1. In a group of 16 students, 12 take art and 8 take music. One student takes neither art nor music.

The Venn diagram below shows the events art and music. The values p, q, r and s represent
numbers of students.

(a) (i) Write down the value of s.

(ii) Find the value of q.

(iii) Write down the value of p and of r.

(5)

(b) (i) A student is selected at random. Given that the student takes music, write down the
probability the student takes art.

(ii) Hence, show that taking music and taking art are not independent events.
(4)

(c) Two students are selected at random, one after the other. Find the probability that the
first student takes only music and the second student takes only art.
(4)
(Total 13 marks)
2. The Venn diagram below shows events A and B where P(A) = 0.3, P( A  B) = 0.6 and
P(A ∩ B) = 0.1. The values m, n, p and q are probabilities.

(a) (i) Write down the value of n.

(ii) Find the value of m, of p, and of q.

(4)

(b) Find P(B′).

(2)
(Total 6 marks)

3. A company uses two machines, A and B, to make boxes. Machine A makes 60 % of the boxes.

80 % of the boxes made by machine A pass inspection.

90 % of the boxes made by machine B pass inspection.

A box is selected at random.

(a) Find the probability that it passes inspection.

(3)

(b) The company would like the probability that a box passes inspection to be 0.87.
Find the percentage of boxes that should be made by machine B to achieve this.
(4)
(Total 7 marks)
4. Consider the events A and B, where P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.7 and P(A ∩ B) = 0.3.

The Venn diagram below shows the events A and B, and the probabilities p, q and r.

(a) Write down the value of

(i) p;

(ii) q;

(iii) r.
(3)

(b) Find the value of P(A | B′).

(2)

(c) Hence, or otherwise, show that the events A and B are not independent.
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
 1
5. José travels to school on a bus. On any day, the probability that José will miss the bus is .
3
7
If he misses his bus, the probability that he will be late for school is .
8
3
If he does not miss his bus, the probability that he will be late is .
8
Let E be the event “he misses his bus” and F the event “he is late for school”.
The information above is shown on the following tree diagram.

(a) Find

(i) P(E ∩ F);

(ii) P(F).
(4)

(b) Find the probability that

(i) José misses his bus and is not late for school;

(ii) José missed his bus, given that he is late for school.
(5)
 The cost for each day that José catches the bus is 3 euros. José goes to school on Monday and
Tuesday.

(c) Copy and complete the probability distribution table.

X (cost in euros) 0 3 6
1
P (X)
9
(3)

(d) Find the expected cost for José for both days.
(2)
(Total 14 marks)

6. The letters of the word PROBABILITY are written on 11 cards as shown below.

Two cards are drawn at random without replacement.

Let A be the event the first card drawn is the letter A.
Let B be the event the second card drawn is the letter B.

(a) Find P(A).

(1)

(b) Find P(B│A).

(2)

(c) Find P(A ∩ B).

(3)
(Total 6 marks)
7. In any given season, a soccer team plays 65 % of their games at home.
When the team plays at home, they win 83 % of their games.
When they play away from home, they win 26 % of their games.

The team plays one game.

(a) Find the probability that the team wins the game.
(4)

(b) If the team does not win the game, find the probability that the game was played at home.
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

8. Two standard six-sided dice are tossed. A diagram representing the sample space is shown
below.

Score on second die

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 • • • • • •
2 • • • • • •
Score on first die 3 • • • • • •
4 • • • • • •
5 • • • • • •
6 • • • • • •

Let X be the sum of the scores on the two dice.

(a) Find

(i) P(X = 6);

(ii) P(X > 6);

(iii) P(X = 7 | X > 5).

(6)
 (b) Elena plays a game where she tosses two dice.

If the sum is 6, she wins 3 points.

If the sum is greater than 6, she wins 1 point.
If the sum is less than 6, she loses k points.

Find the value of k for which Elena’s expected number of points is zero.
(7)
(Total 13 marks)

2 1 7
9. Consider the events A and B, where P(A) = , P(B′) = and P(A  B) = .
5 4 8

(a) Write down P(B).

