University of Wollongong, Northfield Ave

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences

School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering

Subject Code: Engg 955

Assessment-2

Introduction

Submitted by: Sagar Pandey Student ID: 7449501

 Mind Map Extraction
Level 1) Which paper provides the best definition of your topic? Provide
the paper reference and write the definition in your own words.
Water quality monitoring in coastal reservoir helps to identify the potential issues that might occur in
future such as waterborne disease, salinity, microbial growth, nutrients levels, turbidity etc and it
helps to identify the possible solution for water quality management in coastal reservoir. With the
combination of proximal sensing system with the machine algorithm, the accuracy of the
measurement for the water quality parameters such as total phosphate and chemical oxygen demand
could be achieved by 90%. Due to high proximal resolution, the sensor could be used for continuous
water quality monitoring (Sun et al.,2022). Furthermore, the microbial fuel cell can be integrated with
the artificial neural networks to identify the potential chemicals in water (Do et al., 2020). My topic is
focused on integration of microbial fuel cell-based biosensor with remote sensing system to monitor
water quality in coastal reservoir. The paper published by (Do et al.,2020, sun et al.,2022, Yamashita
et al.,2022) provides the best definition of my topic.

Level 2&3) What are the different pockets(themes) and sub-pockets (themes) of
research identified in your Mind Map? Enter this data in the table below. Use the
highlight tool to colour code any sub-pockets that may match. Add or columns/rows if
necessary.

Pockets of Sub-pockets of Sub-pockets of Sub-pockets of Sub-pockets of

Research Research Research Research Research
Microbial fuel Biosensor Microbial activity Toxicant, BOD, Onsite and real
cell COD, Microbial time monitoring
growth
Remote sensing Neural network Image processing Real time analysis Data
and machine and geospatial visualization
learning analysis
algorithm
Optimization Sampling Hydrological Time series Cost
schemes simulation analysis effectiveness
Water quality BOD, COD, Water borne Real time data
monitoring Turbidity etc disease analysis
Integration of Performance Problems Biofilm formation,
system analysis and cost mass transfer
barrier, magnetic
field, interference,
cloud cover
Level 4) List 2-3 general conclusions based on the synthesis of literature
(SECONDARY). Provide the paper reference for the articles.

The research done by (Yamashita et al., 2022) showed that the ultra-low power energy
harvester is integrated with the microbial fuel cell that opened the possibility to develop the
microbial fuel cell based environmental sensing device and showed that it could be used for
wireless data transmission over large distance.
The research conducted by (Sun et al., 2022) concluded that the design of temporal sensor
could be used in monitoring water quality by integrating it with machine learning algorithm.
To achieve the integration of microbial fuel cell with the remote sensing system to monitor
water quality it is important that the cost optimization and signal interference should be
considered.
Level 5) List 5-6 key research findings derived from PRIMARY research studies.
Provide the paper reference for the articles.

The quantitative monitoring of the water quality parameter is done by putting the specific
pixel spectral into the multivariate equation (Su et al., 2008).
Similar research by (Dwivedi et al., 2022) discuses that the sample based partial equation
could be utilized to integrate the data in the computer algorithm to measure the water quality.
The microbial fuel cell is integrated with the artificial neural network to identify the
individual substance found in water sample (Kumar et al.,2022).
The remote sensing system is utilized to monitor the water quality in coastal reservoir by
incorporating the Global information system that changes the remote sensed data to vector
data (Coskun et al., 2006).

Level 6) List 1-2 existing gaps/limitations found in literature.

Very limited research was done on the integration of microbial fuel cell with remote sensing
system to monitor water quality, but it is only limited to small scale. Most of the research was
done either on the use of remote sensing to monitor water quality in coastal reservoir or use
of microbial fuel cell-based biosensor to monitor water quality in coastal reservoir but the
research on integration of these two systems was almost not found. The major limitations that
are stopping the integration of these two systems is the cost optimization and signal
interference, cloud area, mass transfer barrier, magnetic field, and oxygen supply (Dwivedi et
al., 2022).

Level 7) List at least 1 consistent and/or contradictory findings. Provide the

paper reference for the articles.
Some of the research was done for the online water quality monitoring using the microbial
fuel cell based sensor which is evident from the researches that are mentioned above. The
long-range wireless data transmission was carried with the use of LORA (Long Range radio)
module combined with the As-Microbial fuel cell and 1000m-f supercapacitor showed that
the low-cost data transmission is possible over large distance (Yamashita et al., 2022).
Further, the time series analysis model when integrated with the microbial fuel cell also
resulted better performance which opens the opportunity for smart biosensing (Feng et al.,
2013). The finding also suggests that the integration of microbial fuel cell with the remote
sensing system is possible using the LORA module with an efficient capacitor.

Level 8) What is your research question?

