MATHEMATICS IN EVERYDAY LIFE–8

Chapter 1 : Rational Numbers ANSWER KEYS

EXERCISE 1.1
3 3  (– 4) – 12
1. Since, the number which can be written in the form (iii) = 4  (– 4)  – 16
4
p
, where p and q are integers and q  0 are called 3 3  7 21
q
(iv) = 4  7  28
rational numbers. 4
0 3 –1
 , 2, are rational numbers, and in , 2 is 15 15  5 3
5 4 2 5. (i) =  ( H.C.F. of 15 and 65 is 5)
65 65  65 13
5
not an integer and in , q(0) = 0, are not rational 33 33  (– 11) –3
0 (ii) = =
numbers. – 77 – 77   – 11) 7
–2
2. : Numerator = – 2 – 13  – 13    – 13   1
3 (iii) =
: Denominator = 3
– 78  – 78    – 13  6
4
( H.C.F. of 13 and 78 is 13)
: Numerator = 4
1 – 21 – 21  3 – 7
: Denominator = 1 (iv) = 15  3  5
15
0
: Numerator = 0 3 3 3
3 6. (i) = 
: Denominator = 3 –5 –5 5
5 : Numerator = 5
–4 –4 4
: Denominator = 1 (ii) = 
7 7 7
3
: Numerator = 3
–1 8 8 8
(iii) = 
: Denominator = – 1 9 9 9

–5 – 5   – 1 5 –6 –6 6
3. (i) =  (iv) = 
3 3   – 1 – 3 – 11 – 11 11

–5  – 5    – 7   35 1 –3 1 –3
(ii) = 7. (i)  = 
3 3  – 7  – 21 3 2 3 2

1 3 2  9 11
–5 – 5  4 – 20 =   
(iii) =  3 2 6 6
3 34 12
4 –3 4 –3
–5  – 5    – 3   15 (ii) – = –
(iv) = 7 5 7 5
3 3   – 3 –9
4 3  4  5 –  3  7 
= – 
3 33 9 7 5 35
4. (i) = 
4 4  3 12 ( L.C.M. of 7 and 5 is 35)

3 3  5 15 20 – 21 – 1
(ii) =  = 
4 4  5 20 35 35

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 1

 –2 –1 –2 –1 3
(iii) – = – Hence, three equivalent rational numbers of are
3 6 3 6 5
6 9 12
2 1  2  2  –  1  1 , , .
= –  10 15 20
3 6 6
4–1 3 1 7
(iii)Three equivalent rational numbers of .
=   –6
6 6 2
1 7 72 14
8. When x = 9, y = = – 6  2  – 12
5 –6
1 9 1
x–y = 9–  – 7 73 21
5 1 5 = – 6  3  – 18
–6
9  5 – 1 1 45 – 1
= 
74
5 5 7 28
( L.C.M. of 1 and 5 is 5) = – 6  4  – 24
–6
44 44
=  7
5 5 Hence, three equivalent rational numbers of are
–6
1 1 9
And, y–x = –9  – 14 21 28
5 5 1 , ,
– 12 – 18 – 24 .
1 1– 9  5 1 – 45
= 
5 5
– 44 44 EXERCISE 1.2
= 
5 5
3
44 44 1. (i) and 0
Hence, x – y = and y – x = 4
5 5
3
9. x  y , when x = – 7, y = 3 clearly, >0
4
x  y = – 7  3  – 7 – 3  – 4  4 –1 4
(ii) and – 7
2
 xy = 4
L.C.M. of 2 and 7 is 14.
–2
10. (i) Three equivalent rational numbers of . –1 – 17 – 7
3 = 2  7  14
2
–2 – 22 – 4
= 32  6 4 4  – 2 –8
3 
=
–7  – 7   – 2 14
–2 – 23 – 6
= 33  9 –7 –8
3 > ( – 7 > – 8)
14 14
–2 2  4 8
= = –1 4
3 3 4 12  >
2 – 7
–2
Hence, three equivalent rational numbers of 8 3
3 (iii) and
–4 –6 –8 15 10
are , , L.C.M. of 15 and 10 is 30.
6 9 12
3 8 8  2 16
(ii) Three equivalent rational numbers of
5 = 15  2  30
15
3 3 2 6 33
=  3 9
5 5  2 10 = 10  3  30
10
3 33 9
=  16 9
5 5  3 15 > ( 16 > 9)
30 30
3 3  4 12
=  8 3
5 5  4 20  >
15 10

2 Answer Keys
 –1 8 – 17 – 17  2 – 34
(iv) and = 30  2  60
2 –5 30
L.C.M. of 2 and 5 is 10. – 39 – 34 – 32 – 18
 <  
–1 – 1 5 – 5 60 60 60 60
= 2  5  10
2 – 13 – 17 – 8 – 3
 <  
8  – 2 20 30 15 10
8 – 16
= 
 – 5   – 2  10 – 13 17 8 –3
–5 Hence, , , , are in ascending order..
20 – 30 – 15 10
–5 – 16
> ( – 5 > – 16) – 13 7 2
10 10 (ii) , – 2, ,
5 –3 3
–1 8
 > –5 Make the denominator positive and write the
2
– 13 – 2 – 7 2
2. Make the denominator positive and write the rational number as , , ,
5 1 3 3
rational numbers as
Now, L.C.M. of 5, 1, 3 and 3 is 15.
5 – 11 – 2 – 3
, , , – 13 – 13  3 – 39
7 2 7 14 = 5  3  15
Now, L.C.M. of 7, 2, 7 and 14 is 14. 5