(b) Find P(A Ç B).

(c) Find P(A | B).

(Total 6 marks)

10. The eye colour of 97 students is recorded in the chart below.

Brown Blue Green

Male 21 16 9
Female 19 19 13

One student is selected at random.

(a) Write down the probability that the student is a male.

(b) Write down the probability that the student has green eyes, given that the student is a
female.

(c) Find the probability that the student has green eyes or is male.
(Total 6 marks)
11. A pair of fair dice is thrown.

(a) Copy and complete the tree diagram below, which shows the possible outcomes.

(3)

Let E be the event that exactly one four occurs when the pair of dice is thrown.

(b) Calculate P(E).

(3)

The pair of dice is now thrown five times.

(c) Calculate the probability that event E occurs exactly three times in the five throws.
(3)

(d) Calculate the probability that event E occurs at least three times in the five throws.
(3)
(Total 12 marks)
12. The Venn diagram below shows information about 120 students in a school. Of these, 40 study
Chinese (C), 35 study Japanese (J), and 30 study Spanish (S).

A student is chosen at random from the group. Find the probability that the student

(a) studies exactly two of these languages;

(1)

(b) studies only Japanese;

(2)

(c) does not study any of these languages.

(3)
(Total 6 marks)

13. Let A and B be independent events such that P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.8.

(a) Find P(A Ç B).

(b) Find P(A  B).

(c) Are A and B mutually exclusive? Justify your answer.

(Total 6 marks)
14. A game is played, where a die is tossed and a marble selected from a bag.
Bag M contains 3 red marbles (R) and 2 green marbles (G).
Bag N contains 2 red marbles and 8 green marbles.
A fair six-sided die is tossed. If a 3 or 5 appears on the die, bag M is selected (M).
If any other number appears, bag N is selected (N).
A single marble is then drawn at random from the selected bag.

(a) Copy and complete the probability tree diagram on your answer sheet.

(3)

(b) (i) Write down the probability that bag M is selected and a green marble drawn from
it.

(ii) Find the probability that a green marble is drawn from either bag.

(iii) Given that the marble is green, calculate the probability that it came from Bag M.
(7)

(c) A player wins $2 for a red marble and $5 for a green marble. What are his expected
winnings?
(4)
(Total 14 marks)
15. In a survey, 100 students were asked “do you prefer to watch television or play sport?” Of the
46 boys in the survey, 33 said they would choose sport, while 29 girls made this choice.

Boys Girls Total

Television

Sport 33 29

Total 46 100

By completing this table or otherwise, find the probability that

(a) a student selected at random prefers to watch television;

(b) a student prefers to watch television, given that the student is a boy.

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................

(b) ..................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

16. The following table gives the examination grades for 120 students.

Grade Number of students Cumulative frequency

1 9 9
2 25 34
3 35 p
4 q 109
5 11 120
 (a) Find the value of

(i) p;

(ii) q.
(4)

(b) Find the mean grade.

(2)

(c) Write down the standard deviation.

(1)
(Total 7 marks)

17. A standard die is rolled 36 times. The results are shown in the following table.

Score 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 3 5 4 6 10 8

(a) Write down the standard deviation.

(2)

(b) Write down the median score.

(1)

(c) Find the interquartile range.

(3)
(Total 6 marks)

18. A fisherman catches 200 fish to sell. He measures the lengths, l cm of these fish, and the results
are shown in the frequency table below.

Length l cm 0 ≤ l < 10 10 ≤ l < 20 20 ≤ l < 30 30 ≤ l < 40 40 ≤ l < 60 60 ≤ l < 75 75 ≤ l < 100

Frequency 30 40 50 30 33 11 6
(a) Calculate an estimate for the standard deviation of the lengths of the fish.
(3)

(b) A cumulative frequency diagram is given below for the lengths of the fish.

Use the graph to answer the following.

(i) Estimate the interquartile range.

