Lesson 7

People of the Promise: Kingdom Divided

Jehoshaphat’s Reign
in Judah
2 Chronicles 17:1–21:3

Lesson Questions
First Day: Read Lesson 6 Notes.
The notes and lecture fortify the truth of the passage for understanding and application to daily life.

1. How did the lecture prepare or equip you for something you faced this week? What did you learn?

2. What from the notes led you to examine your own heart, motives, and actions before God?

Second Day: Read 2 Chronicles 17–19.

Jehoshaphat strengthened Judah with needed reforms.

3. a. From chapter 17, what specific steps did Jehoshaphat take to strengthen Judah practically
and spiritually?

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with their personal BSF class studies. It may not be otherwise reproduced without BSF’s written permission.)
 b. How did God bless and establish Jehoshaphat’s rule?

4. Last week’s lesson focused on Ahab in his alliance with Jehoshaphat. From chapter 18, think
about how that alliance impacted Jehoshaphat.

a. What risks did Jehoshaphat take in this alliance?

b. Despite his unwise decision to join Ahab in battle, how did God protect Jehoshaphat and
show him mercy? (See also 2 Chronicles 19:1-3.)

c. Has there been a time when you made an unwise decision? How did God show His grace to you?

5. a. How did Jehoshaphat challenge the judges appointed in Judah?

b. What lessons from Jehoshaphat’s words to the judges could you apply to your life?

Third Day: Read 2 Chronicles 20:1-13.

Jehoshaphat and Judah faced an overwhelming crisis.

6. Describe the troubling situation facing the people of Judah.

7. a. Name the specific ways Jehoshaphat responded to this crisis.

b. What is your immediate response when you face unexpected calamity?

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8. What stands out to you in Jehoshaphat’s prayer before the people?

9. Describe a situation you are facing where you do not know what to do. How can you intentionally
seek God?

Fourth Day: Read 2 Chronicles 20:14-30.

Jehoshaphat led Judah into battle, depending on God for deliverance.

10. How did God answer Jehoshaphat’s prayer?

11. Name the truths about God that are exposed in the words of the prophet Jahaziel.

12. a. What do you learn from the way Jehoshaphat and Judah went into the battle?

b. How can you thank and praise God now, even in the middle of a challenge that has not yet
been resolved?

Fifth Day: Read 2 Chronicles 20:31–21:3.

Jehoshaphat’s reign ended, and he was succeeded by his son Jehoram.

13. a. Was God’s intervention in Jehoshaphat’s ship-building alliance corrective, protective, or both?

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 b. In what situation has God intervened to redirect you away from danger or harm?

14. Give several lessons that you can learn from the life and reign of Jehoshaphat.

Sixth Day: Review 2 Chronicles 17:1–21:3.

Seeking God is the only way to have true security.

15. “We do not know what to do, but our eyes are on you.” How does Jehoshaphat’s prayer help you
this week?

Passage Discovery (homiletics, word study, etc.) for Group and Administrative Leaders: 2 Chronicles
17:1–21:3

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Lecture Notes

Next step: Read Lesson Notes.

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 Lesson Notes
2 Chronicles 17:1–21:3

Focus Verse
“Our God, will you not judge them? For we have no power to face this vast army that is attacking
us. We do not know what to do, but our eyes are on you.” – 2 Chronicles 20:12

Outline
● Jehoshaphat’s Leadership – 2 Chronicles 17:1–20:30
● Jehoshaphat’s Legacy – 2 Chronicles 20:31–21:3

Engage
As humans, we long to feel safe, settled, and secure. Despite this strong desire, so much in life
seems uncertain. Even the little bit we think we have figured out can change quickly. Relationships,
finances, world events, and so many things constantly shake our sense of equilibrium. Both
unforeseen and expected life changes throw us off-balance. What do we do with a world that
constantly shifts under our feet? Where do we look to find the stability and hope we need?

Judah’s King Jehoshaphat was not a perfect king, but he led his kingdom well in many ways. We
can learn something very important from this king. In a moment of crisis, Jehoshaphat turned
to God. His honest confession, “We do not know what to do” accurately captures our frequent
reality. What situation do you face today that requires a solution you do not have? Jehoshaphat
did not know what to do, but he did know where to look for the answer. He declared to God, “our
eyes are on you.” He knew that God alone ruled heaven and earth and had the power to deliver
his people from their enemy. There is but one place where we can receive what we truly need to
navigate life and prepare for eternity. Seeking God is the only way to have true security. This
world offers many options that promise the security we long for. Only God has what we need.

