Maxima & Minima Page # 233

MAXIMA & MINIMA

EXERCISE – I HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 D Sol.3 A
By using simllar triangle prop. 2
y  e x
r Hh
= ...(1) 2
R H b  e a / 4 ....(1)

Hh a 
s = 2rh = 2R  h  , b
 H  2 
b
a
ds 2R
= (H – 2h) = 0
dh H O
A = ab
x H
H 2
h=
2 A r
B A  a e a /4

h
2 dA 2 2  2a 
d s 4R = e a / 4  a . e a / 4   0
=– <0 C da  4 
dh2 H D
R
a 2
H
so h= is greatest
2 Area = e–(2/4) = 2 e 1/ 2
2
r H  H/ 2 R
=  r= Sol.4 C
R H 2
 6  4 x1 
Sol.2 C A =   x1  (4x )
 5  1

Area (A) = ab
Point P will lie on the given ellipse  6  9 x1 
A=   (4x )
 5  1
x2 y2 b a
+ =1 b
P , 
16 9 2 2
dA 4
dx1 = 5 (6 – 18x1)
a
2 2 O
b a
+ =4
16 9 y = 4x
A = ab


 a 2  (x1,4x1)
A2 = a 2b 2 = a 2  4  9 
   6  4x1 
 , 4 x1 
 5 

dA

 a 2   2a 
2A = 2a  4  9  – a2   = 0
da    9  A(x1,0)  6  4 x1 
 , 0
 5  y = –5x + 6
a = 0, a2 = 18  a=3 2 dA 1
dx1 = 0  x1 = 3
reject a = 0  b=2 8

4  1  1 4
A=   6  9   =
5 3  3 5

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Sol.5 B Sol.7 A

2 a 3 a 1 A
AG = . = S= ab
3 2 3 2
a
 A (circle) = r2
a2 B h
2 = + h2 C
3 (a 2  b 2 )
G =  b
4
3 C a A
v(h) = 3 . h(2 – h2)
4  2 B
 a2  4S 
 = 2
4  a 
v’(h) = 0  h =
3
AM  GM
3

vmax = 4S2 4S2
2 2
a2 + 2 2 a 
a a2
Sol.6 B
4S2
1 a2 +  4S
A1 = x a2  x 2 ABCD given rect- a2
2
angle

A' Area (min.) = (4S) = S
4
x
y
y A Sol.8 C
D' f(x) = x3 – 3px2 + 3(p2 – 1) x + 1
B
(A2) f ’(x) = 3x2 – 6px + 3(p2 – 1) = 0
y b x=p –1 & p+1
a B' p+1>p –1
D
C y so p –1 > –2 & p+1<4
(A1)
p > –1 & p<3
C' x
p  (–1, 3)
2
1 2 2 –1 3
A1 = x (a – x2)
4

dA1 a2 x a Sol.9 C
2A1 = – x3 = 0 x = ± f(x) = 1 + 2x2 + 4x4 + 6x6 +......+ 100x100
dx 2 2
f ’(x) = 4x + 16x3 + 36x5 +........+ (100)2
1 x 99
similarly A2 = y b2  y 2
2 f ’(x) = x(4 + 16x2 + 36x4 +......+ (100)2
x 98 )
dA 2 b
=0 y = ± f ’(x) = 0 x = 0
dy 2
Reqd. Area = ab + 2(A1 + A2) – +
0
= ab + x a2  x 2 + y b2  y 2
x = 0 is minima point

a a b b
= ab + × + . Sol.10 D
2 2 2 2

a2 b2 (a  b)2
= + + ab =
2 2 2

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f(x) = x25 (1 – x)75 Sol.15 A

f ’(x) = 25x24 (1 – x)75 – 75x25 (1 – x)74
=0 3x 2  9x  17
x = 1/4 f(x) =
3x 2  9x  7
+ –
x = 1/4 maxima 10
1/4 f(x) = 1 + 2
3x  9x  7
Sol.11 C For f(x) to be maximum the quadratic ex-
f(x) = xx f(x) = x–x
pression should get its min. value
f ’(x) = xx(1 + n x) f’(x) = – x–x (1 + n x)
1 + n x = 0 x = 1/e D 3
x = 1/e =– =
4a 12
– + + –
10
1/e 1/e max. value of f(x) = 1 + = 41
3 / 12
1/e  minima 1/e  maxima
1/ e
 1  1 Sol.16 A
min. value =   f   = e1/e 1
e e x = 1 local maxima
product = (e–1/e) (e)1/e = 1 1 / 2

Alternate solution :

Sol.12 D   
sin x ; 0  x 1
 1 f ( x)    2 
max. value at  x   
 2 3  2 x , x 1
1 3
=1+ =  
2 2 lim f (1  h)  lim sin  1  h  
1
h0 h 0
2 
(0,2) x+
y= x  h 
y=  lim sin   
h 0
2 2 
h  
 lim cos   1
h0
 2 
1 (2,0)
x= x=1
2 lim f (1  h)  3  (2  2h)  lim1  2h  1
y=(2–x) h0 h 0

f(1) = 3 - 2 = 1
 f(1) > f(1-h) & f(1) > f(1+h)
f(1) is a local maxima (option A)
Sol.13 B
Sol.17 C

f(x) = {x} f(x) = 2 – 1  2x  x 2 x  [–2, 1]

1 2 3 4 5 6

2  2x
x = 5 is minima f ’(x) = = 0  x = –1
2 1  2x  x 2
Sol.14 A f(1) = 2 – 1 2  1 = 0
f(x) = cos x + cos 2 x f(–1) = 2
f(x) will be maximum when both attains f(–2) = 1
Greatest value = 2
it max. value
least value = 0
and its only possible when x = 0

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Sol.18 D Sol.22 C
f(x) = (x – p)2 + (x – q)2 + (x – r)2
   f ’(x) = 2(x – p) + 2(x – q) + 2(x – r)
f(x) = sin 2x – x  2 , 2 
  =0
f ’(x) = 2 cos 2x – 1 = 0 p qr
 x=
1 3
cos 2x =
2 f‘‘(x) = 2 + 2 + 2 > 0
  p qr
2x = ,– x= is minima
3 3 3
 
x= ,– Sol.23 B
6 6

    1  f(x) = tan–1 x , | x | <
2
f  = – f  = – +
2 2  6 2 6
 
–|x|,|x|
    1  2 2
f  = f  = – /2
 2 2 6 2 6
– /2
   
Diff = –   = 
2  2 2

–
Sol.19 B 2
f(x) = x3 + ax2 – 9x + b 
f ’(x) = 3x2 + 2ax – 9 x=–  is maxima
2
f ’(1) = 0  3 + 2a – 9 = 0
 a=3 Sol.24 B
f ’(x) = 3x2 + 6x – 9 = 0
 x = 1, x = –3 x2 y2
f(1) > 0 f(–3) > 0 Given equation 2 =1 +
a 4
1+3–9+b>0 –27 + 27 + 27 + b > 0
Let point P (a cos , 2 sin ) on curve
b>5 b > 27 Distance is d form (0, –2)
z = d2 = a2 cos2  + 4 (1 + sin )2
b>5
dz
b=6 = –2a2cossin  + 8(1 + sin ) cos 
d
(a, b) = (3, 6)
= (4 – a2) sin 2 + 8 cos 
Sol.20 B dz
=0
1 1 d
f’(x) = –
3(x  1)2 / 3 3(x  1)2/3 4 1
f’(x) = 0  x = 0  sin  = 2 = >1
a 4  a2 
f(0) = 1 + 1 = 2  1
 4 
f(1) = 21/3  
max. value = 2
Sol.21 D a2
as 1 < < 2 (not possible)
f(1) = 1 – 1 + 10 – 5 = 5 4
for greatest value at x = 1 
f( 1+)  f(1) b2 – 2 > 0 cos  = 0   =
2
–2 + log2 (b2 – 2)  5 ; b > 2 or b < – 2
log2 (b2 – 2)  7 d2 z
= (4 – a2) 2 cos 2 – 8 sin 
b2 – 2  27 d 2
b2  130

