DON BOSCO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Date: 09/01/2023
MICROPROCESSOR LAB
EXPERIMENT 1
NAME : Srushti Shete
CLASS : SE/IT
ROLL NO : 60

AIM : Study of Logic gates

 DON BOSCO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

MICROPROCESSOR LAB
Date: 16/01/2023

EXPERIMENT 2
Name : Srushti Shete
Class: SE IT
Roll No. : 60

Aim: To verify De Morgan's theorem using Logisim.

Theory-:

1. The complement of the product of all terms is equal to the sum of complements of each term.
(A.B)' = A'+B'

Inputs Output

A B A.B (A.B)' A' B' A'+B'

0 0 0 1 1 1 1

0 1 0 1 1 0 1

1 0 0 1 0 1 1

1 1 1 0 0 0 0
 2. The complement of the sum of all the terms is equal to the product of the complements of
each term.

(A+B)' = A'.B'

Inputs Output For Each Term

A B A+B (A+B)' A' B' A'.B'

0 0 0 1 1 1 1

0 1 1 0 1 0 0

1 0 1 0 0 1 0

1 1 1 0 0 0 0
 DON BOSCO INSITITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

NAME: Srushti Shete

CLASS: SE/IT
ROLL NO: 60

AIM: To impress 8:1 mux using 4:1 mux

To impress 1:8 demux using 1:2 demux

To impress 8:1 mux using 4:1 mux

To impress 1:8 demux using 1:2 demux

 DON BOSCO INSITITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

EXPERIMENT NO 4

NAME: Srushti Shete

CLASS: SE/IT
ROLL NO: 60

AIM: To study the truth table of Full adder

Tool used: Logisim

Draw the diagram and write the truth table of full adder
 DON BOSCO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Date: 07/02/2023
MICROPROCESSOR LAB
EXPERIMENT 4

NAME : Srushti Shete

CLASS : SE IT
ROLL NO : 60

AIM : Study of PC mother board

THEORY :

Q.1] Study of PC Motherboard Technology (South Bridge and North Bridge).

The motherboard serves as a single platform to connect all of the parts of a computer together.
It can be considered as the backbone of the computer.
It connects the CPU, Memory, Hard drives, Optical drives, Video card, Sound card, and other
parts. It also connects Expansion cards directly or via cables.

1. North Bridge:
North bridge is also called as Host Bridge. The north bridge is directly connected to the Central
Processing Unit (CPU) for processing tasks that need the highest performance. These chip sets
act as a medium for communication between the CPU and parts of motherboard thereby,
Memory Controller Hub, being the other name for North Bridge.

Features:
• A north bridge communicates with processor via Front Side Bus or FSB for short.
• It controls the interaction with motherboard parts such as Accelerated Graphics Port
(AGP), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), and other crucial parts.
Advantages:
• Easy communication is being established between parts of motherboard via North
Bridge.
• Faster data transfer due to easy communication access.

2. South Bridge:
The motherboard has a logical chip set compromising of two chips namely North and South
bridge. It is named South bridge as it sits in the South direction of Peripheral Component
Interconnect or PCI bus of motherboard.
Unlike North bridge, this chip is not directly connected to the CPU. North bridge acts as a
medium of communication between South bridge and Central Processing Unit. South bridge
controls all the Input and Output activities via CPU. Thereby it is also named as I/O Controller
Hub as it acts as a hub for all the I/O processing and functionalities.

Features :
The South bridge supports various components of a motherboard such as:
1. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) –
 South bridge supports the old and new versions of PCI bus as well.

2. PATA and SATA –

PATA and SATA are known to store and transfer chunks of data via CPU. These buses
are responsible for connecting hard drives and this is only possible via South bridge.

3. Clock –
It provides a time quantum for each process and checks whether every process gets the
time limit for execution or not.

4. Power Management –
Controls the power and uses whenever necessary otherwise the power is saved for
further uses.

Advantages:

• Many of the input and output processing can be simultaneously controlled via South
bridge making it a huge advantage.
• Without this bridge, the IO controlling would not be possible.

Qn.2} Internal Components and Connections used in computer system.

A computer is any machine that can be programmed to carry out a set of algorithms and arithmetic
instructions.

5 parts of a computer
Whether it's a gaming system or a home PC, the five main components that make up a typical, present-day
computer include:
• A motherboard
• A Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), also known as a video card
• Random Access Memory (RAM), also known as volatile memory
• Storage: Solid State Drive (SSD) or Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

1. Motherboard
All components of a computer communicate through a circuit board called the motherboard.
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The CPU is often called the "brain" of a computer, thanks to its direct plug connection to the motherboard,
and communication with all of the computer’s other components.

3. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

It's not uncommon to hear gamers obsess over the next new graphics card, as these graphic cards make it
possible for computers to generate high-end visuals like those found in the many different types of video
games.

4. Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM, also known as volatile memory, stores data regarding frequently accessed programs and processes.
(It's called volatile memory because it gets erased every time the computer restarts.)

