PLUMBX

PLUMBX
GROUP 2
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 01
PLUMBX

WATER SUPPLY
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PLUMBX
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

Running water must be in clean and

healthful condition without danger
of backflow or cross-connection
Connection between domestic
water and piping carrying chemicals,
liquids, gases are prohibited

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
Water-operated equipment or
mechanism, or any water treating
chemical or substances shall be
equipped with backflow prevention
device assembly.
Devices or assemblies for
prevention of backflow must be
approved first before installation.
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION - BACKFLOW PLUMBX

PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES, AND METHODS

25 mm - minimum airgap
Air gaps less than 25 mm shall only be
part of permanent assembly if it has been
tested under backflow conditions with
vacuums of 0 to 63.5 cm of mercury
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION - BACKFLOW PLUMBX

PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES, AND METHODS

ATMOSPHERIC
VACUUM BREAKER

150 mm - Atmospheric Vacuum Breakers (AVB) must be

placed 150 mm above flood level rim

AVB consists of:

- Body
- Checking member
- Atmospheric opening
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION - BACKFLOW PLUMBX

PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES, AND METHODS

DOUBLE CHECK VALVE BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLY (DC)

30.5 cm or 305 mm - Double Check Valve Backflow

Prevention Assembly (DC) requires 30.5 cm minimum
clearance at bottom for maintenance

DC consists of:
2 independently acting internally or
externally loaded check valves;
4 properly located test cocks with
connections;
2 isolation gate valves
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION - BACKFLOW PLUMBX

PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES, AND METHODS

DOUBLE CHECK VALVE BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLY (DC)

30.5 cm or 305 mm - Double Check Valve

Backflow Prevention Assembly (DC) requires 30.5
cm minimum clearance at bottom for
maintenance
DC consists of:
2 independently acting internally or
externally loaded check valves;
4 properly located test cocks with
connections;
2 isolation gate valves
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION - BACKFLOW, PLUMBX

PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES, AND METHODS

PRESSURE VACUUM BREAKER BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLY (PVB)

30.5 cm or 305 mm - above all

downstream piping and flood level
rim of receptor

PVB consists of:

- Loaded air inlet valve
- Internally loaded check valve
- 2 properly located test cocks
- 2 isolation gate valves

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION - BACKFLOW PLUMBX

PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES, AND METHODS

REDUCED PRESSURE PRINCIPLE BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLY

30.5 cm or 305 mm - Reduced Pressure Principle

Backflow Prevention Assembly (RP) requires 30.5cm
minimum clearance at bottom for maintenance

RP consists of:
2 independently acting internally loaded
check valves
Differential pressure relief valve
4 properly located test cocks with
connections
2 isolation gate valves
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION - BACKFLOW, PLUMBX

PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES, AND METHODS

REDUCED PRESSURE PRINCIPLE BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLY

30.5 cm or 305 mm - Reduced Pressure Principle

Backflow Prevention Assembly (RP) requires 30.5cm
minimum clearance at bottom for maintenance

RP consists of:
2 independently acting internally loaded
check valves
Differential pressure relief valve
4 properly located test cocks with
connections
2 isolation gate valves
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION - BACKFLOW, PLUMBX

PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES, AND METHODS

SPILL-PROOF PRESSURE-TYPE VACUUM BREAKER

152 mm - above all downstream piping

and flood rim of the receptor

Closes the vent prior to the check

opening

can be used indoors

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION - BACKFLOW, PLUMBX

PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES, AND METHODS

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
LOGO HERE

Backflow prevention assembly must be tested

by a certified backflow assembly tester at the
time of installation
1.52 m- Installations elevated more than 1.52 m
above floor shall have permanent platform for
testers and maintenance person
2 pipe diameters or minimum 25 mm- air gap
from supply outlet to top surface of the
drainage
152mm- installation of atmospheric vacuum
breaker above flood level rim
43.3°C- minimum temperature for a backflow
prevention for hot water to operate
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PLUMBX
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

