Colegiul Național Decebal
REPUBLICANISM AND
KING CHARLES III
Coordinating teacher: Student:
Balabuc Mirabela Viviana Borzei Bogdan
2023
Colegiul Național Decebal
REPUBLICANISM
AND
KING CHARLES III
Coordinating teacher: Student:
Balabuc Mirabela Viviana Borzei Bogdan
Table of contents
Argument ......................................................................................... iii
Précis ............................................................................................... iv
Chapter 1. Brief History of the Royal Family ............................... 1
1.1 Introduction
1.2 English monarchy during medieval times
1.3 Union of the Crowns and modern status
1.4 The Monarchy in present times
Chapter 2. The life of Charles, Prince of Wales ............................ 3
2.1 Early life and education
2.2 Lady Diana Spencer
2.3 Controversies
Chapter 3. Public opinion on King Charles III ............................. 5
Chapter 4. Republicanism in the Commonwealth Realms .......... 7
4.1 The Caribbeans
4.2 The case of Barbados
4.3 No change for now
Conclusion ....................................................................................... 10
Bibliography .................................................................................... 11
Argument
Since I started high school, the political landscape of the UK has been introduced to me in
British History and Geography lessons. I have a native interest in history and international
relations as I have always loved to be informed about what is happening around me.
One reason I chose this topic is due to a general interest in politics and government. Like
many others in my generation, I try to be engaged as much as I can. For instance, I like to
participate in or listen to debates and this can be a great subject since discussions about the
role of the monarchy and the potential for a republic can be complex and multifaceted and
may be of interest to those who enjoy analysing political systems and institutions.
Another reason could be a desire to understand the political landscape of the UK and the
Commonwealth realms. The role of the monarchy in these countries is a unique feature that
sets them apart from many other nations, and understanding the debates around the monarchy
and republicanism can provide insight into the cultural and political values of these countries.
Also, I somehow consider myself a monarchist since in one of the most prosperous periods,
Romania was a well-respected kingdom in Europe and around the world and the king had a
substantial beneficial influence on that.
Précis
Chapter 1. Brief History of the Royal Family
The first chapter provides a brief history of the Royal Family and the institution of the Crown
in England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to present times. It covers the expansion of the
monarchy's authority throughout the British Isles, the creation of the Lordship of Ireland and
the Kingdom of Great Britain, the establishment of a constitutional monarchy with power
shifting to Parliament, and the decline of the British Empire. Today, the monarch's role in the
UK is largely ceremonial and symbolic, with some powers and duties defined by law and
tradition.
Chapter 2. The life of Charles, Prince of Wales
The second chapter presents the life of Prince Charles who became the Prince of Wales in 1958
and was invested in a ceremony at Caernarfon Castle in 1969. He married Lady Diana Spencer
in 1981, but the marriage gradually grew strained amid intense scrutiny from the press and
rumours of infidelity. The couple separated in 1992 and divorced in 1996. Charles subsequently
modernized his public image and married Camilla Parker Bowles in 2005. Charles has been
involved in several controversies, including allegations of infidelity and attempts to influence
the British government.
Chapter 3. Public opinion on King Charles III
The third chapter is about the public opinion on Prince Charles, who is set to become King
Charles III, which has been mixed due to his infidelity and divorce, as well as the negative
public response to Princess Diana's death. However, his favourability ratings have improved
since becoming king, with 54% of respondents having a favourable view of him. Britons view
King Charles III as traditional and capable, but there is less certainty that he will be a unifying
figure. Gen Z tends to disagree with the idea of a monarchy, with many wanting a future
without one.
Chapter 4. Republicanism in the Commonwealth Realms
Chapter 4 discusses Republicanism in the Commonwealth Realms, which are sovereign states
in the Commonwealth of Nations whose heads of state and monarch are shared among the other
realms. The chapter focuses on the energized Republican movements in the Caribbean, where
people are fighting for full decolonization and dignity. Meanwhile, in Australia, Canada, and
New Zealand, Republicanism is popular in principle but well down the political agenda. The
chapter also explores the case of Barbados, which transitioned to a parliamentary republic from
a parliamentary constitutional monarchy in November 2021.
