Volume 8, Issue 4, April – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Inundation Monitoring & Alerting System Using IOT

S. Seetharamudu1, B. Madhu Mani2, D. Anitha Devi3, K. Venkatesh Achari4, D. Chand Basha5, S. Sameer6
1
Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE, Santhiram Engineering College, Nandyal, A.P., India.
2,3,4,5,6
UG Student, Dept. of EEE, Santhiram Engineering College, Nandyal, A.P., India.

Abstract:- The purpose of this study is to develop a forecasting and flood detection and monitoring and use
system for real-time flood monitoring and early warning sensors, modelling software, the Internet, and mobile
in the northern part of Isabela's localities close to the technology [2].
river bank. In many applications in industry and basic
research, ultrasonic sensing techniques are commonly However, in most cases, just one person may send and
used with a strong foundation. An ultrasonic sensor has receive messages using such a system. To get the most
the advantage of being able to non-destructively probe recent details or updates, communities can check the
inside an object due to the fact that ultrasound can website. The majority of people also don't have the financial
spread in several different kinds of materials, including ability to afford a computer or smartphone with Internet
solids, liquids, and gases. This research mainly evaluates access, which is necessary to see the information on this
the water level detection and early warning system website (IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and
(through a website and/or SMS), which alerts concerned Engineering 325 (2018) 012020; doi:10.1088/1757-
agencies and members of a prospective flood occurrence. 899X/325/1/012020) [3].

Moreover, this research adopts an inquiry system in In addition, controlling its activities isn't everybody's
order to make it more interactive, allowing community main task throughout the day. Due to these considerations,
members to ask about the related flood status and water people are unable to determine the actual state of the
level of a desired area or location using an SMS floodplain in their area. The river channel overflowed due to
keyword. a lack of awareness, flooding many communities and
causing major damage to both property and human lives.
The purpose of this paper is to provide communities The regional capital of Ilagan is located close to the middle
with the knowledge they need to respond to and recover of Isabela [4]. It serves as the river basin for a number of
from flooding. The implementation of an Arduino, nearby towns, particularly in the nation's countryside.
ultrasonic sensors, a GSM module, a web-monitoring Floods caused by these rivers travel very slowly as a result
platform, and an SMS early warning system to help of water storage across the huge flood area, an extremely
stakeholders reduce flood-related injuries represents one soft slope, flood retardation by multiple gorges, and river
of this work's useful features. In the developing world, twisting.
there are many locations that are affected by flooding;
therefore, the authors of the research hope that their II. LITERATURE SURVEY
efforts may help the locals there. This is necessary, as
can be seen when thinking about the requirements for A. The Internet of Things-Based Water Monitoring and
the security and well-being of the community. Flood Detection System
As a result of living in the age of computing
Keyword:- Internet of Things (IOT), Arduino IDE, Sensors, technology, every person and thing must now have access to
NodeMCU. the internet. They go a step closer to achieving this goal due
to the technology associated with the internet of things. Our
I. INTRODUCTION proposal consists of a smart water monitoring system that
acts as a prototype for the detection and prevention of
Flood damage is expensive for both domestic and flooding [5]. This document provides extensive detail to
commercial customers everywhere it occurs. It is important describe each part of our paper and how it works as an entire
to have a well-functioning flood response operation system unit. Users can access the collected data from their mobile
in place to coordinate the several organisations involved in device according to the cloud (Firebase Cloud) system.
the event of a flood. Many techniques have been created in
recent decades to reduce the danger of flooding in populated The model gives a warning when a specific limit is
regions [1]. Operation NOAH, operated by the Department reached. The model operates efficiently because it is an
of Science and Technology (DOST), is currently funded by advanced version of a large flood warning and avoidance
the Filipino government. They constructed artificial rain system [6]. The smartphone device can update in real-time
gauges (ARG) and water level monitoring stations (WLMS) to reflect changes made to the sensor data once it has been
along the major river basins (RBs) of the region. However, uploaded to the cloud and modified there. The number of
due to the early stages of Mission NOAH, some important people who will suffer in a potential disaster can be
details are not yet visible on their website. These new significantly decreased if this method is used.
technologies have great potential in fields like weather

