Lighting &

Sanitary
Fixtures
JANVI CHAUHAN
MANSHA CHAINANI
KRISH DESAI
CONTENT
LIGHTING FIXTURES

Introduction
Why lighting is important
Types of lighting
Lighting Effects
Different Spaces
Different purposes
Various types of tones
Do's and don'ts
Challenges faced
Introduction
Lighting is crucial to interior decoration since it
can both make and mar your room's aesthetics.
While picking the right lighting for your home,
one should remember that:
Lighting always works in conjunction. The
effectiveness of lighting depends on other
interior design factors like color palettes, room
size and layout, headspace availability, fabric
choices, and furniture selection.
The illusion is an integral part of all design.
Space illusion in interior design is defined by
reflected light, in simpler terms, lights used for
interior decoration creates an illusion of
vastness by reflecting on surfaces and further
illuminating the concerned room and its
elements.
 Advantages & Disadvantages

Every light source consumes energy,

It is functional since it allows visibility electricity or otherwise.
in darkness. Every light comes with a price, both in
It can be ornamental, since adding terms of energy consumed and the
lighting can give the concerned room actual price of the light fitting.
layers and dimension. Badly done up lights can cause stress,
It is a smaller substitute for the sun irritation, and eye fatigue.
and can be regulated. One must be careful about wiring and
Proper lighting is a mood elevator and heat emissions, which can cause shocks
can help in destressing. and burns.
Maintenance is required for consistency
and efficiency.
Do's & Don'ts
Account for a light intensity regulator, or Do not Stick to one central light source
dimmer system, since it allows the light to be because it causes unflattering shadows – a
mood responsive. layered scheme is essential.
Maintain uniformity in terms of color and Do not limit yourself to a single source of light
intensity and scroll all rooms. Harsh changes in any given space, since it causes awkward
can result in irritation, stress, and eye fatigue. shadows. Layering is key since it adds depth
Install lights on shorter walls, since they draw and dimension to any room.
away attention from longer walls, making the Do not ignore concealed wiring systems. An
area concerned look symmetrical. ugly display of bare wires can take away
A 60- or 70-watt bulb can be too bright for positive attention from the aesthetic appeal.
mood lighting so sticking to a 40-watt bulb is
ideal.
Incorporate diffusers to blur out harsh lights,
to maintain a soothing appearance.
Importance
Lighting has biological and physical
effects that can impact the health and
wellbeing of humans. Biologically, good
lighting design can help stabilise your
circadian rhythm, helping improve your
overall mood and contributing to better
nights sleep. Psychologically, good light
can help reduce depression and even
increase cognitive performance such as
reaction time.
To put things simply, lighting affects our
mood drastically and shouldn’t be
ignored. It’s a lot more important than
you might imagine.
Main tones of light
Warm White: This light is similar to that emitted by
incandescent lamps with a yellow tint in the tone. This light
usually ranges between 2700K to 3000K.
Relaxing spaces - dining, drawing room.

Natural White: As the temperature rises up to 4000k, you

will get a more natural tone of white light which is why it’s
the natural white LED light.
Semi-working spaces - personal office, bedroom.

Cool White: The temperature further increases and when it

reaches around 6000K, it’s called the cool white LED light.
It’s comparatively more closely associated with LEDs and
has a blue tint to it.
Working spaces - kitchen, study room.
Purpose of lighting
General Lighting
General lighting is the basic foundation
of a lighting scheme, providing a
uniform glow over an entire room and
illuminating a space functionally rather
than for aesthetic reasons.
A central pendant light is perhaps the
most commonly used source of general
lighting and can be an important part
of the design of the room.
These must be accompanied by other
lighting layers as a central light source
on its own casts unflattering shadows
(especially for people) and gives no real
life to a room.
Ambient Lighting
Ambience lighting is connected to a
dimmer system to control lighting levels
for an occasion, especially for
entertainment purposes.
Ambience lighting is generally used for
entertaining—it creates drama.
indirect and therefore softer than
general lighting—because it doesn’t
usually use downlighting, it doesn’t
create unflattering shadows.
Task Lighting
Task lighting is any light source used for
a particular task like reading or cooking.
Reading and working areas are some of
the most obvious areas in need of task
lighting.
Mirror lighting works well in personal
grooming areas and bathrooms.
The kitchen is another area into which
task lighting must be incorporated to
make food preparation easier and safer.
Task lighting can also be used to create
foot flow paths in a room or hallway or
in the form of floor-level directional
lights or riser lights on stairs
Accent Lighting
Accent lighting is generally used to
focus light on a particular area or object
to highlight the things that you want to
be noticed.
It creates dramatic points by
highlighting artwork, photo frames,
entrance, plants, textured walls.
Accent lighting can bring warmth and a
cozy feeling if lighting gets done in the
right manner.
Spotlights which highlight artwork,
sculptures and objets in cabinets or on
pedestals are examples of accent
lighting
Lighting Effects
DOWNLIGHTING
A downlight is a light fitting (luminaire) that
lights in a downward direction to light an area
below.
Downlights are versatile light fitting excellent
for a multitude of uses throughout the home.
They are a great way to create zones,
navigate around the space, and highlight your
key pieces such as art.
What is the difference between a
downlight and a spotlight?

