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Experiment #2 Multistage Amplifiers: Objective

This document describes an experiment to measure the voltage gain of a multistage amplifier. It discusses how multistage amplifiers increase voltage gain by connecting multiple amplifier stages in cascade. The total voltage gain is equal to the product of the individual stage gains. Direct coupling and capacitive coupling are two coupling methods described. The procedure measures voltage gains at each stage and calculates the overall voltage gain.

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MUHAMMAD AMIN HAMDAN
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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136 views

Experiment #2 Multistage Amplifiers: Objective

This document describes an experiment to measure the voltage gain of a multistage amplifier. It discusses how multistage amplifiers increase voltage gain by connecting multiple amplifier stages in cascade. The total voltage gain is equal to the product of the individual stage gains. Direct coupling and capacitive coupling are two coupling methods described. The procedure measures voltage gains at each stage and calculates the overall voltage gain.

Uploaded by

MUHAMMAD AMIN HAMDAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment #2 Multistage amplifiers

Objective
To measure and calculate the voltage gain of a multistage amplifier
Equipment
Function generator with probes
DMM
Dc supply
oscilloscope with probes
IT-2012 Trainer

Theory
When the amplification of a single transistor amplifier is not enough for some purpose then
multistage amplifier come into play. Two or more amplifier can be connected in a Cascade
arrangement with output of one amplifier acting as input for next. Each amplifier is a cascaded
arrangement is known as a stage. The basic purpose of multistage amplifier arrangement is to
increase our all voltage gain Av.
So Av in multistage arrangement is
𝐴𝑣= 𝐴𝑣1 ∗ 𝐴𝑣2 ∗ 𝐴𝑣3 … 𝐴𝑣𝑛 (2.1)

When n is number of stages

Figure 2.1: Multistage Amplifiers

There are two ways of cascading amplifiers.

1. Direct coupling.
2. Capacitive coupling

1. Direct coupled multistage amplifiers

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In this arrangement there are no coupling and bypass capacitors. The collector voltages of a stage
provide the base voltage for second stage because of direct coupling these types of multistage
amplifier have better low frequency response. The disadvantage is that a small change in DC
base voltage due to temperature will result a drift in DC Level throughout circuit.

2. Capacitively Coupled Multistage Amplifier

This arrangement the coupling and bypass capacitors are present. This type of coupling prevent
the DC biased of one stage from effecting the other but allows AC signal to pass without
attenuation. In determining voltage gain of first stage, one must consider loading effect.
This is because of coupling capacitors appears as a short circuit at signal frequency
The total input resistance of second stage presents an AC load to first stage.

Circuit Diagram

Figure 2.2: Circuit Diagram of Multistage Amplifiers

Procedure

1. Set the IT 2012 trainer on lab table and powered it up.


2. Locate multistage block on trainer.
3. Connect the circuit according to given circuit diagram.
4. Apply +12 voltage Vcc supply to circuit and measure DC parameters such as VB, VC , VE
by using DMM.
5. Calculate the current IC, IE and IB.
6. Apply a sine wave of I MHz frequency, 50mv p-p as an input signal at input of circuit
using a function generator.
7. By using an oscilloscope, measure the AC voltage.
8. Measure Vo at the output of second amplifier and calculate overall voltage.

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9. Calculate the voltage gain of first stage and second stage respectively by using the (2.2)
and (2.3) respectively.
𝑅𝑐1
𝐴𝑣1 = (2.2)
𝑟𝑒1

𝑅𝑐2
𝐴𝑣2 = (2.3)
𝑟𝑒2

10. Then we calculated our all voltage gain as

𝐴𝑣𝑜 = 𝐴𝑣1 ∗ 𝐴𝑣2 (2.4)

Observations

Parameters Theoretical Practical Parameter Theoretical Practical Values


Values Values Values
VB1 𝐴𝑣1
VE1 𝐴𝑣2
VC1 𝐴𝑣𝑜
IC1
IE1
IB1

Lab Task

1. Find the effect of load resistance Rl on the voltage gain Av and output voltages of circuit
diagram.

Conclusion

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