5  2 10 –2 – 2  15 – 30
5
= 7  2  14 = 1  15  15
1
7
–7 – 7  5 – 35
– 11 – 11  7 – 77 = 3  5  15
= 2  7  14 3
2
2 2  5 10
–2 – 22 – 4 = 3  5  15
= 7  2  14 3
7
– 39 – 35 – 30 10
–3 – 31 – 3  <  
= 14  1  14 15 15 15 15
14
– 13 –7 –2 2
10 – 3 – 4 – 77  <  
 >   5 3 1 3
14 14 14 14
– 13 7 2
5 – 3 – 2 – 11 Hence, , , – 2, are in ascending order..
 >   5 –3 3
7 14 7 2
–5
5 –3 2 – 11 4. (i)
Hence, 7 , 14 , – 7 and are in descending 6
2 –5
order. To represent rational number , we divided the
6
8 – 3 – 13 17 distance between 0 and – 1 into six equal parts.
3. (i) , , , Starting from 0, move towards left (– 1) and the 5th
– 15 10 20 – 30
–5
Make the denominator positive and write the mark will represents .
6
– 8 – 3 – 13 – 17
rational number as , , , A
15 10 20 30
–1 –5 0
L.C.M. of 15, 10, 20, 30 is 60.
6
–8 – 8  4 – 32 3
= 15  4  60 (ii)
15 7
3
–3 – 3  6 – 18 To represent rational number , we divided the
= 10  6  60 7
10 distance between 0 and 1 into seven equal parts.
Starting from 0, move towards right (1) and the 3rd
– 13 – 13  3 – 39 3
= 20  3  60 mark will represent .
20 7

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 3

 A –13 –6
(By cross-multiplication)
0 1 2 5
3 –15 < –12
7 –3 6
–2  
(iii) 2 5
7 –3 6
–2 (iv)
10 20
To represent rational number , we divided the
7 Make the denominator positive,
distance between 0 and – 1 into seven equal parts.
–13 –6
(By cross multiplication)
–1 0 10 20
–2 –60 = –60
7 –3 6
 
Starting from 0, moves towards left (– 1) and 2nd 10 20
–2 –2
mark will represent . (v) 0
7 3
–8 Make denominator positive.
(iv)
11 0 2
–8 1 3
To represent rational number , we divided the
11 Clearly, 0 < 2
distance between 0 and – 1 into eleven equal parts
starting from 0, moves towards left (– 1) and 8th Hence, 0  –2
–8 –3
mark will represent .
11 –7 –13
(vi)
–1 0
12 9
–8 –7 –13
11

12 9
 – 63 > – 156
–2 3
5. (i) –7 –13
13 –7  
12 9
Make the denominator positive.

–2 –3 6. (i) 5 , 7 , 3 , 11
(By cross-multiplication) 12 6 8 7
13 7
Make the denominator positive, and write the
–14 > –39 rational number as

–2 3 5 7 –3 11
 > , , ,
13 –7 12 6 8 7
Now, L.C.M of 12, 6, 8 and 7 is 168.
– 13 –2 5 5  14 –70
(ii) = 
6 1 12 12  14 168

–13 –2 –7 –7  28 –196
(By cross multiplication) = 
6 1 6 6  28 168
–13 < –12 3 3  21 63
= 
8 8  21 168
–13
  –2
6 11 11  24 –264
= 
7 7  24 168
–3 6
(iii) 63 –70 196 –264
2 5   

Make the denominator positive. 168 168 168 168

4 Answer Keys
 3 5 7 –11 –3
    To represent on number line, divide the
8 12 6 7 7
distance, between 0 and –1 into seven equal parts,
3 5 7 –11 starting from 0, move towards (left) –1, the 7th mark
Hence,    are in descending order..
–8 12 6 7
–3
will represent .
17 7 –11 13 7
(ii) , , , .
11 5 9 –8
Make the denominator positive, and write the –1 0

17 –7 –11 –13 –3

rational number as , , , . 7
11 5 9 8
L.C.M. of 11, 5, 9 and 8 is 3960. 4
(iii)
5
17 17  360 –6120
= 
11 11  360 3960 4
To represent , divide the distances between 0 and
5
–7 –7  792 –5544
=  1 into five equal parts, starting from 0, move
5 5  792 3960
4
–11 –11  440 –4840 towards right (1), the 4th mark will represent .
 5
=
9 9  440 3960

–13 –13  495 –6435 0 1

=  4
8 8  495 3960
5
–4850 5544 6120 6435
    8. Five rational numbers smaller than –1 are
3960 3960 3960 3960
3 –5 –7 9
, , , –2 and .
–11 –7 17 –13 2 2 2 2
   
9 5 11 8
3
9. Five rational number greater than are
–11 7 17 13 2
Hence, , , , are in descending order..
9 5 11 8 1 1 3
–1, , 0, and 1 .
8 2 2 2 2
7. (i)  –2
3 3
EXERCISE 1.3
The given rational number lies between –2 and –3,
divided the distance between –2 and –3 three equal 5 3
1. (i) and
parts, starting from –2, move towards left (– 3) and 8 10
8 L.C.M. of 8 and 10 is 40.
2nd mark will represent .
3
5 5  5 25
= 
–8 2 8 8  5 40
 –2
3 3 3 –3 3  4 12
=  
10 10 10  4 40
–3 –2 –1 0
5  3  25  12  25   12 
–2 2   =  
3 8  10  40  40  40
3 25  12 13
(ii) = 
7 40 40
Make denominator positive, Therefore, the rational
–3 7
–3 (ii) and
number is . 10 –15
7

