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2 Reviewer GEC 3105

The document discusses theories about the self from various philosophers and perspectives. It covers views of the self from Socrates to modern times, and examines factors like gender, culture, and social relationships that influence the development of one's self-concept.

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Kyle Adrian Calooy
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48 views2 pages

2 Reviewer GEC 3105

The document discusses theories about the self from various philosophers and perspectives. It covers views of the self from Socrates to modern times, and examines factors like gender, culture, and social relationships that influence the development of one's self-concept.

Uploaded by

Kyle Adrian Calooy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Philosophy is replete with men and women who inquired into - Men and women in their growth and

heir growth and development


the fundamental nature of the self. engage actively in the shaping of the self;
- The unending terrain of metamorphosis of the self is
mediated by language.

Socrates was the first philosopher who ever engaged in a


systematic questioning about the self.
Mead and Vygotsky

- The way that human persons develop is with the use


Plato supported the idea that man is a dual nature of body and of language acquisition and interaction with others
soul.

Self in Families
Augustine agreed that man is of a bifurcated nature.
- The kind of family that we are born in, the resources
available to us, and the kind of development that we
will have will certainly affect us.
Thomas Aquinas said that indeed, man is composed of two - Human persons learn the ways of living and therefore
parts: matter and form. their selfhood by being in a family.

Rene Descartes conceived of the human person as having a Gender and the Self
body and a mind.

- Gender is one of those loci of the self that is subject


David Hume, the self is not an entity over and beyond the to alteration, change, and development.
physical body - It is important to give one the leeway to find, express,
and live his identity.
- Gender has to be personally discovered and asserted
Immanuel Kant, there is necessarily a mind that organizes the and not dictated by culture and the society.
impressions that men get from the external world

Other concepts similar to self:


Gilbert Ryle, “self” is not an entity one can locate and analyze

Identity, composed of personal characteristics,


Merleau-Ponty, the living body, his thoughts, emotions, and
social roles, and responsibilities
experiences are all one.

Self-concept, what basically comes to your mind


The self is commonly defined by the following characteristics:
when you are asked about who you are

- Self, identity, and self-concept are not fixed in one


Separate, is always unique and has its own identity
time frame.
- Theories generally see the self and identity as mental
constructs, created and recreated in memory.
Self-contained and independent because in itself it can exist - Social interaction and group affiliation are vital factors
in creating our self-concept.
- There are times when we are aware of our self-
Consistency, a particular self’s traits, characteristics, concepts; this is also called self-awareness.
tendencies, and potentialities are more or less the same

Unitary in that it is the center of all experiences and thoughts


- Two types of self that we can be aware of:
that run through a certain person
(1) the private self or your internal standards and private
thoughts and feelings, and;
Private. Each person sorts out information, feelings and
(2) the public self or your public image commonly geared
emotions, and thought processes within the self.
toward having a good presentation of yourself to others.

- Self-awareness also presents us with at least three other


The Self and Culture
self-schema:
- Every self has two faces: Moi and Personne;
- Language is a salient part of culture and ultimately,
has a tremendous effect in our crafting of the self.  The “actual” self is who you are at the moment
 The “ideal” self is who you like to be
 The “ought” self is who you think you should be
The Self and the Development of the Social

World
- Our group identity and self-awareness also has a
great impact on our self-esteem.

- One of the ways in which our social relationship


affects our self-esteem is through social comparison:

The downward social comparison is by comparing ourselves


with those who are worse off than us.

The upward social comparison which is comparing ourselves


with those who are better off than us.

Eastern thoughts:

Asian culture is called a collectivistic culture as the

group and social relations that is given more

importance than individual needs and wants.

Western thoughts:

The Western culture is what we would call an

individualistic culture since their focus is on the

person.

Confucianism

- A code of ethical conduct, of how one should properly


act according to their relationship with other people
- Self-cultivation is seen as the ultimate purpose of life.

Taoism

- The self is not just an extension of the family or the


community; it is part of the universe.
- The ideal self is selflessness but this is not forgetting
about the self; it is living a balanced life with society
and nature.

Buddhism

- The self is seen as an illusion, born out of ignorance,


of trying to hold and control things, or human-
centered needs

To forget about the self, and in doing so, attain the state of
Nirvana.

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