CA 221 NOTES

Correction is the community’s official reaction to a convicted offender, whether adult or

juvenile.

-It is also the branch of the criminal justice system charged with responsibility for custody,
supervision and rehabilitation of a convicted offender.

-It is the reorientation or re-instruction of the individual with a view of preventing a repetition
of the deviation without the necessity of taking punitive action.

The principal task of correction is the REHABILITATION OF OFFENDERS.

Rehabilitation Services –its purpose is to change inmates pattern of criminal behavior and
reform them into a law abiding and productive citizens through the implementation of
rehabilitation in jail.

Jail- institution for the confinement of persons who are awaiting final disposition of their
criminal cases and also for the service of those convicted and punished with shorter sentences,
usually up to three (3) years.

Prison – institution for the confinement of persons who have been convicted by final judgment
by the court in which the penalty is more than three (3) years.

Distinction between Jail and Prison

Jail Prison
Less than three (3) years More than three (3) years

Jail Prison
Convicted or pending trial All convicted

As to Administration

Jail Prison
If provincial jail- it is the Bureau of Correction

Provincial
Govt. Municipal or City Jail- BJMP

As to Head of the Institution

Jail Prison

Headed by the Warden Headed by the Superintendent

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TYPES OF JAIL

A. LOCK UP- this is a security facility, usually operated by the police stations, for the
temporary detention of persons for investigation or awaiting preliminary investigation
before the office of the prosecutor.
Note: Detention cell is the police parlance

B. THE ORDINARY JAIL-in most cases, detention prisoners and sentenced prisoners serving
short sentences are detained at the City, Municipal or Provincial Jails.

C. THE WORK HOUSE, JAIL, FARMS OR CAMP- these institutions house the minimum
custody offenders serving short sentences with productive work program.

DETAINEES- prisoners who are undergoing trial and awaiting for final judgment.

The population of Jail and prisons including penal farms and penal colonies are called
INMATES.

Classification of Inmates

1. Sentenced Prisoners- are those who are convicted by final judgment of the crimes in which
they were charged.
2. Detention Prisoners- are those detained for violation of or ordinance and have not been
convicted.
3. Persons held for investigation or safekeeping

Safekeeping-the temporary custody of a person for his own protection or care, to secure from
liability to harm injury or danger.

Classification of Sentenced Prisoners/Categories of Prisoners under P.D. 20

1. National Prisoner-a person who is sentenced to serve a prison term of over (3) years or to
pay a fine of more than P1, 000.00 or both fine or imprisonment.

2. Provincial Prisoner-a person who is sentenced to serve imprisonment for not more than (3)
years or to pay a fine of not more than p1, 000.00.

3. Municipal Prisoner- a person who is sentenced to serve imprisonment for not more than (6)
months.

Prisoner- a person confined in jail to serve a prison sentence after conviction by a competent
court or authority.

Punishment- is the infliction of some sort of pain on the offender for violating the law. It is a
redress that the takes against an offended member.

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 Form of Punishment in Primitive Society

a. Death by hanging, burning, immersing in boiling oil, feeding to the wild animals and other
barbaric ways;

b. Corporal Punishment- by flogging, mutilation, disfiguration, and maiming;

c. Public Humiliation and Shamming (Social Degradation)- by the used of stocks and pillory,
docking tools, branding with hot iron and shaving of hairs for the purpose of appeasing a
social group. It is a Group Vengeance.

JUSTIFICATION OF PUNISHMENT

1. Retribution- Punishment of the offender was carried out in the form of Personal Vengeance.

- It is one of the principal theories of punishment, it affords the society of

individual who was wronged the opportunity of imposing upon the
offender such suitable punishment as might be enforced.

2. Expiation or Atonement- it advocated during the pre-historic age. It is the exaction of

punishment visibly or publicly for the purpose of appeasing of social group. It is a Group
Vengeance.

3. Deterrence- Cesare Becarria, the exponent of Classical Theory contended that punishment is
to prevent others from committing crimes.

-it is based on the principle that the punishment received by convicted offenders
prevents others from performing similar action for fear that they will receive punishment.

4. Protection- people believe that by putting the offender to prison, society is protected for
further degradation of criminals.

5. Reformation- this is the latest justification of punishment. Society can be best protected
from crimes by reforming or rehabilitating the offender. The essential purpose of punishment
is to bring about the moral transportation of the wrong doers that once release from the prison
walls he will become once again a law abiding citizen and useful member of the society.

Significant Events in the History of Correction:

Code of King Hammurabi-(Babylon, about 1900 BC) is usually credited with being the oldest
code prescribing savage punishment (uncivilized punishment), but in fact, Summerian Code was
nearly one hundred years older.