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 5

 L.C.M of 10 and 15 is 30 –4 –4  7 28
= 
–3 –3  3 9 13 13  7 91
= 
10 10  3 30
6 –6 6  13 –78
=  
7 –7 –7  2  14 7 7 7  13 91
= =
–15 15 15  2 30
 –6   4   –78   28 
   =   
 3   7   9   14   7   13   91   91 
   =   
 10   15   30   30 
–78   28  78  28 50
=  =
9  14 –23 91 91 91
= 
30 30
11 2
(iii) from
5 6 9
(iii) 4 and
6 L.C.M of 6 and 9 is 18.
L.C.M. of 1 and 6 is 6. 11 11  3 33
= 
4 4  6 24 6 6  3 18
= 
1 1 6 6 2 –2  2 –4
= 
5 51 5 9 9  2 18
= 
6 61 6
 2  11  4  33  4  – 33  37
 – =  – =
5 24 5 24  5 29  9 6  18  18 18 18
4 =   
6 6 6 6 6
7 2
(iv) from
15 8 10 5
(iv) and
7 3 L.C.M of 10 and 5 is 10.
L.C.M. of 7 and 3 is 21. 7 7  1 7
= 
15 –15 15  3 –45 10 10  1 10
=  
7 7 73 21
2 22 4
8 8  7 56 = 
=  5 5  2 10
3 3  7 21
 –15  8  –45  56  45   56 2  –7  4  7  4 – (– 7)
  =   = –  = – – 
 7  3  21  21 21 5  10  10  10  10
45  56 11 11
= 
21 21 =
10
8 13
2. (i) from 5 3 7
3 7 3. (i)  
6 8 12
L.C.M of 3 and 7 is 21.
L.C.M of 6, 8 and 12 is 24.
8 8  7 56
=  5 5  4 20
3 3  7 21 = 
6 6  4 24
13 13  3 39
= = 3 33 9
7 7 7 21 = 
8 8  3 24
13 8 39 56 39 – 56 –17
– = –  = 7 7  2 14
7 3 21 21 21 21 = 
12 12  2 24
–4 6
(ii) from 5 3 7 20 9 14
13 7   =  
6 8 12 24 24 24
L.C.M. of 13 and 7 is 91.

6 Answer Keys
 20  9  14 11  14 25 –27   16   11
=   =
24 24 24 6
11 5 4 –27 – 16  11 43  11
(ii) –  = 
–18 16 9 6 6
L.C.M. of 18, 16 and 9 is 144.
32 16
11 11 –11  8 88 = 
=   6 3
–18 18 18  8 144
3 5
5 5 9 45 4. If x = ,y=
=  7 3
16 16  9 144
3 5 9 35
4 4  16 64 Taking, L.H.S = (x + y) =  = 
=  7 3 21 21
9 9  16 144
9  35 44
11 5 4 88 45 64 = 
–  =   21 21
–18 16 9 144 144 144
Again taking R.H.S = (y + x)
88 – 45  64 –69
=  5 3 35 9
144 144 =   
3 7 21 21
 –2   –4 
(iii) 2       35  9 44
 3   5  = 
21 21
L.C.M. of 3 and 5 is 15.
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S
2 2  15 30
=  Commutative law of addition on rational number.
1 1  15 15
4 5 1
2 2  5 10 5. If x = ,y= ,z=
=  7 21 3
3 35 15
Taking, L.H.S = (x + y) + z
4 4  3 –12
= 
5 5 3 15  4  5   1
=     
 7  21   3
 –2   –4  30  –10   –12 
2   =   
 3   5  15  15   15   4  3  5  1  7
=  7  3   21   3  7
30   10    12    
=
15
 12  5   7
30  10  12 8 =     
=   21  21   21
15 15
9  8  11  12   5   7
(iv)   =  21   21
2  3  6  

9 9  3 27
=   12  5  7
2 23 6 =  
 21  21
8 8  2 –16
=  7 7 14 2
3 32 6 =   
21 21 21 3
11 11  1 11
=  Again, taking R.H.S. = x + (y + z)
6 61 6
4   5  1 
9  8  11 –27  16  11 =     
  =   7  21  3 
2  3  6 6  6  6

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 7

 4  3  5  1  7  7  2 5  4 1 3 5  2
= 7  3   21   3  7  = –  
   12  2 6  4 8  3 12  2

14 20 3 10
12  5  7  =   –
=      24 24 24 24
21  21  21 
14  20  3  10 13
= 
12   5   7  24 24
= 21   21 
 
7 5 1 5 13
Hence, –   =
12  2  12   2  12 6 8 12 24
=   
21  21  21 4 2
(iii) 2 1
12 – 2 10 3 5
= 
21 21 L.C.M of 3 and 5 is 15.
Associative law of addition on rational number. 4  5 2  15 2  3 1  15
=   
3  5 1  15 5  3 1  15
3 5 5 3 55 36
6. (i) from  – = 6  5 – 5  6 20 30 6 15
5 6 6 5   
=
15 15 15 15
 L.C.M of 6 and 5 is 30.
20  30  6  15 –29
25 – 18 7 = 
=  15 15
30 30
4 2 –29
–5 4 4  5  Hence, 2 1 
(ii) from = –  3 5 15
8 3 3  8 
–3 3
L.C.M of 3 and 8 is 24. 8. (i) Additive inverse of 
7 7
 –4  8   5  3   32 –  15  –3 3 3  3 0
=          0
 3  8   8  3  24  24  7 7 7 7
32 –  15  16  16  16
= (ii) Additive inverse of   
24 –3  3  3
32  15 17 –16 16
=    0
24 24 3 3
3  2  7 7 7
7. (i)   (iii) Additive inverse of –
7 9 9 9 9
L.C.M of 7, 9 and 9 is 63. 7  7
 –   0
3  9  2   7 7  7 9  9
=  
79 97 9 7 11  11  11
(iv) Additive inverse of –  –  = –
–5  5 5
27  14  49 27   14   49
=    9. Let the other number be x.
63 63 63 63
Then,
62
=  12  5
63  + x =
 3  3
3  2  7 62
Hence,   = 5  12  – 5 –  – 12  5  12 7
7 9 9 63 
 x=   =
3  3  3 3 3
7 5 1 5
(ii) –   7
12 6 8 12 Hence, the other number is .
L.C.M of 12, 6, 8 and 12 is 24. 3