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Volume 8, Issue 4, April – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
alert. So, everything can be monitored via the LCD screen
and the Blink app.
B. Internet of Things Applications For Predicting Flood
Risk The water level can be monitored in real-time using a
Floods can kill people, destroy buildings and cell phone, no matter whether you are in a meeting, outside
industries, and cause a lot of damage throughout any place your home, etc. You will be able to see everything in real-
on earth. Thus, it is essential to create a flood detection time. You can check the app at any time to find out about
system to monitor low-lying areas as the water level rises. the water level and if it’s increasing or decreasing. Different
To measure the height of flood waters, ultrasonic sensors levels can be defined. Alert messages are generated
must be constructed. When the level of water reaches a automatically when the desired conditions are met.
particular value, an installed Arduino board will help
transmit data [7]. The microcontroller component simplifies
the process of connecting to the internet and monitoring
data. The information will be transmitted via the
microcontroller and stored in the cloud. It will be simpler to
make data stored on the cloud available for users to access.

The Android application provides up-to-date

information on the condition of flooded roads. You can
access data with a single tap due to the Android app's
flexibility and effectiveness. Regular updates will be given
to the local residents and authorities. To alert those who are
in control of the monitoring system, both the buzzer and the
LED will glow [8][9]. With the previous data that the
recovery team has been maintaining, the flood can be Fig-1: Block Diagram
predicted. This technology can also estimate the possibility
of inundation. All you need is access to some recent cloud- IV. FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS OF PROPOSED
based data. ML algorithms can be used to create this SYSTEM
prediction.
A. ESP8266 NodeMCU Pinout
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM The ESP8266 NodeMCU has a total of 30 pins that
interface with the external world. The connections are as
A. Existing System: follows:
A method for local communities to receive food
warnings. This ICT-enabled system is able to identify the
occurrence of rising water simply by using a water sensor
connected to the transmitter. An electronic signal is
transmitted to the receiver once the level of water reaches a
specified value. When a flood is threatened, mobile phones
are used to alert downstream organisations and desperate
individuals [10]. That constitutes the dangerous flood zone
and is determined with the participation of stakeholders.

B. Proposed System:
Floods are still a major source of loss of life and
property in many countries. Flood-related losses and
property damage are, however, significantly more common
in under developed countries due to a lack of technology
and insufficient infrastructure.

In proposed system, the working of block diagram is

shown in figure-1.

An ultrasonic sensor detects when the water level

reaches a specific level, which can soon cause flooding. As
a result, it alerts the NodeMCU with a signal. According to
the NodeMCU's or controller's coding, the buzzer will sound
an alarm when the ultrasonic sensor detects a rise in water Fig-2: Pin Configuration of Node MCU
level [11]. Similar to this, the water flow sensor detects a
rise in water flow, at which time the buzzer also sounds an  Power Pins There are four power pins: one VIN pin,
three 3.3V pins, or one 3.3V pin. If you have a regulated

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Volume 8, Issue 4, April – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
5V power source, you can utilise the VIN pin to directly sixteen characters each. It shows all the letters of the
supply the ESP8266 and its peripherals. The output of a alphabet, Greek letters, punctuation, mathematical symbols,
voltage regulator built into the board is available on the etc. Moreover, it is possible to show custom symbols that
3.3V pins. Power can be supplied to external the user creates. Some important properties include an
components using these pins. automatic message on screen (shift left and right), pointer
 GND is a ground pin on the ESP8266 NodeMCU appearance, lighting, etc.
development board.
 I2C Pins All different types of I2C sensors and C. Buzzer
peripherals are connected to your proposal using I2C A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device that
pins. There is support for both I2C master and slave. The can be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric
I2C interface's features can be implemented (piezo for short). Alarm clocks, timers, and the verification
programmatically, and the maximum clock frequency is of human input like a mouse click or keyboard press are
100 kHz. It is important to remember that the I2C clock common applications for buzzers and beepers.
frequency must be faster than the slave device's
minimum operating frequency.
 GPIO Pins the ESP8266 NodeMCU has 17 GPIO pins,
which can be assigned to various functions such as I2C,
I2S, UART, PWM, IR Remote Control, LED Light, and
Button programmatically [12]. Each digitally enabled
GPIO can be configured for internal pull-up or pull-
down, or set to high impedance. When configured as an
input, it can also be set to edge-trigger or level-trigger to
generate CPU interrupts. Fig-5: Buzzer

B. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD): D. ULTRASONIC:

Liquid-crystal displays are known as LCDs. Due to the An ultrasonic sensor is a part of technology that uses
following factors, LCD is gradually being used in place of ultrasonic sound waves to detect the distance to a target
LEDs (seven-segment LEDs or other multi-segment LEDs): object and then converts the reflected sound into an
 The reducing cost of LCDs electrical signal. The speed of sound waves is higher than
 The ability to display data in the form of numbers, the rate of ultrasonic waves (i.e., the sound that humans can
letters, and images This contrasts with LEDs, which can hear) [13]. The transmitter, which uses piezoelectric crystals
only display a few characters and digits. to create sound, and the receiver are the two primary
 Adding a refresh controller to the LCD prevents the CPU components of an ultrasonic sensor (which encounters the
from trying to update the display. In contrast, for the sound after it has travelled to and from the target).
LED to continue showing the data, the CPU must refresh
it. The sensor analyses how long it takes for the sound to
 Simplicity of character and graphic programming. travel from the transmitter's release to the receiver in order
to determine how far away the object is from it. D = 1/2 T x
These parts cannot be activated by conventional IC C, where D is the distance, T is the passage of time, and C is
circuits because they are "specialized" for use with the sound speed, which is 343 metres per second. For
microcontrollers. They are used to display various messages instance, if a researcher placed an ultrasonic sensor at a box
on a small LCD. and the sound bounced back after 0.025 seconds, the
distance between the ultrasonic sensor and the box would be
as follows:

D = 0.5 x 0.025 x 343

Fig-3: LCD pin configuration

The system described here is that which is most Fig-4: Ultrasonic Sensor
frequently utilised in practise due to its low cost and huge
potential. The HD44780 microcontroller, on which it is E. WATER FLOW SENSOR:
based, allows for the display of information in two lines of

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Volume 8, Issue 4, April – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
In the automatic systems that exist nowadays, sensors
are extremely important. Sensors can be easily included into
larger electronics since they are compact, reasonably priced,
and durable equipment. There are many different kinds of
sensors available nowadays. The capacity and function of
sensors have increased along with technological
development.

Sensor sizes have decreased to the scale of nm from

the early size of cm units. Using sensors, electronic and
electrical engineers have been able to address a number of
issues, including finding out how bright the space is,
estimating the furnace's temperature, and calculating the
relative humidity of the area. For determining the rate of
liquid flow, a water flow sensor is a wonderful tool [14]. Fig-8: Under Fault Condition

Figure 2 depicts how the water flow sensor detects a

rising water flow and sends an alert. It is visible on the
display and in the Blynk app.

Fig-6: Waterflow Sensor

V. HARDWARE EXPERIMENTAL RESULT

Fig-9: Using Blink App

VI. CONCLUSION
Fig-7: Under Normal Condition
The paper benefits the people and the economy.
Figure 1 shows that an ultrasonic sensor detects the Before, during, and after the destruction caused by storms, it
water level and gives an alert that is displayed on the screen. anticipates a community that is secure, ready, and of less
consequence. Additionally, the model encourages the use of
real-time monitoring systems via web-based applications
and SMS notification systems as an efficient means of
information distribution, particularly in remote areas.

The system has more flexibility in how it may deliver

crucial information to the community by enabling two-way
communication. It is a fact that new technologies have been
developed, such as the ultrasonic sensor to detect the level
of water and the water flow sensor to measure the flow of
water. By using both sensors and IOT, it can alert people.

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