CONTEMPORARY

THE DIVISION • 3rd World Countries that is not align

either 1st and 2nd world after the
• Treaty of Tordesillas 1494-This WW I and II they are less developed
when the newly discovered lands countries (Africa, Asia and Latin
outside Europe were divided into American)
two-the west belonging to the crown • 4th world Indigenous People;
of Spain and the east belonging to Discriminated and Forced
Portugal Assimilation
• Cold War: US vs USSR this type of • Ethic Cleansing happens on the 4th
division between the world.
Capitalist/Democratic States and the • This practice is to acquired a
Communist State. territory of a minority group and
• The Capitalist State considered 1st empower them
world and Communist State referred • North and South Divide. After cold
to as a 2nd world. war, many see primary global
• Global North all countries in the division as being between North and
Northern Hemisphere (Super Power, South.
Rich,Mix of Form of Government
Monarch, Federal and Democratic)
encompassed all industrialized, GLOBAL NORTH & GLOBAL SOUTH
democratic countries which were
assumed to be allied w/ USA in its • The Global North refers to
struggle against Soviet Union. development societies of Europe
(Finland and Switzerland maintained and North America, which are
neutral) characterized by established wealth
• Global South all countries in the technologically advancement,
Southern Hemisphere (3rd world, political stability, zero population
Developing, Focus on Religion and growth, high income and dominance
customary law and practice) of world trade and politics. G8 & P5
• 1st World (NATO) North Atlantic countries
Treaty Organization – Democratic, • The Global South refers to the
Capitalist and Industrialized. (North developing countries which
America, Western Europe, Japan represent mainly agrarian
and Australia economies ins Africa, India, Latin
• 2nd World - was anchored America and others that are not as
Industrialized Communist realm of economically and politically stable.
the Soviet Union& its eastern
European satellites, yet it often
included poor communist states
located elsewhere (Soviet Union,
Eastern Europe and China)
 CONTEMPORARY

• Not all countries in the Global North REGIONALISM

can be called develop
(Haiti,Nepal,Afghanistan and • A political ideology that favors a
Northen Countries in Africa. specific region over the greater area
• Not all countries in the Global South • It usually results due to political
are not well develop (Australia and separations, religion, geography
South Affica) ,cultural boundaries, linguistic region
• The Global Divides are not purely of and managerial divisions
geographical division but rathe • Is the theory or practice of regional
focused on socio economic and rather then central systems of
political affiliations and status administration of economic cultural
or political affilation.

REGIONALIZATION VS REGIONALISM
• Regionalization
• Smaller segment called region
• States and Provinces
• Economic context as management
tool
• Regionalism is for Globalization
• An organization, alliances, and
partners
• Division of a nation into states or
provinces

REASONS OF REGIONAL ORGANIZATION

• Military Defense
• Aid in terms of Economic Crisis
• Natural Resources:
• Malaysia and Singapore (Water)
GLOBAL NORTH VS SOUTH • Thailand,Vietnam,and Philippines
(Rice)
• Middle East (Oil)
• Global North (Security,Health and
Economy)
• As a way of coping w/challenges of
globalization
• Asian Regionalism a product of
economic interaction between Asian
Countries
 CONTEMPORARY