Very few research was done on the integration of microbial fuel cell-based biosensor with
remote sensing system to monitor water quality in coastal reservoir. Hence , this research
main focuses on finding a suitable and cost effective method which could be utilized to
integrate microbial fuel cell with remote sensing system to monitor water quality in coastal
reservoir and what could be done to overcome the main challenges associated with remote
sensing such as cloud cover, time delays and data processing and how could these problems
be solved by integrating the microbial fuel cell with remote sensing system ?
 References
Su, Y.F., Liou, J.J., Hou, J.C., Hung, W.C., Hsu, S.M., Lien, Y.T., Su, M.D., Cheng, K.S. and
Wang, Y.F., 2008. A multivariate model for coastal water quality mapping using
satellite remote sensing images. Sensors, 8(10), pp.6321-6339.

Coskun, H.G., Gulergun, O. and Yilmaz, L., 2006. Monitoring of protected bands of Terkos
drinking water reservoir of metropolitan Istanbul near the Black Sea coast using
satellite data. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,
8(1), pp.49-60.
Kumar, T., Naik, S. and Jujjavarappu, S.E., 2022. A critical review on early-warning
electrochemical system on microbial fuel cell-based biosensor for on-site water
quality monitoring. Chemosphere, 291, p.133098.

Feng, Y., Kayode, O. and Harper Jr, W.F., 2013. Using microbial fuel cell output metrics
and nonlinear modeling techniques for smart biosensing. Science of the total
environment, 449, pp.223-228.

Sun, X., Zhang, Y., Shi, K., Zhang, Y., Li, N., Wang, W., Huang, X. and Qin, B., 2022.
Monitoring water quality using proximal remote sensing technology. Science of The
Total Environment, 803, p.149805
Yamashita, T., Hayashi, T., Iwasaki, H., Awatsu, M. and Yokoyama, H., 2019. Ultra-low-
power energy harvester for microbial fuel cells and its application to environmental
sensing and long-range wireless data transmission. Journal of Power Sources, 430,
pp.1-11.

Do, M.H., Ngo, H.H., Guo, W., Chang, S.W., Nguyen, D.D., Liu, Y., Varjani, S. and Kumar,
M., 2020. Microbial fuel cell-based biosensor for online monitoring wastewater
quality: a critical review. Science of The Total Environment, 712, p.135612.

Dwivedi, K.A., Huang, S.J., Wang, C.T. and Kumar, S., 2022. Fundamental understanding
of microbial fuel cell technology: Recent development and challenges. Chemosphere,
288, p.132446.
 Introduction
Integration of microbial fuel cell-based biosensor with remote sensing
system to monitor water quality in the coastal reservoir.
(912 words)
A coastal reservoir is defined as a structure that is designed to store fresh water that could be
utilized for various properties such as water supply irrigation (Sivakumar et al., 2020). therefore,
there should be proper monitoring of water quality parameters such as BOD, COD, salinity,
turbidity, nutrients etc to ensure the health of the Coastal reservoir. quality monitoring for the
coastal reservoir is an important aspect of managing the coastal reservoirs.
The United Nations' sustainable goal 6(SDG6) focuses on the sustainable management of water
and sanitation for all by 2030 (Sivakumar et al., 2020). therefore, water quality monitoring could be
considered an important part to track the condition of water quality in the coastal river. Since 99%
of water-related deaths occur in underdeveloped nations and 84% of those people lack access to
clean drinking water (chouler et al.,2015), coastal reservoirs have the potential to be a significant
supply of water that helps to address global water issues.
To monitor water quality, several techniques are utilised, including laboratory, field test methods,
remote sensing tests etc. There must be a long-lasting way to monitor the water quality in the
coastal reservoir because the laboratory approach and the field test method are laborious and time-
consuming owing to several physical and environmental elements including human error,
temperature change, PH, expense, etc. This indicates that there must be an effective and cost-
optimized technique to monitor the water quality in the coastal reservoir.
Microbial fuel cells are one of the promising and emerging technologies that could address the
problems with water resources. “The microbial fuel cell is a device that can convert the chemical
energy from the organic matter into electricity with the help of the metabolic process of the
organism.” (chouler et al.,2015). The biosensor powered by a microbial fuel cell can transfer the
electrons formed by the metabolic oxidation and the similar microbial fuel cell-based sensor for
groundwater monitoring showed that there was some current generation due to the acetate
concentration, which generated the electrical signal. The electrical signal provided with real-time
data is used to monitor biological activity. The result showed that the microbial fuel cell-based
sensor could be used to monitor biological activity (Schaeffer et al., 2013). Furthermore, the
microbial fuel cell can also be integrated with the artificial neural network to identify the individual
substance found in the water sample (Do et al., 2022). The long-range wireless data transmission
was carried with the use of LORA (Long Range radio) module combined with the As-Microbial
fuel cell and 1000m-f supercapacitor showed that low-cost data transmission is possible over large
distances (Yamashita et al., 2022).
The remote sensing system to monitor the water quality relies on the use of maps, geographical
images and satellite data and its interpretation. These data could be used to monitor the various
water quality parameters such as temperature, conductivity, salinity, and turbidity. Global
information system-based remote sensing can be used on a full scale for geospatial analysis. This
technique is applied to collect and interpret data to find a possible solution to various environmental
homogeneity (Casper et al., 2009). With the combination of the proximal sensing system with the
machine algorithm the accuracy of the measurement for the water quality parameters such as total
phosphate and chemical oxygen demand could be achieved by 90% and due to high proximal
resolution, the sensor could be used for continuous water quality monitoring (Sun et al.,2022).
Similarly, the remote sensing system is utilized to monitor the water quality in the coastal reservoir
by incorporating the Global information system that changes the remote sensed data to vector data
(Coskun et al., 2006).
There are various limitations of integrating these two-system due to high cost, signal interference,
mass transfer barrier, magnetic field, and oxygen supply (Dwivedi et al., 2022). However
(Yamashita et al., 2022) showed that there is the possibility of data transmission using the LORA
module with the frequency of 923.6 MHZ in a very low cost.
Very limited research was done on the integration of microbial fuel cells with remote sensing
systems to monitor water quality, but it is only limited to a small scale. Most of the research was
done either on the use of remote sensing to monitor water quality in a coastal reservoir or the use of
microbial fuel cell-based biosensors to monitor water quality in the coastal reservoir but the
research on the integration of these two systems is only in the verge of development. The remote
sensing or microbial fuel cell-based sensor is not self-efficient to monitor water quality over the
coastal reservoir. Thus, there must be the integration of these two systems to accurately measure the
water quality parameter in real-time with reliability. The current study focuses on exploring the
possibilities of integration of the microbial fuel cell-based sensor with the remote sensing system to
monitor the water quality in coastal reservoirs and focus on finding the answer to the research
question “What are the challenges of integrating the two systems of water quality monitoring and
its cost-effectiveness”? and “what are the possible strategy that could be applied to integrate these
two systems to monitor water quality”?. The prime objective of this study includes,
 Creating a comprehensive knowledge of the integration of microbial fuel cell-based sensors
with the remote sensing system to monitor water quality in the coastal reservoir.
 Comparing the traditional methods of monitoring with the above-mentioned integrated
system.
 Finding a sustainable and cost-effective method to integrate these two systems to monitor
water quality in the coastal reservoir.
 References
Su, Y.F., Liou, J.J., Hou, J.C., Hung, W.C., Hsu, S.M., Lien, Y.T., Su, M.D., Cheng, K.S. and
Wang, Y.F., 2008. A multivariate model for coastal water quality mapping using
satellite remote sensing images. Sensors, 8(10), pp.6321-6339.