8 Answer Keys
10. Let the other number be x, then
7  –8  3  2 
14. (i)    
5 –23 3  5  5  3 
+x =
9 9
7  –8  3  –2 
–23 5 or    
 x =  3  5  5  3 
9 9
–23 – 5 –28  7  –2    8  3 
=  . =  3   3     5   5 
9 9       
–28
Hence, other number is .  7   2    –8  3 
9 =   
11. Let the number to be added be x.  3   5 

 1 1 1 5  5  25   15  25  15
Then,     + x = 1 =   = 
3 4 6 3  5  15 15
1 1 1
 x = 1–   10 2
3 4 6 = 
15 3
12  4  3  2 3 1
= = 
12 12 4 9  2  1 3
(ii)   
1 5  3  5 5
Hence, the required number is .
4
9  –2  1 3
12. Let the number to be subtracted be x. or   
5  3  5 5
3 5
Then, –x=
5 3  9 1 3   2 
=     
3 5 3  3 5 5  5 5 5  3 
 x = –  –
5 3 53 35
  9   1  3   2 
=   
9 25 9 – 25  5   3 
= – 
15 15 15
( L.C.M. of 3 and 5 is 15)  5   2 
=   
 5   3 
–16
=
15  15    10  –15  10
= 
–16 3 5 15 15
Hence, should be subtracted from to get .
15 5 3
25 5
13. Let the number to be subtracted be x. = 
15 3
3 1 1
3  2   3 
Then,    – x = – (iii)   1
4 3 4
4  3   5 
3 1 1 3  2   3 
 x =  –  or   1
4 3 4 4  3   5 
 9 4  1
=    3  3     2  
 12  4 =  4   5      3   1
      
( L.CM. of 4 and 3 is 12.)
5 1 53 8 2  15   12    2  3 
=     =   
12 4 12 12 3  20   3 

2 3 1 9  20 29
Hence, should be subtracted. =   
3 20 3 60 60

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 9

 5 4  5  4 25  24  3  1    3  1
15. The sum of and =   = (ii) 2        2   
6 5  6  5 30  5  6   5 6
( L.C.M of 6 and 5 is 30)
 3  1  
Taking, L.H.S. = 2     
1  5  6 
=
30
 3  6  1  5  
3 7 3 7 = 2   5  6   6  5  
The sum of and =    
5 15 5 15
 18  5    18  5 
9  7 2 = 2        2  
=   30  30    30 
15 15
 13  – 2  30 13
 2   1  4   1  = 2     
Now,   –   =  30  1  30 30
 15   30  30
60 13 60  13 47
=   
4  1 3 1 30 30 30 30
=  
30 30 10
 3   1 
Now, taking, R.H.S. =  2     
 2   2   7 2   2  7   5  6 
16. (i)            
 3  5   10 3  5  10   2  5 3   1 
=    
 1  5 5   6 
 2  2   7
Taking L.H.S.=      
 3  5   10  10 3   1 
=     
 5 5  6 
 2  5  2  3   7
=    
 3  5  5  3   10  10  3   1   7   1 
=       
 5   6   5   6 
 10  –6  7  10   6   7  7  6   1  5   42   5 
=        =     
 15  15  10  15  10  5  6   6  5   30   30 

 10  6  7 4 7  42    5  42  5 47

=     =  
 15  10 15 10 30 30 30
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S
42 73
=   5  7   1 5  7 1 
15  2 10  3 (iii)  8   12    6  8   – 12  6 
    
8 21 8  21 29
=     5  7   1
30 30 30 30 Taking, L.H.S =      
Now, taking  8  12   6

 5  3  7  2   1
2  2  7  2  2  2  7  =    
R.H.S. =    =     8  3  12  2   6
3  5  10  3  5  2  10 
 15  14  1  15   14   1
2   4  7  2  4  7 
     =  24   24   6   24

=
3  10  10  10  10 
     6

 15  14  1 1 1
2 3 2  10 3  3 =    
=     24  6 24 6
3 10 3  10 10  3
1 1 4 1 4
20 9 20  9 29 =   
=    24 6  4 24 24
30 30 30 30
1 4 5
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S. = 
24 24

10 Answer Keys
 5  7 1  9 13 13 9
Now, taking, R.H.S =   (iii)   
8  12 6  7 3 3 7

5  7 1  2  5  7 2  9 13 9  13 117 39
     L.H.S =    
= 7 3 73 21 7
8  12 6  2  8  12 12 
13  9  13   9  117 39
5  7  2  5  5  R.H.S =     
=     3  7  37 21 7
8  12  8  12 
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S
5  3  5  2  15  10 
=     3 1 7
8  3  12  2  24  24  3. (i) Multiplicative inverse of  
7 3 /7 3
15   10  15  10 5
=   1
24 24 24 (ii) Multiplicative inverse of 9 
9
Hence, L.H.S. = R.H.S.
1 1
EXERCISE 1.4 (iii) Multiplicative inverse of 2  1/ 2  2
3 6  3   6 18 9
1. (i)     4 1 5
2 7 27 14 7 (iv) Multiplicative inverse of  5  4 / 5  – 4
12 20  12   20 240 16
(ii)     3  25 5  3  25 5  3 
15 3 15   3  45 3 4. (i)       
5  12 4  5  12 4  3 
17 17   10  170
(iii)   10     34 3  25 15  3  25  15 
5  5  5 =      
5  12 12  5  12 
7  52  7   52  364 1 3  40  –3  40 120
(iv)     =      2
26  28  26  28 728 2 5  12  5  12 60
15 39  15   39 585 9 2  7 35  2  7  2 35 
(v)     (ii)      – 
13 25 13   25  325 5 7  9 18  7  9  2 18 

