NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE

CERTIFICATION OF CRANE OPERATORS (CCO)

CANDIDATE HANDBOOK
• TOWER CRANE OPERATOR

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TCO CH REV 12/22
 Dear CCO Candidate:
Welcome to the National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators (CCO) tower
crane operator certification program.
CCO is a nonprofit organization founded in 1995 to establish a fair and independent evaluation
of crane operator knowledge and skills. Key to this industry-led effort has been the develop-
ment of the CCO written and practical examinations, first for mobile crane operators, and
subsequently for tower, overhead, articulating, and service truck crane operators, boom truck
This CCO operators, digger derrick operators, signalpersons, riggers, crane inspectors, and lift directors.
certification This nationally recognized and internationally accredited tower crane operator certification
program is program is the culmination of a year of hard work by experts from the various industries and
accredited by the groups that use cranes, including construction, steel erection, utilities, crane rental, petro-
ANSI National chemicals, pulp and paper, and operating engineers. The CCO Tower Crane Task Force that
Accreditation determined the content of the exams was made up of experts from all aspects of the crane
industry—crane operators, training directors, managers, supervisors, manufacturers—who
Board (ANAB) to
together represent many thousands of hours of crane-related experience. These volunteers gave
ISO 17024 (General freely of their time and expertise with the goal of improving the safety of all whose work brings
Requirements for them into contact with cranes and lifting equipment.
Bodies Operating
When this program was created, crane operator certification was voluntary unless required by
Certification local jurisdictions or specific employers. However, in August 2010, the federal Occupational
Systems of Persons). Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) enacted new national standards for cranes and
derricks used in construction under 29 CFR 1926 Subpart CC. These new rules require that
operators of most cranes above 2,000 lb. capacity when used in construction need to be either
certified by an accredited crane operator testing organization such as CCO or qualified through
an audited employer program. Section 1926.1427 of the new rule describes crane operator certi-
fication/qualification requirements. Option 1, which is anticipated to be the most commonly
used, requires operators to be certified by a nationally accredited crane operator testing orga-
nization that tests operators through written and practical testing. Obtaining CCO certification
Mobile, Tower, Overhead,
Articulating, and Service Truck Crane
meets all the requirements set forth by the new OSHA rule.
Operator, Digger Derrick Operator,
Signalperson, Rigger Level I and
Level II, Crane Inspector, and Lift
To ensure CCO examinations are—and remain—valid measurements of proficiency, CCO
Director Programs Accredited teamed its exam development expertise with the task force’s knowledge and experience. In
addition to guiding the development of new examinations, CCO continually analyzes the
performance of CCO exams and reports to the Exam Management Committees. To be able to
provide fair and independent assessments, CCO does not conduct training, nor does it provide
This handbook reflects training materials.
CCO’s current policies at
the time of publication; CCO, as a third-party certification body, is fully committed to, and understands the impor-
to be sure that you have tance of, delivering all certification activities on a foundation of impartiality. All policies and
the latest version of this procedures are established in an objective manner and ultimately strive to achieve fairness
book, see the Handbooks throughout all activities. CCO prevents any conflicts of interest through detailed policies and
and Forms page on the procedures observed by staff, governing body representatives, and those involved in written
CCO website. Please and practical exam administration.
read this handbook
carefully and retain it This candidate handbook has been prepared to provide you with comprehensive information
for reference throughout about the CCO written and practical examinations leading to certification for operating
the certification process. tower cranes. CCO recognizes the commitment you are about to make and will do everything
it can to make your experience a positive and successful one. If, after reading this handbook,
Do not discard this
there is anything that you do not fully understand or need clarified, please call CCO at 703-
document.
560-2391 or email [email protected]. CCO staff will guide you through any aspect of the
CCO does not dis- program that you would like explained in more detail.
criminate against any
individual because of Thank you for your interest—and good luck with your efforts to become CCO-certified!
race, gender, age, creed,
disability, or national
origin.

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 Table of Contents

Introduction................................................................................................................ 1
Program Description.......................................................................................................................1
CCO Examination Development.....................................................................................................1

Certification Policies................................................................................................... 2
Eligibility.........................................................................................................................................2
CCO Written Examinations.............................................................................................................2
CCO Practical Examinations...........................................................................................................2
CCO Certification Time Frames.......................................................................................................2
Recertification Requirements..........................................................................................................2
Code of Ethics for Certified Crane Operators..................................................................................3
Disciplinary Policy...........................................................................................................................3
Substance Abuse Policy..................................................................................................................3
Certification Cards..........................................................................................................................3
Change of Address.........................................................................................................................3

How to Apply for CCO Exams...................................................................................... 4

Start with myCCO Portal.................................................................................................................4
Written Examination Options.........................................................................................................4
Rescheduling/Cancellation.............................................................................................................5
Identification at the Test Site..........................................................................................................5
Score Reporting..............................................................................................................................6
Practical Examination Options .......................................................................................................6
Applying for Practical Exam............................................................................................................6

Written Examination Process...................................................................................... 7

Candidates Requesting Testing Accommodations...........................................................................7
Test Site Information......................................................................................................................7
Test Scoring Information.................................................................................................................7
Retaking the Examination(s)..........................................................................................................8
Information Release Policy.............................................................................................................8

Written Examination Outline...................................................................................... 9

Domain 1: Site................................................................................................................................9
Domain 2: Erection, Climbing, and Dismantling..............................................................................9
Domain 3: Operations .......................................................................................................... 9
Domain 4: Technical Knowledge ..................................................................................................10

Reference List........................................................................................................... 11
Practical Examination Process.................................................................................. 12
Practical Examination Outline.................................................................................. 13

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 Introduction
TOWER CRANE OPERATOR