Coskun, H.G., Gulergun, O. and Yilmaz, L., 2006. Monitoring of protected bands of Terkos
drinking water reservoir of metropolitan Istanbul near the Black Sea coast using
satellite data. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,
8(1), pp.49-60.
Kumar, T., Naik, S. and Jujjavarappu, S.E., 2022. A critical review on early-warning
electrochemical system on microbial fuel cell-based biosensor for on-site water
quality monitoring. Chemosphere, 291, p.133098.

Feng, Y., Kayode, O. and Harper Jr, W.F., 2013. Using microbial fuel cell output metrics
and nonlinear modeling techniques for smart biosensing. Science of the total
environment, 449, pp.223-228.

Sun, X., Zhang, Y., Shi, K., Zhang, Y., Li, N., Wang, W., Huang, X. and Qin, B., 2022.
Monitoring water quality using proximal remote sensing technology. Science of The
Total Environment, 803, p.149805
Yamashita, T., Hayashi, T., Iwasaki, H., Awatsu, M. and Yokoyama, H., 2019. Ultra-low-
power energy harvester for microbial fuel cells and its application to environmental
sensing and long-range wireless data transmission. Journal of Power Sources, 430,
pp.1-11.

Do, M.H., Ngo, H.H., Guo, W., Chang, S.W., Nguyen, D.D., Liu, Y., Varjani, S. and Kumar,
M., 2020. Microbial fuel cell-based biosensor for online monitoring wastewater
quality: a critical review. Science of The Total Environment, 712, p.135612.

Dwivedi, K.A., Huang, S.J., Wang, C.T. and Kumar, S., 2022. Fundamental understanding
of microbial fuel cell technology: Recent development and challenges. Chemosphere,
288, p.132446.
Schaeffer, B.A., Schaeffer, K.G., Keith, D., Lunetta, R.S., Conmy, R. and Gould, R.W.,
2013. Barriers to adopting satellite remote sensing for water quality
management. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 34(21), pp.7534-7544.

Casper, A.F., Steimle, E.T., Hall, M.L. and Dixon, B., 2009, October. Combined GIS and
ROV technologies improve characterization of water quality in Coastal Rivers of the Gulf of
Mexico. In OCEANS 2009 (pp. 1-9). Ieee.