– 130  b  130 if  = = 2(a2 – 8) < 0
2
final answer

b  [– 130 , – 2 )  ( 2 , 130 ] Means  = will be maxima so point P
2
(0, 2)

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Sol.25 A Sol.32 C
f(c) is a minimum value of f(x)
if f'(c) = 0, f"(c) > 0 1
y= ;
3 sin   4 cos   7
Sol.26 C
If f'(c) < 0 & f"(c) > 0 then x = c is neither – 5 < 3 sin – 4 cos < 5
maximum nor minimum
1
ymin. =
Sol.27 C (3 sin   4 cos   7)max
f (x) > 0  x  R
 f (x) is increasing  x  R. 1 1
= =
g (x) = – f (2  x) + f (4 + x) 57 12
If g (x) > 0  f ( 4  x )  f ( 2  x )
 4 + x > 2  x  x > 1. Sol.33 C

Sol.28 C
f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 7 (0,4)
f'(x) = 3x2 – 6x + 3 p(h, 4–h)
A
= 3(x2 – 2x + 1) b
= 3(x – 1)2  0  x  R 1
 f(x) is increasing function  B
at x = 1, f'(1) = 0 (4,0)
f"(x) = 6(x – 1)
f"(1) = 0 & f"'(x) = 6  0
 x = 1 is point of inflexion

Sol.29 C
f(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + c AB = 2p
f'(x) = 3x2 + 2ax + b
p= 1 2
 x = 3, is point of minima & x = –1 maxima
 f'(3) = 0 & f'(–1) = 0 AB : T = 0
 27 + 6a + b = 0 ...(1)
3 – 2a + b = 0 ...(2)
on solving (1) & (2) hx+(4 – h)y – 1 = 0
a = –3 & c  R
b=–9 0  0 1
=
Sol.30 A h  ( 4  h)2
2

f’(x) = ax2 + 2(a + 2)x + (a – 1)

Let g(x) = ax2 + 2(a + 2)x + (a – 1)
g(x) must have both roots negative 1
p= 1
D > 0  a > –4/5 h2  ( 4  h)2
g(0) > 0  a > 1
b dL
– < 0  a <–2, a > 0 L = length = 2p  = 0  h = 2
2a dh
Finally a  (1, )

Sol.31 C
f(x) = x3 – 3x + a
f'(x) = 3x2 – 3 = 3(x + 1) (x – 1)
+ – +
–1 1
f(x) has local maxima at x = –1 and local
minima at x = 1
f(x) = 0 has three distinct real root if
f(–1) f(1) < 0
(a – 2) (a + 2) < 0  – 2 < a < 2

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EXERCISE – II HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - I)

Sol.1 B
In AED

1 x 3x2  2x
cos (x – 2) = = – cos 2i 0
= 2 2x  1 3/2
x  
In ABC
C 2
x D x= (correct option B)
cos  = ...(ii) (B) 3
 x (A)

1 x  Sol.2 C
1 – 2 cos2 = E 1–x A x B
x 1 x2 + h2 = 1
(let)
volume
 x2 
  1 x 1
1 – 2 2  = x v= × base × height h 1
  3
x
1 3 2
= ×h×6× x
3 4 x

3
v= h(1 – h2)
2
1
ABC = x. 1  x2 ....(iii) dv 1
2 =0h=
dh 3
and
2
x 1  x2 Sol.3 B
1-2   =

  x

2
x 1 1  x   2x  1  x
     2  1  x    2x 
     

x
 2x3 
&  =  
 2x  1 

from (iii) This is isosceles triangle

 Area will be maximum when triangle
ABC = A
is right angle triangle.
2   = 90
1 x x 2x  1
= x. 1     1
2 
  2 2x 1 x2
 Amax = ×x×x=
2 2

x 2x3 1 x2 Sol.4 C
A= .  
2 2x  1 2x 2 2x  1 y = – x3 + 3x2 + 2x – 27
y’ = – 3x2 + 6x + 2

 2x2  D (36  24) 60


dA 1 
 
2x  1  2x  
2 2x  1 
max. slope = –
4a
=–
 12
=
12
=5
  
dx 2  2x  1 
 
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Sol.5 A
Sol.9.
y = x – x2
ƒ(x) = a n|x| + bx2 + x
1 x  0 n |x| =n x
y’ = 1 – 2x  x =
2 ƒ(x) = a nx + bx2 + x
1/9

a
ƒ’(x) = + 2bx + 1
x=½ 1 x
y’’ = –2 < 0 x = is maxima
2
(x1 + x2) – (x12 + x22) a
ƒ’(2) = + 4b + 1 = 0
(x1 – x12) + (x2 – x22) 2
a + 8b + 2 = 0 …(i)
1 1 1
+ = x < 0 |x| = –x
4 4 2
ƒ(x) = a n(–x) + bx2 + x

Sol.6 C a
f(x) = 2bx2 – x4 – 3b ƒ’(x) = (–1) + 2bx + 1
x
f ’(x) = 4bx – 4x3 = 0 x = 0 & x2 = b
ƒ’(–1) = –a – 2b + 1 = 0 …(ii)
f ’’(x) = 4b – 12x2 |x 2 b  4b  12b  8b  0 From equ. (i) & (ii)
so f(x) will be max at x2 = b 6b = –3 b =–1/2
g(b) = 2b(b) – b2 – 3b a=2
g(b) = b2 – 3b Therfore the correct option is (B).