Downlights are installed into the

ceiling and a spotlight is fixed
onto a wall or ceiling as
demonstrated in the below images.
UPLIGHTING

As suggested by the name, these

light fixtures are attached closer to
the ground level, and the emitted
light is made to bounce off the
ceiling, causing an even
distribution. They are often used to
highlight artwork and other unique
features of a room. Staircase
lighting too looks brilliant with
uplighting.
WALL WASHING

Placement and distance are key

when it comes to lighting. For a
wall washing effect, the source of
the light needs to be placed at
an apt distance where the
emitted light can cover the
maximum surface area of the
vertical surface, resulting in soft
uniform illuminance.
WALL GRAZING

If you are looking to highlight

texture on your walls, wall grazing
is the way forward. The source of
light is angled is a way that
accentuates the textured surface,
adding drama to the room
aesthetics.
Difference between wall wash and wall gazing
SPOTLIGHTING

Spotlighting is essential for highlighting

different aspects of a room. Smart
utilisation can draw away attention
from unflattering corners to spots that
are more interesting, therefore,
elevating the aesthetic appeal of the
room concerned. It is further used as
task lighting and accent lighting since it
highlights specific features.
PERIMETER LIGHTING
Perimeter lighting is used to cast a
feeling of vastness in any given room
since this form helps accentuate the
dimensions of a room and expands
its apparent size. Coving or cornice
lighting is an effective mode of
perimeter lighting and is used
extensively by interior designers.
INTERIOR LIGHTS

Each part of our house is different yet

special, and so should be the lighting of
different parts of our house. The amount of
light we need for our study room can't be the
same as the bedroom or dining area. Here is
the basic guide to lighting different spaces of
your house.
LIVING ROOM
Choosing the lighting for the living room depends
upon what your family prefers to do in the living
areas. The task lighting can be chosen following those
active light reading, playing chess, having social
gatherings, or simply watching TV.
7 feet

As most of the living rooms are places for watching

TV together with family, bias lighting can be used
smartly to avoid glare. Bias lighting involves placing
lighting behind the television to decrease the strain on
the eyes.
Recessed fixtures
Ceiling lighting.
Ambient lighting.
Task lighting.
Accent lighting.
KITCHEN

Uplight from the top of the kitchen cabinet is

the contemporary lighting option to add more
general light with style.
Low glare directional downlights are perfect
with the soft reflected light along with the
lighting up the inside of cupboards when they
are open.
Accent lighting like recessed and adjustable
light fixtures can be added to glass-front
cabinets to illuminate your luxury collections of
glassware and another crockery to bring it into
the spotlight.
DINING AREA

A multi-light chandelier is the best fit for even

light distribution over a dining room.
To perfectly fit low and moody lighting for a
romantic dinner or more light for a party.
Height of chandelier from bottom of chandelier
to top of the table is 2.5 to 3 feet.
pendant ,chandelier, 2.5 to 3

feet
STUDY ROOM

The study room requires a lot of light to create less

pressure on the eyes, may it be natural or artificial
lights.
A wall-mounted stylish lamp near your bed to read
novels or comics is the perfect choice for any avid
readers.
Make the study room a place your kids will love to
spend their moments by decorating it with some
Pendant fixtures
task, lamps
BEDROOM