ASIAN LEADS ON REGIONALIZATION • The 1997/98 financial crisis dealt

severe setback too much of the
• Trades,Geographical Location region highlighting Asia’s shared
• Asian Shares similar culture; interests and common vulnerabilities
• Language (Malay,Bahasa,Tagalog) & providing an impetus for regional
• Religion cooperation
(Catholic,Buddism,Islam,Hindu and • Now, Asian economies are become
Shinto) closely intertwined
• Goals: Economic progress • Interdependence is deepening
• Security: Rebel Groups (Abu because Asia’s economies have
Sayaf,Al Qaeda,Jemaah Isalamiyah) grown & prosperous enough to
• Aid: Economic aid, Health, and become important to each other, &
Territory (West China Sea) because their patterns of production
increasingly depend on networks
that span several Asian economies
& involve wide ranging exchanges of
VISION ON REGIONALISM parts and component among them
• Change the Form of the government
(Democratic to Federal)
• Implementation of Progress REGINALIZATION VS GLOBALIZATION
• Globalization promotes the
integration of economics across
ASIAN REGIONALISM state boarder
• In the early stage of Asian’s • Globalization allows many
economic take off, regional companies to trade on international
integration proceeded slowly. East level
Asian economies focused to develop • Cultural and societal relations
country markets. accelerate to multiralism
• The Japanese economist Akamatsu • To aid International Community like
(1962) famously compared this natural disaster and calamity
pattern of development to flying • Technology advances
geese.In this model, economies • Nature: Reginalization it is dividing
moved in formation not because an area into smaller space less
they were directly liked to each interaction
other, but because they followed • Monopolies are to develop in the
similar paths. market
• Asian economies have grown not • Not accepting diversity
only richer, but also closer together • Technology is rarely available in one
• New Technological trends have region or country
further strengthened ties among
them, as have the rise of China and
India and the region’s growing
weight in the global economy.
 CONTEMPORARY

FACTORS LEADING TO THE GREATER GLOBALIZATION

INTEGRATION OF THE ASIAN REGIONS • A set of multiple, uneven and
• Regional Integration is a process in sometimes overlapping historical
which neighboring states into an processes, including economics,
agreement in order to upgrade politics, and culture, that have
through common institution and combined with the evolution of
rules media technology to create the
• The objectives of the agreement conditions under which the globe
could range from economic, political itself can now be understood as “an
to environmental, although it has imagined community”.
typically taken the form of a political • The two concepts have been
economy initiative partners throughout the whole of
• Regional Integration has been human history.
organized either via supranational or • “Globalization and media have
through intergovernmental decision- created the conditions through which
making or a combination of both many people can now imagine
• Regional integration have often themselves as part of one world.”
focused on removing barrier to free
trade in the region, increasing the
free movement of people, labor, MEDIA & CULTURE
goods and capital across national
borders, reducing possibility of • Refers to the communication
regional armed conflict and adopting channels through which we
cohesive regional stances on policy disseminate news, music, movies,
issues, such as the environment, education, promotional messages
climate change and migration and other data.
• Intra-regional trade refers to trade • Culture can defined as all the ways
which focuses on economic of life including arts, beliefs and
exchange primarily between institutions of a population that are
countries of the same region or passed down from generation to
economic zone generation
• In the recent years countries within
economic-trade regimes such as
ASEAN in Southeast Asia for GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURES
example have increased the level of
trade & commodity exchange • Globalization entails the spread of
between themselves which reduces various cultures
the inflation and tariff barriers • Globalization also involves the
associated w/foreign markets spread of ideas
resulting in growing prosperity. • Globalization relies on media as its
mains conduit for the spread of
global culture and ideas
 CONTEMPORARY

EVOLUTION OF MEDIA AND o It allowed for the

written and
GLOBALIZATION permanent
• To understand further the study of codification of
globalization and media, it is economic, cultural,
important to appreciate five periods religious, and political
of the evolution of media and practice.
globalization. o Example:
• Media as means of conveying Cuneiform.Records
something, such as channel of 3) The Printing Press
communication o It started the
1) Oral Communication “information
o Language allowed revolution”.
human to cooperate. o It transformed social
o It allowed sharing of institutions such as
information. schools, churches,
o Language became governments and
the most important more.
tool as human being o Elizabeth Eisenstein
explored the world (1979) surveyed the
and experience influences of the
different cultures. printing press.
o It helped them move a) It changed the
and settle down. nature of
o It led to markets, knowledge. It
trade and cross- preserved and
continental trade. standardized
o Pre-Colonial Period knowledge.
(Umalohokan) b) It encouraged
2) Script the challenge
o Language was of political and
important but religious
imperfect, distance authority
became a strain for because of its
oral communication. ability to
o Script allowed human circulate
to communicate over competing
a larger space and views.
much longer times.
 CONTEMPORARY