Jehoshaphat’s Leadership – 2 Chronicles

17:1–20:30
The focus of this year’s study shifts frequently between the kingdom of Judah and the kingdom of
Israel. Last week’s lesson included a grim account of life within the northern kingdom of Israel. Kings
Ahab and Ahaziah rebelled against God. They refused to seek Him, even in moments of desperate
need. Israel’s idolatry and denial of God brought continual discord within the kingdom and led to
disastrous results. The serious consequences of turning away from God stand as a stark warning for us.

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This week’s passage turns to Jehoshaphat, the contemporary king in Judah. He reigned for 25 years
– concurrently with Ahab, Ahaziah, and Joram in Israel. The son of Asa, he continued the royal line
God promised David that led to the Messiah. Last week’s lesson briefly introduced Jehoshaphat as he
made unwise alliances with Ahab – first in marriage and then by joining forces in battle. God graciously
spared Judah’s king and continued to offer Jehoshaphat opportunities to turn to Him. Jehoshaphat
deliberately sought God – a sharp contrast to the refusal of Israel’s kings to seek God.

A Kingdom Strengthened by Reforms – 17:1–19:11

Military Reinforcements – 17:1-2

Jehoshaphat started strong as Judah’s king, both spiritually and practically. Early in his reign, he built
up the nation by stationing troops in all of Judah’s fortified cities to protect his people from their
enemies. His decisive action in a time of peace prepared Judah against any military aggression from
other nations.

Spiritual Foundations – 17:3-9

With a heart devoted to the Lord, Jehoshaphat took decisive action against the strongholds of
idolatry within Judah. He removed the “high places” or ancient areas of false worship. He also tore
down poles dedicated to the Canaanite fertility goddess Asherah. Work for God involves recognizing
and confronting evil so truth and freedom can flourish.

Jehoshaphat also took deliberate steps to elevate a focus on God and His law throughout the
land. He put an organized plan in motion to teach God’s Word to the people of Judah. Jehoshaphat
sent officials into Judah’s towns, along with Levites and priests, to teach God’s law to the people. This
helped the people embrace God’s standards as their own. Even today, we do not learn about God and
His ways by chance. God arms His people with His Word. He sends them to specific places to speak
and reach people for Him.

Political Interactions – 17:10–19:3

Success – 17:10-19
As God blessed Judah, the fear of the Lord fell on surrounding kingdoms. The Philistines and
Arabs gave Jehoshaphat lavish gifts. No one initiated war with Judah. This time of peace and favor
came as a blessing from God’s hand.

Entanglements – 18:1–19:3
Jehoshaphat allied with King Ahab of Israel during a time of peace and prosperity. The details
and results of that decision were covered last week in Ahab’s account. Intermarriage between
Jehoshaphat’s and Ahab’s families opened the door to a relationship that came with trouble.
Jehoshaphat visited Ahab at his palace, mingled with him socially, and involved his nation in Ahab’s
war. Any economic or political gains he may have imagined from the arrangement escalated into
challenges he should have avoided.

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 Jehoshaphat’s side of the story in 2 Chronicles teaches us important lessons. We never reach a point
where we have sufficient human wisdom to operate without God’s continuous help. Times of success
and prosperity warrant caution. While some God-directed compromise can be good, we must guard
against the temptation to compromise our core values. Jehoshaphat’s partnership with evil King Ahab
flirted dangerously with reintroducing the idolatry he sought to eradicate from Judah. Jehoshaphat
was not without godly influence in his dealings with Ahab. However, his suggestion to seek the Lord
regarding the decision about going to war met strong resistance. In the end, Jehoshaphat risked his
life in a battle that he should not have fought. Unwise compromise is costly.

