MIL 1st Quarter Lesson Summary. 4.

Receiver
The receiver receives the message from
Lesson 1 The Communication Process
the source, analyzing and interpreting
1. Source the message in ways both intended and
The source imagines, creates, and sends unintended by the source. In order to
the message. In a public speaking receive a message, she or he listens,
situation, the source is the person sees, touches, smells, and/or tastes to
giving the speech. He or she conveys receive a message. The process of
the message by sharing new turning communication into thoughts is
information with the audience. The called decoding. The receiver decodes
speaker also conveys a message the message.
through his or her tone of voice, body
language, and choice of clothing. This 5. Feedback
process of turning thoughts into When the receiver responds to the
communication is called encoding. source, intentionally or unintentionally,
she/he is giving feedback. Feedback is
2. Message composed of messages the receiver
The message is the stimulus or meaning sends back to the source. Verbal or
produced by the source for the receiver nonverbal, all these feedback signals
or audience. The message also consists allow the source to see how well, how
of the way you say it—in a speech, with accurately (or how poorly and
your tone of voice, your body language, inaccurately) the message was received.
and your appearance—and in a report, Feedback also provides an opportunity
with your writing style, punctuation, for the receiver or audience to ask for
and the headings and formatting you clarification, to agree or disagree, or to
choose. In addition, part of the message indicate that the source could make the
may be the environment or context you message more interesting.
present it in and the noise that might
make your message hard to hear or see. 6. Environment
The environment is the atmosphere,
3. Channel physical and psychological, where an
The channel is the way in which a individual sends and receives messages.
message or messages travel between This can include the tables, chairs,
source and receiver (What Is lighting, and sound equipment that are
Communication?, 2012). There are in the room. The room itself is an
multiple communication channels example of the environment. The
available to us today. These include environment can also include factors
face-to-face conversations, letters, like formal dress that may indicate
telephone calls, text messages, email, whether a discussion is open and caring
the Internet (including social media or more professional and formal.
such as Facebook and Twitter), blogs, People may be more likely to have an
tweets radio and TV, written letters, intimate conversation when they are
brochures and reports (SkillsYouNeed, physically close to each other, and less
2020) and so forth. likely when they can only see each
 other from across the room. In that
case, they may text each other, itself an
intimate form of communication. The
choice to text is influenced by the
environment.

7. Context
The context of the communication
interaction involves the setting, scene,
and expectations of the individuals
involved. A professional communication
context may involve business suits
(environmental cues) that directly or
indirectly influence expectations of
language and behavior among the
participants.

8. Interference or noise
This is anything that blocks or changes
the source’s intended meaning of the
message. For example, if you drove a
car to work or school, chances are you
were surrounded by noise. Car horns,
billboards, or perhaps the radio in your
car interrupted your thoughts, or your
conversation with a passenger.
Psychological noise is what happens
when your thoughts occupy your
attention while you are hearing, or
reading, a message. Stereotypes,
reputations, assumptions, and biases
are examples of psychological noise
which affect communication.
Interference can come from other
sources, too.
Lesson 2. Media and Information Literacy thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize
and become active citizens.
Literacy: The ability to identify, understand,
interpret, create, communicate and compute, Other Definitions:
using printed and written materials associated
Media - physical objects used to communicate
with varying contexts. Literacy involves a
including mass media (radio, television,
continuum of learning, wherein individuals are
computers, film, etc.). Traditionally, media are
able to achieve their goals, develop their
source of credible information in which
knowledge and potential, and participate fully
contents are provided through an editorial
in their community and wider society.
process determined by journalistic values and
Media: The physical objects used to where editorial accountability can be attributed
communicate with, or the mass communication to an organization or a legal person. In more
through physical objects such as radio, recent years the term ‘media’ is often used to
television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to include new online media.
any physical object used to communicate
Information Literacy - includes the
messages.
competencies to be effective in all stages of the
Media Literacy: The ability to access, analyze, lifecycle of documents of all kinds, the capacity
evaluate, and create media in a variety of to understand the ethical implications of these
forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing documents, and the ability to behave in an
them with the competencies (knowledge and ethical way throughout these stages.
skills) necessary to engage with traditional
media and new technologies.

Information: A broad term that covers

processed data, knowledge derived from study,
experience, instruction, signals or symbols.

Information Literacy: The ability to recognize

when information is needed, and to locate,
evaluate, and effectively communicate
information in its various formats.

Technology Literacy: The ability of an

individual, either working independently or with
others, to responsibly, appropriately, and
effectively use technological tools. Using these
tools an individual can access, manage,
integrate, evaluate, create and communicate
information.

Media and Information Literacy: The essential

skills and competencies that allow individuals to
engage with media and other information
providers effectively, as well as develop critical
Lesson 3. Evolution of Media. Functions of Communication of Media

Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s) - People 1. Monitoring Function. This is to inform the
discovered fire, developed paper from plants, citizens on what is happening around them.
and forged weapons and tools with stone,
2. Information Function. This is to educate the
bronze, copper and iron.
audience on the meaning and significance of
the facts.

Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) - People used the 3. Opinion Function. This is to provide a
power of steam, developed machine tools, platform for public political discourse. It is to
established iron production, and the facilitate public opinion and expression of
manufacturing of various products (including dissent.
books through the printing press).
4. Watchdog Role of Journalism. It denounces
the wrongdoing of the government and the
private which leads to increasing of
Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) - The invention of
accountability and spearheading positive
the transistor ushered in the electronic age.
changes.
People harnessed the power of transistors that
led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, 5. Channel for Advocacy of Political viewpoints
and the early computers. In this age, long
distance communication became more efficient.

Information Age (1900s-2000s) - The Internet

paved the way for faster communication and
the creation of the social network. People
advanced the use of microelectronics with the
invention of personal computers, mobile
devices, and wearable technology. Moreover,
voice, image, sound and data are digitalized. We
are now living in the information age
Lesson 4 Sources of Information

Indigenous Media. Indigenous media could also Internet. It is a global computer network
be defined as variety of media expression providing a variety of information and
conceptualized, produced, and circulated by communication facilities, consisting of
indigenous people with information appropriate interconnected networks using standardized
to their culture. communication protocols.

Characteristics of Indigenous Media Since it is easy to access information from the

internet, the following evaluation criteria will
• oral tradition of communication
help you how to assess online resources.
• store information in memories
• Currency. It is the timeliness of information.
• information exchange is face-to-face
• Relevance. It is the significance of the
• information is contained within the border of information that you need.
the community
• Authority. It is the source of information.
Forms of Indigenous Media
• Accuracy. It is the closeness of the report to
• Folk or traditional media the actual data

• Gatherings and social organizations • Purpose. The reason why it is created.

• Direct observation SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE RELIABILITY OF

INFORMATION
• Records (written, carved, oral)
1. Check the Author
• Oral instruction
2. Check the Date of Publication or of update

3. Check for Citations

Library. Library is a place where artistic, literary,
musical and reference materials such 4. Check the Domain or owner of the site/page.
manuscripts, books, and films are kept for use
.com – commercial
and not for sale.
.gov – government
Types of Libraries
.edu – educational
• Academic Library. This is for Colleges and
Universities .org – nonprofit organization

• Public Library. This is for cities and towns

• School Library. This is for students from

Kindergarten to Grade 12

• Special Library. This is in specialized

environment such as hospitals, private business
and the government.