152 mm- height of critical level above the

overflow rim of the water closet or the
highest part of a urinal

Vacuum Breakers of a water closet and

urinal flushometer valves shall be at the
25 mm- height of ballcock above full opening
discharge side of the flushometer valve
of overflow pipe
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PLUMBX
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

152 mm- height of AVB of potable water

outlets with hose attachments above the
highest point of usage located on the
discharge side of the last valve Lawn sprinkling systems must have backflow
prevention devices
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PLUMBX MATERIALS

Cast Iron pipes

CPVC- may be used for hot and cold-water
distribution within a building
Up to 51 mm- cast iron fittings shall be galvanized
All small-sized malleable iron water fittings shall be
Malleable Cast Iron fittings galvanized.
8%- maximum lead content in water pipes and
fittings
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PLUMBX VALVES

Up to 51 mm- shall be brass

Over 51 mm- may be cast iron or brass
body
Each gate valve shall be fullway type

Fullway Gate Valve shall be installed on:

the discharge side of each water meter and on each unmetered water supply if the valve
controls all outlets
the discharge piping from water supply tanks
cold water supply pipe to each water heater
each apartment or dwelling occupied by more than 1 family
if controlling two or more openings
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PLUMBX VALVES

Control gate valve shall be installed in a water

supply line ahead of any automatic metering
valve which supplies a battery of fixtures.

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX VALVES

Basket Strainer
Y-Strainer
- ideal for liquid applications
designed to protect
requiring high-flow capacity.
downstream from particles
- could hold more particles
that are not frequently
because of its larger size of
present in the applicaiton.
filtering part.

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 GRAVITY SUPPLY TANKS
PLUMBX

Gravity tanks shall be covered with return-

bend vent pipe not less than area of down-
feed riser
Screen must have 14-18 mesh per 25 mm
Float valve in a tank
Float valve must control the potable water
inlets to gravity tanks, or controlled by float
switch or electrode-type water level control

Gravity tanks shall be provided with a valved

drain pipe and overflow pipe
Cable float switch

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 WATER PRESSURE PLUMBX

103 kpa- Minimum water supply pressure

that should be reached, otherwise, an
elevated tank or booster pump must be
installed
551 kpa- if the pressure is in excess of 551
kpa- pressure regulator preceded by an
adequately sized strainer shall be installed
1033 kpa- maximum pressure setting of
pressure relief valve
80%- all pipe size determinations shall be
based on 80% of the reduced pressure

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 - INSTALLATION, INSPECTION, AND TESTING PLUMBX

0.3 m- depth of water service yard piping

below the finish ground level
Water pipes shall not be run or laid in the
same trench as building sewer or storm
drainage unless bottom of water pipes is
0.3 m above top of the sewer or drain line
0.3 m- horizontal distance between sewer
or drain line and water line
0.3 m- water pipes crossing sewer or
drainage piping constructed of clary or
materials, not approved for use within a
building, shall be laid a minimum of 0.3 m
above the sewer or drainpipe
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 - INSTALLATION, INSPECTION, AND TESTING PLUMBX

Field bitumastic coating and wrapping shall

provide protection restricted to short pipe
lengths at points of connection with fittings
Fiberglass insulation for copper necessarily stripped for threading and jointing
Zinc coating (galvanized) shall not be deemed
adequate outside protection for ferrous
piping or fittings.
Copper tubing shall be installed without joints
where possible
Copper tubing shall be fully externally
protected with bitumastic coating and
fiberglass wrapping and installed inside a split
Bitumen-coated pipe rigid casing whenever installed underground.
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 - INSTALLATION, INSPECTION, AND TESTING PLUMBX

0.3 m- maximum distance of unions away

from regulating equipment, water heater,
conditioning tank, etc.

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS ABRASION PLUMBX

Adjustable Pipe Clamp Cushioned Pipe Clamp U-Bolt

Hangers and straps shall not compress,
distort, cut or abrade the piping and
shall allow free movement of pipe.