Sivakumar, M., Jones, B.G. and Yang, S.Q., 2020. Water quality considerations: from
catchment to coastal reservoir. Sustain Water Res Dev Using Coast Res, 3, pp.33-59.
 Literature Planner
Student Name: Sagar Pandey Student Number: 7449501
Topic: Water quality Monitoring in coastal reservoir

Reference Number: 1 Authors: Shin etal.,2023

Title of Article: Field portable seawater toxicity monitoring platform using lens free shadow imaging
technology
Type: Journal Publication: water research
Year Published: 2023 Number of citations: N/A.
Primary or Secondary: Primary
Publication Rating:
Cite Score: 18 Rank: 1/326 Percentile: 99 In-Category: civil and structural engineering
Cite Score Year:2021
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
An elaborative discussion on the shadow imaging technology was made in this research paper. The
research paper also discusses about the feasibility study of cell growth band morphological change of
toxicity.

What was the research question?

The research question outlined in the paper was about how the shadow imaging technology could be
utilised in order to replace the traditional testing system for water quality monitoring.
Design:
Microorganism from two different suppliers was used for the morphological study under test organism.
The cell of bacteria D. theriolatry was used as the shadow imaging parameter with some sensos such as
CMOS and growth inhibition test was carried out.
What was the finding?
The propped technology could be utilized to replace the traditional on-site testing which would be able to
save time and money.

What were the gaps?

Morphological change results were highly varying based on the chemical used and it after the growth rate
of the bacteria. Only sulphuric acid and ammonia resulted good morphological ration compared to the
chemicals such as ethyl alcohol and acetone.

Reference Number: 2 Authors: (Fettweis et al., 2023)

Title of Article: sample-based water quality monitoring of coastal reservoir: How significant is the
information loss in patchy time series compared to continuous one.
Type: Journal Publication: Science of Total environment
Year Published: 2023 Number of citations: N/A
Primary or Secondary: primary
Publication Rating:
Cite Score: :N/A Rank: :N/A Percentile: :N/A In-Category:N/A Cite Score Year: N/A
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The main theme of the research paper was to detect the biogeochemical changes in coastal reservoir on a
sample-based data and prepare opinion about the effective strategy to monitor water quality arising in
coastal reservoir such as eutrophication and human activities.
What was the research question?
The main research question in this paper was how the low sampling condition may cause the variation in
the annual and mean estimates? The paper also ask question about the section of the best sampling option
to provide depending upon the variability of the samples in coastal reservoir.
Design: The continuous series data, SPM flux and chlorophyll concentration from the tidally dominated
coastal area was collected to compare the result from low sampling data
What was the finding?
The sampling method discussed in this research paper confirms that the SPM and chlorophyll
concentration could be used best in case of the high frequency samples. Based on the samples collected
the paper derives the conclusion that the climate change, eutrophication and de eutrophic an is changing
the climate
What were the gaps?
The work focusses on the temporary monitoring of the water sample in coastal reservoir but the however
the coastal reservoir are also affected but the high level of chlorophyll concentration and SPM.

Reference Number: 3 Authors: Kim et.al.2023

Title of Article: Impact assessment of water level management on water quality in an estuary reservoir
using a watershed reservoir linkage model
Type: Journal Publication: agricultural water management
Year Published: 2023 Number of citations: N/A
Primary or Secondary: primary
Publication Rating:
CiteScore: Rank: 5/155 Percentile: percentile: 97 th In-Category: Earth surface process
Cite Score Year:2021
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The main theme disused was in the establishment of the linkage and simulation model of the estuary
reservoir by creation a reservoir model with the simulation software and how this model will give the good
rsukt to monitor the water quality.
What was the research question?
How to create a water quality prediction model in the upper and lower zone of the reservoir?
Design:
Simulation models from Simulation software Such as Hydrological simulation program fortan and
environmental fluid dynamics model was created to calibrate the water quality in the upper and lower
zone. of the estuary resrvior
What was the finding?
The research paper points out that the model created could be used, to ensure the good water quality and
it was found that the crated model gave very good result. The result of the simulation software predicted
that the better result was obtained when the simulation was made in the lower reservoir.
What were the gaps?
The existing gap in the research appear was that the created model performed best result in the lower
reservoir zone compared to the upper reservoir zone.
Reference Number: 4 Authors: (Sivakumar et al., 2020)
Title of Article: water quality consideration from catchment to coastal reservoir
Type: book Publication: sustainable water resource development
Year Published: 2020 Number of citations: 3 (google scholar)
Primary or Secondary: primary
Publication Rating:
Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: 73 In-Category: sustainable water source development using
coastal reservoir Cite Score Year:2020
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The main theme discussed was the main theme discussed was about the effect of water quality bider
suspended sediments nutrients emerging politicians from pharmaceutical industry and to monitor the
pollutants using real time data.
What was the research question?
the main resource question included in the paper was what are the main considerations that might be
included for the design of coastal reservoir based on the number of pollutants.
Design:
to find the serenity contaminants and monitor water quality with the help of real time water quality
monitoring technique.
What was the finding?
it was found that the water quality such as salt suspended particles emerging pollutants from
pharmaceutical industry heavy metals was the main region 2 affect the design consideration of coastal
reservoir and it is very important to monitor the water quality for several years to get the idea of water
quality
What were the gaps?
the main limitations point guard was that the spatial and temporal variations of emerging one
contaminants and what type of design considerations should be considered to monitor the water quality
the paper also outlines that the treatment process is he's also a complex approach for the coastal
reservoir.