17  8    17  136 17 2  14 35  2  14 – 35 

(vi) 8     =  –    
24 24 24 3 7  18 18  7  18 
2 3 3 2 2  21  2   21
2. (i)    =  
7 8 8 7 7  18  7  18
2 3 2  (– 3) 6 3 42 1
Taking, L.H.S =     
7 8 78 50 28 =
126 3
3 2 –3  2 6 3 3 6  3  6  270 
Taking, R.H.S =     (iii)    30     
8 7 87 50 28 5 9  5  9 
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S 3  264  792 88
=   
26 26 5  9  45 5
(ii) –6     6 
12 12
2 4 3 2 4 3
5. (i)       
26  6  26 156 5 9 1 5 9 1
Taking, L.H.S = –6    13
12 12 12
2  4 3  2  4 3 
26  26    6  156 L.H.S =       
Now, Taking, R.H.S = –6    5  9 1  5  91 
12 12 12
2 12 2  12
=  
156 5 9 5 9
=
12
24 8
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S = 
45 15

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 11

  2 4  3  24  3 5 1 5  1 5
R.H.S =        (ii)   
 5 9  1  5 9  1 4 2 4 2 8
 5  8
8 3 8  5 24 8
     Reciprocal of  5  1  = Reciprocal of   
=  4 2  8  5
45 1 45 45 15
–4   3  12 4
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S. (iii) 4   3    
9  5  9 5 45 15
10  3   –10 3 
(ii)  6    6 4 15
9  5   9 5   4   3  
Reciprocal of      = Reciprocal of
9
    5 15 4
10  3  6  –10  18  3 4 3  4 12 4
L.H.S =        
9  5  9  5  (iv)
7 9 79 63 21
10  18 180  3 4   4  21
=  4 Reciprocal of    = Reciprocal of   
9   5  45  7 9  21  4

8 5  49  8 15
 10 3   10  3  7. (i)    
R.H.S =    6    6 14 4  15  5 7
 9 5   9   5  
8  5   49  8  15
= 
30  30   6 14  4  15 57
= 6 
45 45 – 1960 120
= 
840 35
180
= 4
45 7 24
= 
3 7
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S
7  7 24  3 49 72
=   
5  11 14   5 11  14 37 73 21 21
(iii)        
7  3 33   7 3  33 49  72 23
= 
21 21
5  11 14  5  11  14 
L.H.S =       8 5  49  8 15 23
7  3 33  7  3  33  Hence,     
14 4  15  5 7 21
5 154 770 10 15 7 4
=    (ii)    5  
7 99 693 9 13 3 13

 5 11  14 15   7   5   4
R.H.S =     = 
 7 3  33  13   3 1  13
105 20 105 20  3
 5  11  14  55  14 =   
=     39 13 39 13  3
 7  3  33  21  33
105 60 105   60 
=  
 55  14  770 10 39 39 39
=   
 21  33  693 9
105  60 45 15
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S. =  
39 39 13
5 7 5   7  35 5
6. (i)     4 9 3 4
7 16 7  16 112 16 (iii)   
99 5 5 99
5  7 
 Rec iproc al of   = Rec iproc al of 4 9 3 4 36 12
7  16   = 
99  5  99 495 495
 5  16 36  12 24 8
  =  
 16  5
495 495 165

12 Answer Keys
 9 1 1 9 9  1 1 9  7 2   9 7  2
8. (i) 3  2  =  3 – 2  (ii)      –  
13 5 3 13 13  5 3 5  9 3   5 9  3

(By distributive law of multiplic ation over 9  7 2 

subtraction) L.H.S. =   
5  9 3 
9  16 7  9 72 9 14
=  –  =   
13  5 3  5 9   3  5 27
9  16  3 7  5 
=  –   9   14 14
13  5  3 3  5  = 5   27   15
9  48 35 
=  –   9 7 2
13  15 15  R.H.S =  –  
 5 9  3
9  48 – 35  9 13
=     9   7 2
13  15  13 15 = 
59 3
9  13 3
=  7  2  7  2
13  15 5
= 5   3   5   3 
2 3 4 2 2 3 4
(ii) 6    6 = 6    
5 7 7 5 5 7 7 14 14
= 
(By distributive law of multiplication over addition) 15 15
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S
2 34
= 6   5  3 2   5 3   5 2 
5  7  (iii)           
9  26 13   9 26   9 13 
32 7 32  7 32
=   
5 7 57 5 5  3 2 
L.H.S =   
2 3 5 2 7 2 2 3 5 7 9  26 13 
(iii) 6    6   6 = 6     
3 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 2
5  3  2  2  
(By distributive law of multiplication over addition) = 9   26   13  2  
  
20  3  5  7 
=   5  3  4  
3  2  = 9   26   26 
  
20 15 20  15
=    50
3 2 32  5  3   4  
= 9   26 
4  6 8   4 6  8  
9. (i)       
3  5 9   3 5  9
5  1  5   1  5
4  6 8  4  6 8  =    
L.H.S =        9  26  9  26 234
3  5 9  3  5 9 
 5 3   5 2 
4  6  8  R.H.S =       
=    9 26   9 13 
3  5 9 

4 16 4   16  64  5   3    5    2  
=    =  
3 15 3  15 45 9  26  9  13 

 4 6  8 15 10 15 10  2
R.H.S =     =   
 3 5  9 234 117 234 117  2
4  6 8 8 8 64 15 20 15  20 5
= 3   5   9 =   = 
234 234