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION job task analysis. This study identified the knowledge and
skills necessary for safe crane operations. A representa-
The National Commission for the Certification of Crane tive number of crane operators then validated that the
Operators (CCO) is an independent, nonprofit organiza- knowledge recommended by the experts was vital to safe
tion formed in 1995 to set standards for fairly measuring operations. The study and survey were then used to gener-
the knowledge and proficiency required for the safe opera- ate the test blueprints and content specifications.
tion of cranes. CCO currently administers a nationwide
program of certifications for crane operators and related Development of the CCO Tower Crane Operator Written
trades, including riggers and signalpersons. Examination involved a panel of crane operation content
experts who worked with CCO staff to write and review
Based on extensive discussions with representatives from all questions used in the examination. Each examination
all segments of business and industry who recognize the contains a unique combination of questions from the
impact of safety issues, CCO has identified the following question bank. These questions are selected for the exami-
potential benefits of operator certification: nation on the basis of the content areas, as defined by the
• Fewer accidents, injuries, and fatalities test blueprints.
• Reduced risk of loss Similarly, the Tower Crane Operator Practical Examina-
• Assurance of operator’s abilities tion was developed as a fair and objective assessment of
the essential skills a crane operator needs to operate tower
• Less property damage
cranes safely.
• Improved safety records
These exams were developed over a one-year period by
• Enhanced public image of crane operators an CCO task force made up of experts from all aspects of
All candidates are required to pass both the Written and the crane industry—crane operators, training directors,
Practical Examination(s) to be certified. managers, supervisors, manufacturers—who together
represent many thousands of hours of crane-related
As detailed in this handbook, candidates may take the experience. This task force teamed its knowledge and
Practical Examination on the following tower crane types: experience with CCO’s exam development expertise.
• Hammerhead
CCO guided the task force in establishing key elements of
• Luffing jib the program, including identifying essential skills, select-
• Self-erecting ing tasks, standardizing test conditions, developing the
scoring process, establishing reliability among tests, and
The initial certification period is for five years. To maintain creating flexible application and scheduling procedures.
their certification, certificants are required to recertify
prior to their expiration date. Periodic written examina- In concert with the Tower Crane Task Force, CCO also
tion is necessary to ensure that certificants’ knowledge designed the Practical Exam Proctor Program, whereby
of industry standards, equipment, and safety practices CCO trains and credentials CCO-certified crane operators
keeps pace with changes in these areas. CCO’s subject to administer CCO practical examinations.
matter experts, working in conjunction with psychometric
consultants, reviewed the speed of such change in the
industry and researched other comparable certification
and licensing programs before determining that this goal
could be achieved by setting the examination interval at
five years. Little, if any, additional benefits, it is believed,
would accrue by more frequent testing. A practical (skills)
examination is not required for recertification, as long as
the certificant meets specified experience requirements.

CCO EXAMINATION DEVELOPMENT

The first step in the development of an objective test to
measure what is required to operate cranes safely was a

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 Certification Policies
TOWER CRANE OPERATOR