Chapter 1. Brief History of the Royal Family
1.1 Introduction
The introduction of my study is a historical background of the Royal Family and the institution
of the Crown. A brief history is fundamental to put into perspective a complete picture of King
Charles III’s role in the future of the monarchy.
With the exception of the unsettling years of the Interregnum, England has been a monarchy
since its foundation. Thus, the monarch has had a central role in British society ever since
feudal times and up until contemporary history.
My presentation will begin with the year 1066, a year of great change on British soil.
1.2 English monarchy during medieval times
William, Duke of Normandy, seized England in 1066, bringing both
political and social change to the country.
The Norman Conquest altered the trajectory of England’s history,
pulling it out of a Scandinavian orbit, in which it had previously
moved, and into more of a continental orbit. The Norman Conquest
strengthened a monarchy that was already regarded as one of the
strongest in Europe, and in fact, the English monarchy was so
powerful within a century of the Norman Conquest that it controlled
more of France than the kings of France themselves did.
During the following centuries, the Norman and Plantagenet dynasties expanded their authority
throughout the British Isles, creating the Lordship of Ireland in 1177 and conquering Wales in
1283. In 1215, King John agreed to limit his own powers over his subjects in accordance with
Magna Carta. To gain the consent of the political community, English kings began summoning
Parliaments to approve taxation and enact statutes. Gradually, Parliament's authority expanded
at the expense of royal power.
1.3 Union of the Crowns and modern status
From 1603, the English and Scottish kingdoms were ruled by a single
sovereign in the Union of the Crowns. From 1649 to 1660, the tradition
of monarchy was broken by the republican Commonwealth of England,
which followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Following the
installation of William and Mary as co-monarchs in the Glorious
Revolution, a constitutional monarchy was established with power
shifting to Parliament. The Bill of Rights 1689, and its Scottish
counterpart the Claim of Rights Act 1689, further curtailed the power of
the monarchy and excluded Roman Catholics from succession to the
throne.
In 1707, the kingdoms of England and Scotland were merged to create the Kingdom of Great
Britain, and in 1801, the Kingdom of Ireland joined to create the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland. The British monarch was the nominal head of the vast British Empire,
which covered a quarter of the world's land area to its greatest extent in 1921.
The Balfour Declaration was a statement issued by the British government in 1926 that
recognized the Dominions of the British Empire (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South
Africa) as independent and equal to the United Kingdom. It was named after Arthur Balfour,
the British Foreign Secretary at the time. The Declaration affirmed that the Dominions were
autonomous communities within the British Empire, equal in status to the United Kingdom and
that the British government would no longer legislate for the Dominions without their consent.
After the Second World War, many British colonies became independent, and the Empire
effectively came to an end. The Commonwealth of Nations was established as an association
of independent countries that were formerly part of the British Empire. The United Kingdom
and the other Commonwealth realms, including Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, are
sovereign and independent countries that share the same monarch as a symbolic head of the
Commonwealth. The monarch has a different national title and style in each realm.
1.4 The Monarchy in present times
The role of the monarch today in the United Kingdom is largely ceremonial and symbolic, but
the monarch does have some powers and duties that are defined by law and tradition. As the
head of state, the monarch represents the United Kingdom on the international stage and plays
a central role in the country's ceremonial and cultural life. The monarch is also the head of the
armed forces and plays a ceremonial role in the military, including the awarding of military
honours. In addition, the monarch has the right to be consulted, the right to advise, and the right
to warn the prime minister and other government ministers. However, the monarch does not
have the power to veto legislation or to directly influence the decisions of the government. The
Government of the United Kingdom is known as His Majesty's Government.
Chapter 2. The life of Charles, Prince of Wales
2.1 Early life and education
In February 1952, upon the death of his grandfather and the accession of
his mother as Queen Elizabeth II, Charles became the heir apparent.