234

234
5 9 45
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 13

 2. Let the required number be x.
6 2 1 6 6  2 1 
(iv)       
13 5 5 13 13  5 5  4 8
Then, ×x=
35 105
6 2 1 6
L.H.S =    8  4  8  35 
13 5 5 13  x =     
105  35  105  4 
6   2  1  6
=  8   35  2
13  5 5  13 = 
105  4 3
12 6 12  6 6
=    2
65 65 65 65 Hence, the required number is .
3
6  2 1  3. Let the required number be x.
R.H.S =   
13  5 5  Then,
5 15
6  2  1  6  1  x =
=      7 56
13  5  13  5 
5 1 –15
  =
6   1  6 7 x 56
= 
13  5 65 1 15 5
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S  = 
x 56 7
1 29 1 15 7 15  7
10. Side of a square field = 7 m= m  =  
4 4 x 56 5 56  5
Area of a square field = (Side)2 1 3
 =
2 x 8
 29   29 29  2
=  m    m
 4   4 4  8
 x =
3
841 2 9
= m = 52 m 2 8
16 16 Hence, the required number is .
3
9 2
Hence, area of the square field = 52 m 5  1  5  3  1  4 
16 4. x + y =    
4  3  4 3  3 4 
EXERCISE 1.5 15  4  15  ( 4)
=  =
5 10 5 39 5  39 3 12  12  12
1. (i)     
13 39 13 10 13  10 2 15  4 11
= 
3 7 3 5 1 1 12 12
(ii)     
–15 5 15 7 7 7 11
 x+y= ...(i)
12
2 13 26 13 26 3
(iii) 8      =2
3 3 3 3 3 13 5  1  5  3  1  4 
and x–y= –    
4  3  43  3 4 
25 15 25 12 25  12 5
(iv)     
36 12 36 15 36  15 9 15 – (–4) 15  4 
= = – 
12 12  12 
36 4 36 11 36  11 9
(v)     
44 11 44 4 44  4 4 15  4
=
12
35 7 35 21 35  21 5
(vi)     
63 21 63 7 63  7 3 19
 x–y= ...(ii)
12

14 Answer Keys
 Now,
 3 6  11  3 33  11
(iv)    =   
11 19 11 12 11  26 33  13  26 6  13
(x + y)  (x – y) =    
12 12 12 19 19
33 13 3
 
=
11 52 11 4
Hence, (x + y)  (x – y) 
19 8. Let the required number be x. Then,
3 2 3 2 4 8
5. Sum of and =  x =
11 5 11 5 5 125
15  22 37 4 1 8
=   =
55 55 5 x 125
3 2 3 2 32 6 1 8 4
Product of and =     = 
11 5 11 5 11  5 55 x 125 5
Now, dividing the sum by product, we get 1 8 5
= 
37 55 x 125 4
37 6 37
 =  =
55 55 55 6 6 1 8 5 2
= 
37 x 125  4 25
Hence, required quotient is .
6 25
 x =
6. Let the other number be x. 2
Then, 25
Hence, the required number is .
56 92 2
x =
3 3 78 8 78 8
9. The sum of and = 
92 56 12 3 12 3
 x = 
3 3 78 8  4 78 32
=   
92 3 92  3 12 3  4 12 12
 x =  
3 56 3  56 78  32 110 55
=  
23 12 12 6
x =
14
78 8 78 8
difference of and = 
23 12 3 12 3
Hence, the required number is .
14
78 32 78  32 46 23
=    
4  2 14  4 2 27 4 2  27  12 12 12 12 6
7. (i)     =        
7  9 27  7  9 14  7  9  14  Now, divide the sum by their difference
4 3 4 7 4 7 4 55 23
=  =    = 
7 7 7 3 73 3 2 6

–5 20 5  –5 13  5 55 6 55
(ii)     =    =  
 39 13  3  39 20  3 6 23 23

1  5  1  3  3  12 1  3  12 28 
=      10. (i)    =   
12  3  12  5  5  35 28  5  35 1 

 1   3   1
=
3  12  28  3  12  4 

=   
12  5 20 5  35  5  5 
1 1 1 1 1
(iii)   3        =
3  –48 

5  6 5 3 6 
5  5 
1 1 1 6 2 3 5 3 1
=     =   
15 6 15 1 5 5 48 48 16

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 15

 EXERCISE 1.6
 2 9   5  =  2  7    5 
(ii)         3 2
 3 7   9   3 9   9  1. The given rational number are and .
7 7
14  5  14 9 14 3 2
=     = The rational number between and
27  9  27 5 15 7 7
11. Let the other number be x. 1  3  2  
= 2   7   7 
2 28   
Then, x =
3 121 1  3   2  
= 2  7

28 2 28 3 42  
 x=    =
121 3 121 2 121
1  5  5
=   
42 2  7  14
Hence, the required number is .
121 5 2
Now, the rational number between and
12. Let the required number be x. 14 7
44 11 1  5  2  
Then, x  =     
7 3 2  14  7  


44 1
× =
11 1  5   4   1  9  9
=      
7 x 3 2  14  2  14  28
1 11  44  9 2
 =   The rational number between and
x 3  7  28 7
11 7 1  9  2   1  9   8  
=  =         
3 44 2  28  7   2  28 
1 7 1  17  17
= =  
x 12 2  28  56
12 3 2
 x = Hence, three rational numbers between and
7 7 7
12 5 9 17
Hence, the required number is  are , , .
7 14 28 56
5 3 2
13. Breadth of a rectangular field = 12 m, 2. The given rational numbers are and .
8 5 5
Length of a rectangular field = ?
3 2
3 The rational number between and .
Area of a rectangular field = 75 sq.m 5 5
4
1  3  2   1   3    2  
3 5 = 2   5   5   2   
 75 sq.m = length × 12 m     5 
4 8
101 303 1  5  1
 length× m= sq.m =   
8 4 2  5  2
 303 101  3 1
 length =   m Now, the rational number between and .
 4 8  5 2
 303 8  1  3  1  1  6   5  
=    m = 3  2  6m = 2   5   2   2   10 
 4 101      
length = 6m
1  11  11
Hence, length of a rectangular field is 6m. =  
2  10  20

