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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 1328-1

Second edition
2013-09-01

Cylindrical gears — ISO system of

flank tolerance classification —
Part 1:
Definitions and allowable values of
deviations relevant to flanks of gear
teeth
Engrenages cylindriques — Système ISO de classification des
tolérances sur flancs —
Partie 1: Définitions et valeurs admissibles des écarts pour les flancs
de la denture

Reference number
ISO 1328-1:2013(E)

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ISO 1328-1:2013(E)


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© ISO 2013
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ISO 1328-1:2013(E)


Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
3 Terms, definitions and symbols............................................................................................................................................................. 2
3.1 Fundamental terms and symbols............................................................................................................................................. 2
3.2 General dimensions............................................................................................................................................................................. 6
3.3 Pitch deviations....................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.4 Profile deviations................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
3.5 Helix deviations.................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
4 Application of the ISO flank tolerance classification system................................................................................17
4.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.2 Geometrical parameters to be verified............................................................................................................................ 17
4.3 Equipment verification and uncertainty........................................................................................................................ 19
4.4 Considerations for elemental measurements............................................................................................................ 19
4.5 Specification of gear flank tolerance requirements.............................................................................................. 24
4.6 Acceptance and evaluation criteria..................................................................................................................................... 25
4.7 Presentation of data......................................................................................................................................................................... 25
5 Tolerance values.................................................................................................................................................................................................25
5.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
5.2 Use of formulae..................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
5.3 Tolerance formulae........................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Annex A (normative) Zone-based tolerance evaluation.................................................................................................................28
Annex B (normative) Evaluation of profile and helix deviations using the second order
analysis method...................................................................................................................................................................................................32
Annex C (informative) Profile and helix data filtering.....................................................................................................................35
Annex D (informative) Sector pitch deviation..........................................................................................................................................37
Annex E (normative) Allowable values of runout.................................................................................................................................40
Annex F (informative) Single flank composite testing.....................................................................................................................43
Annex G (informative) Adjacent pitch difference, fu...........................................................................................................................48
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 50

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ISO 1328-1:2013(E)


Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 1328-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 60, Gears.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 1328-1:1995), which has been technically
revised. In particular, the following are the major changes:
— the scope of applicability has been expanded;
— revisions have been made to the formulae which define the flank tolerances;
— annexes have been added to describe additional methods for analysis of modified profiles and helices;
— the evaluation of runout, previously handled in ISO 1328-2, has been brought back into this part of
ISO 1328.
ISO 1328 consists of the following parts, under the general title Cylindrical gears — ISO system of flank
tolerance classification:
— Part 1: Definitions and allowable values of deviations relevant to flanks of gear teeth
— Part  2: Definitions and allowable values of deviations relevant to radial composite deviations and
runout information1)

1) It is intended that, upon revision, the main element of the title of Part 2 will be aligned with the main element
of the title of Part 1.

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ISO 1328-1:2013(E)


Introduction
ISO  1328:1975 (third edition, withdrawn) included definitions and allowable values of gear element
deviations, along with advice on appropriate inspection methods.
The first edition of this part of ISO 1328 retained the definitions and allowable values for gear flank
deviations (single pitch, cumulative pitch, total cumulative pitch, total profile and total helix), while the
advice on appropriate inspection methods was given in ISO/TR 10064-1 (listed in Clause 2).

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1328-1:2013(E)

Cylindrical gears — ISO system of flank tolerance

classification —
Part 1:
Definitions and allowable values of deviations relevant to
flanks of gear teeth
IMPORTANT — It is strongly recommended that any user of this part of ISO 1328 be very familiar
with the methods and procedures outlined in ISO/TR 10064-1. Use of techniques other than those
of ISO/TR 10064-1 combined with the limits described in this part of ISO 1328 might not be suitable.
CAUTION — The use of the flank tolerance classes for the determination of gear performance
requires extensive experience with specific applications. Users of this part of ISO  1328 are
cautioned against the direct application of tolerance values for unassembled (loose) gears to a
projected performance of an assembly using these gears.