Elizabeth and Philip were described as physically and emotionally
distant parents, and Philip was blamed for his disregard for Charles's
sensitive nature and for forcing him to attend Gordonstoun, where he was
bullied. Though Charles reportedly described Gordonstoun, noted for its
especially rigorous curriculum, as "Colditz in kilts", he subsequently
praised Gordonstoun, stating it had taught him "a great deal about myself
and my own abilities and disabilities. On his early education, Charles
later remarked, "I didn't enjoy school as much as I might have, but that
was only because I'm happier at home than anywhere else."
Charles was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester on 26 July 1958, though his investiture
was not held until 1 July 1969, when he was crowned by his mother in a televised ceremony
held at Caernarfon Castle. He took his seat in the House of Lords in 1970, and he made his
maiden speech in June 1974, the first royal to speak from the floor since the future Edward VII
in 1884. In addition to his official duties, Charles is also known for his philanthropic work,
including the establishment of the Prince's Trust, a charity that helps young people in the United
Kingdom.
2.2 Lady Diana Spencer
On July 29, 1981, Charles married Lady Diana Frances Spencer, daughter of the 8th Earl
Spencer. The royal wedding was a global media event, broadcast live on television and watched
by hundreds of millions of people; following the ceremony, she took the title princess of Wales.
The couple’s first child, Prince William of Wales, became at his birth (June 21, 1982) second
in line of succession to the throne. Their second child, Prince Henry Charles Albert David
(known as Harry), was born on September 15, 1984.
Charles’s marriage to Diana gradually grew strained amid intense scrutiny from the tabloid
press and rumours of infidelity. On December 9, 1992, it was announced that Charles and Diana
had decided to separate but would continue to fulfill their public duties and to share the
responsibility of raising their sons. The couple divorced on August 28, 1996. A year later Diana
died in an auto accident, and popular feeling for her, stronger even in death than in life, served
to jeopardize the traditional form of monarchy that Charles represented. He subsequently spent
much effort in modernizing his public image as the heir apparent.
On April 9, 2005, he married Camilla Parker Bowles (born
1947), with whom he had a long-standing relationship; after the
wedding, Parker Bowles took the title of duchess of Cornwall.
2.3 Controversies
Infidelity
During the infamous “Panorama” interview, telecast in 1995 and watched by more than 20
million viewers in Britain, Princess Diana had revealed personal details about her marriage to
the erstwhile Prince of Wales.
It was the first time Diana had commented publicly
about her doomed marriage. Diana had said, “There
were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit
crowded” – a reference to Charles rekindling his
relationship with Camilla Parker Bowles, now his
wife. His standing among the public plummeted to
an all-time low, especially after his conversations
with the queen consort came to light. Charles would
remark to his mistress during these chats, "I want to
be yours."
Attempts to influence the British government
King Charles III, who has now ascended to the throne, had earlier been accused of interfering
in the affairs of the British government. It must be mentioned that the monarchy in Britain is
constitutional and that the royal family is expected to not influence political opinion in the
country.
In 2015, it came to light that King Charles III personally lobbied with senior British politicians
on an array of issues, ranging from the purchase of helicopters during the Iraq War to the illegal
fishing of Patagonian toothfish.
Promotion of Pseudo-Science
King Charles III also came under fire for advocating homeopathy, which is considered an
alternate form of medicine and pseudo-science. He has been accused of lobbying for National
Health Service (NHS) funding for homeopathy, an initiative that had drawn the ire of modern
medical practitioners.
King Charles III and the Paradise Papers
When the Paradise Papers (a follow-up of the Panama papers) were released in 2017 by the
International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), the name of King Charles III
cropped up among those who stashed their wealth in safe tax havens.
He was accused of benefitting from his advocacy against climate change. Media reports
suggested that King Charles III was engaged in a conflict of interest and bought shares worth
$113,500 in ‘Sustainable Forestry Management’, a Bermuda-based company.
