Activity Name Section

Quarter THIRD Grade Level 10

SCIENCE Teacher BERNADETTE V. PANGILINAN Teaching Face to Face
Modality
Teaching Time No of Days/Week 4 days/ week 1
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate the understanding feedback mechanisms, which are coordinated by the
nervous system and endocrine system.
Most Essential Learning Competencies:
Explain the Role of Hormones involved in the female and male reproductive system. (S10LT-IIIb-34)
Topic: Role of Hormones involved in the female and male reproductive system (Sup. Act. 1)

Direction: Read carefully the procedure in different learning tasks, write your answer on the activity sheets.
*Basahing Mabuti ang ipinagagawa sa bawat learning task, isulat ang sagot sa sagutang papel.

Learning Task 1: “Endocrine Glands and their Hormones”

On the first column is a statement describing an involvement of a particular gland in the endocrine
system, Write down the name of the endocrine gland that will respond on column B and explain its
effect according to function on column C. The firs one is done for you.

Situation Gland Function

A man performing work out Thyroid Gland Regulates the metabolism of
the body
A pregnant Woman
A boy running away from
danger
A kid growing faster
A sick person
A girl eating sweets

Question:
1. Which gland of the endocrine and nervous system controls the other glands in the body?
2. If a person’s blood sugar level becomes unstable, what glands might be involved in the
problem?

Learning Task 2: “The Human Reproductive System”

Label the diagram and the table below by writing the parts of the Female and Male reproductive system.
A. The Female Reproductive System

Part Function
B. The Male Reproductive System 1. produces egg cells
2. serves as passageway
Part Function of eggs from the ovary
1 Produces to the
sperm cells uterus; site of egg
2 Sac of skin that fertilization
holds the testis 3. serves as site of egg
3 Deposits implantation; is where
sperms into the
the vagina fertilized egg develops
during mating 4. receives the penis of
4 Carries sperm male during mating
from testes to
urethra
5 Carries sperm
and urine out
of the body
 Learning Task 3. “Hormones Secreted by Male and Female Reproductive System”
Complete the Table to show the difference between Male and Female Reproductive System
by placing the hormones released and its function to the proper column. Use the words on
the box to complete the table.

testes estrogen deepening of voice

testosterone progesterone growth of hair
development of breast prepares the endometrium ovary

Types Gonads Hormones Effects

Male 1 1
2 2
Female 1 1
2 2
Question:
1. Are there any secondary sex characteristics that occur to both male and female?

2. Why is it that male develops more muscle mass compared to female?

3. What do you think is the reason why female has wider pelvic or hip compared to
male?

Learning Task 4. “Connect Me Now”

Study the figure below, then complete the statement on the left side of the figure.

Hypothalamus produce _______________which

stimulates ___________________ to secrete
___________ and ____________. During puberty,
These two hormones stimulate the ________ of
male to produce ____________ and sperm cells
while in female the ____________ produces egg
cells and two hormones such as ______________
and _____________ responsible for secondary sex
characteristics and maintaining normal menstrual
cycle.
The anterior pituitary gland secretes two hormones:
_______________during childbirth and _________
after childbirth.
 Reading Material Science 10

The Human Endocrine System

How will you know one is a male and the other is female? What makes a man feel and look
like a man? At what particular age that you noticed some changes happening in your body like the
growth of hair, and specifically your reproductive organs?

What is endocrine system and how does it works?

To start with, it is important to distinguish between two glands of the body: the endocrine
and exocrine. Endocrine gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream exerting their actions on
tissues remote from the site of action while exocrine gland secretes substances through a duct
opening in a gland onto an external or internal body surface like the salivary and sweat glands which
act on local tissues near the duct openings.
The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and release hormones that help
control many important body functions. Figure 1 shows the location of major endocrine glands for
male and female respectively.

The endocrine system is

composed of glands that secrete
different types of hormones that affect
almost every cell, organ, and function
of our body. It is essential in regulating
growth and development, metabolism,
as well as reproductive processes and
mood. How does your endocrine
system function? Endocrine glands
secrete chemicals known as hormones
into the bloodstream, which carries
them throughout the body. When a
hormone in the blood reaches the
target organ, it produces a notable
effect. The endocrine system sends
signals all over the body, much like the
nervous system, but unlike the instant
responses activated by the nervous
system, the effects can take a few
hours or even weeks.

Fig . 1 Major Endocrine Glands

What are some disorders of the endocrine system?

Sometimes the endocrine system cannot function well leading to the following disorders:
• Goiter – hyposecretion of thyroxin; insufficient iodine
• Cretinism- Results from thyroid hormone insufficiency in infancy
• Diabetes mellitus -A disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from
insufficient insulin production by the pancreas
• Dwarfism – results from hyposecretion (low) of growth hormones
• Gigantism- excessive growth of bones caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone
 Gland Hormones Function Function
Location Released
Pituitary at the base Vasopressin, stimulates growth, and controls the
of the brain Growth Hormone, functions of other glands
Adrenocorticotropic
Hormone(ACTH),
Prolactin,
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Follicle Stimulating
Hormone(FSH)
Thyroid below the Thyroxin, Calcitonin regulates body metabolism, and
voice box causes storage of calcium in bones
Parathyroid in the neck Parathormone controls the calcium levels in your
body, and normalizes bone growth
Thymus in front of the Thymosin enables the body to produce certain
heart antibodies
Adrenal on top of the Adrenaline prepares the body for action,
kidneys controls the heart rate and breathing
in times of emergency
Pancreas between the Insulin, Glucagon regulates blood sugar levels
kidneys
Reproductive
(Gonads)
Testes lower Androgen, control maturation and male
(Male) abdomen Testosterone characteristics

Ovary lower Estrogen, influence female traits, and support

(Female) abdomen Progesterone reproductive function

What is the role of hormones in human reproductive system?