1 Scope
This part of ISO  1328 establishes a tolerance classification system relevant to manufacturing and
conformity assessment of tooth flanks of individual cylindrical involute gears. It specifies definitions
for gear flank tolerance terms, the structure of the flank tolerance class system, and allowable values.
This part of ISO 1328 provides the gear manufacturer and the gear buyer with a mutually advantageous
reference for uniform tolerances. Eleven flank tolerance classes are defined, numbered 1 to 11, in order
of increasing tolerance. Formulae for tolerances are provided in 5.3. These tolerances are applicable to
the following ranges:
5 ≤ z ≤ 1 000

5 mm ≤ d ≤ 15 000 mm

0,5 mm ≤ mn ≤ 70 mm

4 mm ≤ b ≤ 1 200 mm

β ≤ 45°

where
d is the reference diameter;

mn is the normal module;

b is the facewidth (axial);

z is the number of teeth;

β is the helix angle.

See Clause 4 for required and optional measuring methods.

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ISO 1328-1:2013(E)


Gear design is beyond the scope of this part of ISO 1328.

Surface texture is not considered in this part of ISO 1328. For additional information on surface texture,
see ISO/TR 10064-4.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable to its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 701, International gear notation — Symbols for geometrical data
ISO 1122-1, Vocabulary of gear terms — Part 1: Definitions related to geometry
ISO  1328-2, Cylindrical gears  — ISO system of accuracy  — Part  2: Definitions and allowable values of
deviations relevant to radial composite deviations and runout information
ISO/TR 10064-1, Code of inspection practice — Part 1: Inspection of corresponding flanks of gear teeth
ISO/TS 16610-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Filtration — Part 1: Overview and basic concepts
ISO  16610-21, Geometrical product specifications (GPS)  — Filtration  — Part  21: Linear profile filters:
Gaussian filters
ISO 21771, Gears — Cylindrical involute gears and gear pairs — Concepts and geometry

3 Terms, definitions and symbols

3.1 Fundamental terms and symbols

For the purposes of this part of ISO 1328, the following terms, definitions and symbols apply.
NOTE 1 For other definitions of geometric terms related to gearing, see ISO 701, ISO 1122-1 and ISO 21771.

NOTE 2 Some of the symbols and terminology contained in this part of ISO 1328 might differ from those used
in other documents and International Standards.

NOTE 3 The terminology and symbols used in this part of ISO 1328 are listed, in alphabetical order, by term
in Table 1, and in alphabetical order, by symbol in Table 2. The text of terms used in Table 1 has been adjusted to
form groups of logical terms. Subscript “T” is used for tolerance values.

Table 1 — Terms, listed in alphabetical order, with symbols

Term Symbol Unit

Active tip diameter dNa mm
Active tip diameter point on line of action Na –
Adjacent pitch difference fu μm
Adjacent pitch difference tolerance fuT μm
Adjacent pitch difference, individual fui μm
Amount of root relief Cαf μm
Amount of tip relief Cαa μm
Base diameter db mm
Contact pattern evaluation cp –
Contact point tangent at base circle T –

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ISO 1328-1:2013(E)