Twelve Tables Wood- (451-450) B.C. Presented the earliest codification of Roman law. The
influence of the Twelve Tables extended to the 6th Century A.D. when they were largely
incorporated into the Justinian Code (629) A.D.

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Burgunian Code- (Originated about 500 AD) specified punishments according to the social
class of offenders, dividing them into nobles, middle and lower classes, and specifying the value
of life of each person in society according to his social status.

Benefit of Clergy- provided an escape from severe punishments as members of the clergy such
as ordained clerks, novices and nuns by subjecting them into the jurisdiction of ecclesiastical
court
- It was a practice where clergymen were exempted from the jurisdiction of the
Secular Court or from arrest or attachment in Criminal cases.

Securing Sanctuary- in 13th century, a criminal could avoid arrest and punishment by claiming
refuge in a Church for period of (40) days.

Ordeal – is the church’s substitute for a trial until 13th century wherein guilt or innocence was
determined by the ability of the accused of being unscathed (uninjured without harm) through
dangerous and painful tests.
Ordeal-the ancient process of substituting trial to determine innocence or guilt.

Imprisonment- in the latter half of the 13th century, under the reign of King Edward I, came into
extensive use in England.

Bridewell System- a term for Houses of Corrections which used for locking up, employing and
whipping beggars, prostitutes and other misfits. These institutions were built around the
acceptance of the value of the regular work and the formulation of habits and industry.

St. Bridget’s Well – England first House of Correction.

Hulks- were abandoned or unusable ships which were converted into prisons as means of
relieving prisons congestion when transportation system was abandoned in England.
- These ships were permanently anchored in rivers
- and harbors and were also known as “Floating Hells”

Cesare Becaria- published his essay “Crime and Punishment” in 1764which was his greatest
contribution to penal law, formulating the philosophy of Classical School.
-Founder of the philosophy of the Classical School.
- Known as the Father of Classical Penology

Jeremy Bentham – further developed the philosophy of Classical School with his Hedonistic
calculus. Both Beccaria and Bentham believed in the doctrine of Free Will.

Panopticon Prison – type of prison conceived by Bentham which would consist of a large
circular building of cast iron and glass containing multi-tiered cells around the periphery. This
was never built due to high cost.

William Penn – the first leader to prescribe imprisonment as a correction treatment for major
offenders.

Two Rival Prison System

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1. Pennsylvania System - the type of prison system known as the separate system because
prisoners were separately confined.
- Devised and used in the Walnut Street Jail in 1790, to place prisoners in solitary
confinement, predecessor to modern prison, used solitude to increase penitence and prevent cross
infection of prisoners, encourage behavioral improvement.
- based on the concept of solitary confinement and rendering labor.

2. Auburn System – the type of prison known as the congregate system because prisoners
could work together in shops, although at night time, they sleep in individual’s cell.

Auburn State Penitentiary – prison constructed in New York in 1816; known for its
creation of tiers, or different levels of custody for different types of offenders , also known for
use of “Striped” clothing for prisoners to distinguish them from the general population if
prisoners escape confinement known for congregate system, wherein offenders could dine in
large eating areas also used solitary confinement , custody levels are medium and maximum.

Auburn System - the early American Penitentiary that introduced prisoners to congregate at
work in shops during the day.

Singsing Prison- it was built by Warden Elan Lyrd. It was the real prison model where the
strict silence was enforced among the inmates that even the movement of their lips would result
them to being beaten and flogged.

Flogging – is the most popular method of corporal punishment in the 18th century.

Irish System – called the Progressive System – where the prisoner was on solitary confinement
for (9) months with reduced diet and monotonous work.

Sir Walter Crofton- introduced the IRISH SYSTEM or Progressive Stage System.
- The Director of Ireland Prison System during 1850’s
- Considered the Father of Parole in various European Countries.

The Elmira Reformatory- forerunner of modern penology

Zebulon R. Brockway - the Superintendent of Elmira Reformatory in New York - The Great
American warden whose prison reforms started the establishment of good conduct time related
programs.

The Walnut Street Jail- it was the predecessor of the Elmira Reformatory whereby the facilities
were provided for developing good citizens through education, athletics, military, vocational and
religious training. The first American Penitentiary.

Manuel Montesinos- Director of Prison of Valencia, Spain in 1835- introduced an academic

class of 1 hour for inmates under 20 years Old.

Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise- opened the Borstal Prisons, considered the best reformatory
institution for youthful offenders.

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Cat-O-Nine Tails- a slash of nine thrones of raw hides attached to a solid handle, used in the
administration of flogging.

James Bennet- Director of Federal Bureau of Prisons who wrote about the closing of Alcatraz
Prison.

Fred T. Wilkinson- last Warden of Alcatraz Prison.

Split Sentence- the imposition of penalties such as imprisonment and fine.

