LHADY MIXKEEN M.

BANOEY

Factors, Multiples, and

Differentiating
Prime and Composite
Numbers
Learner's Module in Mathematics 4
Quarter 2 ● Module 1

BELLA A. SALINGBAY
Developer
Learning Competency/Code : Identifies factors of a given number up to 100
M4NS-IIa-64

: Identifies the multiples of the given

numbers up to 100
M4NS-IIa 65

: Differentiate prime from composite numbers

M4NS-IIa-6
Let’s Start!
Factoring is a useful skill in real life. Common application includes dividing something into
equal parts. In the same manner that prime, composite and multiple numbers can influence a
decision related to performance, investments and effectiveness among other things. Let us
understand more about multiples, factors, prime and composite numbers.

A. The multiples of a whole number are found by taking the product of any counting

number and that whole number.

For example, find the multiples of 3, multiply 3 by 1, 3 by 2, 3 by 3, and so on.

3 = 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33……

These numbers are the multiples of the number 3.

B. The factors are the numbers that we multiply to get the product.
For example, 24. Find two more numbers that multiply to make 24,
1 x 24 = 24
2 x 12 = 24
3 x 8 = 24
4 x 6 = 24.
 This means that the factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24.

C. To determine if a number is prime or composite, find all factors of

the number. If the number has only two factors, 1 and itself, then it is prime. If the
number has more than two factors, then it is composite.

 Prime numbers = are numbers that have exactly two factors, one and itself.
For example,
 2 = 1 x 2 it has only two factors 1 and itself, so number 2 is a prime number.

 Composite numbers = are numbers that have more than two factors.
For example,
 12 = 1 x 12
=2x6
= 3 x 4 it has six more than three factors which are 1,2,3,4,6 and 12, thus
number 12 is a composite number.
 The number 1 is a special number because it is neither a prime number nor a
composite number.

Let us see this map.

This is the map of Mountain Province. It has 10 municipalities and each municipality has a
total number of barangays.

1
 98
88
168
148
168
198

118

198 158
149= total number of
Barangays in Mountain Province

228
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Let us identify the factors of each number of Barangays in each municipality and
differentiate if it’s a prime or composite number.
You will learn more on how to differentiate prime from composite numbers and identifying
factors and multiples of numbers up to 100 as you go on with this module.
Lola Cornita asks Rosibhel to write the total number and all the number of Barangays in
each municipality of Mountain Province, identify its factors and multiples and differentiate the
prime numbers and composite numbers based on the total number of barangays in each
municipality?

Study this table.

Mountain Total Multiplica Factors Prime/ Multiples
Province Numbe tion Composite
Municipalit r of number
ies Barang sentences
ay
= 1 x 16 = 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16
Bontoc 16 =2x8 Composite 16= 16, 32,48,64,80,96…
=4x4

Sagada
19 = 1 x 19 = 1 and 19 Prime 19 = 19,38,57,76,95,114
Tadian
 8 =1x8 = 1, 2, 4 and 8
Sadanga =2x4 Composite 8= 8,16,24,32,40,48,56 …

Besao 14 = 1 x 14 = 1, 2, 7 and 14
=2x7 Composite 14 = 14, 28, 42, 56, 70….

Natonin
11 = 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66
11 = 1 x 11 = 1, and 11 Prime
Barlig

Paracelis 9 =1x9 = 1, 3 and 9

=3x3 Composite 9 = 9,18,27,36, 45, 54, 63.

Sabangan 15 = 1x 15 = 1, 3, 5 and 15
=3x5 Composite 15= 15,30,45,60,75,90 ….

Bauko 22 = 1 x 22 = 1, 2, 11, and 22 Composite 22 = 22,44,66,88,110,132.

= 2 x 11

Total
number of 149 =1 x 149 = 1 and 149 Prime 149= 149, 298, 447, 596..
barangays

 Notice that numbers 16, 8 14, 9, 15 and 22 have more than two factors each so they are
called composite numbers.

