ELEC351 Homework Problems Set #5 Solution

Problem 1. Match a load of 𝑍𝑍𝐿𝐿 = 75 − 𝑗𝑗20 ohms to a transmission line of characteristic resistance 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 = 50
ohms at 300 MHz. Insert line #2 and line #3 in series with 𝑍𝑍𝐿𝐿 . Line #2 is a quarter-wave transformer of length
𝐿𝐿𝑡𝑡 and characteristic resistance 𝑅𝑅𝑡𝑡 . Line #3 has characteristic impedance 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 = 50 ohms and length 𝐿𝐿. All the
transmission lines have speed of travel u=c=300 meters/microsecond.
i)Choose the shortest possible length 𝐿𝐿 so that the input impedance of line #3 is real with zero imaginary part.
ii)Choose length 𝐿𝐿𝑡𝑡 and characteristic resistance 𝑅𝑅𝑡𝑡 for the quarter-wave transformer.
iii)Use TRLINE to verify that your design works and to find the “impedance bandwidth” of the match for a
return loss of -10 dB or better.

Problem 2. Match a load of 𝑍𝑍𝐿𝐿 = 75 − 𝑗𝑗20 ohms to a transmission line of characteristic resistance 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 = 50
ohms at 300 MHz, using a single-stub matching circuit. All the transmission lines have characteristic resistance
𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 = 50 ohms and have speed of travel u=c=300 meters/microsecond.
i)Choose the shortest possible length 𝐿𝐿 of the line connecting the stub to the load.
ii)Choose length 𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠 of the stub.
iii)Use TRLINE to verify that your design works and to find the “impedance bandwidth” of the match for a
return loss of -10 dB or better.

Problem 3. Match a load of 𝑍𝑍𝐿𝐿 = 75 − 𝑗𝑗20 ohms to a transmission line of characteristic resistance 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 = 50
ohms at 300 MHz, using a double-stub matching circuit. The distance separating the stubs is 0.125 wavelength.
All the transmission lines have characteristic resistance 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 = 50 ohms and have speed of travel u=c=300
meters/microsecond.
i)Choose the shortest possible length 𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠1 for the stub connected across the load.
ii)Choose length 𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠2 of the stub connected across the input.
iii)Use TRLINE to verify that your design works and to find the “impedance bandwidth” of the match for a
return loss of -10 dB or better.

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Problem 1
1.Match a load of 𝑍𝑍𝐿𝐿 = 75 − 𝑗𝑗20 ohms to a transmission line of characteristic resistance 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 = 50 ohms at 300
MHz. Insert line #2 and line #3 in series with 𝑍𝑍𝐿𝐿 . Line #2 is a quarter-wave transformer of length 𝐿𝐿𝑡𝑡 and
characteristic resistance 𝑅𝑅𝑡𝑡 . Line #3 has characteristic impedance 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 = 50 ohms and length 𝐿𝐿. All the
transmission lines have speed of travel u=c=300 meters/microsecond.
i)Choose the shortest possible length 𝐿𝐿 so that the input impedance of line #3 is real with zero imaginary part.
ii)Choose length 𝐿𝐿𝑡𝑡 and characteristic resistance 𝑅𝑅𝑡𝑡 for the quarter-wave transformer.
iii)Use TRLINE to verify that your design works and to find the “impedance bandwidth” of the match for a
return loss of -10 dB or better.
On the Smith Chart, find the load admittance “LOAD” and rotate towards the generator to make the input
admittance “INPUT” real. The line length is 0.209 m to make the input impedance 29.814-j0.000.

Then choose the transformer impedance as

Z3=root( 50 x 29.814 ) = 38.61 ohms.
And the length of the transformer as a quarter wavelength at 300 MHz with u=c. The wavelength is 1 m so the
line length is 0.25 m.
To verify the match with TRLINE, input the design. I used four lines in series, with line #1 and line #2 both of
length 1 m, line #3 as the transformer and line #4 of length 0.209 m.
With these choices we have a perfect match at 300 MHz. We see that there is no standing wave on lines #1 and
#2, and that the VSWR is 1.000.

Use the menu item “plot a parameter as a function of frequency” and choose return loss. Choose the port as the
input port to the quarter wave transformer. Use the snap function to move the markers to -10 dB. The
bandwidth is 210.7 MHz.

Problem 2
2.Match a load of 𝑍𝑍𝐿𝐿 = 75 − 𝑗𝑗20 ohms to a transmission line of characteristic resistance 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 = 50 ohms at 300
MHz, using a single-stub matching circuit. All the transmission lines have characteristic resistance 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 = 50
ohms and have speed of travel u=c=300 meters/microsecond.
i)Choose the shortest possible length 𝐿𝐿 of the line connecting the stub to the load.
ii)Choose length 𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠 of the stub.
iii)Use TRLINE to verify that your design works and to find the “impedance bandwidth” of the match for a
return loss of -10 dB or better.
Smith Chart #1 for problem 2.68 (single stub)
Smith Chart #2 for problem 2.68 (single stub)

We can re-do the design with TRLINE as follows.

Set up the circuit with line #1 at 1m long, and lines #2 and #3 at 0.1 m long.

Use the Smith Chart to adjust the length of line #2 so that the input admittance has real part 20 mS, so lies on
the g=1 circle.
With the line #2 length set to 0.10428 m, the input admittance 20.000+j10.456
Then adjust the stub, line #3, so the input admittance is –j10.456 mS. This gives stub length 0.17333 m

We have a perfect match at the center frequency, with VSWR=1 on line #1.
The bandwidth for -10 dB or better is 296 MHz.
Problem 3
3.Match a load of 𝑍𝑍𝐿𝐿 = 75 − 𝑗𝑗20 ohms to a transmission line of characteristic resistance 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 = 50 ohms at 300
MHz, using a double-stub matching circuit. The distance separating the stubs is 0.125 wavelength. All the
transmission lines have characteristic resistance 𝑅𝑅𝑐𝑐 = 50 ohms and have speed of travel u=c=300
meters/microsecond.
i)Choose the shortest possible length 𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠1 for the stub connected across the load.
ii)Choose length 𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠2 of the stub connected across the input.
iii)Use TRLINE to verify that your design works and to find the “impedance bandwidth” of the match for a
return loss of -10 dB or better.

Solution withdouble-stub matching

Smith Chart #1 for problem 2.68 (double stub)

Smith Chart #2 for problem 2.68 (double stub)

We can re-do this problem with TRLINE, and find the bandwidth.
Set up the problem with input line #1 set to 1 m long and the spacing between the stubs 0.125 m long.
Set the stub lengths to ‘short’ or 0.1 m, which is 1/10th of the wavelength. Use the shortest possible length for
the stub across the load.

To do this problem with a paper Smith Chart first we would draw the rotated g=1 circle. Rotate by 0.125
wavelength, the stub separation.
Use the Smith Chart Calculation feature of the program. Monitor the output admittance of line #2. We want the
admittance at the end of line #2 to lie on the rotated g=1 circle. The program draws the admittance as the red
circled “+”. Use “change length” for line #4 to move the red + onto the g=1 circle.
The admittance is 12.448+j1.481 mS with a stub length of 0.235 m.

Then we find the input admittance to line #2 by rotating this point back through the length of line #2. This puts
the red + on the g=1 circle. The admittance at the end of line #2 is “LOAD” and is12.448+j1.481 mS, and the
admittance at the input of line #2 is “INPUT” and is 20.001+j9.755 mS.

Then the length of the input stub is chosen to make the stub admittance –j9.755 mS.

This completes the solution.

We have an (almost) perfect match at the center frequency.

The bandwidth is 108.7 MHz.