D 9
min. g(b) = – = – Sol.10 A
4a 4
Let the point on the line is (x1, y1)
Sol.7 D
 x1 + 2y1 = 5 ....(1)
f(x) = xp (1 – x)q
f ’(x) = pxp – 1 (1 – x)q – qxp(1 – x)q – 1 Now D – (x1  0)2  (y1  0)2

px p (1  x)q
= (1 – x)q – qxp 2
x (1  x )  5  x1 
2
D = x12 +  
 2 
p q 
= xp (1 – x)q   =0
 x 1  x  2
 x1  5 
Let z = D2 = x12  
p  2 
p – px – qx = 0  x =
pq
dz 2
Sol.8. = 2x1 + (x1 – 5)
dx1 4
x2  1
ƒ(x) =
x2  1 5x1  5
=
4
x2  1  2
ƒ(x) =
x2  1

2 At x1 = 1: z will be minimum  D2 is mini-

ƒ(x) = 1 – 2
x 1 mum
minimum value of ƒ(x) at x = 0  D will be minima
ƒ(0)min = –1  point is (1, 2)

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Sol.11 D
Let point on the curve is (x1, y1) Sol.14 D
 2x12 + y12 – 2x1 = 0 y = ax3 + bx2
(1, 3)
Now D = (x1  a)2  (y1  0)2 3=a+b ...(1)
Let Z = D = (x1 – a)2 + 2x1 – 2x12
2 y' = 3ax2 + 2bx
(from (1)) y" = 6ax + 2b |x=1 = 0
dz 6a + 2b = 0
= 2(x1 – a) + 2 – 4x b = – 3a
dx1 3 = a – 3a
= – 2x1 – 2a + 2
= – 2(x1 + a – 1) 3 9
a– , b
+ – 2 2
1–a
at x1 = 1 – a, z will be maxima Sol.15
 Zmax = (1 – a – a)2 + 2(1 – a) – 2(1 – ƒ(x) = x3 – 3x + [a]
a) 2 ƒ’(x) = 3x2 – 3
ƒ’(x) = 0
D= 2a2  2a  1 3x2 – 3 = 0
Sol.12 D x=±1
Let the point of the line y = x is (x1, y1) for 3 distinct roots
 x1 = y1 ...(1) ƒ(x1) ƒ(x2) < 0
ƒ(–1) ƒ(1) < 0
D1 = (x1  a)2  (y1  0)2  D12= (x1–a)2 (–1 + 3 + [a]) (1 – 3 + [a]) < 0
+ y12 ([a] + 2) ([a] – 2) < 0
= (x1 – a)2 + x12 + - +
D2 = (x1  a)2  (y1  0)2 -2 -2
 D22 = (x1 + a) + 2
x12 from (1) –2 < [a] < 2
[a] > –2 [a] < 2
D3 = (x  0)  (y1  b)2
2  D 32= x12 + a –1 a<2
(x1–b)2 –1a<2
 let Z = D12+ D22 + D32 Therefore the correct answer is (D).
= (x1 – a)2 + (x1 – 0)2 + (x1 + a)2
+ (x1 – 0)2 + (x1 – 0)2 + (x1 – b)2 Sol.16 A
 Z will be minimum 3x2 – 2x3 = log2(x2 + 1) – log2 x
f(x) = 3x2 – 2x3
a 0 a0 0 b b 1
at x1 =  f’(x) = 6x – 6x2
6 6 x = 0, 1 0 1
b
 when x1 = g(x) = log2(x2 + 1) – log2x
6
b  1
y1 = = log2  x  
6  x
Sol.13 A
x + 1/x log2 t
ax 3
f(x) = + (a + 2) x2 + (a – 1) x + 2
3
2
f'(x) = ax2 + 2 (a + 2) x + (a – 1) (1,0)
f"(x) = 2ax + 2 (a + 2) 1 x
For point of inflection
2ax + 2 (a + 2) = 0
Negative point of inflection log2 (x + 1/x)
g(x)
a 2
–   <0 1
 a  1

 1
  f(x) 1

–2 0
only one solution possible
a2
>0
a
a  (–, –2)  (0, )
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Sol.17 B Sol.19 A
f'(x) = 3x2 + 6(a – 7) x + 3 (a2 – 9) = 0 |PA – PB| will be max. when P, A, B points
are collinear
 x2 + 2(a – 7) x +(a2 – 9) = 0 line AB :
A(2,0)
2(a  7)  4(a  7)2  4(a2  9) B(0,2)
x= P
2
=0
= – (a – 7) ± 58  14a 3 y+1
2x +
For positive maximum
x y
+ =1x+y=2
29 2 2
58 –14 a > 0  a < ...(i) .....(1)
7
2x + 3y + 1 = 0
and – (a – 7) – .....(2)
58  14a  0
Point of (1) & (2) will be Point
– P(7, –5)
58  14a > (a – 7)
2
a – 14a + 49 > 58 – 14 a Sol.20 D
a2 > 3 Let point C (a cos , b sin )
a  (–, –3)  (3, ) 3 0 1
1 1 4 1
...(ii) A=
2 a cos  b sin  1
From (1) and (2)
A = 6 – b sin  – 2 a cos 
 29  1
a  (–, –3)   3,  dA b
 7  = 0  tan  = =
d 2a 2
Sol.18 A  a cos  = – 6 and b sin  = – 6
Point C (– 6 , – 6 )
Take y = x3 – 9x2 + 24x = x (x2 – 9x +
24)
Sol.21 D
Sign scheme 2
2
f(x) = 2x + 1 + –2
x2
dy 2 1
= 3x2 – 18x + 24 = 3 (x2 – 6x +8) f(x) will be minimum
dx
when x = 0
= 3(x2 – 4x – 2x +8) = 3 (x – 2) (x–4)
2
min. value = 2 + –2=1
Sign scheme 2
For three real roots of f(x) = x3 – 9x2 + Sol.22 D
24x + c, c must lie in the interval z = 7x – 8y
(–20, – 16). x + y – 20  0,
y  5, x  0
(0, 0) 0+0 – 20 < 0
(0,20)

y=5

(20,0)

Now y  5 and
5  y  20 ; 0  x  15
z will be min. if x contain its min. value
and y contain its max. value
x = 0, y = 20  (0, 20)

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Sol.23 A
f(x) = max (sin t), 0 < t < x, 0  x  2 Sol.26 D

sin t
1 1
  f(x) + f   = ...(i)
x x
 sin x 0  x  2

f(x) =  0  2
t
Replace x by 1/x
 1   x  2
 2 1
f   + f(x) =x ...(ii)
x
max. value will be 1
min. value (at x = 0) = 0 (i) = (ii)

1
Sol.24 B x=  x2 = 1  x = ± 1
x
AM  GM
at x = 1
2 4
a x b y 2 4 f(1) + f(1) = 1  f(1) = 1/2
 a 2b 2 x 4 y 4 at x = –1
2
1
c6 f(–1) = –
 |ab| x2y2 2
2
1
3 maximum value f(1) =
c6 c 2
x2y2  ; xy 
2 | ab | 2 | ab |

Sol.25 A

{x } {x }
f(x) = sin + cos
a a

 {x}  
f(x) = 2 sin  a  4 
 
f(x) will be max. when sin take its max.
value = 1

{x }  
so + =
a 4 2

{x }  a
= {x} =
a 4 4

a 4
0< <1 0 < a <
4 

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EXERCISE – II HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - II)

Sol.1 A,C
a+b=9 Sol.5 A,C

a In all three definition separately differ-
1
v=  r2 h entiate & check.
3
1 1 b
=  b2 a =  b2 (9 – b)  3 2
3 3 x  x  10x 1  x  0

dv ƒ(x)   sin x 0x  
=0b=6a=3 2
db 
 1  cos x  x  
 2
= a2  b2 = 3 5
Surface area =  r  Draw graph of function in given interval
=b
=  (6) (3 5 ) = 18 5 
Sol.2 A,C

f(X) = – 1 x 2 , 0x1
–x x>1 (1)
–1
f (x)