Australia- the place which was a penal colony before it became a country.

Convicted Criminals in England was transported to Australia, a Colony of Great Britain when
transportation was adopted in 1970 to 1875.

Jail is said to have originated in the Medieval-England

Alexander Macanochie - introduced the ticket to leave system.

Henry II, King of Great Britain, ordered that the sheriff on each country shall establish the
Jail. That was why country correctional institution spread to England in 1166.

Imprisonment - the so-called institutional penalty.

The Golden Era of Penology

Penology- the word penology was coined by Dr. Francis Leiber

- It simply means the treatment of criminals.
- It deals with the various means of fighting crimes as regards the penalty
and other measures of security.

Distinction of penology and Penitentiary Science

Penology deals with the various means of fighting crimes as regards to penalties and other
measures of security.
Penitentiary Science- is limit only to the study of penalties of dealing with deprivation of
liberty. This is sometimes called Correction.

Jacques Vilain - Father of Penitentiary Science.

The Golden Age of Penology –the period from 1870 to 1880 was considered the Golden Age of
Penology

The first separate institution for women were established in Indiana and Massachusetts

School of Penology

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1. Classical School – a man is given free will to choose what is good and evil he must be made
to suffer the consequences from committing wrong. Cesare Beccaria’s book “Crimes and
Punishment” was the starting point of the classical School in Criminal Law. It is extended to
others by considering mitigating circumstances.

2. Neo-Classical-it is maintained that while classical school was correct in general, it should be
modified in certain details; since children and lunatics cannot calculate pleasure and pain,
they should no be regarded as criminals or be punished. It is extended to others by
considering mitigating circumstances.

It was the expanded realization that attention should be directed more to the crime and
its causes rather then on the criminal himself. These ideas and principles were exemplified in the
French Code of 1791. This law allowed modifications in the practice of Classical school.

3. Positivist School – it maintained that a crime is natural phenomena. That a man is subdued
or constrained by morbid phenomenon to do wrong even though it is against his volition. It
denied responsibility and reflected and essentially non-punitive reaction to crime and
criminality. The criminal should be punished not imprisonment, but he must be placed in an
institution and be attended by mental experts.

The Positivist Theory or School of Criminology- is otherwise as the Italian School of

Criminology. It was conceptualized by the Italian Surgeon Cesare Beccaria.

His book of Criminology was supplemented by the writings of Enrico Ferri. It is called
positive because it uses the method which brings positive and definite results. Lombroso
espoused the concept that the cause of crime is heredity or the manifestation of some features as
the basis for identifying the future criminal and this was called Criminal Anthropology.

Result of the Lombroso Theory- it greatly underestimated the role of the social factors because
he found the causes of crime in heredity and failed to attempt in explaining crime.

According to Dr. Cesare Lombroso, there are three (3) classes of criminals:

1. Born Criminal -Atavism (a throwback to the primitive)

2. Insane Criminal - Idiot, imbeciles and etc.
3. Criminoloids - suffering from psychological

According to Enrico Ferri, An Italian born in 1856, in his book “Theory of Imputable and the
Denial of Free Will” contributed to emphasize upon the social factors of:
1. Physical Factors- geographical climate and Temperature
2. Anthropological
3. Economic, political, as well as age, sex, education and Religion

Rafaele Garofalo:
- Born in Naples Italy in 1852
- Crime can be understood by means of scientific method

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 - Criminal is not a free moral agent, but it is the product of hid own traits
of his circumstances

Lombroso-emphasized Physical Characteristics

Ferri and Garofalo- Psychological and Social Factors

Two (2) Major Goals of Pnishment:

1. The infliction of deserved suffering one evil doers, And
2. Prevention of crime- in future oriented

Charles Goring- An Englishmen who made a comparative study between the Classical and
Positivist Theories. His conclusion was that there was no anthropologic criminal type and
demolished the Positivist Theory of Lombroso.

The Judean Theory-Christian Theory-this theory followed the seculiar system. The fullest
development of this theory was the death of Jesus Christ in 30 A.D. This theory of expiation
believes that punishment has a redemptive purpose of repelling sin advocated the devil.

Canonical Courts- a system of trial and punishment established in (4) A.D. which was due to
rivalry between the church and the state in punishing the criminals. Such theory of punishment is
reformatory in character.

Community Based Treatment- it includes all correctional activities that take place in the
community. It has programs embracing any offender an aimed at helping him to become law-
abiding citizens.

Corrections- the fourth pillar in the

Criminal Justice System

Two Systems based approaches on Corrections:

1. Institutional Corrections- sentenced offenders are treated while inside the Prison
Institution.

2. Non-Institutional Corrections- refers to the method of correcting sentenced offenders

without having to go to prison.