Reference Number: 5 Authors: (Su et al., 2008)

Title of Article: A multivariate model for coastal water quality mapping using satellite remote sensing
images
Type: Journal Publication: sensor
Year Published: 2008 Number of citations: 31 (google scholar )
Primary or Secondary: primary
Publication Rating:
CiteScore: 6.4 Rank: 12/136 Percentile: 91st In-Category: instrumentation
CiteScore Year: 2021
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
Three water quality variables including sechii disk depth turbidity, Total suspended particles were analysed
using the satellite sensing images and was compared with the physical waster sampling technique
What was the research question?
What are the challenges of monitoring the coastal reservoir water using the physical sampling technique
and how can the satellite remote sensing technique be utilised to overcome the problem?
Design:
The quantitative monitoring of the coastal water was done by putting the pixel specific spectral reflectance
into the multivariate equation.
What was the finding?
The paper outlines that no significant effect of the diverted flow which object and the water quality data is
affected by office stream flow discharge by using three quality parameters namely total suspended solids
turbidity and Secchi depth parameter pointed out that what are quality para metres should we consider by
routine monitoring after remotes changing images received.
What were the gaps?
Paper finds out that the scheme is more useful for the local scale monitoring application, but the
proposed concept may be difficult to implement under high web condition because the monitoring may
be affected by the influence of spatial distribution of water.

Reference Number: 6 Authors: Chouler et al.,2015

Title of Article: Water quality monitoring in developing countries; can microbial fuel cell be the answer.
Type: Journal Publication: Biosensors
Year Published: 2015 Number of citations:121 (google scholar)
Primary or Secondary: Primary
Publication Rating:
CiteScore:3.5 Rank: 65/123 Percentile: 47th In-Category: Clinical biochemistry
Cite Score Year: 2015
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The main theme discussed in the paper was about the use of microbial fuel cell to monitor the water
quality.
What was the research question?
The main research question asked in the paper was about how Microbial fuel cells could be used to
monitor water quality?
Design: Microbial fuel sensors were tested as toxicity sensor, the MFC was used to detect the organic
carbon content to monitor the water quality.
What was the finding?
The research paper discusses about the use of microbial biosensors that could be used to monitor the
water quality in developing countries and it was found to be cost effective solution to monitor water.
What were the gaps?
The limitation of the research paper was all about the response time optimization of the MFC sensors,
cost effectiveness of producing the sensors.
Reference Number: 7 Authors: E. Halliday, R. J. Gast
Title of Article: Bacteria in Beach sand; An emerging challenge in protection coastal water quality and
Bather health
Type: Journal Publication:
Year Published: 2011 Number of citations: 124(Scopus)
Primary or Secondary: Primary
Publication Rating:
CiteScore:14.8 Rank: 8/134 Percentile: 94th In-Category: Environmental chemistry Cite Score
Year:2021
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The paper discusses about the distribution of bacteria in beach sand, faecal indicator bacterial role in
degrading water quality in coastal reservoir, Rapid molecular method of FIB detection and risk-based
analysis of the bacteria.
What was the research question?
The research question arising in the paper was how the growth of sand bacteria may affect the water
quality in coastal reservoir and what measure could be taken to control it?
Design:
Models of sand resuspension test was carried out using sand sampling at Laboratory and in field.
What was the finding?
The study found that the beach bacteria is one of the important factors in degrading the water quality at
coastal region and the Faecal bacterial analysis could be used to determine the water quality of coastal
reservoirs.
What were the gaps?
The health risk by enteric bacteria is largely unknown and studies cannot define the duration of sand
exposure and the acceptable health risk caused by faecal sand bacteria.

Reference Number: 8 Authors: (Coskun et al., 2006)

Title of Article: Monitoring of protected bands of Terkos drinking water reservoir of metropolitan Istanbul
near the black seacoast using satellite data
Type: Journal Publication: International journal of applied earth
Year Published: 2006 Number of citations: 37(google Scholar)
Primary or Secondary:
Publication Rating:
Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The theme discussed was about the use of GIS (Global Positioning System) for monitoring the water basin
area and water quality based on salinity a hydrographic criterion.
What was the research question?
question discussed in the research paper what about the effect of urbanisation and water quality and the
effectiveness of GIS system.
Design: The project incorporates the use of SPOT-PAN XS and IRS/D PAN and satellite data of 1993 and
2000 for analysis, remotes sensing data was converted to vector data for analysing the GIS.
What was the finding?
The image generated from the GIS system so the variation of colours showed different polluting agents.
The remote sensing technology incorporated with GIS system can be used to monitor coastal water and
environment.
What were the gaps?
The gaps discussed in the research paper was about the planning and implementation of the data
received from the GIS system.