–1 1 f(x)
x3 + x2 – 10x = 0
x(x2 + x – 10) = 0
Sol.3 A,C x = 0, 2.75, – 3.75
3(sin1 x)2 3(cos1 x)2
f ' (x) = – =0
1  x2 1  x2
 
sin –1
x = cos –1
x  x=
 (2) sinx x 0, 
 2
4

critical points are x = 1, –1,
4
 3
f  = ; (3) 1 + cosx
4
  32

3 73 Combine all graphs, we get

f(–1) = – + 3 =
8 8
Sol.4 A,C
f(x) = x2/3
2 1
f’(x) = .
3 x1/3
x = 0 is crichal point
and f’(0) does not exist (option A)
Now,
lim  f 0  h    h2 /3  0 
h 0  
Local maxima at
lim f  0  h    h 
2 /3
0  2
h0
and absolute minima at 0 & 
f(0) = 0
i.e. f(0) < f(0+h) & f(0) < f(0 - h) Therefore the correct option is A, C.
i.e. f(0) is a minima ( option C)
Correct option - A, C

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Sol.6 B,D
Sol.8 A,B,C
x f(x) = sin x – x cos x
y = f(x) =
1  x tan x f ’(x) = cos x + x sin x – cos x
ymax when is reciprocal take min. value f ’(x) = x sin x = 0
 x = 0 sin x = 0
1 1 x tan x 1 (reject) x = n
= = + tan x
y x x f’’(x) = sin x + x cos x
1 x =  f’’() = –  < 0 max.
Let z = + tan x x = 2 f’’(2) = 2 > 0 min.
x
x = – f’’(–) =  > 0 min.
dz 1 x = –2 f’’(–2) = – 2 < 0 max.
= – 2 + sec2 x = 0 x = cos x
dx x
Sol.9 A,C,D
d2z 2 f(x) = 40 (3x4 + 8x3 – 18x2 + 60)–1
= 3 + 2 sec2 x tan x > 0 f ’(x) = – 40 (3x4 + 8x3 – 18x2 + 60)–2
dx 2 x
(12x3 + 24x2 – 36x)
min. at x = cos x
f ’(x) = 0
y take max. value at some x0
12x(x2 + 2x – 3) = 0
where x0 = cos x
12x (x + 3) (x – 1) = 0
+ – + –
Sol.7 B,D
x = (t) = t5 – 5t3 – 20t + 7 –3 0 1
y = (t) = 4t3 – 3t2 – 18t + 3 x = –3, 1 Local Maxima
4 2 x = 0 Local minima
x = ’(t) = 5t – 15t – 20
= 5 (t – 4) (t2 + 1)
2
Sol.10 A,B,D
x  0 when –2 < t < 2
y = ’(t) = 12t2 – 6t – 18 x 1
f(x) =
= 6 (2t2 – t – 3) x2  1
= 6 (2t – 3) (t + 1) 2

y = 0  t = 3/2, t = –1 x2  2x  1  x  1
f’(x) = 2 =  2
–2 < t < 2 satisfied x 2
1  x2

1
dy y f’(x) = 0  x = 1
= =0 (x  0)
dx x
x 3  3 x2  3x  1
y = 0  t = –1, 3/2 f ’’(x) = =0
( x 2  1)4
d2 y d  y  d  y  dt  x3 + 3x2 – 3x – 1 = 0
=  x  =  .  (x – 1) (x2 + 4x + 1) = 0
dx 2 dx   dt  x  dx
x = 1, -2± 3 - point of inflection
x y  y x
= . 1
2

( x) ( x ) Sol.11 C,D

d2 y x y 1  f (x) > 0  f (x) is increasing

= ×
dx 2 x2 x g (x) = f (cot2x – 2 cot x + 5)
(– 2 cot x. cosec2x + 2 cosec2x)
d2 y y 6 ( 4t  1) = f ((cot x–1)2 + 4) 2 cosec2x (1 – cot x)
= =
dx 2 x 2 x 2
 
g (x) < 0  x   0, 
d2 y  4
at t = –1 <0
dx 2  
 g(x) is decreasing in  0, 
2  4
d y
at t = 3/2 >0
dx 2   
g (x) > 0  x   , 
t = –1 ymax = 14 4 2
69   
t = 3/2ymin = –  g(x) is increasing in  , 
4 4 2
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Sol.12 B,C
odd cubic polynomial - symmelry about line x = 1
f(x) = ax3 + cx f(2 + x) = ln(2(2 + x) – (2 + x)2)
f’(x) = 3ax2 + c 
Two points possible + sin
2
2  x 
only when a, c have opposite sign.

= ln(4 + 4x – 4 – x2 – 4x) – sin x
2
or 
= ln (–x2 – 2x) – sin x
2
Also extremum point is more closer than the f(2 – x) = ln(2(2 – x) – (2 – x)2)
roots on either side of origin. 
+ sin 2  x 
2
Sol.13 A,D

= ln(4 – 2x – 4 + 4x – x2) + sin x
2
f(2 + x)  f(2 – x) ; f(x) is not symmetric
about line x = 2
2 x=a –2 x=a
Now,

lim f  x   lim f  x  

x a x a f(x) = ln(2x – x2) + sin x
2
= lim
x a

f  x   f  x   2
2x – x2 has max value at x = =1
2
 lim
x a
f  x   0

f  x  = integer ( Option A) also sin x has max value at x = 1,
So lim
x a 2
As,[f(x)] f(x) so f(x) has maximum value at x = 1
so f(x) has minima at x = a
correct option - A,D Sol.15 A,C
f(x) = a| x |2 – b| x |
Sol.14 A,C,D
g(x) = ax2 – bx = ax(x – b/a)
x x = 0, x = b/a
f(x) = ln(2x – x2) + sin (A) a > 0, b > 0 (B) a > 0, b < 0
2
2x – x2 > 0
x(2 – x) > 0
0<x<2 .....(A) 0
–b/a b/a
For symmetry at x = 1
f(1 + x) = f(1 – x) x = 0, minima
x = 0, maxima
f(1+x) = ln (2(1+x) – (1 + x)2)
(C) a < 0, b < 0 (D) a < 0, b > 0

+ sin 1  x  b  b
2   0 <0
a  a

= ln (2 + 2x – x2 – 2x – 1) + cos x
2

= ln (1 – x2) + cos x
2
f(1 – x) = ln (2(1 – x) – (1 – x)2)
x = 0, maxima x = 0, minima
 
+ sin  2 1  x  
 


= ln (2 – 2x – 1 – x2 + 2x) + cos x
2

= ln(1 – x2) + cos x
2
i.e. f(1 + x) = f(1 – x)