After Jehoshaphat returned safely to Jerusalem, God sent a seer – or prophet – named Jehu with
a word of rebuke. This encounter reveals God’s persistent pursuit of the wholehearted devotion of
His people. Jehu asked Jehoshaphat, “Should you help the wicked and love those who hate the Lord?”
There are indeed ways God intends for His people to practically love those who hate the Lord. How do
believers reach out to unbelievers without risking compromise before God? This remains challenging.
In this case, Jehoshaphat risked all as he joined with an evil man who was God’s avowed enemy. Only
with wholehearted dependence on God at every step are believers able to avoid spiritual complacency.

Jehoshaphat’s disobedience provoked God’s wrath – His holy and measured response against sin.
Along with the rebuke, however, the Lord’s messenger also commended Jehoshaphat. Both God’s
grace and Jehoshaphat’s flawed humanity are evident. Despite his failures, God continued to prod
Jehoshaphat forward in growth and obedience.

Judicial Fortifications – 19:4-11

Jehoshaphat mobilized a system to uphold justice without partiality or bribery in Judah. He
positioned judges in each of Judah’s fortified cities. He commissioned them to recognize that
they represented the Lord in every verdict they rendered. A justice system was also established in the
city of Jerusalem. Levites, priests, and heads of families were appointed to settle disputes and warn
people against sin. He charged them by saying, “Act with courage, and may the Lord be with those
who do well.”

Jehoshaphat put plans and people in place to protect his people. Good leadership requires more
than responding and reacting. Proactive planning and strategy are also needed. The spiritual and
practical changes Jehoshaphat put in place strengthened Judah.

A Battle Fought Through Prayer – 2 Chronicles 20:1-30

Times of ease and times of struggle challenge our faith in differing ways. Jehoshaphat and his people
faced a calamity that revealed their desperate need for God’s intervention.

An Unexpected Crisis – 20:1-2

After years of peace, a vast army gathered near En Gedi, about 25 miles (40 km) southeast of
Jerusalem. The Ammonites, Moabites, and Meunites gathered to attack Judah.

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A Heartfelt Cry for God’s Help – 20:3-13

Private Prayer and Public Fasting – 20:3-4

Jehoshaphat turned to prayer, not battle plans. The alarm that gripped his heart led him to seek God
for help. God allowed His people to feel their desperation and to learn to depend on Him. First,
Jehoshaphat prayed personally. A true spiritual leader is characterized by determination to seek
God in prayer.

Jehoshaphat also called the people in Judah to fast – to put other things aside to focus solely
on seeking God in prayer. Their desperate situation called for passionate, united prayer. The people
came together from all over Judah as their king humbly led them to pray for rescue.

Powerful Prayer – 20:5-13

The scene of the men, women, children, and little ones of the nation gathered and united to seek God
is beautiful and inspiring. Jehoshaphat stood before the people gathered in the temple courtyard
to lead them in prayer to the living Lord. His powerful prayer offers a powerful example for us.

Jehoshaphat Proclaimed God’s Might – 20:6

Jehoshaphat boldly declared what was true about God. “Lord, the God of our ancestors, are you not
the God who is in heaven?” He asked a question that deserved a resounding “yes!” God sits above the
earth and reigns over its kingdoms and nations. “Power and might are in your hand, and no one can
withstand you.” The kings and kingdoms that stood against Judah were subject to God’s command
and control. Gazing at God puts our challenges in proper perspective. Acknowledging God as big
makes our problems seem small.

Jehoshaphat Recalled God’s Past Faithfulness – 20:7

Jehoshaphat recounted God’s past record of faithfulness to His people. God had driven out the
Canaanites and delivered His people into the land He had promised them.1 What God had done
before, He could do again. The overwhelming enemy Judah now faced was no different and did not
threaten God in any way. Taking time to verbalize specific examples of God’s unrelenting faithfulness
strengthens our faith.2 God’s past faithfulness prepares us to trust Him with our present and
future needs. No matter how impossible the situation, knowing God is in control provides peace
and strength.

Jehoshaphat Claimed God’s Promise – 20:8-9

When Solomon led the people in prayer at the dedication of the temple in Jerusalem, he prayed
for God’s mercy on the people in a variety of situations. Here, Jehoshaphat pleaded with God to
fulfill the promises made to Solomon.3 United with his people, Jehoshaphat recited God’s promises
and called on Him to make that truth a reality in their current struggle. God’s people stood in His
temple, crying out to Him in their distress. Jehoshaphat confidently declared, “you will hear us and
save us.” Believers appropriate God’s promises in specific situations by actively trusting Him to
do what He has promised to do.