Note: Both Systems are being implemented on a fragmentary basis by three department of the
executive branch of the government:

a. DOJ –takes care of the National Prisoners

b. DILG – takes care the Municipal, City, and Provincial Prisoners.
c. DSWD-takes care of sentenced youthful offenders

Under DOJ are the Following:

1. BUCOR- responsible for the rehabilitation of National Prisoners;

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 2. BPP- recommend to the President who are qualified for Parole, Pardon and other
form of Executive Clemency;
3. PPA- exercise the general supervision over all Parolees and probationers outside the
prison Institution.

The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology(BJMP)

BJMP also known as the Jail Bureau was created as a distinct and separate line Bureau by virtue
of R.A. 6975

R.A. 6975 otherwise known as the DILG Act 1990

DILG Act of 1990 which was approved by Pres. Corazon C. Aquino on December 1990.

The Jail Bureau has the following broad objectives:

1. To improve the living conditions of offenders in accordance with the accepted

standards set by the United Nations;
2. To enhance rehabilitation and reformation of offenders in preparation for their
eventual reintegration into the mainstream upon the release;
3. Professionalization of services

To professionalism Jail Services. BJMP Core values:

1. Commitment
2. Competency/Efficiency
3. Teamwork/unity/cooperation; and
4. Self-discipline

BJMP Core Competence:

Jail Bureau advocates and propagates the following core competencies:
1. quality and continues improvement
2. technical knowledge
3. decision making
4. service, focus and responsiveness, and
5. execution

The (3) three ranking of the BJMP shall be:

1. Chief, BJMP
2. Deputy Chief, BJMP
3. Chief of Staff, BJMP

The six (6) Directional Staff shall be:

1. Directorate for Personnel

2. Directorate for Operation
3. Director for Logistics
4. Director for Comptrollership
5. Director for Research Plans and Programs

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 6. Director for Inspection and Investigation

The six (6) Special Staff Group shall be with the present Chief of each Office:

1. General Service Unit

2. Health Services Unit
3. Chaplain Service Unit
4. Supplies and Accountabilities Unit
5. Finance Service Unit
6. Hearing Office Unit

The Personal Staff Group shall be:

1. Inspectorate Office
2. Community Relation Office
3. Legal Office
4. Internal Audit Office

Fundamental Rights of the Detainees

The 1987 Constitution guarantees citizens fundamental rights that cannot be abridged nor
curtailed even when someone is accused and presently confined in a jail.

Under the Miranda Doctrine, a person under arrest or investigation shall be apprised of
his rights otherwise; whatever of the outcome of the arrest or investigation is not admissible in
court. Some of these rights are:

1. To be informed of the effects of the voluntary submission in custodial interrogation;

2. To be entitled to a lawyer in making any statement;
3. Subject must be informed that all statement he makes in the custodial interrogation
may be used against him in any court of law;
4. Subject must be informed that voluntary submitting himself to custodial
investigation will waive all his rights under the 1987 Constitution and under R.A.
7438;
5. Rights against self incrimination;
6. Right to remain silent;
7. Right against threat, intimidation, torture, force, violence, or any other means that
vitiate the free will;
8. Secret detention places, safe houses, solitary confinement, or other similar forms of
detention;
9. To be arrested only on the basis of Warrant of Arrest issued by the court, unless
subject is actually committing or is about to commit a crime, a fugitive of the law, or
the right to privacy which prohibits raids on homes without a search warrant;

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 10. To informed of the charge against him;
11. To be visited by members of his immediate family;
12. To be release immediately if no charges will have filed for not more than (12) hours
for light offenses. Eighteen (18) hours for offenses punishable by prison
correctional, thirty-six (36) hours for heavier penalty, right to be immediately
released upon judicial or excessive order.
13. Right to due process;
14. To be heard;
15. To be presumed innocent until proven guilty;
16. To bail, if the crime charged is bailable;
17. To a speedy, impartial and public trial;
18. Right against cruel and unusual punishment;
19. Right against double jeopardy.

What are the legal grounds in detaining a person?

1. Commission on crime
2. Violent insanity or any other ailment requiring compulsory confinement in hospital.

Reasons for committing a person in Jail:

1. To serve a sentence after conviction

2. While on trial
3. While under investigation

Aims of the Institutional Custody:

1. Prevent of escape
2. Control of contraband
3. Maintenance of good order

Under DILG are:

1. BJMP-takes of district, City and Municipal Jails.

- It was created Pursuant to R. A. 6975
- signed on December 13, 1990 approved by the President Corazon C.
Aquino;

2. Provincial LGU control the Provincial Jail-

Provincial Jail System was first established in 1910;
3. DSWD- operates the Regional Rehabilitation Center which are located in (13) Regions.