ELIGIBILITY certification period, the certificant is exempt from recer-

tifying for the new designation after five years; after that,
To be eligible for certification, candidates must: however, certificants must recertify for all designations
• Be at least 18 years of age during the 12 months prior to their certifications’ expira-
• Comply with CCO’s Substance Abuse Policy tion date. This ensures that all of the certificant’s operator
designations maintain the same expiration date.
• Pass a written examination
Candidates for certification or recertification may petition
• Pass a practical examination
for an extension of CCO’s standard timeline(s). CCO staff
• Comply with the Code of Ethics for Certified Crane shall have the discretion to make the initial determination
Operators of whether a requested extension should be granted. Peti-
tions for an extension of time are generally denied absent
CCO WRITTEN EXAMINATIONS a showing of extraordinary circumstances. Denials of such
The written examination consists of a single examina- petitions may be appealed to the Appeals Committee.
tion in tower crane operation. This examination has 55 RECERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
multiple-choice questions. Candidates are allowed 60
minutes to complete the Tower Crane Operator Written CCO certification is valid for five years. Recertification
Examination. candidates must complete all of their recertification
requirements during the 12 months prior to their certifi-
CCO PRACTICAL EXAMINATIONS cation’s expiration date. This includes:
The practical examination demonstrates crane operation • Passing the Tower Crane Operator Written
proficiency and may be taken on any one of the following Examination
tower crane types: • Compliance with CCO’s Substance Abuse Policy
• Hammerhead • Compliance with the Code of Ethics for Certified
• Luffing jib Crane Operators
• Self-erecting The written exams required for recertification are identical
to the exams required for initial certification.
CCO CERTIFICATION TIME FRAMES
Recertification candidates may take their written exam up
Candidates must pass both written and practical examina-
to one year prior to their certification’s date of expiration.
tions to be certified for a five-year period. The written and
Regardless of the date of the exam within that one-year
practical exams may be taken in either order. Candidates
period, the new five-year certification period begins from
have 12 months from the time they pass their first written
the date of expiration of the candidate’s initial certification.
or practical exam for each crane designation in which to
pass the corresponding (written or practical) exam. Candidates who can attest to at least 1,000 hours crane-
related experience during their period of certification do
Any tests passed within a 12-month period count towards
not need to take the practical exam to recertify. Crane-
certification. For example, a candidate who fails the Tower
related experience is defined as: operating, maintaining,
Crane Operator Written Exam in January 2022 but passes
inspecting, or training on cranes.
the Tower Crane Operator Practical Exam in June 2022 has
until the end of June 2023 to retake (and pass) the Tower Recertification candidates who do need to take the practi-
Crane Operator Written Exam. cal exam for any reason, however, must do so before their
certification expires. There is no grace period after their
If a certified operator subsequently becomes certified in
certification’s expiration date. Candidates whose certifi-
an additional operator designation by taking the appropri-
cation has lapsed must take the full written and practical
ate written and practical exams, the certification period for
examinations over to be certified again.
the additional designation expires at the same time his/her
original certification (i.e., all operator designations expire [Note: Candidates who recertify more than 12 months
on the same date, regardless of when in the five-year prior to their expiration date will have their new certifica-
certification period the candidate passed them). If the new tion period begin immediately, not from the end of their
designation is added within the final 24 months of his/her current certification period.]
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CODE OF ETHICS FOR CERTIFIED CRANE DISCIPLINARY POLICY
OPERATORS
All participants in CCO’s certification programs, including
Certified crane operators must comply with the Code of CCO certified personnel, are held to very high standards
Ethics for Certified Crane Operators during their certifica- of conduct and are expected to conduct themselves in an
tion, as defined below. ethical manner.
In my occupation, I will conduct myself in a manner: In recognizing its responsibility to maintain the integrity
of CCO’s certification programs, CCO understands that
i. So as to place the safety and welfare of others
action may be needed against a candidate or certificant
associated with my work above all other
upon receipt and investigation of allegations of violation(s)
considerations;
of the Code of Ethics or Substance Abuse Policy or similar
ii. So as to protect and preserve nearby general public policies, if they are found to be substantiated.
property and the environment; and
Find grounds for disciplinary action as well as the
iii. So as to be free of bias with regard to religion,
policies and procedures surrounding such action at
ethnicity, gender, age, national origin, and disability.
www.nccco.org/discipline.
Furthermore, in connection with my work and in my deal-
ings with CCO, I will: SUBSTANCE ABUSE POLICY
iv. Make management and appropriate personnel aware It is the policy of the National Commission for the Certifi-
promptly if I have any safety concerns relating to cation of Crane Operators (CCO) that certified personnel
the work that I am performing or with which I am shall not perform duties related to their certification while
involved; under the influence of any substance that impairs or may
reasonably be expected to impair their ability to work
v. Not knowingly violate any safety-related regulations,
safely in the workplace.
warnings, or instructions set forth by OSHA,
recognized safety standards, prevailing jurisdictions, See details of the CCO substance abuse policy at
or equipment manufacturers; and, www.nccco.org/abuse.
vi. Not mislead, misrepresent or knowingly deceive others
CERTIFICATION CARDS
concerning my experience or the capabilities of myself
or the equipment I am operating or with which I am Certified operators receive a laminated photo ID card at
working. no cost when they certify, add a designation, or recertify.
In addition, in my dealings with CCO, I will: Replacement cards may be ordered online at:
www.nccco.org/newcard.
vii. Provide accurate and complete information and abide
by CCO’s policies and procedures, including this Code Certification cards remain the property of CCO, are not
of Ethics, as they may be updated from time to time; transferable, and must be returned to CCO upon demand.
viii. Not act dishonestly or unfairly in order to gain an
CHANGE OF ADDRESS
advantage, or to provide another with an advantage,
in connection with any dealings with CCO; Certificants who change their address must notify CCO
ix. Cooperate fully and completely with any administra- as soon as possible. Failure to do so may cause important
tive inquiries or investigations by CCO; and, updates on CCO programs to be missed that could affect a
certificant’s stature.
x. Not misrepresent or misuse any CCO card, or the
CCO or CCO acronyms and logos, or any registered The fastest and easiest way to update your contact
trademark or other intellectual property of CCO; information is using the myCCO portal smartphone
and I understand that I must return the card to CCO app, available for iPhones and Android phones.
immediately if required to do so. Alternatively, you may use the companion website
(www.nccco.org/myCCO) to access and update your
CCO-certified personnel who intentionally or knowingly
contact information and review your current certifications
violate any provision of the Code of Ethics will be subject
and expiration dates. The app also enables you to view
to action by a peer review panel, the Ethics and Discipline
your upcoming exams and recent exam history, including
Committee, which may result in suspension or revocation
exam results.
of certification.

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 How to Apply for CCO Exams
WRITTEN AND PRACTICAL

START WITH myCCO PORTAL Event Online Testing (EOT)

All candidates applying for CCO exams—both written and Take your exam(s) online using a computer at an
practical—need a myCCO account to submit their exam authorized CCO test site. For more information, go to
applications and payments. A myCCO account is free and www.nccco.org/EOT.
takes only minutes to set up.
Applications may be submitted at any time, but no less
To apply for CCO exams, complete the following steps: than two business days before your preferred exam date.
1. Go to my.ccocert.org and login or register for an Once the application has been processed, candidates will
account. receive a scheduling authorization email with specific
2. Once you are logged in, submit an online application instructions on how to find an available authorized CCO
and pay for the exam(s). test site. Scheduling your exam appointment occurs
through the Test Site Coordinator. Once scheduled, candi-
3. Application deadlines and processing times vary by
dates will receive a CCO appointment confirmation email
type of testing. Please see specifics below.
with the date, time, and location of their appointment.
4. Candidates have six months from the date of
Candidates will receive preliminary exam results immedi-
application to take exam(s).
ately following testing.
Examination Fees
Computer-Based Testing (CBT)
For all exam and related fees, visit the Exam Fees page on
CCO’s website at www.nccco.org/fees. Take your exam(s) online using a computer at any of the
400+ PSI test centers across the country. For more infor-
WRITTEN EXAMINATION OPTIONS mation about CBT, go to www.nccco.org/cbt.