1. The media provide an extensive

4) Electronic Media
transnational transmission of cultural
o The vast reach of
products and
these media
2. Its contribution to the formation of
continues to open up
communicative networks and social
new vistas in the
structures.
economic, political,
Global media culture create a
and cultural
continuous cultural exchange, in
processes of
which crucial aspects such as
globalization.
identity, nationality, religion,
o Radio- quickly
behavioral norms and way of life are
became a global
continuously questioned and
medium, reaching challenged.
distant regions.
o Television-
considered as the
most powerful and GLOBAL IMAGINARY AND GLOBAL
pervasive mass VILLAGE
medium. It brought
together the visual • Media have linked the globe with
and aural power of stories, images, myths and
the film with the metaphors.
accesibility of radion. • Global Imaginary- the globe itself as
5) Digital Media imagined community.
o Digital Media are • Global Village
often electronic media o Marshall McLuhan
that rely on digital o Media have connected the
code. world in ways that create a
o Many of our earlier global village.
media such as o As McLuhan predicted media
phones and tvs are and globalization have
now considered connected the world.
digital media. However, the “global village
o In the realm of politic have brought no collective
computer allowed harmony or peace. Why do
citizens to access think so?
information from
around the world.

MEDIA
• The media have very important
impact on cultural globalization in
two mutually interdependent ways.
 CONTEMPORARY

MEDIA AND ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION POPULAR MUSIC AND GLOBALIZATION

• Media fosters the conditions for • Technologies of transport, of
global capitalism. information and mediation, including
• “Economic and cultural globalization social media platforms, have made
arguably would be impossible possible the circulation of cultural
without a global commercial media commodities such as music.
system to promote global markets
and to encourage consumer values”
– Robert Mc Chesney • Circulation of cultural commodities
are consumed to gain cultural capital
and social status.
MEDIA AND POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION • Goods and commodities became a
catalyst that set globalization.
• Though media corporations are
themselves powerful political actors,
individuals journalists are subject to
intimidations as more actors contend
RELIGION
for power. • Religion is from the latin word
• In the age of political globalization: “ligare” means to bind or to connect
government shape and manipulate • Adding the “Re”in ligare means to
the news. Is this also true for reconnect or rebind.
Philippines? • Religion is a collection of cultural
• Media complicate politics…how? systems, belief system, and world
views establishes symbol that relate
humanity to spirituality and to moral
MEDIA AND CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION values.
• Clash of Civilizations-cultural and
• Media on one level are the carriers religion identities will be the primary
of culture. conflict
• It generates numerous and on-going
interactions
• Globalization will bring about and
GLOBALIZATION
increasing blending or mixture of
cultures. What is the role of media in • Is the networking and expansion of
the blending or mixture of culture? once local products, beliefs, and
practices into universal products,
beliefs and practices often through
technology.
 CONTEMPORARY

TRANSNATIONAL RELIGION AND MULTIPLE • Secularization is understood as a

shift in the overall frameworks of
GLOCALIZATIONS human condition; it makes it possible
• Migration of faiths across the globe for people to have a choice between
has been a major feature of the belief and non-belief in a manner
worlds throughout the 20th century. hitherto unknown.
• Transnational religion emerged
through the post-World War II.
• Two distinct blends of religious
RELIGION IN GLOBAL CONFLICT
universalism and local particularism. • Reigious ideas, values, symbols and
o It is possible for religious rites relate to deep issues of
universalism to gain the existence, it should not be surprising
upper hand, whereby religion when religion enters the picture in
becomes the central times of crisis.
reference for immigrants. • The ere of globalization brought with
Religion transnationalism= it 3 enormous problems, namely:
“religion going global”. 1. Identity
o It is possible for local ethnic 2. Accountability
or national particularism to 3. Security
gain or maintain the most • Religion provides answer to these
important place for local problems
immigrant communities. 1. It provides a sense of identity
2. Traditional religious
leadership provides a sense
BEYOND THE SECULARIZATION DEBATE of accountability.
3. Religion offers a sense of
• There is a discontinuity between security.
research agendas that focus on
secularization and globalization.
• Social scientists have debated the
scope, nature, extent and
parameters of secularization in an
effort to unveil the overall patterns
and/or trajectories of the modern
world.
• Initially secularization had a strong
following but eventually it was
superseded by re-evaluation.
• Various debated lead to re-
appraisal.
• Secularization debate have been
reframed.
 CONTEMPORARY