Reference Number: 9 Authors: (Schaeffer et al., 2013)

Title of Article: Barriers of adopting satellite remote sensing for water quality management
Type: Journal Publication: International journal of remote sensing
Year Published: 2013 Number of citations: 174 ( google scholar )
Primary or Secondary: primary
Publication Rating:
CiteScore:2.5 Rank: 21/191 Percentile: 89th In-Category: General health and planetary sciences
Cite Score Year:2013
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The main theme discussed in the research project was about the use of remote sensing technology with
some traditional system to overcome the barrier of the measurement and management of water quality.
What was the research question?
The main research question was finding the drawbacks of using remote sensing based on reliability, cost
data storage.
Design:
The data collected from the Landsat, MODIS, MERIS was used to compare the water quality with the
traditional system.
What was the finding?
The main finding of the research paper was about the advantages of using remote sensing for water quality
management incorporating the various parameters such as temperature, chlorophyll, nutrients, and algal
blooms.
What were the gaps?
The limitation of the research paper was about the reliability of the remote sensing data, data
continuity, challenges of using the technology.
Reference Number: 10 Authors: (Casper et al., 2009)
Title of Article: Combined GIS and ROV technology improve characterization of water quality in coastal
rivers of the Gulf of Mexico
Type: conference paper Publication: Marine technology for future
Year Published: 2009 Number of citations:11 (google scholar)
Primary or Secondary: primary
Publication Rating:
CiteScore:N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year:N/A
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The main theme of the research paper was to demonstrate the necessity of geospatial technologies like GIS
and ROV and their application to monitor the water quality in the Gulf of Mexico
What was the research question?
The main research question highlighted was how the geospatial processing could be used to improve the
characterization of water quality? and how can be the visualization could be analysed to extract the
information about the water quality in coastal rivers of Gulf of Mexico?
Design:
The image data generated by GIS and ROV technology was used to analyse the condition of water quality in
coastal rivers of Gulf of Mexico
What was the finding?
The Combined GIS and ROV technology were successful create the systematic sampling of the water from
the coastal river of Mexico.
What were the gaps?
The main limitation of the paper was about the cost effectiveness of the technology and image quality
received from the combined technology for image processing.

Reference Number: 11 Authors: (Fan et al., 2023)

Title of Article: Impact of Artificial Island and Reefs on water quality in Jinmerg Bay, China
Type: Journal Publication: Water (Switzerland)
Year Published: 2023 Number of citations: N/A
Primary or Secondary: primary
Publication Rating:
CiteScore:4.8 Rank: 109/747 Percentile: 85th In-Category: Geography planning and development
Cite Score Year: 2021
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The main themes discussed in the literature is to simulate the water quality of the Jinmerag Bay using a
MIKE 21 numerical model and prepare impact assessment of the artificial island and reefs.
What was the research question?
The main research question made in this paper was how the construction of artificial island and reefs could
result in the increment of Nitrite and Chemical oxygen demand concentration and how the numerical
analysis can be done to create a proper solution?
Design:
The design addressed in the research paper was about the use of MIKE 21 numerical model to simulate the
water quality, check the COD and Nitrite concentration.
What was the finding?
The important finding of this paper was that the artificial island has impacted tidal currents in the Jinmerg
bay, China and disturbed the water quality. Moreover, there was significant rise in the nitrite and COD
concentration based on hydrodynamic variation caused by artificial island and reefs.
What were the gaps?
The limitation of the paper was all about the impact of uncontrollable tide events which has hampered
the assessment of water quality.

Reference Number: 12 Authors: Le et al.,2023

Title of Article: Spatial and temporal analysis and quantification of pollution sources of the surface water
quality in a coastal province in Vietnam.
Type: Journal Publication: Environmental monitoring assessment
Year Published: 2023 Number of citations: N/A
Primary or Secondary: primary
Publication Rating:
CiteScore:4.5 Rank: 62/228 Percentile: 73rd In-Category: General environmental science
Cite Score Year:2021
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The main theme discussed was about the use of multivariate and analysis factor method to assess the
water quality.
What was the research question?
The main research question was how the spatial and temporal analysis can could be utilized to monitor the
water quality.
Design: using two-way analysis the quantification of four major pollutants was carried out
What was the finding?
It was found that the transport of pollutants from upstream and downstream is responsible for changing
the water quality, erosion, pollutant leaching and sea water intrusion are other factors that should be
taken into account for quantification of the water quality .
What were the gaps?
The limitation of the paper was about the analysis of other pollutants and the possible challenges of
using the spatial and temporal analysis.
Reference Number:13 Authors: Do et al.,2020
Title of Article: Microbial fuel cell-based biosensor for online monitoring water quality: A critical review