The following exam administration options are available Applications may be submitted at any time, but no less
for CCO written exams: than five business days before your preferred exam date.
Once the application has been processed, candidates will
Online Proctored Testing (OPT)
receive a scheduling authorization email with specific
Take your exam(s) online using your internet-connected instructions on how to schedule the schedule the date,
computer. You will be monitored by a live online proctor time, and location their exam. Scheduling exam appoint-
for the full duration of the exam. You can test from almost ments occurs through PSI. Once scheduled, candidates
anywhere, 24/7/365. Computers must meet minimum will receive a CCO appointment confirmation email with
technical requirements as found at www.nccco.org/ the date, time, and location of their appointment.
techreq. For more information, go to www.nccco.org/OPT.
Candidates will receive exam results immediately follow-
Applications may be submitted at any time, but no less ing testing.
than two business days before your preferred exam date.
Paper/Pencil Testing (PPT)
Once the application has been processed, candidates will
receive a scheduling authorization email with specific Take your exam(s) via paper/pencil on a specific date,
instructions on how to schedule the date and time of their time, and location. If interested in paper/pencil testing,
exam. Scheduling exam appointment occurs through the go to www.nccco.org/findwritten to find a PPT exam
myCCO portal. Once scheduled, candidates will receive a administration convenient to you; then contact the Test
CCO appointment confirmation email with the date and Site Coordinator to confirm availability.
time of their appointment. Paper/pencil CCO written examinations are electronically
Candidates will receive preliminary exam results immedi- scored by CCO. For this reason, it is important to complete
ately following testing. the answer sheet according to the instructions provided
by the Written Exam Proctor on the day of the exam.
Candidates will receive credit only for answers recorded
on the scannable answer sheet. Answers marked in the

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test booklet(s) will NOT be counted toward a candidate’s • To cancel an application email [email protected].
score. • Refunds, minus a cancellation fee, will be issued
within 30 days of the cancellation.
RESCHEDULING/CANCELLATION
• Candidates who miss their exam appointment, or
The following policies apply should a candidate be unable
miss the cancellation deadline will forfeit their fees.
to attend the scheduled exam appointment.
Emergency Cancellation
Online Proctored Testing (OPT)
Only the following are considered grounds for emergency
• Candidates may reschedule or cancel their exam cancellation:
appointment at no cost through the myCCO portal at
least one minute prior to the exam start time. • Called to work—supporting documentation required:
letter from employer
• Candidates who are 15 minutes late for their
appointment, miss their exam appointment entirely, • Candidate illness—supporting documentation
or do not test within six months of their application required: doctor’s note
submission will forfeit their fees. • Family death—supporting documentation required:
• Note that candidates who scheduled testing through death certificate or obituary notice
OPT are able to cancel and reschedule through EOT if To be considered for an emergency cancellation:
they so choose, at no additional cost.
• Candidates must notify CCO within seven business
Event Online Testing (EOT) days following the exam date.
• Candidates may reschedule or cancel their exam • To cancel an application, email [email protected]
appointment at no cost by contacting their Test Site along with required supporting documentation.
Coordinator as long as the exam has not been started. • Refunds, minus a cancellation fee, will be issued
• Candidates who decide not to take exams, or do not within 30 days of the cancellation.
test within six months of application submission will • Candidates who miss their exam, decide not to take
forfeit their fees. exams, or cancel after the deadline will forfeit their
• Note that candidates who scheduled testing through fees.
EOT are able to cancel and reschedule through OPT if
they so choose, at no additional cost. IDENTIFICATION AT THE TEST SITE

Computer-Based Testing (CBT) Candidates must bring valid (not expired) government-
issued photo identification that includes date of birth to
• Candidates may reschedule their exam appointment the test site on the day of the test administration. Candi-
at no cost through PSI as long as they do so at least 24 dates will be required to sign the test site roster upon entry
hours prior to the exam start time. to the testing area.
• To reschedule or unschedule exams:
Acceptable forms of photo identification may include a
– Log into PSI account, or current:
– Call PSI at 833-333-4752 • Passport
• Candidates who do not cancel their appointment by • Government–issued driver’s license
the deadline, miss their exam appointment, arrive late
• Military identification card
for their appointment, decide not to take exams, or do
not test within six months of application submission • U.S. Government–issued alien registration card
will forfeit their fees. NOTE: Candidates without appropriate identifica-
Paper/Pencil Testing (PPT) tion documents will NOT be admitted to take the CCO
examination(s) and all fees will be forfeited.
Standard Cancellation
• Candidates may cancel their application as long as
they do so at least seven business days prior to the
exam date.

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SCORE REPORTING hour with an authorization code for each practical exam
they are approved to take. Candidates have up to six
Online Proctored Testing (OPT) and Event Online
months to take their practical exam before their authoriza-
Testing (EOT) tion expires.
• Candidates will receive preliminary exam results Please note the following requirements:
immediately following testing.
• Candidates will not be permitted to take a practical
• Candidates results will also be available in the myCCO
exam without their authorization code.
Portal and mobile phone app.
• Candidates must take the authorized practical exam
Computer-Based Testing (CBT) by the expiration date. No extensions permitted.
• CBT candidates will receive their test results • Applications cannot be cancelled, refunded, or
immediately following their exams and should retain transferred to another candidate.
these score reports for their records.
• On test day candidates must bring a valid
• Candidates results will also be available in the myCCO government-issued photo ID (passport, driver’s
mobile phone app. license) with date of birth.
Paper/Pencil Testing (PPT)
• Paper/pencil CCO written examinations are
electronically scored by CCO. For this reason, it is
important to complete the answer sheet according to
the instructions provided by the Written Exam Proctor
on the day of the exam. Candidates will receive credit
only for answers recorded on the scannable answer
sheet. Answers marked in the test booklet(s) will NOT
be counted toward a candidate’s score.
• Examination results are emailed to candidates
approximately 12 business days after the examination
administration.

PRACTICAL EXAMINATION OPTIONS

To find upcoming practical exam administrations for the
program(s) you’re interested in, contact your Test Site
Coordinator to determine the date of the next scheduled
practical exam, or visit www.nccco.org/practicalsites to
find the nearest practical testing locations to you; then
contact the Test Site Coordinator to confirm availability
and to schedule.
Applications may be submitted at any time, but at least
one hour prior to testing.
Once the application has been processed, candidates will
receive an email for each exam they are approved to take
with a testing authorization code. Candidates will not be
permitted to take a practical exam without their authoriza-
tion code.

APPLYING FOR PRACTICAL EXAM

Candidates must apply for practical exams online at
my.ccocert.org. Upon submission of their application,
candidates will receive a confirmation email within one

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 Written Examination Process
TOWER CRANE OPERATOR

CANDIDATES REQUESTING TESTING the results of the examination, or other appropriate

ACCOMMODATIONS remedy.