Ideal Segregation- the grouping of prisoners by way of classification should be segregated from
which grouped and housed in different buildings of confinement.

Purpose of Segregation:

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-To prevent or physical contamination of one group by another and to prevent unnecessary
custodial risk.

Distinctions of Diversification and Classification:

Diversification-is an administrative device of correctional institutions of providing varied and

flexible types of physical plant for the more effective control or the treatment programs of its
diversified population.
- It deals with the separation of inmate according to age, sex, medical or mental condition
and degree of custody.

Classification – is a method by which diagnosis, treatment planning, and execution of treatment

program are coordinated in the individual case. It is the process for the determining the needs
and requirements of those for whom correction has been ordered and assigning them to programs
according to their need and existing resources.

- Deals with the best program to be adopted for the rehabilitation of inmates.

Diversification by Classification as basis for segregation:

a. Diversification by age;
b. Diversification by sex;
c. Diversification by degree of custody.

Classification Board shall be tasked with the gathering and collecting of information and other
data of every inmate into a case study to determine the work assignment, the type of supervision
and degree of custody and restriction under which an inmate must live in jail, and will see to it
that the program planed for the inmate is followed.

Classification of Prisoners according to the Degree of Custody:

1. Super Security of Prisoners – special group of prisoners composed of incorrigibles

and dangerous persons who are so difficult to manage that they are sources of
constant disturbance even in the maximum security institution.

2. Maximum Security of Prisoners- this group consists of chronic troublemakers but

not as dangerous as the Super Security of Prisoners.

3. Medium Security of Prisoners- these are prisoners who may be allowed to work
outside the fence of the institution under guard escorts. They should not be trusted in
open conditions and who pose lesser danger to society if they escape.

4. Minimum Security of Prisoners- this group belongs the prisoners who can already
be trusted to report to their places of work assignment without the presence of guards.
They are free to move around, subject only to curfew hours during night time.

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 Admission Procedures in Prison:

1. Receiving
2. Checking of Commitment Paper
3. Establishing identity of prisoners
4. Searching the prisoners
5. Assignment of quarters

Reception and Diagnostic Center –this is the office where newly arrived prisoner is processed
and evaluated.

Reception Procedures:

The following procedures should be observed:

1. The Jail Desk Officer shall carefully check the credentials of the person(s) bringing in the
inmate to determine his/their identity and authority;
-He shall examine carefully the arrest report and the authenticity of the commitment or
mittimus order to determine whether the inmate has been committed under legal authority as
provided for Sec. 3, Rule X111, and Rules of Court.

2. The Admitting Officer or Jailer shall search carefully the inmate for weapons and other
contraband;
- take all cash and other personal property from the inmates or detainee, list them down
all the receipt form in duplicate, duly signed by him and countersigned by the inmate.

3. All cash and other valuables of the prisoner must be turned over to the Trust Officer or
Property Custodian for safekeeping covered with official receipt;

4. The inmate shall then be fingerprinted and photograph Taken;

5. The Admitting Officer or Jailer shall accomplish a Jail Booking Report in four copies,
attaching thereto the photograph of the inmate to be distributed as follows:
a. BJMP Central Office
b. Regional Office
c. Provincial Administrator’s Office
d. Jail File

6. The newly admitted inmate shall thoroughly strip- search followed by careful examination of
his clothing for contraband;

7. The Jail Physician or the Health Officer shall immediately conduct a thorough medical
examination of the offender;

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8. When it is not possible for the Jail Physician to be attendance during the admission of the
inmate, the receiving officer shall observe the mental alertness, overall appearance and any
physical abnormalities or appearance of rashes or scratches or other identifying marks of the
individual and note them down in the inmate’s booking report. The inmate observed to be
suffering from any contagious disease should immediately be isolated.
9. A medical record shall be accomplished by the Jail Physician or Local Health Officer showing
the condition of the inmate or detainee at the time of admission and to include, if possible his
medical history.
10. A social case study shall be made by a Social Worker as basis for inmate’s classification and
proper segregation;
11. The sentenced prisoner shall be provided with jail clothing. His personal clothing should be
receipted, cleaned and stored safely until his release. The detainee for his own safety, may be
allowed to wear civilian clothes.

12. As soon as possible, the inmate should be briefed or oriented on the Jail rules and
Regulations.
13. The Warden shall establish and maintain a prison record of all information concerning
the inmates;
14. Upon the completion of the reception procedures, the inmate shall be assigned to his
quarters;
15. If available, the inmate should be issued all the materials that he will be using during his
confinement;
16. A Jail may be used for the safekeeping of any fugitive from justice from any province,
and the Warden shall in such case be entitled to receive the same compensation for the
support and custody and such fugitive from justice as is provided for other inmates, to be
paid by other officer demanding the custody of the prisoner, he shall be reimbursed for
such outlay as part of the cost of the prosecution.
17. Detainee is presumed innocent and shall be treated as such. If possible he shall be segregated
from convicted prisoners
18. The inmates signed “Agreement” to abide the rules and regulation in prison;
19. The Warden shall submit the “Agreement or Certification” to the proper court as part of the
records of the case;
20. Full credit of the preventive imprisonment shall commence from the date of the
Agreement.