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EXERCISE – III HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 Gives AB + AC = constant = k
If AB = x  AC = k – x
BC2 = (AC)2 – AB2
= (k – x)2 – x2 = k2 – 2kx
1
= (BC) × (AB) C
2 Sol.3
x
1 k–
= x k 2  2kx
2 
A x B
1
z = 2 = x2 (k2 – 2kx) 2 2 2
4  =r +h
dz 1 1 2 1
dx
= [2x (k2 – 2kx) + x2 (–2k)] = 0
4
v
3
r h  h 2  h2
3
 
k
x = 0, x= dv 1
3   2  3h2  0
dh 3
 
x k/3 1
cos  = = =
kx k k /3 2 
h 
 3
=
3
Sol.2 d2v 
 6h  0 at =
dh2 3


so volume is maximumat h =
3
2pr = x 4a = 2a – x
2 2 2 2 2
2
x 20  x  =r +h r =  –
r= a= 3
2 4
2
x2  20  x  2
A1 = A2 =   r= 
4  4  3
A = A1 + A2 Now,
2 2
x ( 20  x ) r 2 3
A= +    2
4 4 tan =
h 3 
dA 2x 2(20  x) 20 -1
= – = 0 x =  =tan ( 2 )
dx 4 16 4

d2 A 2 2 Sol.4 Let speed of train = V m/H

2 = + >0
dx 4 16 covering distance = S
Area will be minimum Time taken to couver distance = S/V Hour
20 80 fuel charges = kV2 (k  constant)
20 – x = 20 – =
4 4 48 = k . (16)2  k = 3/16
20 80 other cost (per hours) = 300 Rs
Lengths are &
4 4 3 2
Per hour total cost = V + 300
16
For a run total cost

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Sol.6
 3 2  S
E =  V  300  Clearly 2r + 2 = 440
 16  V A = 2r = r(440 – 2r)
 3 300  dA 22
E = S V   0 when r = 35 using  
 16 V  dr 7
so dimension 110 & 70.
dE  3 300 
= S   =0
dV  16 V 2  Sol.7 CD = 2 cos [from triangle ADC]
V2 = 1600  V = 40 MD = 2 cos2  [from triangle MDC]
P = 4(1 + cos  – cos2 )
d2E  600 
= S 3  > 0
2 for V = 40 dp  B C
dV  V  =0  = ,0
d 3 
E is minimum A
M
D
most economical speed is 40 m/H 2
2
d p 
2
 0 so  =
Sol.5 4 2 m. d 3
/3

view of angle 4m Sol.8 Let P = (a cos , b sin )

4m x y
T: cos  + sin  = 1
5.6m
a b
1.6m y

xm N
P(a cos , b sin )
From fig.
4 x
0
tan =
x
8
tan(+) =
x ab
ON = &
tan   tan  8 b 2 cos 2   a 2 sin 2 

1  tan   tan  x
NP = OP2  ON2
4 8 32
tan +   tan
x x x2 a2b2
NP2 = D(let) = (a2 + b2) – u –
32  4 u

tan 1  2   where u = a2 sin2  + b2 cos2 
 x  x
d(D) a2b2 d2 (D) 2a2b2
4 = –1 + & = –
x  4x du u2 du2 u3
tan =
1 2
32 x2  32  0, 
2   
x = 0  u = ab  d’’ < 0
for maximise  tanalso maximise so D is maximum when u = ab
Let tan = t so PN = |a – b|
4x
t= Sol.9 V = volume of half cylinder
x2  32
D C
1
dt (x2  32)4  4(x)(2x) V= r2 h
 2
dx (x2  32)2
S = s1 + s2+s3 A B
for maxm or minima s  Total surface area
4(x2+32) – 8x2 = 0 s1 = semi circular surface
4x2 = 32×4
x2 = 32 1 1
= r2 + r2 = r2
x = 32  4 2 2 2
x= 4 2m s2 = surface of cylinder

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1 (iii) f(x) = x n x
= (2rh) = rh f ’(x) = n x + 1 = 0
2
s3 = Area of rectangular base whose height x = 1/e
= h, width = 2r
1
s3 = 2rh If x <
s = r2 + rh + 2rh e

2v n x < –1
s = r2 + ( + 2) r 2 n x + 1 < 0
r
– +
2v
= r2 + ( + 2) 1/e
r
2v minima at x = 1/e
dS
= 2r – ( + 2) = 0
dr r2
Sol.12
2 r3 = V( + 2)
d2S 4v(  2)
= 2 +
dr2 r3
2 + 4 = 6 > 0 minima at x = 0
S least when
2 r3 = V( + 2)
1 2
2 r3 = r h ( + 2) 3 4 45 2
2 Sol.13 (i) f(x) = – x – 8x3 – x + 105
4 2
h 
= f ’(x) = – 3x3 – 24x2 – 45x
2r 2
Sol.10 = – 3x (x2 + 8x + 15) = – 3x (x + 3) (x + 5)
critical points are x = 0, –3, –5
a
f(x) = + bx  6 = a + b ......(1) (ii) f(x) = 1 – 2x x < –1
x
=3 –1  x < 2
a = 2x – 1 x2
f ’(x) = – +b
x2
–a+b=0  a=b
a = 3, b = 3

Sol.11 (i) f(x) = 2x3 – 21x2 + 36x – 20

–1 2
f ’(x) = 6x2 – 42x + 36
= 6(x – 1) (x – 6) = 0
Infinite number of point in [–1, 2]
+ – +
x = 1 max. (iii)
1 6
x = 6 min.
(ii) f(x) = –(x – 1)3(x + 1)2
= –(x – 1)(x2 – 1)2
f’(x) = –(x2 – 1)2 – 4x(x2 – 1)(x – 1)
= –(x2 – 1)((x2 – 1 + 4x (x – 1))
= –(x2 – 1)(5x2 – 4x – 1)
= –(x2 – 1)(x – 1) (5x + 1)
= –(x – 1)3(5x + 1)
– + – shaded Region show min(tanx, cotx)
x  (0, )
–1 –1/5
maxima at x = 1 and minima at  3
so maximum at x = ,
4 4
1
x= 
5

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Sol.14 f(x) = x2 ; x  [–1, 2)

d2 z
x = –1 is a = – p cosec2 – q sec2 < 0 when tan2  = p/q
local maxima point d2
But Global maximum –1 2 p
is not defined as x = 2 so maxima when  = tan–1
q
is not included.
Sol.19 If annual increase subscribtion = x Rs
Then rate will be = (300 + x) Rs
Sol.15 f(x) = x + x and subcribers = (500 – x)
New income I = (300 + x) (500 – x)
1
f ’(x) = 1 + >0 I = 150000 + 200x – x2
2 x
4 dI
for x  (0, 4) = 200 – 2x = 0  x = 100
dx
Can’t calculate min. & max. value
Sol.16 f(1) = 1 + n b d2 I
=–2<0
f(1)  f(1–) b>0 dx2
1 + n b  2 x = 100 will be maximum point
n b  1 charge per scriber = (300 + x)
be = (300 + 100) = 400 Rs.
Final answer b  (0, e]
Sol.20 Let the freight charges of rail = R
1 then freight charges of road = 2R
Sol.17 (i) f(x) = x +
x If total cost = c
D
1  2 
f ’(x) = 1 – =0  x=±1 c = R 2 x  75  (20  x )
x2  
ROAD
5 3
+ – + dc
=0  x=5
–1 1 dx (20–x)
B x P A
Max. at x = -1 , f(–1) = –2 5 km from B towards A
RAlL
Min. at x = 1 , f(1) = 2
(ii) f(x) = cosec x ax  b ax  b
Sol.21 y  x  1 x  4 = 2
minima at    x  5x  4
y f(2) = -1
3  5 9
x =– , , , .... 2a  b
2 2 2 2  -1 =  2a + b = 2 ...(i)
x
4  10  4
– 0 