The human male and female reproductive cycles are controlled by the interaction of
hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary with hormones from reproductive tissues
and organs (testes and ovary). The hypothalamus monitors the need for follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) made and released from anterior pituitary.

The role of hormones in male reproductive system

In male, LH is transported in the blood stream to the testes, where it stimulates/activates
Leydig cells to produce testosterone. Both androgens and FSH act on receptors within the supporting
somatic cells, the Sertoli cells, to stimulate various functions needed for optimal sperm production.
Spermatogenesis takes place within the seminiferous tubules of the testis. The number of Sertoli
cells determines the ultimate spermatogenic output of the testes. In humans, Sertoli cells
proliferate(increase in number) during the fetal and early neonatal period and again prior to
puberty. At puberty, Sertoli cells cease proliferation and attain a mature, terminally differentiated
phenotype that is able to support spermatogenesis. Disturbances to Sertoli cell proliferation during
these times can result in smaller testes with lower sperm production.

The Role of hormones in female reproductive system

In female, FSH stimulates development of egg cell in the follicles of ovary. LH plays a role in
development of egg cell and induction of ovulation, and stimulation of estradiol and progesterone
production by corpus luteum of ovary. Estradiol, a natural estrogen is responsible for secondary sex
characteristics while both estradiol and progesterone regulates menstrual cycle. The anterior
pituitary gland also produces Prolactin which stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk after
childbirth. Prolactin levels are regulated by hypothalamus through prolactin releasing hormone and
prolactin inhibiting hormone. Also the posterior pituitary gland produces Oxytocin which stimulates
uterine contraction during childbirth.
The Human Reproductive System

Humans being the highest form of life have many body systems, one of them is the reproductive
system that is involved in the production of offspring. While both males and females are responsible
for the continuation of human life, it is the female body which nurtures the offspring from
conception up to birth. Likewise, organ systems of the body have small differences between a male
and a female, there is prominent difference between the male and female reproductive system. Let
us learn first about the Female Reproductive System. Take a look at the diagram of the female
reproductive system below.

Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive organs are the ovaries, fallopian tubes or oviduct, uterus, cervix and vagina.

Parts and Function

Ovaries
There are two ovaries (sing. ovary) suspended in the pelvic cavity by a ligament, each about the size
of an almond seed. Each ovary contains ovarian follicles, which contain oocytes (egg cells), the
female reproductive cell.

Fallopian Tubes
Also called oviduct or uterine tubes, fallopian tubes extend from the area of the ovaries to the
uterus. Long, thin structures called fimbriae surround the opening of each tube. Fertilization, the
union of egg and sperm cell forming zygote or fertilized egg occurs in the part of this tube near the
ovary.

Uterus
The uterus also called womb is as big as a medium-sized pear. It is where the zygote is implanted
where it develops and grows into fetus. The part of the uterus above the entrance of the uterine
tubes is called the fundus. The main part is called the body, and the narrower part is the cervix.
Internally, the uterine cavity continues through the cervix as the cervical canal, which opens into
vagina.

Vagina
It is the female organ for copulation as well as the passage for menstrual flow and childbirth. It
extends from the uterus to the outside of the body.
Male Reproductive System

Parts and Function

Scrotum
A sac that holds the testes. Externally, the scrotum is made up of skin. Under the skin are a loose of
connective tissue and a layer of smooth muscle called, dartos.

Testes
The testes (sing. testis) are oval organs within the scrotum, each about 4 to 5 cm long. Each testis is
composed of cone-shaped lobules that contain seminiferous tubules. Seminiferous tubules are highly
coiled tubes which are about 125 meters tightly packed in a wedge-shaped lobe in each testis, where
spermatocytes or sperm cells (male reproductive cell) develop.

Epididymis
When sperms move out of the testis, they enter a tightly coiled series of threadlike tubules that form
a comma-shaped, epididymis. Sperms are not fully developed at this time, but secretions from the
duct walls help them mature.

Vas Deferens
When sperm cells are about to leave a male’s body, they pass through a thick-walled tube called the
vas deferens in which wall is composed of smooth muscles.

Ejaculatory Duct
It extends to the prostate gland and ends by joining the urethra within the prostate gland. It delivers
the sperm into the urethra.

Urethra
It carries the sperm out of the body.

Penis
The male organ for copulation that transfers the sperm cells to the vagina of the female. It is
composed of erectile tissues. The enlargement of these tissues with blood causes the penis to
enlarge and become firm in a process called erection.

Glands
There are three kinds of glands which secrete fluids that constitute the bulk of semen, the liquid
that facilitates the travel of the sperm until they reach the egg inside the female body. These are:
two seminal vesicles, one prostate gland and the two bulbourethral glands also called Cowper’s
Gland.