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Java Arrays: Types of Array in Java

Java arrays allow storing of fixed number of similar type elements in contiguous memory locations. There are two types of arrays - single dimensional and multidimensional. Single dimensional arrays store elements in a single list while multidimensional arrays store elements in row and column format like a table. Arrays provide advantages like code optimization and random access but have a size limit as the number of elements cannot be changed at runtime.

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26 views

Java Arrays: Types of Array in Java

Java arrays allow storing of fixed number of similar type elements in contiguous memory locations. There are two types of arrays - single dimensional and multidimensional. Single dimensional arrays store elements in a single list while multidimensional arrays store elements in row and column format like a table. Arrays provide advantages like code optimization and random access but have a size limit as the number of elements cannot be changed at runtime.

Uploaded by

Navneet Sheoran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java Arrays

Normally, an array is a collection of similar type of elements which has contiguous


memory location.

Java array is an object which contains elements of a similar data type. Additionally,
The elements of an array are stored in a contiguous memory location. It is a data
structure where we store similar elements. We can store only a fixed set of elements
in a Java array.

Advantages
o Code Optimization: It makes the code optimized, we can retrieve or sort the data
efficiently.
o Random access: We can get any data located at an index position.

Disadvantages
o Size Limit: We can store only the fixed size of elements in the array. It doesn't grow
its size at runtime. To solve this problem, collection framework is used in Java which
grows automatically.

Types of Array in java


There are two types of array.

o Single Dimensional Array


o Multidimensional Array

Single Dimensional Array in Java


Syntax to Declare an Array in Java

1. dataType[] arr; (or)  
2. dataType []arr; (or)  
3. dataType arr[]; 

int [ ] arr = {10,20,30,40,50};


public static void main(String args[]){  
int a[]=new int[5];//declaration and instantiation  
a[0]=10;//initialization  
a[1]=20;  
a[2]=70;  
a[3]=40;  
a[4]=50;  
//traversing array  
for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++)//length is the property of array  
System.out.println(a[i]);  
}}  

Change an Array Element


To change the value of a specific element, refer to the index number:

Example
a[0] = 99;

Array Length
To find out how many elements an array has, use the length property:

Example
String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};

System.out.println(cars.length);

// Outputs 4
For-each Loop for Java Array
We can also print the Java array using for-each loop. The Java for-each loop prints
the array elements one by one. It holds an array element in a variable, then executes
the body of the loop.

The syntax of the for-each loop is given below:

1. for(data_type variable:array){  
2. //body of the loop  
3. }  

Let us see the example of print the elements of Java array using the for-each loop.

1. //Java Program to print the array elements using for-each loop  
class Testarray1{  
public static void main(String args[]){  
int arr[]={33,3,4,5};  
//printing array using for-each loop  
for(int i:arr)  
System.out.println(i);  
}} 

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) throws an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if length
of the array in negative, equal to the array size or greater than the array size while
traversing the array.

//Java Program to demonstrate the case of   
//ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException in a Java Array.  
public class TestArrayException{  
public static void main(String args[]){  
int arr[]={50,60,70,80};  
for(int i=0;i<=arr.length;i++){  
System.out.println(arr[i]);  
}  
}}

Multidimensional Array in Java


In such case, data is stored in row and column based index (also known as matrix
form).

Syntax to Declare Multidimensional Array in Java

1. dataType[][] arrayRefVar; (or)  
2. dataType [][]arrayRefVar; (or)  
3. dataType arrayRefVar[][]; (or)  
4. dataType []arrayRefVar[];   

Example to instantiate Multidimensional Array in Java

1. int[][] arr=new int[3][3];//3 row and 3 column  

Example to initialize Multidimensional Array in Java

arr[0][0]=1;  
arr[0][1]=2;  
arr[0][2]=3;  
arr[1][0]=4;  
arr[1][1]=5;  
arr[1][2]=6;  
arr[2][0]=7;  
arr[2][1]=8;  
arr[2][2]=9;  

public static void main(String args[]){  
//declaring and initializing 2D array  
int arr[][]={{1,2,3},{2,4,5},{4,4,5}};  
//printing 2D array  
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){  
 for(int j=0;j<3;j++){  
   System.out.print(arr[i][j]+" ");  
 }  
 System.out.println();  
}  
}}  

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