16 Answer Keys
 1 11 11
The rational number between and . The rational number between and 3
2 20 6
1  1 11  1  10   11 
=       1  11  1  11  18 
2 2 20  2  20  =   3   
2 6  2  6 
1  21  21
=   1  29  29
2  20  40 =   
2  6  12
21 1
The rational number between and .
40 2 2
Hence, three rational number between and
3
1  21 1  1  21   –20  
= 2   40  2   2   40
 11 15 29
    , , .
6 12 12
1  41  41
=  
2  40  80 1 1
(ii) and
3 2
3 2
Hence, four rational numbers between and
5 5 1 1
1 11 21 41
The rational number between and .
3 2
are , , , .
2 20 40 80
1  1 1  1  –2  3 
3. The rational number between 0 and 1 =      
2  3 2 2  6 
1 1
=   0  1 =
2 2 1 1 1
=  
1 2 6 12
The rational number between 0 and
2
1 1
1  1 1 1 1 The rational number between and .
3 12
= 0      
2  2 2 2 4
1   1 1  1  4  1 
1 =      
The rational number between and 1 2  3 12  2  12 
2
1 1  1  3  3 1
= ×   1 =    
2 2  2  12  24 8
1 3 3 1 1
=  
2 2 4 The rational number between and .
12 2
1 1 3
Hence, rational number between 0 and 1 are , , 1  1  1  1  1  6
4 2 4 = ×    × 
2  12  2   2  12 
2
4. (i) The rational number between and 3.
3 1 7 7
=  
1 2 3 2 12 24
=   
2 3 1
1 1
1  2  9  1 11 11 Hence, three rational number between and
=  3 2
  
2  3  2 3 6
–1 1 7
are , , .
2 11 8 12 24
The rational number between and
3 6
1 5
1  2 11  1  4  11  (iii) The rational number between and
=       6 7
2 3 6  2  6 
1 15 15 1  1 5  1  7  30  37
  =      
= 2  6 7  2  42  84
2 6 12

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 17

 1 37 5 20
Rational number between and Thus, 
6 84 7 26
1  1 37  1  14  37  51 6 9
=       and
2  6 84  2  84  168 16 36
37 5 6 6  2 3 3  3 9
Rational number between and =   
84 7 16 16  2 8 8  3 24
1  37 5  1  37  60  97 6 9
=       Thus, 
2  84 7  2  84  168 16 24
51 37 97 Hence (b) is correct.
Hence, three rational numbers are , , .
168 84 168 14
2.
1 2 27
(iv) The rational number between and H.C.F of 14 and 27 is 1.
9 9
1  1 2  1  1  2  1 14
     So, already in standard form.
=  27
2  9 9  2  9  18
Hence Option (a) is correct
1 1
The rational number between and 3 5 16 13 –3 5 16 13
9 18 3. , , , or , , ,
7 14 56 28 7 14 56 28
1  1 1  1  2  1  1
=       L.C.M of 7, 14, 56, and 28 is 56.
2  9 18  2  18  36
–3 –3  8 24
1 2 = 
The rational number between and 7 78 56
18 9
1  1 2  1  1 4  5 5 5  4 20
= 
=       14 14  4 56
2  18 9  2  18  36
16 16  1 16
1 2 = 
Hence, three rational numbers between and 56 56  1 56
9 9
13 13  2 26
–1 1 5 = 
are , , . 28 28  2 56
36 18 36
16 20 24 26
   
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 56 56 56 56
14 21 16 5 3 13
1. and    
32 35 56 14 7 28
14 14  2 7 7  3 21 Hence, option (c) is correct.
=   
32 32  2 16 16  3 48 4. Let the number to be added be x. Then,
14 21 7
Thus,   x = –2
32 48 3
–15 20  7  –2  7 
and  x = –2      
21 28  3  1  3 
–15 15  3 5 5  4 20 –2  3  7  6  7 
=       – 
21 21  3 7 74 28 =
1 3  3  3  3 
–15 20
Thus,
21
=
28
 6  –  7   6  7
=
3 3
5 20
and 1
7 26 x =
3
5 5  4 20
=  Hence, option (c) is correct.
7 74 28

18 Answer Keys
5. Let the other number be x. Then 4. The product of rational number and its reciprocal
2 29 is 1.
x+ = 5. If x is reciprocal of y, then reciprocal of y is x.
3 21
6. Between two rational numbers x and y, there is a
29 2 29 2  7
 x =    x+ y
21 3 21 3  7 rational number .
2
29 14 29  14
=   7. The negative of negative rational number is the
21 21 21 number itself.
15 5
x =  1
21 7 8. The reciprocal of –7 is .
–7
Hence, option (c) is correct.
9. The two rational numbers which are equal to their
6. Let the other number be x. Then, reciprocals are 1 and –1.
7 21 10. The rational number that does not have its reciprocal
x =
5 40 is zero.
21 7 21 5 C. True or False:
 x =   
40 5 40 7 1. 4 is the smallest composite number. (True)
21  5 3 2. All whole numbers are natural numbers. (False)
= 
40  7 8 32
Hence, option (c) is correct. 3. The rational numbers between 3 and 2 is .
2
21 (False)
7.  4.2
5 4. Every integers is a rational number. (True)
Thus, 4.2 is additive inverse of –4.2 5. Every rational number is an integer. (False)
hence, option (a) is correct. 6. There exists a rational number which is equal to its
negative. (False)
MENTAL MATHS CORNER 7. Between any two rational numbers there are infinite
 3  4 4  3  rational numbers. (True)
A. 1.        8. Every whole number is a rational number. (True)
 7  6 6  7 
Commutative law of addition 9. Rational numbers are closed under the operation
division. (False)
2 1 1 2
2.    10. The difference of two rational numbers is a rational
3 7 7 3 numbers. (True)
Commutative law of multiplication
REVIEW EXERCISE
3 7 1 3 7 3 1
3.        6  6 
2 5 2 2 5 2 2 1. (i) Additive inverse of   
5  5 
Distributive law of multiplication over addition.
3 4 1 3 4 1  6  6
4. =   
       5 5
5 3 5 5 3 5
Associative law of multiplication  2   2  2
(ii) Additive inverse of      
 7   7  7
5  7  8    5  7    –8 
5.        5   5  5
2  3 3  2 3   3  (iii) Additive inverse of    –   
 11   11  11
Associative law of multiplication
1 17
2. (i) Multiplicative inverse of (–17) = 
B. Fill in the blanks:  17  12
2 1 12 17
1. is the multiplicative inverse of 2 . (ii) Multiplicative inverse of 
5 2 17 12
2. For a rational number to be positive, the numerator 3 5  3    5  15
and denominator should be of same sign. (iii)   
8 2 82 16
3. Between two given numbers we may not get and 15 16
integer but always a rational number. Multiplicative inverse of  .
16 15