Two-Bolt Pipe Clamp Three-Bolt Pipe Clamp

Yoke Type Pipe Clamp

Riser Clamp Extended Pipe Clamp

Multiple Pipe Clamps

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS ABRASION PLUMBX

4 feet or 1.2 m- maximum intervals

of pipe supports
Vertical piping shall be supported
at each story or floor level
Alignment of vertical piping shall
be maintained between floors with
the use of a mid-story guide

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

19 mm- minimum building

water service pipe

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 FIXTURE UNITS PLUMBX

In plumbing, a Fixture Unit or Drain Fixture Unit is "a unit of measure,

based on the rate of discharge, time of operation and frequency of use of
a fixture, that expresses the hydraulic load imposed by that fixture on the
sanitary plumbing installation". A Fixture Unit is not a flow rate unit but a
design factor.

A fixture unit is equal to 1 cubic foot (0.028 m3) of water drained in a

11⁄4 inches (32 mm) diameter pipe over one minute.

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

USING TABLE 6-6

Step 1. Multiply the difference in elevation between the
source of supply and highest water supply outlet in the
building to 9.79 kpa.
Step 2. Subtract the result in step 1 to the available pressure
at the water meter or other source of supply. Step 3. Select
the “length” column which is equal to or longer than the
required length.
Step 4. Follow down the column to a fixture unit value equal
to or greater than the total number of fixtures.
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

EXAMPLE 1
2-Storey Commercial Building House, with 3m height per storey.
Water main pressure is 320 kpa, and the length of pipe size is 27
m. Find the Service Pipe size.

5 Water closets (Flush Tank)

5 Lavatory
2 Bathtub
3 Kitchen Sink
10 Urinal Flush tank
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

EXAMPLE 1

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

EXAMPLE 1

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

MULTIPLIERS TO DETERMINE WATER PIPE SIZE

103.42 kpa- minimum pressure for a group containing

flushometer valves
55.16 kpa- minimum pressure for a group containing flush
tanks
9.79- multiplier to the elevation in meters to arrive at the loss
in static pressure
75%- may be used as multiplier to hot-water supply when
combining hot and cold water demand

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

USING APPENDIX A

Step 1. Obtain the necessary information regarding the

minimum daily service pressure in the area

a. If the building supply is to be metered, obtain information

regarding friction loss relative to the rate of flow for meters

Step 2. Estimate the supply demand for the building main and
the principal branches and risers from Chart A-2 or A-3

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

USING APPENDIX A

a. Estimate continuous supply demand in liters per second for

lawn sprinklers, air conditioners, etc

Step 3. Decide what is the desirable minimum pressure that

should be maintained at the highest fixture.

a. Flushometer valves- 103.42 kpa

b. Flush tanks- 55.16 kpa

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

USING APPENDIX A
Step 4. Determine the elevation in meters of the highest
fixture or group of fixtures. Multiply this difference in
elevation by 9.79. The result is in the loss static pressure in
kpa.
Step 5. Subtract the sum of loss in static pressure and the
pressure to be maintained at the highest fixture from the
average minimum daily service pressure. The result will be
the pressure available for friction loss in the supply pipes if no
water meter is used.
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

USING APPENDIX A
a. If a meter is to be installed, the friction loss in the meter for
the estimated maximum demand should also be subtracted from
the service pressure to determine the pressure loss available for
friction loss in the supply pipes

Step 6. Determine the developed length of pipe from the

water street main to the highest fixture. The pressure
available for friction loss in kPa divided by the developed
lengths of pipe from the water (street) main to the highest
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

USING APPENDIX A
fixture, times 100 will be the average permissible friction loss per
30.4m length of pipe.

Step 7. The diameter of the building supply pipe may be

obtained from Charts A-4, A-5, A-6, or A-7.