Table 1 (continued)
Term Symbol Unit
Cumulative pitch deviation (index deviation), individual Fpi μm
Cumulative pitch deviation (index deviation), total Fp μm
Cumulative pitch (index) tolerance, total FpT μm
Facewidth (axial) b mm
Flank tolerance class A –
Helix angle β deg
Helix deviation, total Fβ μm
Helix evaluation length Lβ mm
Helix form deviation ffβ μm
Helix form filter cutoff λβ mm
Helix form tolerance ffβT μm
Helix slope deviation fHβ μm
Helix slope tolerance fHβT μm
Helix tolerance, total FβT μm
Individual radial measurement ri μm
Length of path of contact gα mm
Maximum length of tip relief LCαa,max mm
Maximum length of root relief LCαf,max mm
Measurement diameter dM mm
Middle profile zone Lαm –
Minimum length of tip relief LCαa,min mm
Minimum length of root relief LCαf,min mm
Normal module mn mm
Number of teeth z –
Number of pitches in a sector k –
Pitch, transverse circular on measurement diameter ptM mm
Pitch point C –
Pitch span deviation FpSk μm
Profile control diameter dCf mm
Profile deviation, total Fα μm
Profile evaluation length Lα mm
Profile form deviation ffα μm
Profile form filter cutoff λα mm
Profile form tolerance ffαT μm
Profile slope deviation fHα μm
Profile slope tolerance fHαT μm
Profile tolerance, total FαT μm
Radial composite deviation, tooth-to-tootha f i” μm
Radial composite deviation, totala F i” μm

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ISO 1328-1:2013(E)


Table 1 (continued)
Term Symbol Unit
Reference diameter d mm
Root form diameter dFf mm
Root relief zone LCαf –
Runout Fr μm
Sector pitch deviation Fpk μm
Sector pitch tolerance FpkT μm
Single flank composite deviation, total Fis μm
Single flank composite tolerance, total FisT μm
Single flank composite deviation, tooth-to-tooth f is μm
Single flank composite tolerance, tooth-to-tooth f isT μm
Single pitch deviation fp μm
Single pitch deviation (individual) fpi μm
Single pitch tolerance fpT μm
Start of active profile diameter dNf mm
Start of active profile point on line of action Nf –
Tip corner chamfer hk mm
Tip diameter da mm
Tip form diameter dFa mm
Tip relief zone LCαa –
Tooth thickness s mm
Working pitch diameter dw mm
Working transverse pressure angle αwt deg
a   Symbols given in ISO 1328-2.

Table 2 — Symbols, listed in alphabetical order, with terms

Symbol Term Unit

A Flank tolerance class –
b Facewidth (axial) mm
C Pitch point –
Cαa Amount of tip relief μm
Cαf Amount of root relief μm
cp Contact pattern evaluation –
d Reference diameter mm
da Tip diameter mm
db Base diameter mm
dCf Profile control diameter mm
dFa Tip form diameter mm
dFf Root form diameter mm
dM Measurement diameter mm

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ISO 1328-1:2013(E)


Table 2 (continued)
Symbol Term Unit
dNa Active tip diameter mm
dNf Start of active profile diameter mm
dw Working pitch diameter mm
F i” Radial composite deviation, totala μm
Fis Single flank composite deviation, total μm
FisT Single flank composite tolerance, total μm
Fp Cumulative pitch deviation (index deviation), total μm
Fpi Cumulative pitch deviation (index deviation), individual μm
Fpk Sector pitch deviation μm
FpkT Sector pitch tolerance μm
FpT Cumulative pitch (index) tolerance, total μm
FpSk Pitch span deviation μm
Fr Runout μm
Fα Profile deviation, total μm
FαT Profile tolerance, total μm
Fβ Helix deviation, total μm
FβT Helix tolerance, total μm
ffα Profile form deviation μm
ffαT Profile form tolerance μm
ffβ Helix form deviation μm
ffβT Helix form tolerance μm
fHα Profile slope deviation μm
fHαT Profile slope tolerance μm
fHβ Helix slope deviation μm
fHβT Helix slope tolerance μm
f i” Radial composite deviation, tooth-to-tootha μm
f is Single flank composite deviation, tooth-to-tooth μm
f isT Single flank composite tolerance, tooth-to-tooth μm
fp Single pitch deviation μm
fpi Single pitch deviation (individual) μm
fpT Single pitch tolerance μm
fu Adjacent pitch difference μm
fui Adjacent pitch difference, individual μm
fuT Adjacent pitch difference tolerance μm
gα Length of path of contact mm
hk Tip corner chamfer mm
k Number of pitches in a sector –
Lαm Middle profile zone –
LCαa Tip relief zone –

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