The bedroom is the multitasking room for most

of us. Apart from sleeping, it's the nook for many
to binge-watch web series to read, and even do
office work.
A lamp, pendants, wall lighting.
Most preferred among them are the light bulbs
covered with a decorative glass or plastic bowl-
shaped cover.
Tape lighting around dressing table.
BATHROOM

Wall sconces on both sides of the mirror are

perfect for your grooming task.
The rest of the bathroom décor can rely on
ambient light like recessed lighting to provide an
even and soothing lighting effect.
The shower part can need dim lighting for
relaxation.
Mirror lighting can also be used
STAIRCASE

Brightening up the stairs with hanging lamps,

scones, and recessed light for safety and enhancing
the interior.
Wall-mounted recessed lights and spotlights help in
illuminating the stairs with a warm and soft glow.
Apart from that, strip lights are a great home décor
accessory to light up a staircase that can be placed
under each stair or on the hand railing.
FAMOUS LIGHT BRANDS IN INDIA

Havells
Bajaj
Wipro
Eveready
Syska
CONTENT
SANITARY FIXTURES
Introduction
Common sanitary fittings and

fixtures
1. Bathtub
2. Sink & Faucet
3. WC
4. Shower
5. Flushing system
Installation
Materials
Introduction
Sanitary fixtures are an essential element of

any interior design. They provide a

functional and aesthetic purpose to the

overall design, from providing necessary

plumbing to adding a decorative touch.

Sanitary fixtures can be used to create a

unique and stylish look to any room.

The selection of sanitary fixtures should be

based on the overall design of the space.

Different styles and materials can be used to

create a unique look. Additionally, the

fixtures should be chosen based on the type

of plumbing required, as well as the size of

the space and the desired aesthetic.

Materials
The materials that are mostly used in

manufacturing sanitary appliances are ceramic,

fiberglass, acrylic, stainless steel

Ceramic
Ceramic fixtures are robust, sturdy, and have a

greater thermal mass

Ceramics are built to last for a very long time and

may be cleaned using any standard product that is

intended for use in the bathroom

Glazing may or may not be applied to ceramic

surfaces, and this depends on the kind of fixture

you have. After being glazed, it has an

impermeable surface.
Even while ceramic is subject to abuse and has the

potential to chip or fracture, it is far less likely to

suffer damage in these ways than enameled metal

fixtures
Fiberglass
It is lightweight, has qualities that make it very

durable, and can be molded into a big range of

different shapes and sizes.

It is sold at a broad variety of stores that specialize

in home renovation, and it is available in a multitude

of colors.
Fiberglass is by far the most common substance

used in the construction of shower stalls and

bathtubs.
Because it seldom cracks or chips, fiberglass is the

material that offers the most ease of maintenance

and the greatest savings in terms of labor and

materials
Acrylic
Products and provisions for the healthcare sector

are often crafted from acrylic, a type of man-

made substance that was developed specifically

for this purpose.

Acrylic not only looks spectacular but also has a

very extended shelf life. Because of this, bathtubs

may be used for a long time without losing their

ability to be easily cleaned and maintained and

without compromising user safety.

Stainless Steel
Due to its higher resistance to corrosion and

discoloration, stainless steel is preferred over other

types of steel
Stainless steel is an excellent material for sinks

because of its durability and resistance to corrosion

Stainless steel sinks are a great option for

bathrooms as well. Stain-resistant stainless steel

can withstand abrasive cleaning methods.

As a result of its beautiful color and look, this type

of sink may be used with a variety of countertop

materials. Sinks made of stainless steel are

extremely durable since they are crafted from

high-grade stainless steel.