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

EXAMPLE 1

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

EXAMPLE 1

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

EXAMPLE 1

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PIPE SIZING PLUMBX

EXAMPLE 1

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 02
PLUMBX

EXCRETA
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PLUMBX MATERIALS

152 mm- No galvanized wrought iron 0.3 m- minimum depth of vitrified clay
or galvanized steel pipe shall be used pipes below ground.
underground and shall be kept at least
152 mm above ground. No vitrified clay pipes or fittings for building
drain or sewer shall be used above ground
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PLUMBX MATERIALS

Fittings on screwed pipe joints shall be of the recessed drainage type.

2%- threads of drainage fittings shall be tapped to allow 2% grade

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
MAXIMUM TRAP LOADING

Clothes washers in groups of 3 or more shall

be rated at 6 fixture units each for the
common horizontal and vertical waste pipe
sizing.

Water closets shall be computed as 6 fixture

units when determining septic tank size

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
FIXTURE CONNECTIONS

Two fixtures set back to back or

side to side, may be served by a
single vertical drainage via double
sanitary tee or double wye and 1/8
bend having inlets at the same
level

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
CLEANOUTS
Horizontal drainage at its upper
terminal
Each run of piping more than
15 meters, and every 15 meters
C.O. may be omitted on
horizontal drain line less than
1.5 m except for sinks or
urinals
C.O. may be omitted on short
horizontal drainage pipe
installed at a slope of 72° or
less from the vertical line

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
CLEANOUTS

Two-way cleanout inside the building

wall near the connection between the
building drain and building sewer or
installed outside of a building at the
lower end of the building drain and
extended to grade, may be
substituted for an upper terminal
cleanout.

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
CLEANOUTS

Additional cleanout every 135°

aggregate offset

Each 90° cleanout extension

shall be extended from a wye
type fitting

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
CLEANOUTS
51 mm or less cleanouts- needs clearance
of 305 mm in front of the cleanout
Larger than 51 mm cleanouts- needs
clearance of 450 mm in front of the
cleanout
0.45 m vertical and 0.75 meter horizontal-
clearance needed for cleanouts in
underfloor piping
6.1 m- maximum distance of underfloor
cleanout from an access door, trap door
or crawl hole

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
CLEANOUTS

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
DRAINAGE FIXTURE
Backwater valve- needed protection for
drainage piping below the elevation of the
nearby upstream manhole invert

Sump or receiving tank- needed protection for

fixtures located below the crown level of the
main sewer

○ Must be discharged into the building drain or

building sewer by approved ejector, pump or
equally efficient mechanical device

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
SUDS RELIEF
2.4 m- distance of suds-producing fixtures in a
horizontal drainage connected to a stack

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
SIZE OF DRAINAGE PIPING
DISCHARGE CAPACITY FOR INTERMITTENT FLOW

For continuous flow such as from

sump pump or ejector, air
conditioning equipment, 2 fixture
units shall be allowed for every 0.63
L/s of flow

· 1 gpm = 0.063 L/s

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
SIZE OF DRAINAGE PIPING
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS AND SIZES

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
SIZE OF DRAINAGE PIPING
4
4 water closets or 6 fixture unit traps-
maximum for vertical pipe

3 water closets or 6 fixture unit traps-

the maximum for horizontal branch

5
0.8- multiplier factor for horizontal
fixture units for 1% slope

32 mm or 1/2 diameter of drain-

minimum size of individual vent

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
SIZE OF DRAINAGE PIPING
EXAMPLE 1

What is the size of the stack serving 4 water closets in a residential?

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
SIZE OF DRAINAGE PIPING
EXAMPLE 1

What is the size of the stack serving 4 water closets in a residential?

Water Closet DFU in Private- 4 DFU each

4 Water Closets x 4 DFU= 16 DFU in Total

3
Except 6 fixture unit
traps or water closet

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
SIZE OF DRAINAGE PIPING
EXAMPLE 2

A school has 8 drinking fountains, 24 Flushometer valve WC, 16 Floor drains, 24

Wash basins and 8 Service sink. Determine the Total DFU.