Arrangements for persons with disabilities will be pro- • A candidate’s signature on the answer sheet or roster
vided upon request, in conformance with the Americans for the administration of the examination confirms
with Disabilities Act (ADA). that the candidate has read and understands the
above statements.
Professional documentation in support of a request for
accommodation must be submitted to CCO no later than Candidate Question Comment Forms
four weeks prior to the scheduled test date. For further Computer-based testing candidates may provide com-
information about testing accommodations, see the ments for any question by clicking on the “Comments”
complete CCO Testing Accommodations Policy at: button to the left of the Time button. This opens a dialogue
www.nccco.org/accommodations. box where candidates may enter comments.

TEST SITE INFORMATION NOTE: Only comments completed on the Candidate

Question Comment Form or provided during the
Test Security computer-based examination at the test site will be
For the purpose of test security, candidates who sit for considered for review.
CCO examination(s) acknowledge that they understand
the following: TEST SCORING INFORMATION
• The examination is the exclusive property of CCO. CCO written examinations are criterion-referenced
examinations; i.e., the passing score is set beforehand,
• The examination and the questions contained therein and candidate performance on the examination is not
are protected by federal copyright law. compared to the performance of others taking the exami-
• No part of the examination(s) may be copied nation. In a criterion-referenced examination, a candidate
or reproduced in part or whole by any means must obtain a score equal to or higher than a predeter-
whatsoever, including memorization. mined passing score to pass the test. The passing score
• Theft or attempted theft of an examination is represents an absolute standard and is determined by a
punishable as a felony. panel of CCO content experts using a psychometrically
accepted standard-setting methodology.
• While at the examination site, candidates are
considered professionals and shall be treated as In reporting the examination results to candidates,
such. In turn, candidates must conduct themselves statistical procedures are used to convert raw scores
in a professional manner at all times. While at the (i.e., the number of test questions answered correctly)
site, they shall not use words or take actions that are to scaled scores, which are set for all administrations of
vulgar, obscene, libelous, or that would denigrate the the examination(s). The scaled score is not a number-
staff or other candidates. answered-correctly score.
• No conversing or any other form of communication Candidate results are reported as a pass/fair status.
among the candidates is permitted once they enter
Candidate scores are never reported by telephone.
the examination area.
• No smoking, eating, or drinking is allowed at the Score Review Requests
examination site. Candidates not passing exam(s) may request from CCO
• No guests, visitors, or family members are allowed in a hand scoring of their answer sheet(s), provided their
the testing room or reception areas. request is made in writing within three months of the test
• Candidate participation in any irregularity during date. A Score Review Processing Fee will be invoiced.
the examination, such as giving or obtaining Scoring review requests should be emailed to
unauthorized information or aid, as evidenced by an [email protected].
observation or subsequent statistical analysis, may be
sufficient cause to terminate participation, invalidate

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In the event that score review of a failing candidate’s
answer sheet results in a passing score, the score review
fee will be refunded in full.

RETAKING THE EXAMINATION(S)

Candidates who fail an examination(s) may retake the
examination(s); they must reapply and pay all correspond-
ing retest fees. Written exam retest candidates are required
to wait a minimum of four weeks before retesting on the
same exam.

INFORMATION RELEASE POLICY

CCO releases information pertaining to individuals who
have successfully passed one or more CCO examinations
according to its Information Release Policy as detailed at
www.nccco.org/inforelease.

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 Written Examination Outline
TOWER CRANE OPERATOR

The Tower Crane Written Examination tests the following 7. Understand the proper crane configuration.
knowledge areas relating to the operation of tower cranes. 8. Be familiar with standard minimum and maximum
Domain 1: Site tie-in spacing and maximum tower height above
• Approximately 10% of test tie-ins.
9. Be familiar with proper installation of internal
Domain 2: Erection, Climbing, and Dismantling climbing collars, support beams, wedges, and
• Approximately 25% of test
climbing apparatus.
Domain 3: Operations 10. Be familiar with proper installation of top climbing
• Approximately 50% of test units and tie-in collars, struts, and lower braces.
Domain 4: Technical Knowledge 11. Know proper position of top climbing unit
• Approximately 15% of test after climbing procedures in accordance with
manufacturer’s specifications.
Domain 1: Site
12. Be familiar with proper travel rail installation and
Approximately 10% of test maintenance.
1. Know how to assess suitability of the supporting
DOMAIN 3: OPERATIONS
surface.*
Approximately 50% of test
2. Know how to determine if there is adequate room for
outriggers and tail swing.* 1. Know how to inspect the crane for proper condition
and complete required records.
3. Know how to locate and identify site hazards and
restrictions such as electric power lines, air-rights, or 2. Know how and when to communicate with
other hazardous systems and public access areas. management, crew, and signalperson.
4. Be familiar with basic requirements for power 3. Know standard method hand signals as specified by
sources, fusing, disconnects, lightning protection, and OSHA.
grounding. 4. Know how to shut down and secure the crane
5. Be familiar with the necessity to protect the crane’s properly when leaving it unattended.
foundation. 5. Know the manufacturer’s recommendations for
* 1 and 2 refer to self-erecting tower cranes only operating in various weather conditions.
6. Know how to verify the weight of the load and the
DOMAIN 2: ERECTION, CLIMBING, AND rigging.
DISMANTLING 7. Understand basic load rigging procedures.
Approximately 25% of test
8. Know how to perform basic maintenance.
1. Know proper erection, climbing, and dismantling
9. Know the crane operator responsibilities contained in
procedures specified by the manufacturer in the
ASME B30.3 and specified by OSHA.
operator’s manual.
10. Know how to use operator aids and limiting devices.
2. Know general notes and warnings to be applied
during climbing procedures. 11. Know the proper procedures for operating safely
under special conditions—e.g., traveling with
3. Know the maximum allowable wind speeds during
suspended loads; approaching two blocking;
erection, climbing, dismantling, and operation.
operating near electric power lines; lifting loads from
4. Understand the proper procedures for bolting and/or beneath the surface of the water; handling loads out
pinning connections. of the operator’s vision (“in the blind”); and using
5. Understand the maximum freestanding height suspended personnel platforms.
allowed. 12. Know the proper procedures for load control during
6. Understand the proper counterweight configurations the use of handheld tag lines.
and/or central ballast requirements.

