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JULY 5, 2018 BY SHEFFER KIMANZI

How to configure VLAN and interVLAN Routing

Welcome to this tutorial! This is a simple step by step guide of configuring

What is a VLAN? 

A Virtual LAN (VLAN) is simply a logical LAN, just as its name suggests. VLANs
have similar characteristics with those of  physical LANs, only  that  with VLANs,
you can logically group  hosts even if they are physically  located on separate LAN
segments.

We treat each VLAN as a separate subnet or broadcast domain. For this reason, to
move packets from one VLAN to another, we have to use a router or  a layer 3
switch.

VLANs are configured on switches by placing some interfaces into one broadcast
domain and some interfaces into another. For this tutorial, we’ll configure 2 
VLANs  on a switch. We’ll  then proceed and configure a router to enable
communication between the two VLANs.
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1. In Cisco Packet Tracer, create the network topology as shown below:

2. Create 2 VLANs on the switch:  VLAN 10 and VLAN 20. You can give them
custom names.

Switch#config terminal
Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#name SALES
Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)#name IT

3. Assign switch ports  to the VLANs. Remember each VLAN is viewed as

And just before you configure, have in mind that switch ports could be either
access or trunk.
An access port is  assigned to a single VLAN . These ports are configured for switch
ports that connect to devices with a normal network card, for example a PC in a
network.
A trunk port  on the other hand is a port that can be connected to another switch or
router. This port can carry traffic of multiple VLANs.

So in our case, we’ll configure switch interfaces fa 0/1 through fa 0/4 as access
ports to connect to our PCs. Here, interfaces fa 0/1 and fa 0/2 are assigned to
VLAN 10 while interfaces fa 0/3 and fa 0/4 are assigned to VLAN 20.

Switch Interface fa0/5 will be configured as  trunk port, as it will be used to carry
traffic between the two VLANs via the router.

Switch>enable
Switch#config terminal

Switch(config)#int fa0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

Switch(config-if)#int fa0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10

Switch(config-if)#int fa0/3
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

Switch(config-if)#int fa0/4
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20

Worth noting: We could have configured all the above interfaces as access ports
using interface range command as shown below:

Switch(config-if)#int range fa0/1-4

In the above commands, we have specified an interface range and then proceeded
to configure all the ports specified as access ports.

Interface fa0/5 is configured as trunk and will be used to  for inter-VLAN

Switch(config)#int fa 0/5
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

The next thing is to:

4 . Assign static IP addresses to the four PCs which are located in the separate
VLANs. PC1  and PC2  fall in VLAN 10  while PC3 and PC4 fall in VLAN 20.

PC1   IP address 192.168.1.10   Subnet mask 255.255.255.0  Default gateway

PC2:  IP address 192.168.1.20  Subnet mask 255.255.255.0  Default gateway

PC3: IP address 192.168.2.10    Subnet mask 255.255.255.0  Default gateway

PC4: IP address  192.168.2.20  Subnet mask   255.255.255.0  Default gateway

And now it’s very clear that we treat a VLAN just like a physical LAN when
assigning IP addresses.

At this point let’s try to test connectivity within VLANs and between VLANs

To test communication between hosts in the same VLAN:

To test connectivity between hosts in different VLANs:

Ping PC3 in VLAN 20 from PC1 in VLAN 10. Ping  here will definitely fail. Why?
Because inter-VLAN routing is not yet enabled. Hope you can see how  we’ve used
VLANs to place the hosts into two  logical networks which can be viewed as
separate broadcast domains.

Now, in order to allow the hosts in the two VLANs to communicate, we need to do
something extra. And you can guess what. We’ll configure the router to permit 
inter-VLAN communication. Let’s do that right away.

5. Configure inter-VLAN routing on the router

We’ll configure the router so that it will enable communication between the two
vlans via a single physical interface. How is this made possible? We’ll divide the
single physical interface on the router into logical interfaces (sub interfaces). Each
sub-interface will then serve as a default gateway for each of the VLANs. This
scenario is called router on a stick (R.O.A.S) and will allow  the VLANs to
communicate through the single physical interface.

Wort noting:  We  can’t  assign an IP address to the router’s physical interface that
we have subdivided into  logical sub-interfaces. We’ll instead assign IP addresses to
the sub interfaces.

So let’s do router configurations:

Router>enable
Router#config terminal

Router(config)#int fa0/0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#int fa0/0.10
 Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 10
Router(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#

Router(config-subif)#int fa0/0.20
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 20
Router(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

As you can notice from above, the routers physical interface fa0/0  was subdivided
into two sub-interfaces( fa0/0.10 and  fa0/0.20) , which are then configured as
trunk interfaces and given IP addresses.

Finally,

6. Test inter-VLAN connectivity.

Here we’ll test connectivity between computers in different VLANs . Don’t forget

Ping PC3 in VLAN  20 from PC1 in VLAN 10. If everything is well configured, then
ping should work perfectly.

And that’s all!

Hope this article was useful to you. Comment to help improve it.

All the best.

See also:

Configuring Switch Port Security in Packet Tracer

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SWITCHING CONCEPTS, VLAN CONFIGURATION

ACCESS PORT, PACKET TRACER, ROUTER ON A STICK, SWITCHING CONCEPTS, TRUNK

14 Replies to “How to configure VLAN and interVLAN Routing in

Karol Yerbich
AUGUST 1, 2020 AT 7:47 AM

Hey there, I think your blog might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your
blog in Ie, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just
wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, excellent blog!

 Like
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Anonymous
Anonymous
SEPTEMBER 15, 2021 AT 4:06 PM

why would you be using internet explorer, sounds like you are the problem

 Like
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Richard
OCTOBER 23, 2020 AT 2:33 PM

Followed instructions to the letter, didn’t work.

 Like
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Anonymous
AUGUST 6, 2021 AT 10:33 AM

hello
this artical wasn PC1 from vlan 10 and PC4 in vlan 20 really helpful to me
but in my case i can only ping between PC1 from vlan 10 and PC4 in vlan 20
can’t ping between PC3 and PC2.what could be the problem ?

 Like
Reply

pal patil
NOVEMBER 5, 2020 AT 1:54 PM

This is a very nice one and gives in-depth information. I am really happy with the quality and
presentation of the article. I’d really like to appreciate the efforts you get with writing this
post. Thanks for sharing.
ccie security training in pune
ccie R&S training in pune

 Like
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m ahmad bichi
NOVEMBER 12, 2020 AT 8:18 AM

this is verry simple configuretion thanks for your help

 Like
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Luther
NOVEMBER 16, 2020 AT 8:41 AM

This site was… how do you say it? Relevant!!

 Like
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Arthur
DECEMBER 2, 2020 AT 1:06 AM

Thanks for finally writing about > How to configure VLAN and interVLAN Routing
in Packet Tracer – Computer Networking Tips < Loved it!

 Like
Reply

Anonymous
APRIL 16, 2021 AT 9:57 AM

Very useful. Thanks

 Like
Reply
Sibusiso
MAY 23, 2021 AT 5:14 AM

This is informative and its helpful… yoy have put it clear and simplified. Thanks

 Like
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Anonymous
JULY 7, 2021 AT 2:43 PM

Inter-vlan not working…

 Like
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samuel
OCTOBER 19, 2021 AT 2:00 PM

very thanks,

 Like
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Anonymous
OCTOBER 23, 2021 AT 4:25 AM

not working

 Like
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Anonymous
OCTOBER 23, 2021 AT 4:26 AM

i try the all instruction but i cannot ping pc1 vlan 10 to pc3 vlan 20
  Like
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