Fixture QTY DFU TOTAL

Drinking Fountain 8 1 8
WC Flushometer valve 24 6 144
Floor Drains 16 2 32
Wash Basin 24 2 48
Service Sink 8 3 24

256 DFU

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
SIZE OF DRAINAGE PIPING
EXAMPLE 3
A school has 8 drinking fountains, 24 Flushometer valve WC, 16 Floor drains, 24
Wash basins and 8 Service sink. Determine the House Drain Size.
Fixture QTY DFU TOTAL

Drinking Fountain 8 1 8
WC Flushometer valve 24 6 144
Floor Drains 16 2 32
Wash Basin 24 2 48
Service Sink 8 3 24

256 DFU

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
SIZE OF DRAINAGE PIPING
EXAMPLE 3

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX

PLUMBX
GROUP 2
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 03
PLUMBX

VENTS AND VENTING

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
VENTS NOT REQUIRED
Vent piping may be omitted on an
interceptor when such interceptor
acts as the primary settling tank
o The second interceptor shall be
properly tapped and vented.
Traps of bar sinks, soda fountains
need not be vented if the location
makes it impossible to do so. These
shall discharge through indirect
waste pipe into a floor sink

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
SIZE OF VENTS
2 determinations of vent pipe size:
o Length
o Total number of fixture units
32 mm or 1/2 diameter of drain being
served- minimum size of vent
the drainage piping of each building
and each connections to a public
sewer or a private sewage disposal
system shall be vented by means of
one or more vent pipes, the aggregate
cross-sectional area of which shall not
be less than that of the largest
required building sewer size larger
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PLUMBX
SIZE OF VENTS
1/3- allowable increase in the length
of horizontal portion of vent as long
as the pipe is increased one pipe size
larger

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
VENT PIPE GRADES AND CONNECTIONS
All vent pipes shall extend
undiminished in size above the
roof.
The vent stack through roof
(VSTR) shall be increased 1 pipe
size above the reconnection
point of stack vent and
horizontal vent

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
VENT PIPE GRADES AND CONNECTIONS

The vent pipe opening from a soil or 2 fixtures may be served by a common
waste pipe, except for water closets and vertical vent pipe when they discharge
similar fixtures, shall not be below the into an approved double branch fitting
weir of the trap. with inlet openings at the same level
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PLUMBX
VENT TERMINATION
0.15 m - extension of vent pipe above the
roof
0.30 m- clearance of a vent pipe through the
roof away from any vertical surface nearby
3 m- horizontal distance of vent opening from
any openable window, door opening, air
intake or vent shaft
0.9 m- vertical distance above vent opening
from any openable window, door opening, air
intake or vent shaft
0.9 m- horizontal distance of vent opening
away from lot line, alley, and street boundary
lines
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PLUMBX
VENT TERMINATION
0.15 m- height extension of vent pipe above
roof or fire wall
3 m- horizontal distance of vertical vent pipes
for outdoor installations to any part of roof
that is used for other purposes
2.1 m- vertical distance of vertical vent pipes
for outdoor installations to any part of roof
that is used for other purposes

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
VENT STACKS AND RELIEF VENTS
10 or more stories above the building drain
shall be served by a parallel vent stack
Yoke Vent
Every 5th floor levels must have yoke vent
Connection from below the horizontal soil or
waste branch to the stack and at the nearby
stack above the same floor to provide relief
vent
Size of Yoke Vent must be at least equal to
soil stack or vent stack whichever is smaller
1 m- yoke vent connection with the vent stack
above the floor level
Must connect with the drainage stack via wye
branch
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PLUMBX
QUESTION- VENTS
Minimum vent size of a water closet
a. 38 mm
b. 51 mm
c. 65 mm
d. 76 mm

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
QUESTION- VENTS
Minimum vent size of a water closet
a. 38 mm
b. 51 mm
c. 65 mm
d. 76 mm

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
QUESTION- VENTS

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
QUESTION- VENTS
On a 65 mm diameter horizontal vent serving 1 water closet, what is the maximum
allowable length of the horizontal pipe?