5. Storage
All computers need somewhere to store their data. Modern computers either use a Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
or Solid State Drive (SSD).
 Don Bosco Institute of Technology
Department of Information Technology
Semester 4
Practical no. 5

Name: Srushti Shete

Roll No: 60
Class: SE IT
 DON BOSCO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
MICROPROCESSOR LAB
EXPERIMENT 6
Name: Srushti Shete
Class: SE IT
Roll No. : 60

Aim: To verify De Morgan's theorem using Logisim.

Theory-:
1. The complement of the product of all terms is equal to the sum of complements of each term.
(A.B)' = A'+B'
 Don Bosco Institute of Technology
Department of Information Technology

Class: SE
Name: Srushti Shete
Roll No: 60

Aim: Write a program to calculate the number of zeros and ones in an 8 bit number

Theory:-
Describe with examples
• Any 5 logic instructions of 8086

SHR Used to shift bits of a byte/word towards the right and put zero(S) in MSBs.
SHL/SAL Used to shift bits of a byte/word towards left and put zero(S) in LSBs.
Used to rotate bits of byte/word towards the right, i.e. LSB to MSB and to Carry
ROR
Flag [CF].
Used to rotate bits of byte/word towards the left, i.e. MSB to LSB and to Carry
ROL
Flag [CF].
RCR Used to rotate bits of byte/word towards the right, i.e. LSB to CF and CF to MSB.
RCL Used to rotate bits of byte/word towards the left, i.e. MSB to CF and CF to LSB.

• Any 5 branch control instructions of 8086

JMP : Conditional jump

INTO : Interrupt in overflow
IRET : Return from stack
RET : Return from procedure

Output
 Don Bosco Institute of Technology
Department of Information Technology
Class:SE
Semester 4

Name: Srushti Shete

Roll No: 60

Aim: Write a program to find the largest and smallest number out of 5 numbers. Output screenshots of the program
Theory

Describe with examples

Any 5 string instructions of 8086

Opcode Operand Description

REP Instruction Used to repeat the given

instruction till CX ≠ 0.

REPE/REPZ Instruction Used to repeat the given

instruction until CX = 0 or
zero flag ZF = 1.

REPNE/REPNZ Instruction Used to repeat the given

instruction until CX = 0 or
zero flag ZF = 1.
 MOVS/MOVSB/MOVSW ---- Used to move the byte/word
from one string to another.

COMS/COMPSB/COMPSW ---- Used to compare two string

bytes/words.

Any 5 instructions which have implied addressing mode

• Immediate Addressing
The addressing mode in which the data operand is a part of the instruction itself is
known as immediate addressing mode.

MOV CX, 4929 H, ADD AX, 2387 H, MOV AL, FFH

• Register Addressing
It means that the register is the source of an operand for an instruction.

MOV CX, AX; copies the contents of the 16-bit AX register into
; the 16-bit CX register),
ADD BX, AX

• Direct Addressing
The addressing mode in which the effective address of the memory location is written
directly in the instruction.

MOV AX, [1592H], MOV AL, [0300H]

 • Based Addressing
In this addressing mode, the offset address of the operand is given by the sum of
contents of the BX/BP registers and 8-bit/16-bit displacement.

M OV DX, [BX+04], ADD CL, [BX+08]

• Indexed Addressing
In this addressing mode, the operands offset address is found by adding the contents of
SI or DI register and 8-bit/16-bit displacements.

MOV BX, [SI+16], ADD AL, [DI+16]

 DON BOSCO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGYMICROPROCESSOR LAB
EXPERIMENT 9

Name: Srushti Shete

Class: SE IT
Roll No. : 60

Aim: LED Display Test

Theory-:

Instructions for input and output port transfer

• IN − Used to read a byte or word from the provided port to the accumulator.

• OUT − Used to send out a byte or word from the accumulator to the provided port.
 DON BOSCO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGYMICROPROCESSOR LAB
EXPERIMENT 10
Name: Srushti Shete
Class: SE IT
Roll No. : 60

Aim: Factorial

Theory-:

Macro :
Macro is a set of instruction and the programmer can use it anywhere in the program by using its name. It is
mainly used to achieve modular programming. So same set of instructions can be used multiple times when
ever required by the help of macro. Wherever macro’s identifier is used, it is replaced by the actual defined
instructions during compilation thereby no calling and return occurs.
Syntax of macro :
%macro macro_name number_of_parameters
<macro body>
%endmacro

Procedures :
Procedures or subroutines are very important in assembly language, as the assembly language programs
tend to be large in size. Procedures are identified by a name. Following this name, the body of the
procedure is described which performs a well-defined job. End of the procedure is indicated by a return
statement.

Syntax
proc_name:
procedure body
...
ret
The procedure is called from another function by using the CALL instruction. The CALL instruction should
have the name of the called procedure as an argument as shown below −

CALL proc_name
The called procedure returns the control to the calling procedure by using the RET instruction.