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13. Know emergency response procedures—e.g., fire
control, electric power line contact, and control
malfunction.
14. Understand federal, state, and local regulations and
ASME B30.3 regulations pertaining to the operation of
the crane.
15. Know how to review planned crane operations and
requirements with site supervision.
16. Understand tower crane load charts.

DOMAIN 4: TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE

Approximately 15% of test
1. Understand the function, limitations, and
characteristics of the crane.
2. Know the basic maintenance, inspection, and
replacement criteria for tower crane wire ropes.
3. Know basic tower crane nomenclature.
4. Understand basic machine power flow systems—e.g.,
mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, combination.
5. Understand boom, jib, counter jib, and counterweight
configurations.
6. Know the out-of-plumb tolerance for the tower crane
7. Have a basic understanding of metric units and U.S.
customary units.
8. Understand basic safety procedures—e.g., lock out,
tag out, fall protection.

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 Reference List
TOWER CRANE OPERATOR

The following reference materials are used by CCO’s CCO TOWER CRANE REFERENCE $29.50
Examination Committee to verify the accuracy of CCO test MANUAL
questions.
Order by Internet: http://www.nccco.org/store/
Candidates are strongly advised to become familiar with
manufacturers’ load charts in preparing for CCO certifica-
tion examinations. (Prices shown current at press time.) IPT’S CRANE AND RIGGING TRAINING $34.00
MANUAL (2005) + S&H $10.00
ASME, B30.3 (2019) $72.00 Order by Internet: http://www.iptbooks.com/
TOWER CRANES Order by Mail:
And successive addenda
IPT Publishing and Training Ltd.
ASME, B30.29 (2018) $42.00 P.O. Box 9590
SELF-ERECTING TOWER CRANES Edmonton, Alberta, T6E 5X2 Canada
ph: 780-962-4548; fax: 780-962-4819
Order by Internet: https://www.asme.org/
codes-standards/find-codes-standards Payments accepted: VISA, MasterCard, American Express,
check, money order
Order by Mail:
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
BOB’S RIGGING & CRANE HANDBOOK
22 Law Drive, Box 2900
Fairfield, NJ 07007 Desk size: $24.00
ph: 800-843-2763; fax: 201-882-1717 Pocket Size: $13.00
Payments accepted: Check, VISA, MasterCard, American Order by Internet: http://www.donpellow.com/
Express, Discover, Diner’s Club Order by Mail:
Pellow Engineering Services
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 406 West 50th South
ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Kansas City, MO 64112
CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS, PART 1926 ph: 877-473-5569; fax: 816-931-4113
SUBPART CC—CRANES AND DERRICKS IN Payments accepted: VISA, MasterCard, check, money order
CONSTRUCTION; SUBPART R—STEEL ERECTION;
AND PART 1926.251—RIGGING EQUIPMENT
CFR 1926 Subpart CC: https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/
regulations/standardnumber/1926

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 Practical Examination Process
TOWER CRANE OPERATOR

SKILLS TESTED The testing procedure has been developed to provide

The CCO Tower Crane Operator Practical Exam can be the highest degree of standardization and reliability. The
taken on any one of the following types: Proctor’s task is primarily to record the performance of
the candidates. Candidates may lose points either through
• Hammerhead operational errors or exceeding established optimum time
• Luffing jib limits. The scoring of candidates’ performances is done off
• Self-erecting site at CCO’s facilities.

The Practical Examination is comprised of three main PRACTICAL SCORE REPORTING

tasks that increase progressively in the skill level tested.
Skills tested are: trolley travel, hoisting, swinging, and All candidates receive score reports of their performance
combination (multifunction) operations. Crane operation via email. The free myCCO app for Apple and Android
with load and without load is required. devices provides the fastest way to access score reports; get
the app at www.nccco.org/myCCO. Examination results
CCO provides a Test Site Layout (CAD) for the Practical are emailed to candidates approximately 12 business days
Examination for each type of tower crane to ensure the after the receipt of practical examination score sheets by
examination remains standardized for all candidates, CCO.
wherever and whenever they may test.
Please note that while Practical Exam Proctors are
SCHEDULING A TEST encouraged to expedite score sheets after each test admin-
istration, they may batch score sheets from several test
Candidates for the practical examination should contact administrations over a number of days. This means that
their Test Site Coordinator to determine the date of the candidates may receive their score reports from CCO more
next scheduled practical exam. Candidates may also visit than three weeks after their test administration.
the CCO website at www.nccco.org/practicalsites for a
listing of upcoming open test sites. Both the practical examination and the scoring system
have been validated and verified by CCO’s pilot testing
TEST DAY program. A score of 70 represents the minimum passing
Candidates must report to the test site at the scheduled score for the Tower Crane Operator Practical Examination.
time. Candidates must present their Practical Exam PRACTICAL EXAM CANDIDATE FEES
Authorization code either as a printed document or
electronically. For all exam and related fees, visit the Exam Fees page on
CCO’s website at www.nccco.org/fees.
All candidates shall comply with test site requirements
concerning personal protective equipment (PPE), which PRACTICAL EXAM SCORING REVIEW REQUESTS
at a minimum shall meet OSHA requirements. Candidates Candidates not passing the examination(s) may request
must bring valid (not expired) government issued photo from CCO a scoring review of their answer sheets, pro-
identification that includes date of birth to the test site on vided the request is made in writing within three months
the day of the test administration. of the test date. A Score Review Processing Fee will be
Candidates are required to submit a digital passport size invoiced.
head-and-shoulders color photo (without hat or sun-
glasses). Please coordinate with your Test Site Coordinator Score review requests should be emailed to
to either provide one in advance or have the photo taken [email protected].
the day of the exam. In the event that a review of the scoring of a failing can-
didate’s answer sheet results in a passing score, the Score
PRACTICAL SCORING Review Fee will be refunded in full.
Candidate performance on the practical examination is
recorded by an CCO–credentialed Practical Exam Proctor.
Proctor requirements include meeting requirements for
certification, passing the written and practical exams, and
successfully completing a credentialing workshop.