a. 37 m
b. 55 m
c. 73 m
d. 86 m

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
QUESTION- VENTS

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
QUESTION- VENTS
What is the extension height of a vertical vent pipe for outdoor
installations in a roof used for other purposes?

a. 3 m
b. 15 cm
c. 0.9 m
d. 2.1 m

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
QUESTION- VENTS
What is the extension height of a vertical vent pipe for outdoor installations in a
roof used for other purposes?

a. 3 m (termination of vent opening from any openable window, door opening,

etc.; also the distance to any part of the roof used for other purposes)
b. 15 cm (minimum height extension of vent pipe above the roof)
c. 0.9 m (minimum height extension of vent opening above any openable window,
door opening, etc.; also the distance of vent away from any lot line, alley and
street boundary lines)
d. 2.1 m

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 04
PLUMBX

TRAPS AND
INTERCEPTORS
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PLUMBX
TRAPS REQUIRED
Maximum 1 trap is
permitted on a trap arm.
1 trap may serve a set of 3
single compartment sinks or
laundry tubs of the same
depth, or 3 lavatories
immediately adjacent to
each other with their waste
outlets 0.75 m apart and the
trap is centrally located

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
TRAPS REQUIRED

The vertical distance between a

fixture outlet and the trap weir shall
be as short as practicable.

0.6 m- maximum length of tailpiece

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
HORIZONTAL DISTANCE OF TRAP ARMS

1.8 m- maximum developed length between trap of a water closet from top
of closet ring to inner edge of vent

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
TRAPS DESCRIBED
Each trap, except interceptors,
shall be self-cleaning.
Gauge 17 B&S or 1.1 mm-
thickness for exposed and
readily accessible drawn brass
tubing trap, excluding urine
Manufacturer’s name and the
gauge shall be stamped on the
metal of the trap
1-maximum number of slip
joint on the outlet side of a
trap
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F
 PLUMBX
TRAPS DESCRIBED
Tubing trap shall be
installed with a listed
tubing trap adapter
51 mm to 102 mm (2” to
4”)- depth of water seal
When floor drain is
subject to reverse flow, it
shall be equipped with
backwater valve.

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX
CLASSIFICATION OF TRAPS
Common Seal P-Trap: 5
cm (2”) deep water seal
Deep Seal P-Trap: 7.5 cm
to 10 cm (3” to 4”) deep
water seal
Used for extreme heat
conditions
Used for turbulent
atmospheric condition
Used where total ventilation
cannot be obtained
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CLASSIFICATION OF TRAPS
Drum Trap- intended
for fixtures set on the
floor like bathtub, foot
and sitz bath
Shall be installed with vent

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TRAPS PROHIBITED

“S” trap
Bell and Crown-vented
traps
Double-trapping
Drum traps are allowed
only when permitted

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PERMISSIBLE TRAPS

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

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TRAPS WITH VENTILATION

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FORMS OF TRAP SEAL LOSS
SIPHONAGE
-result of minus pressure in the
drainage system
Direct of Self Siphoning- occur in
unventilated traps which serves
as ovel bottom fixtures like
lavatories or slop sink

■ Self Siphoning is created

when a rapid flow of water passes
through the pipe
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FORMS OF TRAP SEAL LOSS
INDIRECT OR MOMENTUM SIPHONING-
-result of minus pressure in the
pipe created by heavy discharge of
water from a fixture installed on a
line serving another fixture at a
lower floor

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FORMS OF TRAP SEAL LOSS
BACKPRESSURE
- caused by Plus Pressure

- When large amount of water flow

drops downward rapidly forming a
slug like, the air inside the pipe will
be compressed downward

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FORMS OF TRAP SEAL LOSS
EVAPORATION
- minor problem and less probable
to drain water inside the trap. This
happens on floor drains not
regularly used to admit water.