(ii) Given that 40 % of the fish have a length more than k cm, find the value of k.
(6)

In order to sell the fish, the fisherman classifies them as small, medium or large.

Small fish have a length less than 20 cm.

Medium fish have a length greater than or equal to 20 cm but less than 60 cm.
Large fish have a length greater than or equal to 60 cm.

(c) Write down the probability that a fish is small.

(2)
 The cost of a small fish is $4, a medium fish $10, and a large fish $12.

(d) Copy and complete the following table, which gives a probability distribution for the cost
$X.

Cost $X 4 10 12
P(X = x) 0.565
(2)

(e) Find E(X).

(2)
(Total 15 marks)

19. A box contains 100 cards. Each card has a number between one and six written on it.
The following table shows the frequencies for each number.

Number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 26 10 20 k 29 11

(a) Calculate the value of k.

(2)

(b) Find

(i) the median;

(ii) the interquartile range.

(5)
(Total 7 marks)
20. In a school with 125 girls, each student is tested to see how many sit-up exercises (sit-ups) she
can do in one minute. The results are given in the table below.

Cumulative
Number of sit-ups Number of students
number of students
15 11 11
16 21 32
17 33 p
18 q 99
19 18 117
20 8 125

(a) (i) Write down the value of p.

(ii) Find the value of q.

(3)

(b) Find the median number of sit-ups.

(2)

(c) Find the mean number of sit-ups.

(2)
(Total 7 marks)
21. The following is a cumulative frequency diagram for the time t, in minutes, taken by 80
students to complete a task.

(a) Write down the median.

(1)

(b) Find the interquartile range.

(3)
 (c) Complete the frequency table below.

Time Number of
(minutes) students
0 ≤ t < 10 5
10 ≤ t < 20
20 ≤ t < 30 20
30 ≤ t < 40 24
40 ≤ t < 50
50 ≤ t < 60 6
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

22. A set of data is

18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 22, 22, 23, 27, 28, 28, 31, 34, 34, 36.

The box and whisker plot for this data is shown below.

(a) Write down the values of A, B, C, D and E.

A = ...... B = ...... C= ...... D = ...... E = ......

(b) Find the interquartile range.

(Total 6 marks)
23. There are 50 boxes in a factory. Their weights, w kg, are divided into 5 classes, as shown in the
following table.

Class Weight (kg) Number of boxes

A 9.5 £ w <18.5 7
B 18.5 £ w < 27.5 12
C 27.5 £ w < 36.5 13
D 36.5 £ w < 45.5 10
E 45.5 £ w < 54.5 8

(a) Show that the estimated mean weight of the boxes is 32 kg.
(3)

(b) There are x boxes in the factory marked “Fragile”. They are all in class E. The estimated
mean weight of all the other boxes in the factory is 30 kg. Calculate the value of x.
(4)

(c) An additional y boxes, all with a weight in class D, are delivered to the factory. The total
estimated mean weight of all of the boxes in the factory is less than 33 kg. Find the
largest possible value of y.
(5)
(Total 12 marks)
24. The histogram below represents the ages of 270 people in a village.

(a) Use the histogram to complete the table below.

Mid-interval
Age range Frequency
value

0 £ age < 20 40 10

20 ≤ age < 40

40 ≤ age < 60

60 ≤ age < 80

80 ≤ age ≤100
(2)

(b) Hence, calculate an estimate of the mean age.

(4)
(Total 6 marks)
25. Consider the four numbers a, b, c, d with a £ b £ c ≤ d, where a, b, c, d Î .
The mean of the four numbers is 4.
The mode is 3.
The median is 3.
The range is 6.

Find the value of a, of b, of c and of d.

(Total 6 marks)

26. The population below is listed in ascending order.

5, 6, 7, 7, 9, 9, r, 10, s, 13, 13, t

The median of the population is 9.5. The upper quartile Q3 is 13.

(a) Write down the value of

(i) r;

(ii) s.

