Tutorial Questions 3

ANU, EMET7001, Semester-1 2023

Dr Reza Hajargasht
Question-1:

n
(a) We need to show that   0, n, N  N such that for any n  N −0 
n +1
2

n 1 1 1 n 1 1
since  for any n  0  If n  N      2 −0   
n +1 n
2
 N n +1 n N

2n
(b) We need to show that   0, n, N  N such that for any n  N  −2 
n +1

2n −2 2 2 2 2 2n 2 2
Note that −2 = =   If n  N      −2   
n +1 n +1 n +1 n  N n +1 n N

Question-2:
Prove that a convergent sequence has a unique limit.
Suppose that is not the case and there are two limits of L1 and L2 that sequence {an} converges
to then by definition
  0, n, N1  N such that for any n  N1  an − L1   2
  0, n, N 2  N such that for any n  N 2  an − L2   2

We can write
  0, n, N = Max{N1 , N 2 }  N such that for any n  N  an − L1 + an − L2  
Triangle inequality  L2 − L1  an − L1 + an − L2    L2 = L1

Question-3:
Give an example of two divergent sequences {xn} and {Yn} such that:
(a) their sum {xn} + {Yn} converges, (b) their product {xn} ×{Yn} converges.

(a) There are many examples e.g.

 {an } = {1, −1,1, −1,......} obviously not convergent
{bn } = {−1,1, −1,1,.......} obviously not convergent
{an + bn } = {0, 0, 0,......} obviously convergent

(b) There are many examples e.g.

{an } = {1, −1,1, −1,......} obviously not convergent
{bn } = {2, −2, 2, −2,.......} obviously not convergent
{anbn } = {2, 2, 2,......} obviously convergent

Question-4:

a n +1 + b n +1 (a n +1 + b n +1 ) / b n +1
= n +1
dividing numerator and deminator by b n +1
a +b
n n
(a + b ) / b
n n

a n +1 b n +1 + b n +1 b n +1 0 +1
= n +1 n +1
→ =b since a n b n → 0 if a  b
a b +b b
n n
0 +1 b

Question-5:
Use the precise definition of the limit to prove

2x + 3
We need to show   0,   0 such that if x − 3    −3  
4x − 9

2 x + 3 − 12 x + 27 −10 x + 30
=  x − 3   4 x − 9 10
4x − 9 4x − 9
Let's restrict | x − 3 | 1 2  −1 2  x − 3  1 2  −2  4 x − 12  2  1  4 x − 12  5 | 4 x − 9 | 5
2x + 3
 x − 3   2  if  = min{1,  2}  − 3    3 is the limit
4x − 9
4x +1
b) lim x→ =2
2x +1
4x +1
  0, N  0 such that if x  N  0  −2 
2x +1
4x +1− 4x − 2 −1 1 1− 
= =   x
2x +1 2x +1 2x +1 2
|1 −  | 4x +1
Let N = then if x  N  0  −2 
2 2x +1
 4x +1
© lim x→−1+ = −
x +1
4x +1 3
M  0,  >0 , 0  x + 1     M  x +1 
x +1 4−M
3 4x +1
Let  =   M  lim x→−1+ f ( x) = −
4−M x +1

Question-6:
Find the following limits:
3x 2 − 2 x + 5 (3x 2 − 2 x + 5) x3 3x 2 x3 − 2 x x3 + 5 x3
lim x→ = lim x → = lim x →
6 x3 + 3x − 4 (6 x3 + 3x − 4) x3 6 x3 x3 + 3x x3 − 4 x3
a)
lim x→ 3x 2 x3 − lim x→ 2 x x3 + lim x→ 5 x3 0 − 0 + 0
= = =0
lim x→ 6 x3 x3 + lim x→ 3x x3 − lim x→ 4 x3 6 + 0 − 0

3x 2 − 2 x + 5 (3x 2 − 2 x + 5) x 2 3 − 2 / x + 5 x2 3 3
b) lim x→− = lim x→− = lim x→− = =−
3x − 4 (3x − 4) (− x) −3 + 4 x −3 3
Question-7:
Using delta-epsilon definition to prove that f(x)=ln(x) is continuous at any point in its domain.
We need to prove   0,   0 such that if x − a    ln( x) − ln( a)  

Starting with ln( x) − ln(a)   we have

x x
−  ln      e−   e  a(e− − 1)  x − a  a (e − 1)
a a
It can be shown that Max{a (e − 1),| a (e − − 1) |} = a (e − 1) | x − a | a (e − 1)
Now letting  =a(e − 1)  ln( x) − ln(a)  

Question-8: Find the discontinuity points of

 x +1
 if x  2
f ( x) =  x 2 − 1
1 if x = 2
Suspected points are x = 2 and {x | x 2 − 1 = 0}
3
For x = 2  lim x→2 f ( x) = = 1 = f (2)  2 is not a discontinuity point
3
x − 1 = 0  x = 1, x = −1 since the function does not exists in this points 1 and − 1 are discontinuity points
2