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Fundamentals of OOPs

Object-oriented programming (OOP) aims to build software with reusable and maintainable code. It treats data as a critical element and ties it closely to the functions that operate on that data. OOP allows programmers to decompose problems into objects that combine data and methods. The data of an object can only be accessed by its methods, though methods of one object can access methods of other objects. Some key features of OOP include emphasizing data over procedures, dividing programs into objects, designing data structures around objects, and allowing new data and methods to be easily added.

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47 views3 pages

Fundamentals of OOPs

Object-oriented programming (OOP) aims to build software with reusable and maintainable code. It treats data as a critical element and ties it closely to the functions that operate on that data. OOP allows programmers to decompose problems into objects that combine data and methods. The data of an object can only be accessed by its methods, though methods of one object can access methods of other objects. Some key features of OOP include emphasizing data over procedures, dividing programs into objects, designing data structures around objects, and allowing new data and methods to be easily added.

Uploaded by

Divya Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of OOPs

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Most important aspects of a software product are maintainability reusability


portability security integrity and user friendly friendliness of software products. to
build today's complex software it is just not enough to put together a sequence of
programming statements and sets of procedures and modules we need to use
sound construction techniques and program structures that are easy to
comprehend implement and modify in a wide variety of situations.
There exist many programming approaches such as modular programming top-
down programming bottom up programming and structured programming the
primary motivation in each case has been the concern to handle the increasing
complexity of programs that are reliable and maintainable.
Structured programming proved to be a very powerful tool that enabled
programmers to write moderately complex programs fairly easily. however as the
programs grew larger even the structured approach failed to show the desired
results in terms of bug free easy to maintain and reusable programs.
object oriented programming is an approach to program organization and
development. languages that support oop features include small dog objective C,
C++, ada and object Pascal. C++ is a procedural language with object oriented
extension. Java is a pure object oriented language.

1.2 Object-Oriented paradigm


op treats data as a critical element in the program development and does
not allow it to flow freely around the system. it ties data more closely to the
functions that operate on it and protects it from unintentional modification
by other functions. oop allow us to decompose a problem into a number of
entities called objects and then build data and functions (known as methods
in Java) around these entities. the combination of data and methods make
up an object. the data of an object can be accessed only by the methods
associated with that object . however methods of one object can access the
methods of other objects.
some of the features of object oriented paradigm are:
 emphasis is on data rather than procedure
 program are divided into what are known as objects
 Data structures are designed such that they characterize the objects
 methods that operate on the data of an object are tied together in the
data structure data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external
functions objects may communicate with each other through methods
 new data and methods can be easily added whenever necessary
 follows bottom up approach in program design
Object oriented programming is an approach that provides a way of
modularizing programs by creating partition memory area for both data and
functions that can be used as templates for creating copies of such modules
on demand this means that an object is considered to be a partitioned area
of computer memory that stores data and a set of operations that can
access the data. since the memory partitions are independent, the objects
can be used in a variety of different programs without modifications.
1.3 basic concepts of object oriented programming
Objects and classes
objects are the basic runtime entities in an object oriented system.
they may represent a person a place a bank account a table of data or
any item that the program may handle. they may also represent user
defined data types such as vectors and lists. any programming
problem is analyzed in terms of objects and the nature of
communication between them. program objects should be chosen
such that they match closely with the real world objects. an object
takes up space in the memory and has an associated address like a
record in Pascal, or a structure in C.

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