GLOBAL CITY • Global Cities are also centers of the

authority. Washington DC may not
• Sociologist Saskia Sassen wealthy as New York, but it is the
popularized the term” Global City” in seat of American state power.
the 1990’s. She identified three • Compared w/Sydney and
global cities: New York, London and Melbourne, Canberra is a sleepy
Tokyo. New York has the New York town and not a Tourist area. In
Stock Exchange (NYSE), London Caberra it is a Political Capital it is
has the Financial Times Stock home to the country’s top politicians,
Exchange (FTSE)& Tokyo has the bureaucrats, and policy advisors
Nikkei. But some commentators • The cities that house major
have expanded the criteria that international organizations may also
Sassen usedto determine what considered centers of political
constitutes a global city. Los influence.
Angeles (Film), Social Media • United Nations Headquarters-New
Companies ( FB,Twitter and Google) York
China cities like Shanghai, Beijing & • European Union Headquarters-
Guangzhou into trade and Finance) Brussels
Asean Heaquarters- Jakarta
European Central Bank- Frankfurt
INDICATORS OF GLOBALITY • Global Cities are centers of higher
learning and culture. A city’s
• The foremost characteristic of Global intellectual influence is seen through
City is economic power the influence of its publishing
• Economic power largely determines industry.
which cities are global • Universities (Harvard & Yale)
• Economic opportunities in a global • Los Angeles (Film)
city make it attractive to talents from • Migrations (Canada, Australia & US)
across the world. • MTV & Channel News Asia
• To measure the economic (Singapore)
competitiveness of a city, Economist • Fashion (Paris,Milan, Tokyo)
Intelligence Unit has added other • Manila is not very global because of
criteria like market size, purchasing
lessen numbers of Foreign
power of citizens, size of the middle Residents
class and potential growth.
• Singapore the tiny country in Asia
considered most competitive city
because of its strong market, GLOBAL CITIES IN GLOBALIZATION
efficient, incorruptible government
• Globalization is spatial because it
and livability
occurs in physical spaces. More
people are driven out of the city
centers to make way for the new
developments
 CONTEMPORARY

• Globalization is spatial because Project like (Tree Planting in the Urban

what makes it move is the fact that is Area)
based in places
Arroceros Park in Manila restored
Botanical Garden in the major cities are
CHALLENGES restored and rehabilitate.
3’s on the waste material
• Global Cities also has their
undersides. They can be sites of Bike lane
great inequality and poverty as well
tremendous violence Paper Bag or Eco Bag is used in the
• Global Cities create winners and supermarket
losers Thirft store (lessen the waste in the field)
• Denser settlement patterns yield
energy savings; apartment building
for example, are more efficient to
heat and cool than detached GLOBAL VILLAGE TO CITY
suburban house. • Half of the world’s population lives in
• In cities with extensive public the cities (although often under poor
transportation system, people tend conditions), and many metropolises
to drive less & thereby cut carbon of the world are much economically
emission productive& significant w/respect to
• Not all cities are as dense as New global networks than most of world’s
York or Tokyo. In Los Angeles is an states. In addition, these cities look
urban sprawls, w/ massive freeways increasingly alike, shaping a global
that force residents to spend money space which is more & more
on cars and gas. indistinguishable between
continents. Thus, the modern city is
the primary manifestation of
Urban areas consume most of the world’s globalization today, and its very
energy. Cities only cover 2% of the world’s essence is a global network of
landmass, but they consume 78% of global multidimensional spaces of
energy. Therefore, if carbon emissions must congestion that both describes and
be cut to prevent global warming, this shapes it.
massive energy consumptions in cities must
be curbed.