WIND EFFECT
- wind velocity passing over the top
of the soil pipe may affect the trap
seal
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FORMS OF TRAP SEAL LOSS

capillary action

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TRAP SEAL PROTECTION
Trap Primer- protection for
drains or taps subject to
infrequent use
Trap Primer- an automatic
device that injects a small
amount of water into the
trap every time there is a
pressure drop in the system
Trap Seal Loss- term used
when water seal escapes
from the P-Trap
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INDUSTRIAL INTERCEPTORS (CLARIFIERS) AND
SEPARATORS

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INDUSTRIAL INTERCEPTORS (CLARIFIERS) AND
SEPARATORS
Interceptors are needed for fish, fowl, and animal slaughter, meat
packing or curing establishments, etc.
Private or public washrack used for cleaning machinery shall be
protected against storm or surface water and shall be drained into an
interceptor.
152 mm- Water seal for interceptors for sand and similar heavy solids
51 mm- water seal for grease trap
Each interceptor or clarifier shall be readily accessible without ladders

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GREASE TRAPS

Grease traps may be installed in restaurants, cafes, lunch counters, hotels, factory or
school kitchens, etc.
Grease trap is not required for individual dwelling units or any private living quarters.

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GREASE TRAPS
1.3 L/s to 3.4 L/s- rate of flow of individual
grease trap
Flow control shall be installed in the
visible location such as the fixture’s
tailpiece or drain outlet connected to
grease trap
Flow control devices shall not be greater
than the rated capacity of grease trap.
Flow control parts shall not be adjustable
or removable.

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GREASE TRAPS
4 fixtures- maximum
fixtures to be discharged
into 1 grease trap
1.2 m- maximum horizontal
distance between the
fixture outlet and the
grease trap
0.75 m- maximum vertical
tailpipe or drain between
fixture outlet and the
grease trap
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GREASE TRAPS
Water-jacketed grease trap
or grease interceptor is
prohibited
51 mm- water seal for
grease trap

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GREASE TRAP CAPACITY

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SAND INTERCEPTORS
Sand interceptors are required
whenever the discharge may
contain solids heavier than
water that would be harmful
to drainage system
Multiple floor drains may
discharge into 1 sand
interceptor
Sand interceptor shall have an
interior baffle for the
separation of 2 sections.
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SAND INTERCEPTORS
76 mm- minimum inlet and
outlet pipe size. Outlet pipe
shall be same size as the inlet
size.
2- minimum number of baffle
openings
Baffle openings shall have
same diameter as the outlet
and that the openings shall be
staggered to avoid straight line
flow.
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SAND INTERCEPTORS
Invert of inlet pipe shall be no
lower than the invert of outlet
pipe
0.2 sq.m- minimum dimension
of inlet section
610 mm- minimum depth
under the invert of the outlet
pipe
The outlet section shall have a
minimum area of 50% of the
inlet section.
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QUESTION- TRAPS
Minimum capacity of grease interceptor

a. 4 cu.m
b. 3 cu.m
c. 2 cu.m
d. 1 cu.m

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QUESTION- TRAPS
Minimum capacity of grease interceptor

a. 4 cu.m
b. 3 cu.m (RNPCP, Chapter 2)
c. 2 cu.m
d. 1 cu.m

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

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QUESTION- TRAPS
This type of trap seal loss occurs in unventilated traps which serves as oval
bottom fixtures like lavatories or slop sink

a. Direct Siphoning
b. Indirect Siphoning
c. Momentum Siphoning
d. Evaporation

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

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QUESTION- TRAPS
This type of trap seal loss occurs in unventilated traps which serves as oval
bottom fixtures like lavatories or slop sink

a. Direct Siphoning (PDE by Max Fajardo)

b. Indirect Siphoning (result of minus pressure in the pipe created by heavy
discharge of water from a fixture installed on a line serving another fixture at
a lower floor)
c. Momentum Siphoning (another term for indirect siphoning)
d. Evaporation (minor problem and less probable to drain water inside the
trap. This happens on floor drains not regularly used to admit water.)

Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F

 PLUMBX

THANKS
FOR LISTENING ;)
Presentation by Group 2 of BSCE-2F