

SET P_RETCODE = 0;
SELECT DATE('2016-12-32')
INTO V1
FROM SYSIBM.SYSDUMMY1;
Execution Stops Here!!
SET P_RETCODE = SQLCODE;
END P1

Handlers

SQLEXCEPTION
EXIT SQLWARNING
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR
NOT FOUND
SQLSTATE ‘value’

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The SQL Procedure Language

Exit Handler – Compound Statement

P1: BEGIN
...
DECLARE EXIT HANDLER FOR SQLEXCEPTION
BEGIN
SET P_RETCODE = SQLCODE;
GET DIAGNOSTICS CONDITION 1
Variable V_SQLMSG = MESSAGE_TEXT;
from the SP END;
... GET DIAGNOSTICS
END P1 Handler code keyword
executes and
procedure
Exits

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