Type: Journal Publication: science of total environment

Year Published: 2020 Number of citations: 145 ( google scholar )
Primary or Secondary: Primary
Publication Rating:
CiteScore: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A CiteScore Year: N/A
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The main theme discussed in the paper was about the rapid and real time monitoring of various water
quality parameters such as BOD, toxicity and derive a possible solution with the use of microbial fuel cell
based biosensor
What was the research question?
The main research question was what the cost effectiveness of the system would be and how the Microbial
fuel cells could be utilised to monitor water quality.
Design: The biosensor was designed to give a dual signal conformation which was the base to determine
the effectiveness of the sensor
What was the finding?
The main finding was that the growth of bacteria and power generation was directly proportional to the
external resistance.
What were the gaps?
The main limitation discussed in this paper was about the sustainability, reliability, and repeatability of
the microbial fuel cells.
Reference Number: 14 Authors: Dwivedi et al.,2022
Title of Article: Fundamentals of understanding microbial fuel cell technology: recent development and
challenges
Type: Journal Publication: Chemosphere
Year Published: 2022 Number of citations: 26 (google scholar )
Primary or Secondary: primary
Publication Rating: N/A
CiteScore: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A CiteScore Year: N/A
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The main theme discussed in the literature review was about the microbial fuel cell and its application
over broad range including medical, underwater and the research paper also discusses about the
improvement of microbial fuel cell.
What was the research question?
The memory shows question what's that how is the model based differential equation could be used to
study the microbial fuel cell technology?
Design: The paper discuss is about a sample based partial differential equation and statical methods that
could be used integrating the computer algorithms.
What was the finding?
the main findings discussed in this research paper was about the various parameters of water such as
temperature, pH, Magnetic field oxygen supply and their effects on the performance of microbial fuel
cell.
What were the gaps?
The limitation of the research paper what about the cost and the standardization while designing the
microbial fuel cell.
Reference Number: 15 Authors: Yamashita et al.,2019
Title of Article: ultra-low power energy harvester for microbial fuel cell and its application to
environmental sensing and long-range wireless data transmission
Type: journal Publication: Journal of power sources
Year Published: 2019 Number of citations: 45 (google scholar )
Primary or Secondary: primary
Publication Rating:
Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
the main theme discussed in this research paper what about the construction of ultra-low power energy
harvester that could be integrated with microbial fuel cells two harvest the energy in a very low power
mode.
What was the research question?
the main research topic in this research paper was about how the ultra-low power energy could be
harvested and could be used for microbial fuel cell? moreover the research topic also questions how this
technology could be used to monitor the greenhouse gases in remote off grid locations?
Design:
Various operations such as MFC operation and characterization, power management an effectiveness
evaluation where discussed in the design section of this Richard's paper moreover the paper also discusses
about the development of kit with solar power io T device that could also be used to check the capacity of
MFC
What was the finding?
the main finding of this research paper was, using ultra-low power energy harvester in microbial fuel cells
the optimum performance could be achieved by preventing use current leakage.
What were the gaps?
The main limitation of this paper was about the challenges that encompasses with the installation of
their system in a very large area like National Park moreover the other limitation discussed in this
research paper what about the cost optimization during the manufacturing of MFC reactor.
Reference Number: 16 Authors: Sun et al.,2022
Title of Article: Monitoring water quality using Proximal remote sensing technology
Type: Journal Publication: Science of total environment
Year Published: 2022 Number of citations:35 (google scholar )
Primary or Secondary: Primary
Publication Rating: N/A
Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile N/A: In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The main theme discussed in the research paper was about the use of proximal remote sensing technology
to monitor various water quality parameter.
What was the research question?
The main research question discussed in the research paper was about.
Design: machine learning algorithms were developed to integrate with the remote sensor to monitor the
water quality
What was the finding?
The main finding discussed in the research paper was about the design of spatial and temporal sensor
resulted in effective monitoring of water quality and the use of machine learning algorithms resulted in
better results.
What were the gaps?
The limitation discussed in the research paper was about the to control the low signal to noise ratio and
the cost effectiveness of the proximal remote sensor.
Reference Number: 17 Authors: Kumar et al., 2022
Title of Article: A critical review on early warning electrochemical system on microbial fuel cell-based
biosensor for onsite water quality monitoring
Type: Journal Publication: chemosphere
Year Published: 2022 Number of citations: 25 (google scholar )
Primary or Secondary: primary
Publication Rating: N/A
Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A Cite Score Year: N/A
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The paper discusses about the use of Microbial fuel cell-based sensor to study the hydrodynamic variation,
the limitation associated with the Microbial fuel cell based sensor and the possible ways to address the
challenges.
What was the research question?
The main research question was how the Microbial fuel cell-based sensor could be used to monitor water
quality? And what are the main disadvantages of traditional systems of measurements.
Design:
Both mathematical and kinetic models were used to monitor the water quality using the microbial fuel cell,
based on the exponential decay equation this empirical model was used to stimulate the dynamic current
output of the microbial fuel sensor.
What was the finding?
The main finding of the research paper showed that among the different methods used the micro nano
fibre-based electrode was best and cost effective to integrate with the system for water quality monitoring.
What were the gaps?
The main limitation discussed in the research paper was the formation of mass barrier by the microbial
biofilms, interference of signals and its unsuitability for in situ monitoring.
Reference Number: 18 Authors: Feng et al., 2013
Title of Article: Using Microbial fuel cell output matrix and nonlinear modelling techniques for smart
biosensing
Type: Journal Publication: Science of total environment
Year Published: 2013 Number of citations: 142 (google scholar)
Primary or Secondary: primary
Publication Rating: N/A
Cite Score: N/A Rank: N/A Percentile: N/A In-Category: N/A CiteScore Year: N/A
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The main theme of literature review for this paper was about the identification of quantitative response
time for an air cathode microbial fuel system.
What was the research question?
The main research question discussed in the research paper was about the identification of response time
and use of time series analysis technique to optimize the smart sensing system.
Design: The design process discussed in the research paper was about the experimental review, laboratory
experiments, field trip and design of nonlinear model for smart sensing.
What was the finding?
The main finding of the research paper was that the time series analysis model integrated with the
microbial fuel cells resulted better result.
What were the gaps?
The main limitation of the research paper was the characterization of the response peak time for the
improvement in data processing for the biosensor.
 References:

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portable seawater toxicity monitoring platform using lens-free shadow imaging technology.
Water Research, p.119585.
[2] M. Fettweis, R. Riethmüller, D. Van der Zande, and X. Desmit, "Sample based water quality
monitoring of coastal seas: How significant is the information loss in patchy time series.

[3]. Kim, S., Kim, S., Hwang, S., Lee, H., Kwak, J., Song, J.H., Jun, S.M. and Kang, M.S., 2023.
Impact assessment of water-level management on water quality in an estuary reservoir using
a watershed-reservoir linkage model. Agricultural Water Management, 280, p.108234.

[4]. Sivakumar, M., Jones, B.G. and Yang, S.Q., 2020. Water quality considerations: from catchment
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Wang, Y.F., 2008. A multivariate model for coastal water quality mapping using satellite
remote sensing images. Sensors, 8(10), pp.6321-6339.

[6]. Chouler, J. and Di Lorenzo, M., 2015. Water quality monitoring in developing countries; can
microbial fuel cells be the answer? Biosensors, 5(3), pp.450-470.

[7]. Halliday, E. and Gast, R.J., 2011. Bacteria in beach sands: an emerging challenge in protecting
coastal water quality and bather health. Environmental science & technology, 45(2), pp.370-
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[8]. Coskun, H.G., Gulergun, O. and Yilmaz, L., 2006. Monitoring of protected bands of Terkos
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International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 8(1), pp.49-60.

[9]. Schaeffer, B.A., Schaeffer, K.G., Keith, D., Lunetta, R.S., Conmy, R. and Gould, R.W., 2013.
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[11]. Fan, J., Kuang, C., Liu, H., Wang, D., Liu, J., Wang, G. and Zou, Q., 2023. Impact of Artificial
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[12]. Le, T.V., Nguyen, D.T.P. and Nguyen, B.T., 2023. Spatial and temporal analysis and
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[13]. Do, M.H., Ngo, H.H., Guo, W., Chang, S.W., Nguyen, D.D., Liu, Y., Varjani, S. and Kumar, M.,
2020. Microbial fuel cell-based biosensor for online monitoring wastewater quality: a critical
review. Science of The Total Environment, 712, p.135612.

[14]. Dwivedi, K.A., Huang, S.J., Wang, C.T. and Kumar, S., 2022. Fundamental understanding of
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[15]. Yamashita, T., Hayashi, T., Iwasaki, H., Awatsu, M. and Yokoyama, H., 2019. Ultra-low-power
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[16]. Sun, X., Zhang, Y., Shi, K., Zhang, Y., Li, N., Wang, W., Huang, X. and Qin, B., 2022. Monitoring
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Environment, 803, p.149805.

[17]. Kumar, T., Naik, S. and Jujjavarappu, S.E., 2022. A critical review on early-warning
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 Focuses on adaptive sampling.
(Casper et al., 2009)
Toxicity biosensor,
groundwater biosensor
Achieve the aim of water BOD and COD as the
biosensor
quality monitoring. change in Spatial data
Erosion and pollutant
Eutrophication
leaching Le et al.,2023
Decrease in Total suspended solid.
Benefits
Spatial and
Risk assessment Local scale environmental monitoring
temporal Multivariate
analysis application (Su et al., 2008)
Problems equation
Time and cost Detection of organic carbon content
Quantitative monitoring Onsite and Realtime monitoring and toxicity (Chouler et al.,2015)
Problems Detect biochemical
Benefits
changes.

Integration of Microbial
Use Microbial fuel cell Toxicant and
Environment fuel cell based biosensor Biosensor
planning with remote sensing BOD
system to monitor water
Biofilm formation., mass
BOD, COD , Microbial Pollution and quality in coastal Integration transfer barrier, magnetic
growth water borne reservoir field, cloud cover and
disease interference

Factors Remote sensing Water quality

Optimization
Hydrological simulation monitoring Problems
Traditional testing
system
Optical and thermal sensors Continuous series GIS system
data

Sampling schemes Image mapping

Machine algorithm
Spatial and temporal Performance analysis
data

Continuous sensor measurement help detect and unravel Land Sat Data visualization
the study of SPM and Chl long term trend
Cost effectiveness characterized by strong trend (Fettweis et
BOD, COD, salinity,
al., 2023)
microbial growth IRS PAN Image processing and data
collection

MIND MAP
Water borne
disease.
Legend

Main topic

Subtopic

Subtopic

Subtopic

subtopic

Sub topic

Consistent
findings