x = (4n + 1) nI  
dy a x  5x  4   ax  b  2x  5
2
2
 2
dx
 3

x2  5x  4 
maxima at x = – , ....
2 2
dy
0
 dx x 2
x = (4n – 1) , nI
2
a  2   2a  b  (1)
value at maxima = -1 value at minima = 1 0= 2  -2a + 2 = 0
 2 
Sol.18 y = sinp.cosq p, q  N a=1
Let, z = n y = p n sin  + q n cos  from (i) 2 × 1 + b = 2  b = 0
So,
dz p q
= cos  – sin  = 0
d sin  cos 
p cot  – q tan  = 0  
x2  5x  4   x  2x  5
dy x2  4
tan2  = p/q   2
dx

x2  5x  4
2

x  5x  4  
p
 = tan–1
q

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Sol.24 f(x) = x(x – 2) x  2

dy 2

  
2x x2  2x  4  x2  4 2x  5  = –x (x – 2) x < 2
dx2 x 2
 5x  4
2
 min at x = 2
0 1 2
max. at x = 1

d2 y Sol.25 f’(x) = ax2 + 2(a + 2)x + (a – 1)

 16  0
dx2 x 2 Let g(x) = ax2 + 2(a + 2)x + (a – 1)
g(x) must have both roots negative
so x = 2 is a point of maxima
D > 0  a > –4/5
1 g(0) > 0  a > 1
Sol.22 f(x) has extrema at x = –1,
3
b
– < 0  a <–2, a > 0
2a
so f’(x) = a(x + 1)  x  1 
 3 Finally a  (1, )

 2 2x 1  Sol.26 f(x) = ax6 + bx5 + cx4 + dx3 + ex2 + fx + g

= ax   
 3 3 1/ x
 f (x ) 
Given that xLim 1  3 
0  = e2 , 1 Form
 x3 x2 x   x 
f(x) =  3  3  3   b
a
For existance of limit e,f,g = 0
 
f(x) = ax6 + bx5 + cx4 + dx3
given f(–2) = 0
Lim f ( x)
a = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d  0
0=
3
 8  4  2   b x 0
x3
then d = 0
 –2a + 3b = 0 ....(i)
f(x) = ax6 + bx5 + cx4
also
f ’(x) = 6ax5 + 5bx4 + 4cx3
1
14 = x3 (6ax2 + 5bx + 4c) .....(1)
 f  x  dx  3  f(x) 
1/ x
Lim  e2
1
x 0
1  3 
 x 
1
a  14
 3  x 
3
  x2  x  b dx  Lim f ( x) = 2 c = 2
 3
x4
1 x 0

a 2  14 f ’(x) = x3 (6ax2 + 5bx + 8)

  0   0   2b  f ’(1) = f ’(2) = 0
3 3  3
f ’(1) = 0  6a + 5b + 8 = 0
 a + 9b = 21 ....(ii) By solving
f ’(2) = 0  24a + 10b + 8 = 0
from (i) & (ii)
21b = 42  b = 2 2 12
a= ,b=–
a=3 3 5
so
3 2 2 6 12 5
f(x) = x + x – x + 2 so f(x) = x – x + 2x4
3 5

Sol.23 (i) maxima Passage

(ii) minima Sol.27 D
(iii) Neither 1
(iv) Neither  f '(1)  f '  3   0
 
(v) Neither
(vi) maxima
 1
 f '(f)  a'(x  1)  x  3 
 

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Sol.29 C
 2 1  f(x) = 3
 a'  x2  x  
 3 3  x3  x2  x  2  3
Integrating w.r.t x, we get  x3  x2  x  1  0
a' 3
f(x)  (x  x2  x)    x2(x  1)  (x  1)  0
3
Where  is constant of integration.  (x2  1)(x  1)  0
and f(–2) = 0  x = –1, –1, 1
a'
 (8  4  2)    0 30. A-R,T; B-Q; C-P,S
3
(A) The function f(x) is differentiable except at x =
2a' 0
 
3  f(x) is not continuous at x = 0, also

a' 3 2 4
From Eq. (i), f(x) = (x  x2  x  2)  f(x) = 2x2 + 2
 f '(x)  4x  3
3 x x
Critical points are x =1, –1
1 14
Now , values of f(x) at x = –2, –1, 0, 1, 2
Also, 
1
f(x)dx 
3
are f(–2), f(–1), f(0),f(1), f(2)
a' 1 14 17 17
  (x3  x2  x  2)dx  ie. , 4,1, 4,
3 1 3 2 2

2a' 1
2 14 17
 0
3  (x0
 2)dx 
3  G
2
,L  1

2a'  1  [G + L] = 9, (G + L) = 10 (R, T)
 14
   2  (B) Given f(x) = x3 –6x2 + 9x + 1
3 3  3
 f '(x)  3x2  12x  9
14a' 14
  = 3(x –1) (x – 3)
9 3
 x  1,3 but 3  [0,2]
 a'  3
G = max {f(0), f(1), f(2)} = max {1, 5, 3} = 5
 f(x)  x  x  x  2 3 2 L=min{f(0), f(1), f(2)} = min {1,5,3} =1
 G = 5, L =1
Comparing with f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d
 [G + L] = 6, (G + L) = 6(Q)
 a = 1, b =1, c = – 1, d = 2
 1a 1
(C) Given f(x) = arc tan x  ln x
2  b and 2
3d
Sol.28 C 1 1 –(x  1)2
 f '(x)  2
 
1 x 2x 2x(1  x2 )
 1
f '(x)  3(x  1)  x    0  Critical points are x = 0 and x = 1
 3
(  at x = 0, f'(x) does not exist)
1  1 
 1  x 
3 but 0   , 3
 3 
 1
x   1,    1 

 3 Then, G = f 
  3
 , f(1), f  3 

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 1   1 
 max   ln3, ,  ln3
6 6 4 3 4 

 1
  ln3
6 4

  1 
and L  min f 
  3
 , f(1), f  3 

 1   1 
min   ln3, ,  ln3 
 6 4 4 3 4 

 1
=  ln3
3 4

 1
Hence, G =  ln3,
6 4

 1
L  ln3.
3 4

[G  L]  1,(G  L)  2(P, S)

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EXERCISE – IV HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - I)