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 Practical Examination Outline
TOWER CRANE OPERATOR

The following is an outline of the practical testing proce- PRE-TEST BRIEFING

dure, as provided to candidates at the time of testing.
While you are waiting to take your test, you will have
CANDIDATE INFORMATION AND INSTRUCTIONS sufficient time to read this description of the tasks to be
performed and review the operator’s manual and load
The following sections describe the specific tasks that you chart for the crane you will operate. In addition, you will
will be performing when taking the practical examination. be informed of the make and model of the crane, the load
It is important that you understand these instructions. If hook height, jib length, and the weight of the test load. You
there is anything you do not understand, please request will also watch a short video showing all the tasks you will
clarification from the Practical Exam Proctor. be required to perform during the examination. This video
is also available on the CCO website and candidates must
TASKS
view it within 24 hours before their practical exam(s).
The Practical Exam tasks are:
Note that:
• Task: Pre-Operational (Shift) Inspection • The crane’s LMI system (if the crane is so equipped)
• Task 1: Place Load Hook and Chain in Stop Circle has been correctly programmed and will not interfere
with the proper operation of the crane.
• Task 2: Place Test Weight in Load Circle
• The crane has been set up and leveled.
• Task 3: Negotiate Zigzag Corridor with Load
• None of the target points have been placed at a radius
• Task 4: Safe Securing Procedures
that exceeds the crane’s rated capacity.
There is also a Pre-Test Briefing, a Pre-Test Familiarization
Period, and a Pre-Task Familiarization Period (prior to CIRCUMVENTING THE COURSE
the Load Circle task) with a load. You will be required to Circumventing the course on CCO Tower Crane Operator
complete all phases of the test in sequence. Practical Exams is defined as when:
The Test Site Coordinator is responsible for setting the 1. Chain leaves the corridor while on or off the ground
testing schedule. If you are familiar with the operation and passes more than one pole left still standing on
of the test crane, you may elect to test first to allow other the original string line before re-entering the corridor;
candidates time to review the operator’s manuals and load you must enter the circles from inside the corridor to
charts. Otherwise, selection shall be by random drawing or avoid this being marked as a deficiency
by assignment of the Test Site Coordinator. 2. Chain leapfrogs from one leg of corridor to another
During the practical examination, you are under the direc- with the chain off the ground, outside the corridor
tion of the Proctor and must follow the Proctor’s directions 3. Chain passes four or more poles consecutively with
at all times. the chain off the ground, inside the corridor
Once you have completed all of the tests you are taking, All points for that task are lost if a circumvention occurs.
you must leave the testing area. Only personnel involved
in the administration of the test are allowed in the test UNSAFE ACT
area. If, at any time during the Pre-Test Familiarization Period
or during the test, you commit an unsafe act, you will be
TIME LIMITS disqualified from continuing with the test. Unsafe acts
An optimum time limit has been set for all tasks and include but are not limited to the following:
is stated as part of the task descriptions. If the task is • Dropping the ball or load hook on ground
completed within this time period, you receive no time
• Two-blocking of the crane
penalty.
• Contacting the crane with the test weight
Once you exceed this time limit, you will lose points on a
• Uncontrolled or reckless operation (must be sufficient
gradual basis. If you take one and a half times as long as
to cause safety concern to personnel or crane)
the optimum time, you will have lost all the points allotted
to that particular task. At two times the optimum time the • Failure to respond to a stop signal
Proctor may end the task and move on to the next task. • Contacting obstruction with crane or test weight
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The Proctor has the authority to stop the test at any time • You have approximately one minute per item.
for reasons of safety. Please ask the Proctor if you have
questions. PRE-TEST FAMILIARIZATION PERIOD
• You will be allowed 15 minutes to familiarize yourself
If you are disqualified due to an unsafe act, you will not be
with the crane and to examine anything on the crane
permitted to test on any crane until the next day.
that you feel is necessary to operate it comfortably.
CANDIDATE ID AND SIGNATURE • You will be allowed to get the feel of the controls and
Prior to beginning the examination, the Proctor will ask run the crane through its functions. The jib length
you for a valid (not expired) government-issued photo has been preset. The brakes and other devices have
identification that includes date of birth, such as a driver’s been set according to the crane manufacturer’s
license. recommendations.
• You may not interfere with the test course, lift the
The Proctor will ask if you have read the Candidate Infor-
test weight, or shadow the Zigzag Corridor and Load
mation and Instructions and will answer any questions
Circle.
you may have. He/she will review with you the weather
conditions and ask you to sign indicating that you under- • You must finish the Pre-test Familiarization Period
stand the instructions for the test and that you agree with with the load hook under control in the Start Circle
the Proctor’s assessment of the weather conditions. within the 15-minute period.
• The Proctor will notify you when there are ten, five,
WEATHER CONDITIONS/EQUIPMENT PROBLEMS and one minute(s) remaining.
The Proctor will use an anemometer to check the wind • If you are ready in less than 15 minutes, you may
speed and then will record the weather conditions on the indicate this to the Proctor.
score sheet.
• If, at the end of the Pre-Test Familiarization Period,
The Proctor has the responsibility to determine if weather you feel you are not ready to take the examination,
conditions or equipment problems are such that a test you should notify the Proctor. You will have, in effect,
needs to be suspended. If the test is interrupted due to disqualified yourself from taking the examination at
weather conditions or equipment problems, the procedure this time, and you will be required to sign to that effect
for restarting is as follows: on the Candidate Score Sheet.
• You will resume the test at the beginning of the task
you were performing at the time of the interruption, TASK 1: PLACE LOAD HOOK AND CHAIN IN STOP
except for Task 3, when you will go back to the CIRCLE
beginning of either Task 3a or 3b, as appropriate. Optimum time: 1½ minutes
• You will be entitled to a Pre-Test or Pre-Task • At the Proctor’s indication to start, at which point
Familiarization Period before resuming the test. timing begins, raise the load hook and chain at
• If testing resumes on a different machine, you must least 10 ft. off the ground to clear all obstacles and
start the test over from the beginning. The first score personnel.
sheet will be marked as “VOID” with an explanation • Bring it from its starting position in the Start Circle to
and returned to CCO. the Stop Circle.
• If the testing is delayed to a different day, the test must • Once the load hook and chain reaches the Stop Circle,
be restarted from the beginning. place it there such that the chain suspended from the
hook makes contact with the ground inside the circle
CRANE WALK AROUND and remains there.
• Before you begin operations, you are allowed a couple
• Once the chain makes contact with the ground inside
of minutes to walk around the crane to ensure proper
the circle, you are not permitted to lift the chain off
setup.
the ground.
TASK: PRE-OPERATIONAL (SHIFT) INSPECTION • The Proctor will give you a stop signal once the load
• The Proctor will identify five items regarding the crane hook and chain are under control.
that are part of the pre-operational inspection. One at • Points will be deducted for the following:
a time, you will describe how you would conduct the a. Dragging or contact of chain outside of the circle
inspection and what deficiencies you would look for.
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 b. Load hook touching ground either inside or signal, this indicates that the weight is not within the
outside of the circle circle and the task continues to be timed.
c. Load hook or chain contacting any part of the • Points will be deducted for the following:
course (e.g., poles) a. Knocking ball off pole
d. Lifting the chain off the ground after it has made b. Knocking pole over
contact with the ground inside the circle
c. Exceeding the optimum time
e. Exceeding the optimum time
d. Hitting any part of the course
PRE-TASK FAMILIARIZATION PERIOD (WITH TASK 3: NEGOTIATE ZIGZAG CORRIDOR WITH
TEST WEIGHT) LOAD
This part of the test is not scored.
Optimum time: 3 minutes each direction
• At the Proctor’s indication, bring the load hook over
This task is divided into two tasks: 3a and 3b. Task 3a
the test weight located in the Test Weight Circle.
requires you to go through the corridor in a forward direc-
• The load will be attached to the crane’s load hook by tion; Task 3b requires you to go through the corridor in a
the Proctor or Assistant Proctor. reverse direction.
• You are allowed to bring the test weight to the • At the Proctor’s direction to start, at which point
designated area where you can get the feel of the load, timing begins, lift the test weight into the air and
test the brake, etc., before beginning the Load Circle swing, trolley, or hoist up or down as you judge
task. necessary to guide the load through the Zigzag
• You may not swing the load outside of the designated Corridor without touching the ground with the test
area or shadow the Zigzag course. weight, raising the test weight so high that the chains
• You will be allowed a maximum of five minutes for leave the ground, or knocking over any part of the PVC
this Pre-Task Familiarization, by the end of which barrier. Points will be deducted for the following:
period you must have placed the test weight on the a. Knocking ball off pole
ground in the Test Weight Circle with the rigging taut. b. Moving pole base off line
• The Proctor will notify you when there is one minute c. Knocking pole over
remaining. d. Chain leaving ground
e. Passing poles with chain off ground
TASK 2: PLACE TEST WEIGHT IN LOAD CIRCLE
f. Load touching ground
Optimum time: 3½ minutes
g. Circumventing the task
• At the Proctor’s indication to start, bring the test
weight from the Test Weight Circle to the Load Circle. h. Exceeding the optimum time