1: God’s promises: Genesis 15:7, 18-19

2: Recounting God’s faithfulness: Deuteronomy 2:7; Joshua 21:45; 1 Kings 8:56; Isaiah 63:7; Hebrews 11:1–12:3
3: Solomon’s prayer enacted: 2 Chronicles 6:28-30

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 Jehoshaphat Acknowledged Their Helplessness – 20:10-12a
In the presence of the people, Jehoshaphat simply described their desperate situation to God. He
acknowledged that they were powerless before such a great enemy. He honestly confessed, “We do
not know what to do ...” Recognizing the reality of our helplessness and hopelessness apart from God
represents a hard but healthy step. We often struggle to admit we do not have the strength, wisdom,
or resources we need. Only when we acknowledge the emptiness of our own hands are we ready
to recognize the fullness of what God alone can do.

Jehoshaphat Asked God for Help – 20:12b-13

Jehoshaphat followed his admission of need with a cry to God for help. His words, “... our eyes are
on you,” communicated both faith and expectancy. He did not dictate the exact outcome or methods
God should use, but simply trusted Him to intervene on their behalf. Jehoshaphat deliberately took
his eyes off the approaching army and put them on Almighty God. We stand ready to see God work
when we fasten our gaze on Him and His overcoming power. God can be trusted, whether or not we
experience an outcome we judge as victorious.

An Answer From on High – 20:14-17

We stand ready to see God sent Jehoshaphat timely encouragement through the prophet Jahaziel.
God work when we His message prepared the king and the people of Judah for the impending
fasten our gaze on Him battle. God often lifts the spirits of His people through His Word in just the
right way and at just the right moment.
and His overcoming
power. God can be “Do not be afraid or discouraged” – 20:15a
trusted, whether or The people of Judah were to put off fear. The visible circumstances were not to
not we experience an dictate their confidence. As humans, we struggle with fear and discouragement.
outcome we judge as What fearful situation do you face? Throughout Scripture, God’s people are
victorious. repeatedly commanded to not be afraid.4 Psalm 118:6 says, “The Lord is with
me; I will not be afraid. What can mere mortals do to me?”

“For the battle is not yours, but God’s” – 20:15b-17

God waged the war, and the people watched the victory. As they stood firm and took their
positions, God would deliver them. The armed warriors would become mere spectators. God’s
presence and power would win two battles: the battle of fear within them and the battle against the
enemy. Sometimes God engages His people on the battlefield. Other times, He calls them to stand
back and watch Him work.

A Victory Declared, Then Won – 20:18-30

Humbled by God’s grace and promises, Jehoshaphat and the people of Judah bowed down
in worship. Some Levites stood up to praise the Lord with loud voices. God’s promises of victory
provided a deep awareness of His peace and confidence in His power even before they saw Him answer.

Early the next morning, the army left for the Desert of Tekoa. Jehoshaphat offered another call to
faith. Singers led Judah’s army into battle, praising God for the victory yet to be won. As they sang, the

4: Do not be afraid: Genesis 26:24; 46:3; Numbers 14:9; Deuteronomy 1:17; Joshua 1:9; 1 Samuel 23:17; Jeremiah 1:8; Matthew 10:26; Revelation 2:10

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 Heart-to-Heart Connection With Almighty God

The Doctrine of Prayer

Jehoshaphat cried out to God in the midst of a crisis. His prayer demonstrated honest
communication between a needy person and a powerful God – on behalf of a needy kingdom.
Most simply, prayer is talking to God. Whether we pray mid-catastrophe or in a joyful outburst,
our God stands ready to hear us. God already knows everything about us. We do not have to use
fancy words or hide how we truly feel.5 We do not need to beg God to listen. His mighty arm is
poised to help us when we cry out to Him. He will give us the wisdom we lack.6

Human words cannot fully capture the privilege God offers His children in prayer. God
understands perfectly what we express imperfectly. Through prayer, we not only present our needs
to God, but we also align our thinking to His. Like Jehoshaphat, we praise God for who He is. We
thank Him for His many expressions of grace and mercy. We express the depths of our struggles
and the heights of our joy. We confess His unshakeable promises as true and claim them by faith.
We experience rich fellowship with God.