Quarantine or Cell:
- It is a unit or cell in the prison or jail or a section of the Reception
Diagnostic Center (RDC) where the prisoners are given trough physical
examination including blood test, x-rays, inoculation and vaccination
for the purpose of insuring that the prisoner is not suffering from any
contagious disease which might be transferred to other prisoners.

Custody and Control of Prisoner-these are the most important phases in prison management.

Counting of Prisoners- the head count should be made FOUR times a day, or oftener, especially
during the change of shifts of the guards.

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See flesh and Hear Voices - in counting of prisoners during night time, the guard should “see
flesh and hear Voices” before recording the prisoner as present.

Contraband - anything that is contrary to prison rules and regulations.

Instrument of Restraint-mechanical device or contraband tool or implement used to hold back

keep in check or under control. Ex. Handcuff, straight jacket and leg iron.

This instrument of restraint shall not be applied as punishment, except:

A. As a precaution against escape during transfer;

B. On medical grounds as directed by the medical officer; and
C. By order of the Superintendent if other means of control failed, in order to prevent the
prisoner from injuring himself or others, or from damaging properties. But in some
instances, the Superintendent must consult the medical officer immediately.

Straight Jacket – an outer covering or coat designed to be fastened about the body for purpose
of restricting the movement of a boisterous or unruly person.

Correctional Institutions

a. Under the Dept. Justice (DOJ):

1. Bureau of Correction (BUCOR)
a. Municipal, City, and District Jails

2. Provincial Jails –Administered by the respective

Provincial Governors

Establishment of Prison in the Philippines

The Custodial Branches:

1. New Bilibid Prison- established in 1847 in Manila but transferred to Muntinlupa in 1936. It
has two satellite units, namely:
a. Bukangliwayway Camp for minimum security prisoners
b. Sampaguita Camp. Where RDC is located. It is where medium security of
prisoners is housed.
1847- The year when the first Bilibid Prison was constructed and became the central place of
confinement for Filipino prisoners by virtue of the Royal Decree of the Spanish crown.

May Haligue Estate- the very place where the first Bilibid Prison was constructed.

2. Correctional Institute for Women- established in November 27, 1929, in Mandaluyong,

Rizal now Madaluyong City.
- It was established under the authority of R.A. 3579 passed on Nov. 27, 1929
-Area of (18) hectares

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 -Courses offered is dressmaking, beauty culture, handicraft, cloth weaving and
sleeper making.

Correctional Institute for Women (CIW) –the penal institution where all female prisoners
with maximum sentence of (3) years or more are confined.

3. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm- established in Sta. Lucia, Palawan in November 1904;
-An institution for incorrigibles envisioned by
Governor Forbes
-Nov. 1, 1905-prisoners revolted against authorities.
- The Philippine Commission under the authority of R.A. 1407-charged
the policy to a colony for well-behaved and declared tractable prisoners
- it was from this facility that the term “Prison without Walls” has its
beginning
- Area of 36,000 hectares. Divided into (4) sub-colonies: Sta. Lucia,
Inawagan, Montible and Central
- Products: Poultry and livestock’s; rice logs, copra, minor forest
products and cattle
- Tagumpay settlement –this 1,000 hectares’ land is distributed to release
inmates who wish to settle for good in Palawan. Each release prisoners’
awardees are given a (6) hectares farm lots as homestead

-Iwahig Penal Colony – enjoys the reputation of being the best open institution over the World.
Only mutual trust and confidence between the wards and the prison authorities keep them
together, there being no walls.

4. Davao Prison Penal Farm- established on January 21, 1932 in Davao City.
-Founder Paulino Santos
-Area (18) hectares
-1943-this colony was used as a concentration camp for American prisoner of war
-The largest source of revenue for BP producing abaca, banana, rice, copra, cattle, and
other farm products
-The biggest abaca plantation in the country and major banana products
- Two sub-colonies: Panabo and Kapalong
- Anglaw settlement for released prisoners who wish to remain in Davao
as home steaders

5. Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm- established on September 24, 1954 in Sablayan
Occidental Mindoro under Proclamation no. 72
- Area of 16,000 hectares
- Products: Rice and vegetables

6. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm- established in

August 21, 1869 in San Ramon, Zamboanga Del Sur; founded by Spanish Capt.
Ramon Blanco with 1, 546 hectares. This originally intended for MORO Insurrections.
- It is the oldest existing facility for National Prisoners in the country.