• Swing, trolley, or hoist as necessary to place the test • Timing stops when you have placed the test weight
weight on the ground completely within the Load on the ground in the Stop Circle and the Proctor
Circle. has given you a stop signal. The task is not complete
until the load is placed completely within the outside
• The Proctor will then give the hoist and swing signal, perimeter of the circle and the Proctor has given you
and this will indicate that you should then hoist and a stop signal. If the Proctor does not give you a stop
swing to place the test weight on the ground in the signal, this indicates the weight is not within the
Start Circle. circle, and the task continues to be timed.
• Do not let any part of the test weight make contact • The Proctor will then detach the test weight from the
with the PVC barriers that surround the Load and load hook.
Start Circles.
• At the Proctor’s direction, swing the load hook to the
• Timing ends when you have placed the test weight on Start Circle and allow the Proctor to attach the chain
the ground in the Start Circle. The task is not complete in readiness for the next candidate. Remain in the cab
until the load is placed completely within the outside or at the operator’s station until the Proctor gives you
perimeter of the circle and the Proctor has given you a clear indication that you may leave. Set the swing
a stop signal. If the Proctor has not given you a stop brake and lock before leaving.
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TASK 4: SAFE SECURING PROCEDURES
• Describe the procedures you would follow to secure
the crane at the end of the work day.

POST-TEST PROCEDURES
Once you have completed the Practical Examination:
• The Proctor will record your performance.
• The Proctor is not permitted to review your score
sheet or discuss your performance on the test.
• Exam results will be mailed to you within
approximately twelve working days of CCO’s receipt of
the score sheet.
• If you have made formal application to test on other
cranes, return to the candidate briefing area.
• If you have completed all of your tests, you must leave
the test site.

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 NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE
CERTIFICATION OF CRANE OPERATORS
2750 Prosperity Avenue, Suite 505
Fairfax, VA 22031-4312

Phone: 703-560-2391
[email protected]
www.nccco.org