Sol.1 D  Maximum of P(x) = Max {P(0), P(1)} and
Minimum of P(x) = Min {P (–1), P(0)}
1  a2 ( a + b = 1)
2 2
Let y=a+b = a +
In the interval [0, 1]
dy a P’(x) = 4x3 + 3ax2 + 2bx
 =1–
da 1  a2 = x (4x2 + 3ax + 2b)
 P’(x) has only one root x = 0, then 4x2
a
1  a2  a + 3ax + 2b = 0 has no real roots.
2
d y 1  a2 1  (9a2 – 32b < 0
2 =– 2
=
da 1a (1  a2 )3 / 2
9a2
 <b
32
dy a
Now, =01– =0 b >0
da 1  a2
Thus, we have a > 0 and b > 0
 P’(x)= 4x3 + 4ax2 + 2bx > 0,  x(0, 1)
1 d2y
1–a2 = a2  a = ± where <0 Hence, P(x) is increasing in [0, 1].
2 da2  Maximum of P(x) = P(1)
maximum value on taking Similarly, P(X) is decreasing in [–1, 0]
Therefore, Minimum P(x) does not occur
1 1 1
a= is + 1 = 2 at x = –1.
2 2 2
Sol.2 D Sol.4 D
f’(x) = 3x2 – p

p p k–2x 2x+3
f’(x) = 0  x = ,–
3 3 O
f’’(x) = 6x
1
p p k+2
x= , f’’(x) = 6 > 0 minima
3 3
–1
p  k+21
x= – , f’’(x) < 0 maxima
3  k  –1

Sol.5 D
Sol.3 B
 P’(x) = 4x3 + 3ax2 + 2bx + c f’(x) = x sin x – 0
 x = 0 is a solution for P’(x) = 0, (using, newton- leibnitz formula)
 c=0
f’(x) = x sin x = 0
 P(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + d
Also, we have P(–1) < P(1) sin x = 0
1–a+b+d <1+a+b+d  x = , 2
a>0 1
 P’(x) = 0, only when x = 0 and P(x) is f’’(x) = x cosx + 2 x sin x
differentiable in (–1, 1), we should have
the maximum and minimum at the points f’’() = –  < 0, maximum
x = –1, 0 and 1 only
Also, we have P(–1) < P(1) f’’(2) = 2 > 0, minimum

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Sol.6 A Sol.8 B
(i) A function f, such that 4x + 2r = 2
f(x) = log |x| + bx2 + ax, x  0 1 – r
x= ....(1)
(ii) The function ‘f’ has extrema at x=–1 2
and x = 2,
i.e., f’(–1) = f’(2) = 0
and f’’(–1)  0 f’’(2). x
Now, given function if is given by A = r2 + x2
f(x) = log |x| + bx2 + ax 2
 1 – r 
1 A = r2 +  
 f’(x) = + 2bx + a  2 
x
1 dA  1 – r   – 
 f’’(x) = + 2b  2r + 2     =0
x 2 dr  2   2 

Since, ‘f’ has extrema at x = –1 (1 – r)

2r – =0  4r = 1 – r
and x = 2, 2
Hence, f’(-1) = 0 = f’(2) 1
f’(–1) = 0  a – 2b = 1 ....(1)  r=
4
1 1
and f’(2) = 0  a + 4b = .....(ii) 1 – .
2 x= 4
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 2

1 1 2
a= and b = x=
2 4 4
x = 2r

1  x3  2 
1   Sol.9 C
 f’’(x) = + = – 2 
x2 2  2x  Given 2r + r = 20
1 2
 f’’(–1) < 0 and f’’(2) < 0 Now area  = r
2
 f has local maxima at both x = –1 and
x = 2. 1  20  2r  2
  r
Hence, obviously statement 1 is correct. 2 r 
Also, while solving for statement 1, we
1
found the values of a and b, which justify   20  2r  r
2
that statement 2 is also corret.
However, statement 2 does not explains
statement 1 in any way.

Sol.7 C

 r
f'(x) =  2x  1
x
at x = –1, 2  f'(x) = 0
– – 2+ 1 = 0 ....(1) 1
 
2
 20r  2r2 
  = 10r - r2 – 25 + 25
+ 4 + 1 = 0 .... (2)
2
 = 25 – ( r – 5)2
1  max = 25
 = 2,  = 
2

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Sol.10

1 1
ƒ(x) = x2+ & g(x) = x–
x2 x

2
 1
ƒ(X) =  x   +2
 x
Let
1
g(x) = x – =t
x
ƒ(x) = t2 + 2
Let

t2  2 2
h(x) = K(t) = =t+
t t

2
k’(t) = 1– = 0
t
t2 = 2

t   2

4
k”(t) =
t3

4
at t = 2 k”(t) =  2
2 2

4
at t =  2 k”(t) =  2
2 2

 minimum at t  2

t2  2  2 2
2 2
h(x) = =
t 2

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EXERCISE – IV HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - II)

Sol.1 (a)-C f(x) = (2 + x)3 –3 < x  –1 Sol.2 (a)-0 Let p(x) = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e
= x2/3 –1 < x < 2 p’(x) = 4ax3 + 3bx2 + 2cx + d
p’(1) = 4a + 3b + 2c + d = 0 .....(1)
p’(2) = 32a + 12b + 4c + d = 0 .....(2)

Lim 1  p( x )  = 2
 
O
x 0  x2 
–3 –1 2

 ax 4  bx 3  (c  1)x2  dx  e 
Lim   =2
x 0  x2 
clearly  
x = 0 is point of minima c + 1 = 2, d = 0, e = 0
and x = –1 is point of maxima c=1
from (1) and (2)
x 2  ax  1
(b) f(x) = 4a + 3b = –2 and 32a + 12b = –4
x 2  ax  1 a = 1/4, b = –1
2ax x4
f(x) = 1 – 2 p(x) = – x3 + x2
x  ax  1 4
 ( x 2  ax  1)2a  2ax ( 2x  a)  16
f ’(x) = –   p(2) = –8+4=0
4
 ( x 2  ax  1)2 
(b)-1 f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x – 48
A = {x/x2 + 20  9x}
2a( x 2  1) = {x/x  [4, 5]}
=
( x 2  ax  1)2 f ’(x) = 6(x2 – 5x + 6) = 0
x = 2,3
 ( x 2  ax  1)2 (2x )  2( x 2  1)( x 2  ax  1)( 2x  a ) 
(i)-A f ’’(x) = 2a   f(2) = –20, f(3) = –21, f(4) = –16, f(5) = 7
 ( x 2  ax  1)4  maximum value = f(5) = 7
 2 x( x 2  ax  1)  2( x 2  1)( 2 x  a )  Sol.3 (a) D
= 2a  
 ( x 2  ax  1)3  (a) f(x) = ex2  e x2 , g(x) = xex2  e  x2

4a(a  2) 4a h(x) = x 2 ex2  e x2

f ’’(1) = =
(a  2)3 ( a  2) 2 x
f’(x) = 2x e  ex 2 2

 > 0 for 0 < x < 1

 ( 2) (2  a )   4a i.e. f(x) is encreasing on [0,1]
f ’’(–1) = 2a   =
 (2  a)3  (a  2 )2 1
(2 + a)2 f ’’(1) + (2 – a)2 f ’’(–1) = 4a – 4a = 0 So, a = max{f(x)} = f(1) = e +
e
+ – +
(ii)-A h’(x) = 2xex2  2x 4 ex2  2xe x2
–1 1
 (–1, 1) and min. at x = 1 x
 2
2 x
= 2x e  2x e  e
x 2 2