Chapter 3. Public opinion on King Charles III
For at least a decade, senior aides at Buckingham Palace have been quietly finessing
arrangements for the moment when the Queen dies, and her son Prince Charles becomes
sovereign. One of their chief concerns, apparently, is that republicans may try to use the interval
between the death of the old monarch and the coronation of the new one to whip up anti-royal
sentiment. In order to minimize the potential for such rabble-rousing, they propose to speed
things up as much as decorum will allow: in contrast to the stately sixteen-month pause that
elapsed between the death of King George VI, in February 1952, and the anointing of the
Queen, in June 1953, King Charles III will be whisked to Westminster Abbey no later than
three months after his mother’s demise. In a 2016 poll, only a quarter of respondents said that
they would like Charles to succeed the Queen, while more than half said they would prefer to
see his son Prince William crowned instead. But why is Charles so unpopular, even compared
to other members of the Royal Family?
The unpopularity of then
Charles, Prince of Wales
started with the accusations of
infidelity and his divorce, and
then public opinion
plummeted after Princess
Diana's death, as shown in the
diagram below. This large
disapproval may have also
been fuelled by some
conspiracy theories like the
intervention of the Royal
Family in Diana’s accident.
All these had some impact on the republican cause since those who dislike Charles are more
likely not to see a continuity in the monarchy.
The good thing is, that in the period after the funeral of Queen Elizabeth II and the proclamation
of King Charles III, the new monarch saw his favourability ratings improve compared with
when he was Prince of Wales earlier this year. In March of this year, 43% said they viewed
then-Prince Charles favourably, but by the end of September this rose by 11 points to 54%
favourability towards him as King.
Charles’ more detailed image ratings have also shown signs of improvement since becoming
King. Britons are most likely to see King Charles II as traditional (38%), a good representative
for Britain on the world stage (28%, up from 21% in May), and capable (27%, up 8pp). Around
a quarter see him as understanding of the problems facing the British people (24%, also up
8pp) while 1 in 5 each say he is concerned about people in real need in Britain and out of touch
with ordinary people (both 21%).
Although a majority expect Charles III to be a good King, there is less certainty that he will be
a unifying figure. Fewer than half (45%) believe the new king will do a good job at being a
unifying figure for all parts of Britain, although fewer than half as many (19%) think he will
do a bad job.
As Prince of Wales, Charles was outspoken about several issues that were important to him,
such as the environment and architecture. Indeed, this willingness to intervene in the public
space is what led many royal watchers to suspect he would prove a different kind of monarch
in the first place, given his mother’s studious neutrality on all things. Nevertheless, it seems
that Britons generally don’t mind. By 53% to 30%, the public thinks it would be appropriate
for the King to publicly express his thoughts on matters that he cares about.
One in three want King Charles to step down before his own death
Given Prince William’s significantly higher popularity relative to his father over the last few
years, many called for the crown to skip a generation when the Queen died. Obviously, that
moment has come and gone, and Charles is now king. But many Britons still seem keen to get
the crown on William’s head sooner than later. One in three (35%) believe King Charles should
retire at some point and hand over to William. It is worth noting that this figure is somewhat
higher than the number (25%) who said in a poll in May that the Queen should retire and step
down from the throne, rather than remain monarch for the rest of her life.
Gen Z wants, more than any other category, a future without a monarch
Gen Z, the people born between 1997 and 2012, is notoriously famous for being pretty vocal
in matters of politics, especially when it comes to equality and climate change. Also, polls
show that they tend to disagree with the sense of entitlement and the Royal Family is no
exception.
Chapter 4. Republicanism in the Commonwealth Realms
A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state in the Commonwealth of Nations whose monarch
and head of state is shared among the other realms. Each realm functions as an independent
state, equal with the other realms and nations of the Commonwealth.
As of 2023, there are 15 Commonwealth realms: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The
Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, and the
United Kingdom. All are members of the Commonwealth, an intergovernmental organisation
of 56 independent member states, 52 of which were formerly part of the British Empire. All
Commonwealth members are independent sovereign states, regardless of whether they are
Commonwealth realms.
King Charles III succeeded his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, as monarch of each Commonwealth
realm, following her death on 8 September 2022. While the machinery of the accession will
continue to operate in the UK, in other parts of the world, questions over the monarchy’s future
now appear much more urgent.