 Notice also that 19 and 11 have only two factors each so they are called prime numbers
 Therefore, the prime numbers from the total number of barangays in each
municipality of Mountain province are 19, 11 and 149 and composite numbers are
16, 8 14, 9, 15 and 22.

 Multiples of the total number of each barangay were also shown in the table.

Let us have another example.

Mona is from Baguio City and she sells strawberries in packs. Each pack may contain 5 or
12 strawberries. What are the factors and multiples of 12 and 5? Which number is a prime and a
composite?
 She arranges the pack of 12 strawberries in three different ways.

1.) 1 x 12 = 12

2.) 2 x 6 = 12

3.) 3 x 4 = 12
  But, for the pack with 5 strawberries, she can only arrange it in one way.

1.) 1 x 5 = 5
The only factors of 5 are 1 and 5. Thus, 5 is a prime number. Meanwhile, the factors of 12 are
1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12. So, 12 is a composite number.
In the same manner that the multiples of 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and so on… while the
multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36, 48, 60,72 and so on….

Performance
Direction: Now you are ready to apply the concepts you have learned in this module by answering
each question.

A. Anwer the questions with YES or NO in the blank.

YES 1. Is it true that the complete set of factors of 21 are 1,3, 7 and 21?
YES 2. Is 5 a factor of 35?
NO 3. Is 8 a factor of 50?
NO 4. Is 96 the seventh multiple of 8?
YES 5. Is 39 and 45 are multiples of 3?

B. Put a check (√ ) in the box if the statement is correct an a cross ( X ) if it is incorrect.

1. The sum of 12 and 22 is a composite number. X

2. The prime number nearest to 60 is 67. XX

3. There are five composite numbers between 10 and 20. X

4. The sum of the two pairs of number 32 and 7, and 57 and 16 are prime numbers. √ √

5. The difference between the numbers 68 and 60 is a composite number. √

Post Assessment (Written Work)

Let us determine how much you already know about differentiating the prime number from
composite number ad finding the factors of a given number. Read and analyze each statement
carefully. Choose the correct answer and write your answer on your answer sheet.

1.) Which among the following has the answer of a composite number?
a. 17 x 1 b. 98 - 5 c. 150 ÷10 d. 65 + 36

2.) What is the sum of the five consecutive multiples of 150?

a. 350 b. 650 c. 550 d. 750
3.) Teacher Blake asks his pupils Duya and Butan to answer what he wrote in the board:
Find the estimated product of 32 and 11 and differentiate whether it is a prime or composite
number.
a. Duya’s answer is 300 and it is a composite number.
b. Butan’s answer is 300 and it is a prime number.
c. Blake’s answer is 250 and it is a composite number.
d. None of the above

4.) I am a two-digit number. My ones digit is the difference of 8 and 6. My tens digit is the sum
of 3 and 5. What number am I? Am I a prime or composite number?
a. 82, composite number c. 85, prime number
b. 90, composite number d. 87, prime number

5.) What are the factors of 60?

a. 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12,15,20,30,60 c. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,12,15,30
b. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,12,18,20,30,60 d. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,15,20,60

6.) What are the multiples of the sum of 4 and 6?

a.5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50 c. 10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80
b. 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22 d. 20,40,60,80,100,120,140

7.) Which is correct among the following statement?

a. 1,2,3,4 and 7 are the factors of 20
b. The complete factors of 20 are 1,5,10 and 20
c. The complete factors of 20 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10 and 20
d. None of the above

8.) Lily has 26 pencils and her classmates gave her another 22 pencils. How many pencils
does she have in all? Write the factors of your answer and multiples of your answer.
Answer:48
Factors:1,2,3,4,6,12,24,48
Multiples:48,96,144,192….

9.)I am thinking of a two-digit number. The digit in the ones place is the total letters in the word
TEACHER and the digit in the tens place is the total letters in the word PUPILS. What is my
number? Is my number prime or composite?
a. 67-prime number c. 76-composite number
b. 74-prime number d. 73- composite number

10.)The 3-digit number 1__8 is a multiple of 56.

What is the missing digit? 4