(b) The mean of the population is 10. Find the value of t.

(Total 6 marks)

27. The box and whisker diagram shown below represents the marks received by 32 students.

(a) Write down the value of the median mark.

(b) Write down the value of the upper quartile.

(c) Estimate the number of students who received a mark greater than 6.
(Total 6 marks)
28. The 45 students in a class each recorded the number of whole minutes, x, spent doing
experiments on Monday. The results are åx = 2230.

(a) Find the mean number of minutes the students spent doing experiments on Monday.

Two new students joined the class and reported that they spent 37 minutes and 30 minutes
respectively.

(b) Calculate the new mean including these two students.

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................

(b) ..................................................................

(Total 6 marks)
29. The following table shows the mathematics marks scored by students.

Mark 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Frequency 0 4 6 k 8 6 6

The mean mark is 4.6.

(a) Find the value of k.

(b) Write down the mode.

Working:

Answers:

(a) .................................................
(b) .................................................
(Total 6 marks)
30. The table below shows the marks gained in a test by a group of students.

Mark 1 2 3 4 5
Number of students 5 10 p 6 2

The median is 3 and the mode is 2. Find the two possible values of p.

Working:

Answer:

…………………………………………..
(Total 6 marks)

31. Let a, b, c and d be integers such that a < b, b < c and c = d.

The mode of these four numbers is 11.

The range of these four numbers is 8.
The mean of these four numbers is 8.

Calculate the value of each of the integers a, b, c, d.

Working:

Answers:

a = ............................., b = .............................
c = ............................., d = .............................
(Total 6 marks)
32. The number of hours of sleep of 21 students are shown in the frequency table below.

Hours of sleep Number of students

4 2
5 5
6 4
7 3
8 4
10 2
12 1

Find

(a) the median;

(b) the lower quartile;

(c) the interquartile range.

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................
(c) ..................................................................

(Total 6 marks)
33. A student measured the diameters of 80 snail shells. His results are shown in the following
cumulative frequency graph. The lower quartile (LQ) is 14 mm and is marked clearly on the
graph.

90
80
70
Cumulative frequency

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
LQ = 14
Diameter (mm)

(a) On the graph, mark clearly in the same way and write down the value of

(i) the median;

(ii) the upper quartile.

(b) Write down the interquartile range.

Working:

Answer:

(b) ..................................................................

(Total 6 marks)
34. From January to September, the mean number of car accidents per month was 630. From
October to December, the mean was 810 accidents per month.

What was the mean number of car accidents per month for the whole year?

Working:

Answer:

......................................................................

(Total 6 marks)

35. Three positive integers a, b, and c, where a < b < c, are such that their median is 11, their mean
is 9 and their range is 10. Find the value of a.

Working:

Answer:

......................................................................

(Total 6 marks)
36. In a suburb of a large city, 100 houses were sold in a three-month period. The following
cumulative frequency table shows the distribution of selling prices (in thousands of dollars).

Selling price P
P £ 100 P £ 200 P £ 300 P £ 400 P £ 500
($1000)
Total number
12 58 87 94 100
of houses

(a) Represent this information on a cumulative frequency curve, using a scale of 1 cm to

represent $50000 on the horizontal axis and 1 cm to represent 5 houses on the vertical
axis.
(4)

(b) Use your curve to find the interquartile range.

(3)

The information above is represented in the following frequency distribution.

Selling price P
($1000) 0 < P £ 100 100 < P £ 200 200 < P £ 300 300 < P £ 400 400 < P £ 500

Number of
12 46 29 a b
houses

(c) Find the value of a and of b.

(2)

(d) Use mid-interval values to calculate an estimate for the mean selling price.
(2)

(e) Houses which sell for more than $350000 are described as De Luxe.

(i) Use your graph to estimate the number of De Luxe houses sold.
Give your answer to the nearest integer.

(ii) Two De Luxe houses are selected at random. Find the probability
that both have a selling price of more than $400000.
(4)
(Total 15 marks)
37. Given the following frequency distribution, find

(a) the median;

(b) the mean.