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7. Leyte Regional Prisons- established on January 16, 1973 during the Martial Law period
with the aim of reorganizing prisons throughout the country the country. It was established
in Leyte.

Note: The seven (7) prisons and penal farms are managed by Prison Superintendents under the
administrative control and supervision of the Bureau of Corrections which is the agency of the
Department of Justice and is being headed by a Secretary.

- Only the New Bilibid Prison and the Correction Institute for Women confined death
convicts.
The Bureau of Corrections

The following documents are the contents of “carpeta” and which are required to be presented
to the BUCOR for sentenced national prisoner to be admitted for confinement at its facilities:
1. Pre-Parole Report/Pre-Parole Questionnaire/Pre-
Executive Clemency Report
2. Prison record
3. Mittimus/Commitment Order of the Court
Mittimus is a warrant issued by the court bearing its and the signature of a judge,
directing the Jail nor prison authorities to receive inmates for custody or service of
sentence imposed therein.
4. Fiscals Information and Court Decision
5. Certification of Detention, if any; and
6. Certification that the case is not on appeal, or it appealed (Decision of the Appellate
Court)
7. Certification from the Warden-if a national prisoner, the reasons he continued
confinement thereat;
8. Detainees Manifestation (R.A. 6127)
9. In estafa, swindling and Illegal Recruitment cases, the certification that the inmate has
no pending cases.

Classification Board composed of the following:

Chairman: Assistant Warden

Members: Chief, Security Officer
Medical Officer
Chaplain
Social Worker/Rehabilitation Officer

Inmates of the BUCOR are classified according to the following:

1. Detainee- those whose cases are or have other pending cases;

2. Third Class Inmates- those who have been previously committed as a sentenced
prisoner for three times or more except cases involving from the higher class;
3. Second Class Inmate-newly arrived inmates committed from the first time, or
demoted from lower class;

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 4. First Class Inmate- one whose known character and credit for work while still in
detention earned classification to this class, or one who was promoted from lower
class;
5. Colonist- a classified first class inmate for at least one year immediately preceding
his classification as such, and has served with good conduct, at least 1/5 of his
maximum sentence, or has served (7) years in case of life sentence.

A colonist is entitled to the following privileges:

1. Additional (5) days of GCTA for each calendar

Month;
2. Automatic deduction to (30) years if sentence is life imprisonment
3. To bring his family or the woman he will marry to live with him
4. Reasonable amount of clothing and ordinary household supplies from the
government commissary as special reward to deserving colonist; and
5. To wear civilian clothes on such special occasions as may be designated by the
Superintendent.

Through their freedoms have been curtailed due to their confinement , inmates still retain
rights guaranteed under the law. These rights are:

1. To receive compensation for labor he performed;

2. To be deducted GCTA from sentence as long as there are no infractions warranting
non-deduction under the law;
3. To send and to receive correspondence;
4. To practice his faith or religion;
5. To receive authorized visitors on the designated time and place;
6. To air grievances through proper channels;
7. To receive death benefits and pecuniary aid for injuries by preventing riots or jail
breaks.

Good Conduct time Allowance (GCTA) - is a deduction from a prisoner’s sentence as provided
in Art. 97 of the revised Penal Code for good conduct in any penal institution.

Good Conduct entitles the inmates to the following deduction from his sentence :

1. In the first two years of incarceration, (5) days deduction of each month;
2. From the 3rd to 5th year, (8) days each month
3. From 6th to 10th years, (10) days each month
4. Eleven (11) years up, (15) days deduction for each month of good behavior.

GCTA also granted to detainee to be deducted from his sentence if convicted provided that
voluntarily offers to perform labor as may be assigned to him.

An inmate whose sentence is life imprisonment but is on appeal is not entitled to GCTA

GCTA cannot be revoked without a just cause may be restored at the discretion of the Director
of BUCOR upon the recommendation of the Superintendent.

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Disciplinary Board- shall organized and maintained by
Jails for the purpose of hearing disciplinary cases involving any offender who violates
Jail Rules and Regulations.

Disciplinary Board are composed of the following:

Chairman- Assistant Warden

Members: Chief, Security Officer
Medical Officer
Social Worker

The Disciplinary Board is tasked to investigate the facts of the alleged misconduct
referred to it by the Warden. It shall hold sessions as often as necessary in the room,
which may be provided for the purpose. All cases referred to it shall be heard and decided
within (48) hours from the date or receipt of the case.