4.1 The Caribbeans
The Caribbean is the focus of the most energised republican movements. The "divorce" trend
is inevitable as the people in these countries are fighting to defend their dignity and seeking
full de-colonization. After declaring independence, Caribbean nations have developed stronger
relations with the US, China and other countries - this is also an impetus for these countries to
seek more political independence. Grace Carrington, a research fellow at the UCL Institute of
the Americas, said that “whereas older generations in the Caribbean express some fondness for
the Queen, that isn’t the case with Charles, and so the dynamics are very different now”.
In the Caribbeans, “a legacy of empire and slavery that was entwined with British royalty for
centuries has raised tough questions about the place of a foreign king”1. Earlier this year,
controversial Caribbean tours by the Earl and Countess of Wessex and the Duke and Duchess
of Cambridge – now the Prince and Princess of Wales – led to renewed calls for reparations to
reflect the lasting legacy of slavery in the region. All of this has crystallised in the weekend’s
moves towards a referendum in Antigua and Barbuda. The prime minister of Antigua and
Barbuda, Gaston Browne, said that he would seek a referendum on becoming a republic within
three years.
1
Patrick Wintour and Oliver Holmes for “The Guardian”
However, observers also said that the break-away process from the Commonwealth will not
happen overnight. There are uncertainties in the referendum process in some countries, as the
UK has taken the Queen's death as an opportunity to continue the influence of the monarchy
while emphasizing a sense of closeness and identity.
4.2 The case of Barbados
In September 2020, the Barbados Labour Party government of Prime Minister Mia Mottley
announced in its Throne Speech that Barbados would become a republic by November 2021.
The Barbados Labour Party held a two-thirds majority in both houses of the Barbadian
Parliament (including all but one lower house seat), enough to approve a constitutional
amendment. If the plan was successful, it meant that Barbados would cease to be a
Commonwealth realm, but would maintain membership in the Commonwealth of Nations.
In the 2020 Throne Speech, the Governor-General of Barbados, Dame Sandra Mason, stated,
"the time has come to fully leave our colonial past behind. Barbadians want a Barbadian head
of state." Former prime minister Freundel Stuart was also a supporter of Barbados becoming a
republic, as was Hewitt2, who stated in an interview that many Barbadians believe that the
country was due for "a native-born citizen as head of state." On 3 June 2021, it was reported in
Barbadian media outlets that the general public could email to submit suggestions regarding
the republic issue.
On 27 July 2021, the Day of National Significance in Barbados, Mottley announced that
Barbados' Cabinet had decided that Barbados would become a parliamentary republic by 30
November and accepted the recommendations of the Forde Commission. Under the proposal,
the president would be elected by both houses of parliament for a four-year term and be eligible
for a second term. The president would have mostly ceremonial powers; real power would
continue to be de facto vested in the prime minister and Cabinet. The amendments to the
Constitution of Barbados were to be made before 30 November to facilitate the swearing-in of
a new president on that day. The decision to become a republic without holding a referendum
on the issue was criticized.
On 30 November 2021, at
exactly 55 years of
independence, Barbados
transitioned from a
parliamentary constitutional
monarchy under the
hereditary monarch of
Barbados (Queen Elizabeth
II) to a parliamentary
republic with a ceremonial
indirectly elected president
as head of state.
2
High Commissioner of Barbados to the United Kingdom
4.3 No change for now
Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu
Countries, where the legacy of the slave trade is less salient in contemporary politics, have
shown significantly less appetite for change. Leaders in Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands,
and Tuvalu have all reiterated their support for the monarchy in recent days. Republicanism is
popular in Australia, Canada and New Zealand in principle, but well down the political agenda
– at least for now.
In Australia, the prime minister, Anthony Albanese, a staunch
republican, created the role of assistant minister for the republic
earlier this year – but now says that “now is not the time” to
consider a referendum. However, the Australian Government
approved the decision of the Reserve Bank not to feature the
face of King Charles III on the 5$ banknote. In New Zealand,
Jacinda Ardern has said she expects the country to become a
republic in her lifetime but that it is not “something New
Zealanders feel particularly strongly about”. And she said that she expected the country’s
relationship with the royal family to “deepen” during Charles’s reign.
