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Columns - Inelastic Buckling

The document discusses inelastic buckling of intermediate length columns. For columns with intermediate length, buckling occurs after the stress exceeds the proportional limit of the material but before reaching ultimate strength. This is called inelastic buckling. One commonly used theory to model inelastic buckling is the tangent-modulus theory, which replaces the Young's modulus E in the Euler buckling formula with the local tangent modulus Et to calculate the critical load and stress. However, the tangent-modulus theory tends to underestimate column strength and oversimplify the nonlinear behavior.

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140 views1 page

Columns - Inelastic Buckling

The document discusses inelastic buckling of intermediate length columns. For columns with intermediate length, buckling occurs after the stress exceeds the proportional limit of the material but before reaching ultimate strength. This is called inelastic buckling. One commonly used theory to model inelastic buckling is the tangent-modulus theory, which replaces the Young's modulus E in the Euler buckling formula with the local tangent modulus Et to calculate the critical load and stress. However, the tangent-modulus theory tends to underestimate column strength and oversimplify the nonlinear behavior.

Uploaded by

paolo
Copyright
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Columns – Inelastic Buckling

Intermediate Columns

The strength of a compression member (column) depends on its geometry (slenderness ratio Leff / r)
and its material properties (stiffness and strength).

The Euler formula describes the critical load for elastic buckling and
is valid only for long columns. The ultimate compression strength of
the column material is not geometry-related and is valid only for
short columns.

In between, for a column with intermediate length, buckling occurs


after the stress in the column exceeds the proportional limit of the
column material and before the stress reaches the ultimate
strength. This kind of situation is called inelastic buckling.

This section discusses some commonly used inelastic buckling


theories that fill the gap between short and long columns.

Tangent-Modulus Theory

Suppose that the critical stress st in an intermediate column


exceeds the proportional limit of the material spl. The Young's
modulus at that particular stress-strain point is no longer E.
Instead, the Young's modulus decreases to the local tangent
value, Et.

Replacing the Young's modulus E in the Euler's formula with the


tangent modulus Et, the critical load becomes,

The corresponding critical stress is,

Note: 1. The proportional limit spl, rather than the yield stress sy, is used in the formula. Although
these two are often arbitrarily interchangeable, the yield stress is about equal to or
slightly larger than the proportional limit for common engineering materials. However,
when the forming process is taken into account, the residual stresses caused by
processing can not be neglected and the proportional limit may drop up to 50% with
respect to the yield stress in some wide-flange sections.

2. The tangent-modulus theory tends to underestimate the strength of the column, since it
uses the tangent modulus once the stress on the concave side exceeds the proportional
limit while the convex side is still below the elastic limit.

3. The tangent-modulus theory oversimplifies the inelastic buckling by using only one
tangent modulus. In reality, the tangent modulus depends on the stress, which is a
function of the bending moment that varies with the displacement w.

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