Number (x) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency (f ) 5 9 16 18 20 7

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................

(Total 4 marks)
38. The speeds in km h–1 of cars passing a point on a highway are recorded in the following table.

Speed v Number of cars

v £ 60 0
60 < v £ 70 7
70 < v £ 80 25
80 < v £ 90 63
90 < v £ 100 70
100 < v £ 110 71
110 < v £ 120 39
120 < v £ 130 20
130 < v £ 140 5
v > 140 0

(a) Calculate an estimate of the mean speed of the cars.

(2)

(b) The following table gives some of the cumulative frequencies for the information above.

Speed v Cumulative frequency

v £ 60 0
v £ 70 7
v £ 80 32
v £ 90 95
v £ 100 a
v £ 110 236
v £ 120 b
v £ 130 295
v £ 140 300
 (i) Write down the values of a and b.

(ii) On graph paper, construct a cumulative frequency curve to represent this

information. Use a scale of 1 cm for 10 km h–1 on the horizontal axis and a scale of
1 cm for 20 cars on the vertical axis.
(5)

(c) Use your graph to determine

(i) the percentage of cars travelling at a speed in excess of 105 km h –1;

(ii) the speed which is exceeded by 15% of the cars.

(4)
(Total 11 marks)

39. A supermarket records the amount of money d spent by customers in their store during a busy
period. The results are as follows:

Money in $ (d) 0–20 20–40 40–60 60–80 80–100 100–120 120–140

Number of customers (n) 24 16 22 40 18 10 4

(a) Find an estimate for the mean amount of money spent by the customers, giving your
answer to the nearest dollar ($).
(2)

(b) Copy and complete the following cumulative frequency table and use it to draw a
cumulative frequency graph. Use a scale of 2 cm to represent $20 on the horizontal axis,
and 2 cm to represent 20 customers on the vertical axis.
(5)
Money in $ (d) <20 <40 <60 <80 < 100 < 120 < 140
Number of customers (n) 24 40
 (c) The time t (minutes), spent by customers in the store may be represented by the equation

2
t = 2d 3 + 3.

(i) Use this equation and your answer to part (a) to estimate the mean time in minutes
spent by customers in the store.
(3)

(ii) Use the equation and the cumulative frequency graph to estimate the number of
customers who spent more than 37 minutes in the store.
(5)
(Total 15 marks)

40. The table shows the scores of competitors in a competition.

Score 10 20 30 40 50
Number of competitors
1 2 5 k 3
with this score

The mean score is 34. Find the value of k.

Working:

Answer:

......................................................................

(Total 4 marks)
41. A survey is carried out to find the waiting times for 100 customers at a supermarket.

waiting time number of

(seconds) customers
0–30 5
30– 60 15
60– 90 33
90 –120 21
120–150 11
150–180 7
180–210 5
210–240 3

(a) Calculate an estimate for the mean of the waiting times, by using an appropriate
approximation to represent each interval.
(2)

(b) Construct a cumulative frequency table for these data.

(1)

(c) Use the cumulative frequency table to draw, on graph paper, a cumulative frequency
graph, using a scale of 1 cm per 20 seconds waiting time for the horizontal axis and 1 cm
per 10 customers for the vertical axis.
(4)

(d) Use the cumulative frequency graph to find estimates for the median and the lower
and upper quartiles.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
42. At a conference of 100 mathematicians there are 72 men and 28 women. The men have a mean
height of 1.79 m and the women have a mean height of 1.62 m. Find the mean height of the 100
mathematicians.

Working:

Answer:

......................................................................

(Total 4 marks)

25
43. The mean of the population x1, x2, ........ , x25 is m. Given that åx
i 1
i = 300 and

25

å ( x – m)
i 1
i
2
= 625, find

(a) the value of m;

(b) the standard deviation of the population.

Working:

Answers:

(a) ..................................................................
(b) ..................................................................

(Total 4 marks)