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SDLC Interview Questions

1) What is SDLC?

SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) is the process of developing software through

business needs, analysis, design, implementation and Release & maintenance.

2) What is STLC?

The process of testing software in a well planned and systematic way is known as software

testing life cycle(STLC).

Different organizations have different phases in STLC however generic Software Test Life

Cycle (STLC) consists of the following phases. 

i) Test Planning

ii) Test Design

iii) Test Execution

iv) Evaluating the Exit criteria

v) Test Closure

3) What is the difference between SDLC and STLC?

Software Development Life Cycle involves the complete Verification and Validation of a

Process or a Project.

Whereas Software Testing Life Cycle involves only Validation.

Software Development Life Cycle involves business requirement specifications, Analysis,

Design,Software requirement specifications, Development Process(Coding and Application

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development), Testing Process(Preparation of Test Plan,Preparation of Test

cases,Testing,Bug reporting,Test Logs & Test Reports), Release and Maintainence .

Whereas Software Testing Life Cycle involves Preparation of Test Plan, Preparation of Test

cases,Test execution ,Bug reporting & Tracking, Re & Regression Testing and Test Closure.

STLC is a Part of SDLC.

4) What is Waterfall Model?

Waterfall Model is one of the most widely used Software Development Process.It is also

called as "Linear Sequential model". 

It is widely used in the commercial development projects. In this model, we move to next

phase(step) after getting input from previous phase, like in a waterfall, water flows down

to from the upper steps.

5) What are the advantages of Waterfall Model?

i) Simple and easy to use

ii) Easy to manage due to the rigidity of the model- each phase has
specific deliverables and a review process.

iii) Phases are processed and completed one at a time.

 
iv) Works well for smaller projects where requirements are very well
understood. 

6) What are the disadvantages of Waterfall Model?

i) No working software is produced until late during the life cycle

ii) High amount of risk and uncertainty

iii) Poor model for complex and object oriented projects.

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iv) Poor model for Long and ongoing projects

v) Poor Model where requirements are at a moderate to high risk of

changing.

7) What is V Model?

A framework to describe the software development life cycle activities from

requirements specification to maintenance. 

The V-model illustrates how testing activities can be integrated into each phase of the

software development life cycle.

8)  What are the advantages of V Model?

o    Tester role will take place in the requirement phase it self

o    Multiple stages of Testing available so that Defects

multiplication can be reduced. 
 
o    Can be used for any type of requirements

o    Due to Multiple stages of Testing and Multiple teams

involvement Quality can be improved.

o   The V Model Supports wide range of development methodologies

such as Structured and Object oriented systems development.

o   The V Model supports tailoring. 

9) What are the disadvantages of V Model?

o  It an expensive model than Waterfall model, needs lot of

resources, budget and time.
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o  Co-ordination and Maintenance are difficult.

o  Adoption of changes in Requirements and Adding New

Requirements at middle of the process are difficult.

o  It needs an established process for proper implementation. 

10) What is Prototype Model?

It begins with requirements gathering. Developers and Customers meet and define the

overall objectives of the software.

Developers prepare design documents using all available requirements then build the

prototypes, prototypes are sent to Customer, and Customer evaluates Prototypes and

gives feedback. Developers redefine Requirements, modify software design and produce

modified Prototypes. Process will be continued like this, after getting Customer’s

confirmation Developers Start Regular process; Software Design, Coding

(Implementation), Testing and Release & Maintenance.

The Objective of this approach is getting clear (Complete and Correct) Requirements from

Customers in order to avoid Defects multiplication.

11) What are the advantages of Prototype Model?

o    The customer doesn’t need to wait long as in the Linear Model or Waterfall Model.

o    Feedback from customer is received periodically and the changes don’t come as a last

minute surprise.

o    Customer’s interaction improves the Quality as well success rate.

12) What are the disadvantages of Prototype Model?

o    It is an expensive approach and time taking process when its compare to sequential

models like Waterfall model.

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o    Customer could believe the prototype as the working version.

o    Developer also could make the implementation compromises.

o    Once Requirements finalized then adopting changes in Requirements and adding New

Requirements are difficult.

13) What is Agile development methodology?

14) What is Scrum methodology in Agile Software development?

There are different methodologies, which are a part of the agile model. The most famous

one is scrum methodology. Like all the other agile computer programming, scrum is also

an iterative and incremental methodology. This methodology is different than the other

methodologies because, the idea of empirical process control was introduced in this

process. As a matter of fact, scrum was introduced for software project management.

However, it was eventually also used for software maintenance. 

The best part of the scrum methodology is that it makes use of real world progress of a

project, which is used for planning and scheduling releases. The entire computer software

project is divided into small parts known as sprints. The duration of sprint can range from

one week to three weeks. At the end of the duration of the sprint, the team members

along with the stakeholders meet. This meeting helps in assessing the progress of the

project and chalk out the further plan of action. This assessment helps in taking stalk of

the current state of affairs and rework the line of work and complete the project on time

and not just speculate or predict the further outcome.

15) What spiral model?

The Spiral Life Cycle Model is a type of iterative software development model which is

generally implemented in high risk projects. 

It was first proposed by Boehm. In this system development method, we combine the

features of both, waterfall model and prototype model. In Spiral model we can arrange all

the activities in the form of a spiral.

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16) What is Requirements gathering phase in SDLC, explain it?

This is an initial stage in SDLC; in this stage business analyst category people gather

requirements from the customer and document them, the document called BRS (Business

requirements specification) or CRS (customer requirements specification) or URS (user

requirements specification) or PRD (product requirements specification) or BDD (business

design document)

NOTE:

.  Document name may vary from one company to another but process is same

.  In software application development BA category people gather requirements from a

specific customer

.  In software product development BA category people gather requirements from model

customers in the market 

17) What is BRS in Software Development?

BRS is Business Requirement Specification which means the client who want to make the

application gives the specification to software development organization and then the

organization convert it to SRS (Software requirement Specification) as per the need of the

software.

18) What is SRS in Software Development?

Software Requirements Specification (SRS) is a perfect detailed description of the behavior

of the system to be developed.

SRS document is an agreement between the developer and the customer  covering the

functional and non functional requirements of the software to be developed. 

SRS document consists of 2 sub documents

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i) System Requirements Specification

ii) Functional Requirements Specification

SRS can be derived from BRS Document and it is technical document.  

19) What is HLD or Global design?

High Level Design gives the overall System Design in terms of Functional Architecture and

Database design. It designs the over all architecture of the entire system from main

module to all sub module.  

20) What is LLD or Detailed design?

Low Level Design the view of the application developed during the high level design is

broken down into modules and programs. Logic design is done for every program and then

documented as program specifications. For every program, a unit test plan is created. 

21) Explain about the software release process?

 PM (Project Manager) forms Release Team, Release team consists

of a few developers, testers,project management executive, and
system administrator

Release Team goes to customer place and deploys software.

Release Team provides some training to the customer site people (if
required)

22) Explain about the software maintenance process?  

PM (Project Manager) forms Maintenance Team, Maintenance team

consists of a few developers, testers, and project management
executive
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CCB receives customer change requests and perform required

changes

  Maintenance(3 types)
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a) Modifications 
    i) Corrective changes
    ii) Enhancements

b) Migration
Migrating from old technology to new technology

(ex: windows 98 to Vista/windows 7)

Ms Access to SQL Server/Oracle)

c) Retirement
Retiring the Old system and developing New system

(Ex: II-tier application to web application)