Bathtubs
Bathtubs are bathroom fixture basics—
containers that hold water for immersive
bathing. They also provide a relaxing
place to unwind, but there are several
different types that all serve unique
purposes. The most common bathtubs seen
in residential homes include
drop-in tubs
freestanding tubs
alcove tubs
corner tubs.
FREE STANDING BATHTUBS

Pros Cons
Charming, beautiful Requires a lot of
Fits with traditional room
homes Exposed
plumbing
ALCOVE BATHTUBS

Pros Cons
Cost-effective Requires tile or a wall
Excellent for small surround
bathrooms Only the front has an
Predictable sizing apron, so it must be
positioned in one
direction
Shallow compared to
soaker options
DROP-IN BATHTUBS

Pros Cons
Customizable to each Requires a site-built deck
bathroom Difficult to DIY-install
Creates a polished look Jet options require an
Storage space on the sides access panel, which can
be unsightly
CORNER BATHTUBS

Pros Cons
Spacious Expensive
Shape conducive to multiple Uses a lot of water
users Takes longer to fill
Functional use of an empty
corner
Sink
Bathroom sinks are indispensable – we
can’t go a day without making use of
them. A quick face rinse, brushing our
teeth, and, washing our hands would be
difficult without the bathroom sink.
Therefore, its design and structure – just
like every other bathroom component,
shouldn’t be ignored. Bathroom sinks come
in a variety of shapes and sizes wide
enough to match the interior design of
your apartment.
Wall-mounted sink Pedestal sink Drop-in sink Vessel sink

Under-mount sink Corner sink Console sink Trough sink

Stainless steel Ceramic Resin Glass

Wood Round Oval Rectangle

Faucet
For as long as our homes have had
running water, they’ve needed something
to control it, and that’s exactly what
faucets do—provide you with a reliable
flow of water when you need it, and then
keep it contained and waiting when you
don’t. there are many different types of
faucets, with different technology enabling
us to create fixtures that match nearly any
aesthetic design, functionality, or other
quality that you’re looking for.
BALL FAUCETS

Ball faucets are a type of single-handle faucet

that’s easily identifiable by the handle sitting on
top of a ball-shaped cap on the top of the faucet
spout. The single handle moves side to side to
control the temperature and lifts up to control the
water flow. It’s this ball assembly, which has slots,
O-rings, and spring-loaded rubber seals, which
make the faucet work. Because these faucets
generally require a greater number of parts,
including rubber parts that are prone to wear and
corrosion, they do tend to require more
maintenance and frequent repairs than other types
of faucets.
DISC FAUCETS

A disc faucet controls the temperature of the

water with two ceramic discs at the bottom of
the chamber inside. In this chamber, the hot and
cold water mixes together, with the proportion
of each being controlled by the side-to-side
angle of the control lever. Its motion is fairly
simple: raise and lower the handle to control the
flow of the water; move the handle side-to-side
to control the temperature. These are arguably
the most reliable type of faucets, requiring very
little maintenance and infrequent repairs. That
being said, repairing the issues these faucets
can have is tricky.
COMPRESSION FAUCET

Compression faucets are also double-handle,

which means the hot and cold water lines are
controlled through their own handle to the side
of the water spout. However, compression faucet
is usually pretty distinguishable in that they feel
less pressurized as they turn on and more
pressurized as they close. This is because they
function by using a glorified screw that pushes
against a rubber washer to form a seal that
shuts off your water. This is also why they’re
frequently found with round knobs that are easy
to turn at a longer distance than the handles on
a cartridge faucet.
CARTRIDGE FAUCET

Cartridge faucets are generally much smoother

to operate than a compression faucet, with a
consistent and smooth feel all the way across
the twisting axis. A half-turn brings the faucet
from off to the fully-on position, and then turns
back off again without any added pressure or
effort. Thus, a cartridge faucet generally has
lever-style handles that are easy to grasp and
turn as opposed to round, valve-style handles.
They’re also generally lower-maintenance and
more reliable than compression faucets, due to
their cartridge design.
TYPES OF WC
SQUAT TOILETS
Particularly common in Asian countries, you may have heard people refer to the
squat toilet as an Indian toilet. We don't see these types of toilets in India as
often as they are being phased out in favor of sitting toilets. Squat toilets are
usually made of porcelain and the flushing mechanism is the same as most
types of western toilets.

WESTERN TOILETS
Possibly the most common type of toilet in India today, the western toilet is now
available in a variety of toilet styles. These types of toilets in India are made of
vitreous china, also known as porcelain as it is water and chemical resistant,
easy to clean and maintain, highly durable, and hygienic. If maintained well, a
classic western toilet can last you a couple of decades as well.
TYPES OF COMMODES
1. One-Piece Toilet
A one-piece toilet is a simple toilet design that is made of a single piece of material.
Usually made of ceramic, the one-piece toilet is easy to install and maintain because
of the seamless fit between the bowl and flush tank.