Our open access to God was costly. Jesus died to break the barrier between sinful people and
holy God. Because of His sacrifice, believers can enjoy unhindered access to God’s throne room.7
We can talk directly to God, who even helps us when we do not know what to pray.8

To fail to pray is to forget how much we need God and ignore the lifeline He has given us.
Perhaps you feel you should not bother God with things you can figure out on your own. Maybe
you do not pray unless you are caught in a desperate situation. We need God just as much on the
days we feel strong as on the days we struggle and stumble. When we do not talk regularly to God,
we miss the blessings of communion with God, our deepest human need.

When you believe that God cares, listens, and responds when you pray, God becomes a real
part of your daily life. The challenges you face in this life offer an opportunity to draw near
to God. You can cry out to God from the depths of your heart and know that He will work on
your behalf. You can speak to God no matter what you are experiencing – physically, emotionally,
or spiritually. How natural is prayer for you? When has answered prayer clearly pointed you to
recognize God’s grace and intervention in your life? In what way does praying help you understand
God and long for Him? Talk to God when you wake up, throughout your day, and before you
close your eyes in sleep. God is eager for you to talk to Him.

5: Honest prayer: Matthew 6:5-15; 7:7

6: Provided wisdom: Luke 11:9-13; James 1:5
7: Christ provided access to God: John 14:13-14; Romans 5:1-2; Hebrews 2:17; 4:16
8: Holy Spirit helps us pray: Romans 8:26

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 Lord set ambushes against their enemies. In the confusion, the armies destroyed each other. The army
of Judah arrived to discover a battlefield filled with dead bodies. God won the battle for His people.

Judah gathered valuable plunder from the battle. The army returned to Jerusalem joyfully, praising
God with music and great rejoicing. The surrounding kingdoms heard the story of the victory.
Judah experienced a time of peace as God gave them rest.

Jehoshaphat’s Legacy – 2 Chronicles 20:31–21:3

Jehoshaphat’s Final Years – 20:31–21:3

A Favorable Summary – 20:31-34

Jehoshaphat led Judah well. He did what was right in God’s eyes. Jehoshaphat launched a campaign
against idolatry. Not all the people responded faithfully and not all remnants of idolatry were
removed from Judah. God’s gracious evaluation of Jehoshaphat’s reign was positive. God chooses
to work through flawed people who will never get their act together this side of heaven.

A Final Slip up – 20:35-37

The Bible honestly portrays human weakness, even in the people who were obedient and
committed to God. Jehoshaphat was a good king, but not a perfect one. God responded to
Jehoshaphat’s unwise decisions with corrective words and consequences. However, God also
extended grace to this very human king who failed in some key moments. In the end, God, not any
human being, is the hero of the Bible.

Near the end of his reign, Jehoshaphat entered another unwise alliance. This time, he joined in
a ship-building enterprise with Ahaziah, another of Israel’s kings. Mistakes are remarkably easy to
repeat. Perhaps this venture to build a fleet of trading ships seemed profitable and innocent enough.

The prophet Eliezer rebuked Jehoshaphat and promised that the Lord would destroy the
ships. Just as God declared, the ships wrecked and were unable to set sail. As humans, we do not
have enough wisdom to make wise plans and decisions. We need God’s guidance. His sovereignty
overrules people’s plans. Proverbs 19:21 says, “Many are the plans in a person’s heart, but it is the
Lord's purpose that prevails.” God will wreck the ships we try to build if doing so upholds His
greater plan.

A Successor – 21:1-3
All of Jehoshaphat’s sons were given valuable gifts and fortified cities. His firstborn son, Jehoram,
succeeded him as king. God honored His covenant, as David’s dynasty continued. Many dynasties
continued to rise and fall in the northern kingdom of Israel. Jehoram did not lead Judah to follow
the Lord, but God kept His commitment to the house of David through whom He would send
His Son into the world. Humans may fail God, but His purposes are never thwarted.

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Life in this world delivers all kind of challenges. Circumstances change constantly and difficulties
arise frequently. Jehoshaphat’s finest moment occurred during a crisis and sets an example we can
follow. Recognizing that God is the source of everything we truly need is where to start. Seeking
God is the only way to have true security. Only God can satisfy our deepest needs.