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 19

 3 91  2   4  91  2  91 91  2  4  2  
4. Three rational numbers greater than –3 are –2, , –1. 8.      =        
2 41  3   3  41  3  41 41  3  3  3  
 2  4   1 11 (distributive law of multiplication over addition)
5.  3   5    2  30
   91  2  4  2  91  4  4 
=     
 2  4   1  2  4   1 41  3  41  3 
L.H.S =       =      
 3  5   2  3  5  2 91  0  91
=     0  0
 2  5  4  3  1 41  3  41
=  3  5   5  3   2 1  2  1  
   9. L.H.S = x × (y + z) =     
7  3  3 
 10  12  1
=    
 15  15  2 1  2   1   1 1 1
=    
7  3  7 3 21
 10 –  12   1
=    1 2   1  1  
 15  2 R.H.S = x × y + y × z =        
 7 3   7  3 
 10  12  1 2 1
=     2  1  2   1  1
 15  2 15 2 =   
21  21  21 21
2  2 1  15 4 15
= –   Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S
15  2 2  15 30 30
10. Length of remaining cord = Total length of cord –
4 – 15  11 sum of length of two pieces
= 
30 30
1 2
= R.H.S = 16 m –  3 m  2 m 
 3 5 
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S
  1 2 
5 2 = 16   3  2   m
6. = 1 : lie between 1 and 2, divide the distance   3 5 
3 3
between 1 and 2 into three equal parts. Starting from
  10 12  
= 16   3  5   m
1 moves towards to (right)2, 2nd mark will represent   

5 2   50  36    86 
= 16     m=  16 –  m
  1 .   15   15 
 3 3
 240 – 86  154 4
5 5 =  m = m  10 m
– : lies between –1 to –2, divide the distance  15  15 15
3 3
between –1 to –2 into three equal parts starting from 4
Hence, the length of remaining cord = 10 m
–1, moves towards left (–2), 2nd mark will represent 15
5 9 2 3 4 9 2 3 4
on the number line 11. –  – =   
3 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
9  2  3  4 12  6 6
–2 –5 –1 0 1 5 2 =  
7 7 7
3 3
3 4
7. Let the required number be x. Then 12. (i) If a = ,b= , |a × b|=|a| × |b|
2 5
8 3 4 3  4
 x = 32  
13 L.H.S |a × b| =
2 5 25
 8   13  12 12
 x = 32    = 32    
 13   8  = 10 10
32   13  R.H.S = |a × b| =|a|
x =
8 3 4 3 4 12
x = –52 =    
2 5 2 5 10
Hence, required number is –52.
Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S

20 Answer Keys
 3. Let the number be x. Then,
(ii) a  b  a – b
2 3
3 4 x– x1
L.H.S ab = – 3 5
2 5
2 3
15  8 23 23   – x = 1
=   3 5
10 10 10
 10  9 
3 4   x = 1
R.H.S = a – b = –  15 
2 5
1
3 4 15  8 7  x =1
= –   15
2 5 10 10
 x = 15
Thus, ab  a – b
Hence, the required number is 15.
Hence, ab |
 a–b
4 10
13. x 
9 3 VALUE BASED QUESTION
4 1 10 SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
 
9 x 3
1 10 4 (a) Rational number between –3 and 0
 = 
x 3 9 1
= × (– 3 + 0)
1 10 9 2
= ×
x 3 4 1 3
= × (– 3) =
1 10  9 15 2 2
= 
x 34 2 3
Rational number between –3 and
2 2
x =
15
1    3  
HOTS QUESTION = ×  3   
2   2  
2
1. The Cost of 3 m of cloth = ` 442 1   6   3  
5 = ×  
2  2  2  
 2
 The cost of 1m of cloth = `  442  3 
 5 1   6  (  3)  1  6  3
= ×  = ×
 17  2  2  2  2 
= `  442  
 5  1  9 9
= × =
 5   442  5  2  2  4
= `  442   = `  
 17   17 
3
= `130 Rational number between and 0
2
Hence, the cost of per metre of cloth is `130.
 1 3   1  3
2. Additive inverse of 5 is –5 and multiplicative inverse = ×  0 = ×
1 2  2  2  2 
of 5 
5 3
=
1 4
Now, required sum = – 5 
5 Hence, three rational numbers between –3 and 0
5 1 25  1 9 3 3
=   are , , .
1 5 5 4 2 4
(b) Yes, we get infinite opportunities in our life.
24 4
=  4 God gives infinite opportunities to each person in
5 5 the life to achieve their goals.
4
Hence, required sum = 4 .
5
Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 21