The Board is authorized to impose any of the following disciplinary punishment:

1. Reprimand
2. Temporary or Permanent cancellation of some or recreational privileges;
3. Cancellation of visiting privileges
4. Extra fatigue duty; and
5. Close confinement in a cell, which shall not exceed (7) days

Inmates are prohibited from committing any of the following:

1. minor offense
2. Less Grave Offenses, and
3. Grave Offenses

Treatment of Special Needs or Unusual Offenders:

As a general rule, special/unusual inmates should not be held in jail with other offenders.
Proper segregation of inmates should be done.

The following special methods are required in handling special needs unusual inmates:
1. Female 7. Suicide risk-offenders
2. drug addicts 8. Handicapped, aged and infirm
3. alcoholic 9. Children in conflict with the
4. mental ill law
5. sex deviants 10. Alien inmates
6. Escape- prone prisoner- a prisoner having natural inclination or tendency to evade
custody against the will of the custodian or from the place where he is lawful custody
or confine.

Treatment shall be focused on the services designed to encourage them to return to the fold of
justice and enhance their self-respect, dignity and sense of responsibility as follows:

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 1. Provisions for basic needs of inmates;
2. Medical and Dental Service;
3. Education and Skill Training;
4. Religious service, guidance and counseling service;
5. Recreation, sports and entertainment;
6. Work programs such as livelihood projects
7. Visitation service, and
8. Mail services

When prisoner can can released?

1. After service of sentenced

2. Upon order of the court
3. When on Parole
4. When on Pardon
5. Amnesty
6. Any lawful order of competent authority

Note: Prisoner shall not be release on a mere verbal order or by telephone.

- Prisoner to be release by reasons of acquittal or dismissal of a case,
payment of fines, or indemnity or after filing of the bond shall only be
released upon receipt of the release order duly signed by the judge or
the clerk of court.
- The court order shall bear the full name of the prisoner, the crime
charged, the criminal case number, and such other details that will
enable the officer in-charge to identify properly the prisoner to be
release.

Steps/Procedures Prior to Release:

1. Securing/presentation of Release Order together with the judgement of the

court;
2. Inmate shall be properly identified to ensure that he is the same person received
to be release;
3. Processing of documents presented:
a. Verification of the authenticity of the
Release Order from the court;
b. Verification of the document submitted to the jail prior to the admission if
there are still under pending cases;
c. If the offender has other pending cases such offender shall not be released.
4. If the offender has no more pending case:
a. The BJMP Releasing Order shall prepare a Discharge Order to be signed y
the offenders by the offenders himself;
b. The same shall be forwarded to the Chief, Records Officer approved of the
warden.
5. The Warden shall issue the released inmate a Certificate of Discharge from Jail.

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Fort Santiago in Manila- the oldest prison in the Philippines

R.A. 7659 –Re-imposition of death penalty in Heinous

Crimes

Leo Echegaray- the first death convict executed by lethal injection. Echegaray was found guilty
of raping his step daughter.

Mental Derangement is the reason why the delay in the release of prisoner.

Pre-release is the program specifically designed for the prisoner in order to give him an
opportunity to adapt from life in prison to the life in free community.

30 days – the number of days of a prisoner is brought to release quarters prior to release.

Article 70 of the Revised Penal Code, provides that in applying its provisions the duration of
service of sentence of a life former should be 30 years.

10 Paces (measure by steps) the distance that a prison guards must maintain in guarding a
working party prisoners.

Negative Discipline- is that kind of prison discipline applied after an offense has been
committed, in the same way that many cases of punishment do not deter.

Under Section 26 of the new Administrative of 1987, the name of the Bureau of Prisons was
change to Bureau of Corrections in 1989, to emphasize the rehabilitation as the primary goal.

Elecric Chair – was acquired by the New Bilibid Prison from United States manufactured by
CARR AND SHULTZ Company, it arrived on Dec. 17, 1923 in Manila on board SS ELKTON.

Juan Bucoy- first executed in the electric chair.

NACOCOW- National Correction Consciousness Week

- by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 551, dated March 15, 1995.
- Held every last week of October

Article 191 of P.D. 603- provides that CICL should not be mixed with adult inmates.

KONTRA BALUKOL CAMPAIGN –devise to delineate stringent measures that would

address the concern of the Moral Recovery Program. Such is directed towards Jail Personnel
who engages in illegal activities for financial gain I exchange for favors.

OPLAN KONTRA BALUKOL- aims to purge the Bureau’s Rank and file misfits, particularly
those who extort money from inmates and visitors.

Note: The analysis of the criminal case of an inmate does not cover only the time he or she
was committed to the Jail but starting from the date of arrest.

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OPERATIONAL CAPACITY-is total number of inmates that can be accommodated based on
the size of a facility’s staff, programs, and other services.

DESIGN CAPACITY- is the optimum number of inmates that architects originally intended to
be housed or accommodated by the facility.

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