0
ex f ' (t)
(iii)-B g(x) = 0 1  t2
dt for 0 < x < 1 as ex2 < e x2 for 0 < x < 1

f ' (e x ) 1 -1 1
g ’(x) = ex So max{h(x)} = h(1) = e + e = e
1 e 2x e

2a ( e2 x  1) ex g’(x) = ex2  2x3 ex2  2xe  x2

= ×
(e 2 x  ae x  1)2 1  e2 x
g ’(x) = 0 ; if e2x – 1 = 0 i.e. x = 0
x 2
x
= e  2x xe  e 
x 2 2

0 for 0<x<1

If x < 0, e2x < 1 g’(x) < 0

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1 Sol.8 A,C
So max {g(x)} = g(1) = e  Let y is the height of box after convert
e
So a = b = c ing and z is the volume
correct option D z = (8x – 2y) (15x –2y). y
(b)-1 = (120x2 – 46xy + 4y2).y
2
g’(x) / g(x) = 2010 (x – 2009) (x – 2010) .......... = 4y3 – 46xy2 + 120x2y
3 4
........... (x – 2011) (x – 2012) differentiate with respective y
For maximum, g’(x) must change its sign from
y’ = 12y2 – 92xy + 120x2 = 0
positive to negative which is true only at x=2009.
at y = 5
Sol.4 2 12.25 – 92x.5 + 120x2 = 0
Let f(x) = x4 – 4x3 + 12x2 + x – 1
6x2 – 23x + 15 = 0
f'(x) = 4x3 – 12x2 + 24x+1 y
f''(x) = 12x2 – 24x+24 x = 5/6, x = 3
f''(x) = 12(x – 1)2 + 12>0 maximum will be at x = 3
 f'(x)  x' x Ans. is 24 & 45
f(0) = – 1 –1
slope of f(x) is increasing y' Sol.9 A,B
Hence there are 2 distinct real roots.
f(x) = (2|x| + |x + 2|) – | x  2 | 2 | x |
Sol.5 9
p'(x) = a(x – 1) (x – 3) = ax2 – 4ax + 3a  4 | x | if | x  2 |  2 | x |
f(x) = 2 | x  2 | if | x  2 |  2 | x |

ax3
p(x) = – 2ax2 + 3ax + c
3
a y=2|x| y
– 2a+3a + c = 6 & 9a – 18a+9a = 2
3
 a=3
y=|x+2|
p'(0) = 3a = 9
Sol.6 5
 x2  x 1 ; x  1
 2
 x  x 1 ; 0  x  1 x
f(x) =  2 –2 2 O 2
  x  x 1 ; 1  x  0 
 x2 3
  x 1 ; x  1

 x  2, x  2
 x  2,  2  x  2 / 3
 2
  2x, x0
So f(x) =  3
so number of extremum = 5
 2x, 0x2
 x  2, x2
Sol.7 ABCD
2
f '(x)  ex (x  2).(x  3)
Increasing in (0,2)  (3,  ),  1 x  2
Decreasing in (2,3)  1  2  x  2 / 3

Maximum at 2 & minimum at 3  2  2 / 3  x  0
f'(x) =  2 0x2
2 2
& f''(x) = ex (2x  3)  (x2  5x  6)  2x  ex =0  1 x2

 2x  5  2x3  10x2  12x  0 Clearly minimum and maximum occur's

 2x  10x  14x  5 = 0
3 2
2
so there exists some c  (0,  ) such that at x = –2, ,0
3
f''(c) = 0

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Maxima & Minima Page # 258

Sol.10 3 2
g(x)  r  2 V r v 2

|| |
|| f(x) M=    r  2 .2
|||
|| 2
||
r r2
||
||

|| 2
v r  2  2
(0,1) M=  V   r  2  .2
r2
dm 0–8 4 
 v 3  2   2 r  2  .2
dr  r r 
f(x) = | x | + 1
g(x) = x2 + 1  –8 40 
v    4 12   0
 1000 1000 
max(f(x), f(g)) x  0
h(x) = 
min(f(x), g(x)) x  0  –48 
v   48  0
No of non differentiable points = 3.  1000 
v = 1000 
Sol.11 B,D Now
5
f(x) = x – 5x + a V 1000
  4
5
Let, g(x) = x – 5x = 0  x(x –5) = 0
4 250 250
has three real roots
Sol.13 C
 R
1
4x2  1 x>0
x
4x3  1  x
4x3  x  1
x 1

4x3
4 4
g’(x) = 5x – 5 = 5 (x – 1)
x 1
y
4x3

g(-1) = 6
3
dy x   x  1 3x

2
 
g(1) = –4 dx x6
so f(x) = g(x) + a, will have only one
root if a > 4 =

x3  3x3  3x2  =0
and f(x) will have three real root if x6
–4 < a < 4 2x3  3x2
option B,D  =0
x6
Sol.12 4 x2 2x  3
2mm  0
r x6
3
 x
2
h
2
  { ymax.}
2  27

2mm 1

2 2
M = (r + 2) n – r n + (r + 2) .2 2 27
{Volume of container}
1
 min 
27

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Maxima & Minima Page # 259

15. B,C,D
14. B,C,D F '(x)  f(x)

F '(x)  (x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 5)

 x5  5x 4  10x 3  10x 2  3x  1 x  0
 2
 x  x  1 0  x 1
2 3 8
ƒ(x)   x  4x  7x 
2
1 x 3
3 3
 10
(x  2) n(x  2)  x  x  3
 3

ƒ is onto  Range = R (n (x–2) contains

all real values) at x = 1, 5  minima
x=2  maxima
5x 4  20x3  30x2  20x  3 x0
 Now
2x  1 0  x 1
ƒ '(x)  
 2x2  8x  7 1 x  3 F '(x)  x3 – x 2  17x – 10

 1   n(x  2)  1 x 3 Integrate

x 4 8 3 17 2
F(x)  – x  x – 10x  C
4 3 2
 F(0) = 0  C = 0
ƒ is not diff.
x 4 8 3 17 2
F(x)  – x  x – 10 x
4 3 2
20x3  60x2  60x  20 x0

2 0x  1  For x  (0, 5) F(x)  0
ƒ "  x    4x  8 1 x  3

 1 x3
16. B,C,D
 x  2

20(1  x)3 x0


2 0x  1
 ƒ "  x   4x  8 1 x  3

 1 x 3
 x  2

ƒ"
-1 0

ƒ' - +
-1 0

Not always one

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Maxima & Minima Page # 260

sin x
f(x) = ,x  0
x2

x2 cos x  2x sin x

f’(x) =
x4

 
2 cos x  x  tan x 
=  2 
x3


f’(x) = 0  cosx = 0 or x = tanx
2


x = 2n  1 nI
2

from graph, we can see that  x =

2n  1
,
2
f’(x) does not change sign, so these
points are neither local maxima has
minima

x
similarly  x : = tanx;
2

1
where yn(2n–1, 2n– )  n =1,2,3.....
2

1
and xn  (2n, 2n+ )  n = 1,2,3.....
2
(option - B)
 xn+1 – yn+1 > 1 and yn + 1 – xn > 1
 xn+1 – xn > 2 (option - D)

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