2. Two-Piece Toilet
This simple toilet design comes in two pieces- the toilet tank and the bowl that need
to be assembled. Because there are two pieces, the tank, and the commode are
highly customizable.

3. Wall-Hung Toilet
Also known as wall-mounted toilets, these toilets feature a wall-hung toilet bowl while
the flush tank is concealed behind the wall with a flush plate placed over it. These
types of toilets in India are most commonly seen in commercial buildings and they
are a great option for small bathrooms, particularly cubicles because of their small
toilet design. Because the flush cistern is concealed, these types of toilets are very
easy to clean, but repairing them may be more difficult.
THINGS TO KEEP IN MIND
Size of Bathroom: Before choosing your WC parts, take a hard look at your bathrooms and
keep in mind the dimensions of the space. This will help you decide the size of the toilet you
want to install.;

Bathroom Style: If your bathroom follows a defined interior style, then you may want to keep
that in mind while choosing your WC as well. As a modern bathroom idea, you can even opt
for colored toilets to match your bathroom aesthetics better.

Budget: Finally, the most important consideration before choosing your dream WC is your
budget. Toilets have a vast range based on the features and functions you want. Hence,
keep an estimated budget in mind before you begin your journey.
Shower
A bathroom shower is a plumbing fixture
that allows users to quickly cleanse
themselves under a continuous spray of
water. But within that broad definition,
there is an amazing diversity, ranging
from simple hand-held showers that fit on
a bathtub faucet spout to cascading
waterfall showers that make bathing a
truly unique experience.
Whether building a new shower or
remodeling an existing shower, you have
several types to choose from, categorized
by the size or shape of the enclosure, or
by the way in which water is delivered.
TYPES OF SHOWERS KITS
Prefabricated shower insert Custom showers
TYPES OF SHOWERS KITS
Glass enclosure shower Curved enclosure shower
TYPES OF SHOWERS KITS
Corner enclosure shower Neo angle shower
TYPES OF SHOWERS KITS
Tub-shower combination Body shower
TYPES OF SHOWERS KITS
Shower tower Body shower
HOW TO CHOOSE A SHOWER TYPE

Preferred use
Budget
Space
Flushing Systems

Standard flush tanks

Concealed Cisterns
Flush Valve
Flush Plates
Standard Flush

Tank/PVC

It’s rectangular in shape, fills 6 litres of

water and contains a handle to flush

which automatically fills it up again. While

it’s a cheaper option, it uses up a lot of

water with the handle available as a lever

or a dual-flush.
Concealed Cistern

While a cistern is typically found behind

the toilet bowl, a concealed cistern would

be hidden behind the wall of the

bathroom. They are in two main forms,

namely: the fully concealed cistern based

within a partition wall and a furniture-

based version which is hidden in furniture

or a storage unit.
Flush Valve:

This type of flush is often found in

commercial public spaces such as malls

and restaurants. It is easier to operate

and only requires a valve as a mechanism

to flush out the contents in the bowl.

Contrary to PVC and cistern flushes, the

water consumption for a flush valve is

lesser, it saves space, but it is expensive to

install.
Flush Plates:

Flush plates are visually more appealing

when compared to other types of flushes.

While every other element is hidden, flush

plates can be seen in a typical WC cistern.

They are sleeker to look, easier to operate

and can go with the entire design and

colour scheme of your bathroom.

Installation
It refers to the act of placing or fixing in position a plumbing fixture such as a washbasin, a
water closet, etc. Installation is an important step in fixing the components of a system as per
the design.

During the installation of a plumbing system in a building, home, or housing colony, planning
is done as per the standard procedure of designing.

A good installation system prevents water leakage, allows optimum installation of the money
spent, and enhances the life of the plumbing fixtures.

Instructions for installation are given either by the manufacturer on one’s own or by the
specifications in the construction map.

If the standard procedure is followed during the installation of the plumbing system, it allows
for the smooth and efficient functioning of the system.
FAMOUS SANITARY BRANDS IN INDIA

Texaro.
Jaquar.
Cera.
Hindware.
TOTO.
Duravit.
Jaquar Group’s Luxury Bath Brand Artize wins the Red Dot design award for Tailwater 2018
Thank you