Take to Heart
Hold Fast
While a succession of kings in the northern kingdom of Israel continued to pursue idolatry
and turn from God, King Jehoshaphat led Judah well. He intentionally rooted out many of the
strongholds of idol worship throughout the land. He commissioned officials to teach God’s Law to
the people and appointed judges to apply God’s Law correctly. Military fortifications in key cities
protected Judah against enemies. Jehoshaphat took responsible actions to strengthen the nation.

Jehoshaphat sought God wholeheartedly, even though he struggled with making unwise alliances
with Israel. When a large army gathered nearby to attack Judah, his spiritual leadership shined.
Jehoshaphat sought God in prayer. He called the people to pray and fast. They looked to God, not
human strategy, as their source of deliverance. Jehoshaphat gathered the people and prayed publicly.
He intentionally set his focus on God’s strength rather than his formidable enemy. Judah’s army
marched into battle singing praises to God only to discover that God had already defeated their
enemy. The words from Jehoshaphat’s prayer ring true for us, every day and in every way: “We do
not know what to do, but our eyes are on you.” Life presents repeated opportunities to either turn
to God or rely on our own resources. Admitting our need and turning to God is always the right
response. God responds to those who seek Him.

Apply It
Jehoshaphat wanted the people of Judah to know and understand God’s Law and had a plan to
make that happen. We need to intentionally make God’s Word a regular part of our daily lives.
Individuals, families, and churches are called to take active steps to make sure God’s Word is
taught and understood. We need a constant infusion of truth to steady us as we navigate this world.
A regular rhythm of Bible study binds God’s truth into our hearts and minds. Study of God’s Word
is not merely intellectual, but leads to transformation and action. How can you make the Bible’s
truths more than just facts and information? Life’s challenges reveal what we believe and who we
trust most. How can God and His Word become your source of strength and hope? What practical
steps can you take to lead your family and others to know God’s Word and seek Him as their source
of strength?

When calamity hit Judah, Jehoshaphat united the people to humbly seek God in prayer. God’s people
should engage with Him regularly, not just when trouble comes. However, what should we do when
life is hard? In today’s world, crises of many colors constantly erupt all over the world, and Christians
are caught in the crossfire. Moral decline, social unrest, political strife, and many other situations put

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 pressure on God’s people individually and corporately. Sadly, believers struggle to unite and humbly
seek God. The combative posture that engulfs the world threatens the Church as well. Social media
and other platforms provide an easy way to attack anyone who does not agree with you. The enemy
works hard to divide us. How will God’s people impact a lost and dying world if we turn on one
another instead of turning to Him? There is a better way. Believers today could learn a mighty lesson
from the people of Judah who stood together in families, young and old, and as a people committed
to God. We will not reach the world for Christ by fighting with one another, but by uniting to
seek God. 2 Chronicles 7:14 says, “If my people, who are called by my name, will humble themselves
and pray and seek my face and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and I will
forgive their sin and will heal their land.” How might God use you to purposefully bring His people
together and to prioritize prayer?

God’s prophet told the people of Judah that the battle they faced was not theirs to fight. God would
bring the victory and He would receive the glory. How do you fight your battles? Human weapons
such as fiery words, well-laid plans, and well-thought conclusions are in our arsenal. However, the
weapons God gives us are quite different. He calls us to pray humbly, saturate ourselves in His Word,
serve Him and others faithfully, and wait patiently for Him to guide us. Truth upholds us, and His
Spirit directs us. There are times to wait and times to take action. Only as we seek God in moment-
by-moment dependence on Him can we understand His path for us. Are you willing to wait
when you want to fight? How are you encouraged to know that God is with you in your current
battle? When you do not know what to do, fix your eyes steadfastly on God.

God calls us to seek Him, but He also pursues us. When the mostly faithful Jehoshaphat got off
course, God’s corrections steered him back on the right path. Do you see God’s discipline as loving
and redemptive? The fact that God loves you too much to let you stray brings such encouragement.
The next time you lose a battle or your ships wreck, will you cry out, “Lord, show me Your way”? God
lovingly pursues His children for their good and His glory. He is worthy of our wholehearted
commitment and highest devotion.

116 | Lesson 7 All Scripture quotations in this publication are from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION ® NIV ®
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