In Canada, majorities tend to favour an appointed head of state. But the prime minister, Justin
Trudeau, suggested last year that the question is not a priority, and there are significant
constitutional impediments: any change would require a unanimous decision by every
provincial legislature as well as the national parliamentary bodies. Trudeau’s remarks after the
news of the Queen’s death did not suggest that would change soon. “In a complicated world,
her steady grace and resolve brought comfort and strength to us all,” he said. “Canada is in
mourning.”
Conclusion
The relationship between the British royal family and republicanism is complex and can be
controversial. Republicanism is the belief that a country should have no monarchy or other
hereditary positions of power, and instead should be governed by elected officials or
representatives of the people.
In the United Kingdom, there is a long history of debate about the role of the monarchy and
the desirability of a republic. While there are some vocal republican groups in the UK, the vast
majority of the population still supports the monarchy, and the institution remains popular and
well-respected.
The royal family has generally sought to maintain a neutral position on political matters, and
they do not publicly advocate for or against republicanism. However, there have been some
instances where members of the royal family have been criticized for their perceived political
views or actions.
For example, in the 1990s, Prince Charles was criticized for his apparent support of
traditionalist and conservative causes, which some saw as incompatible with his role as a future
king in a modern, democratic society. Similarly, in the aftermath of the death of Princess Diana
in 1997, there was a widespread backlash against the royal family for their perceived aloofness
and lack of empathy with the public.
Despite these controversies, the British monarchy remains a powerful symbol of tradition and
continuity, and it is widely viewed as a unifying force in the country. While there may be
occasional calls for the abolition of the monarchy, it is unlikely that there will be any serious
moves toward republicanism in the near future.
Bibliography
i. Ashley, Mike (1998). The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens. Robinson. ISBN 1-84119-
096-9.
ii. Cannon, John; Griffiths, Ralph (1988). The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy.
Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822786-8.
iii. Weir, Alison (1996). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (Revised ed.).
Pimlico. ISBN 0-7126-7448-9.
iv. Osborne, Hilary (5 November 2017), "Revealed: Queen's private estate invested millions of
pounds offshore", The Guardian, archived from the original on 5 November 2017, retrieved 9
November 2020
v. Royal Standard, Official website of the British Monarchy, archived from the original on 28
December 2009, retrieved 18 June 2010
vi. https://www.royal.uk/role-monarchy
vii. https://www.ipsos.com/en-uk/public-image-charles-improves-he-moves-prince-wales-king
viii. http://www.heraldinsight.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1801
ix. https://www.history.ac.uk/whats/ihr-events-archive/end-sight-monarchy-and-commonwealth-realms
x. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202209/1275202.shtml
xi. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/01/business/australia-new-banknote-king-charles-intl-
hnk/index.html
xii. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/12/monday-briefing-commonwealth-charles-first-
edition
xiii. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/10/king-charles-ascension-ignites-debate-over-
role-across-commonwealth-death-queen-elizabeth-ii
xiv. https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2022/09/13/britons-first-impressions-king-
charles-iii
xv. https://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/democracy-and-society/charles-the-last-6277/
xvi. https://www.ipsos.com/en-uk/public-image-charles-improves-he-moves-prince-wales-king
xvii. https://www.rd.com/list/reasons-british-citizens-dont-want-prince-charles-to-be-king/
xviii. https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/king-charles-iii-through-the-years/21/
xix. https://www-dw-com.translate.goog/en/opinion-king-charles-iii-just-abdicate/a-
63072183?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=ro&_x_tr_hl=ro&_x_tr_pto=sc
xx. https://time.com/6212008/king-charles-iii-controversy-past/
xxi. https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/uk-news/2022/09/10/631cb7e1ca4741c70a8b459c.html
xxii. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-III-king-of-the-United-Kingdom
xxiii. https://www.opindia.com/2022/09/controversies-king-charles-iii-life-diana-camilla-charity-cash-
elizabeth/
