PREFACE

English for Law is written to meet the needs of students who want to learn English for Specific
Purposes. This book is intended to help students improve their communicative and meaningful
English abilities in an academic setting.
It is made up of fourteen units. Each unit includes portions on reading, writing, speaking, and
listening. The reading component consists primarily of pre-reading, reading comprehension, and
vocabulary tasks connected to the text's topic. Some reading parts, however, include additional real
texts and exercises. Some structures and phrase patterns are offered in the writing part, ranging from
the easiest to the most challenging challenges. Meanwhile, in the speaking phase, students are given
models and examples, which are followed by practical activities presented in a variety of methods.
The listening part contains a listening drill with authentic material. The resources have been
organized and evaluated in accordance with the language levels of the students.
Criticisms and recommendations for improved editions are much appreciated in order to
improve the quality of this textbook.

The writers

2
Table of Contents
PREFACE ....................................................................................................................................................... 2
WHAT IS A LAW? ........................................................................................................................................ 5
INDONESIAN LAW .................................................................................................................................... 15
PRIVATE /CIVIL LAW ............................................................................................................................... 24
THE CRIMINAL LAW ................................................................................................................................ 39
CONTRACT LAW ....................................................................................................................................... 47
LEGISLATION ............................................................................................................................................ 54
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CRIMES .............................................................................................................. 62
LAWYERS AND JUDGES .......................................................................................................................... 71
COMMON LAW VS STATUTE LAW ....................................................................................................... 79
MORTGAGE LAW ...................................................................................................................................... 84
THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW ................................................................................................. 88
FAMILY LAW ............................................................................................................................................. 92
COMMON LAW SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................... 101
CONTINENTAL SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................ 109
References ................................................................................................................................................... 110

3
Introduction

To students: This module teaches you legal English vocabulary as well as fundamental English
grammar. Each chapter allows you to practice speaking, reading, writing and listening in legal
English. Every chapter includes exercises in conversation, grammar, reading, and writing.
We try to write the chapters so that they are easy to understand. Your teacher will help you
understand the hard ideas and figure out what the words mean.
We hope that this lesson will be fun for you to learn. It was written with you in mind.

To students: This book is meant to help you teach English grammar and basic legal English to people
who speak Indonesian. It tries to teach vocabulary and grammar by using examples and references
from Indonesia. It was written at first to be used with the Indonesia Supreme Court's Stage Judicial
Training Program, but it could also be used in any beginning legal English course.
Each chapter has a short conversation that students can read out loud to practice. After this comes
to both legal and everyday language. Next, a rule of grammar is explained, and exercises are given
to help the idea stick. Lastly, there is a short reading that describes a legal case from Indonesia.
After the reading, there are questions to help with understanding and vocabulary and to give students
a chance to talk and write.
By the end of this course, students will have learned the basics of English grammar and a lot of legal
English vocabulary in the context of the Indonesian legal system. They will also have had a chance
to practice reading, writing, listening, and speaking.
This book is for beginners, but it also explains some difficult ideas. This means that a good, active
teacher is needed to make the hard ideas come to life. It also assumes that the teacher will teach
basic words like colors, numbers, etc. when they are useful.

4
 UNIT 1

Getting ready
Name these professions. Use the first letter as a clue

C______ P_____

J____ L_____

Let’s read
WHAT IS A LAW?
Where people live together, they usually agree on rules about conduct
and procedures. They do this so that the group may better achieve its
objectives and to ensure the rights of its individual members are respected and
protected. Schools have rules specifically for these purposes. Families too might have rules,
determined by parents, to ensure the safety and security of younger members. Society has
certain unwritten rules that reflect social and cultural values, such as an expectation that
individuals display courtesy and good manners, observe things like queues and keep to the left
on escalators.
A law is the highest form of rule and protects individuals by determining what is
acceptable behaviour and conduct. Laws are considered a fundamental element of civilized
society: maintaining order, ensuring good conduct and protecting the human and civil rights of
individuals. Without a system of laws, society would most likely degenerate into disorder and
anarchy.
The law is fundamentally important – but it is not perfect. The law is only as fair and
effective as those who develop, implement and oversee it. Martin Luther King correctly
observed that “everything that Hitler did in Germany was ‘legal” and everything the Hungarian
freedom fighters did in Hungary was “illegal.” It was “illegal” to aid and comfort a Jew in

5
Hitler’s Germany. At the beginning of the 1930s, Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Party exploited
widespread and deep-seated discontent in Germany to attract popular and political support so
that hitler is protected by the law at the time. The law is not above debate, criticism or
challenge. The law must be flexible, receptive to suggested reform and capable of change. As
people and society changes, so too must the law.

Legal Vocabulary

Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. Anarchy ……………………………………
2. Courtesy ……………………………………
3. Degenerate ……………………………………
4. Disorder ……………………………………
5. Display ……………………………………
6. Oversee ……………………………………
7. Protected ……………………………………

Task 1.
In which paragraph are the following information found? One is done for you.
No. Information Paragraph
1 Martin Luther King correctly observed that
3
“everything that Hitler did in Germany was ‘legal’.”
2 The law is fundamentally important – but it
………………………..
is not perfect.
3 A law is the highest form of rule and protects
individuals by determining what is ………………………..
acceptable behaviour and conduct.
4 Laws are considered a fundamental element
………………………..
of civilized society.
5 Schools have rules specifically for these purposes. ………………………..

6
Task 2
Decide if the following information about the reading passage are true (T) or false (F). If you
check (√) false, correct the statements to make it true.
true false
1. Families should have rules to ensure the security for younger members.
Correction:
2. The law must be unreceptive to suggested reform and incapable of change.
Correction:
3. The law is fundamentally essential and perfect, but important.
Correction:
4. A law can be called as the highest form of rule.
Correction:
5. The society unwritten rules reflect the cultural values of Law.
Correction:

Grammar

Verb "To Be"

How to Use "To Be" in English

The verb "to be" is the most common verb in English. It has 8 different forms: be, am, is, are,
was, were, being, been.
This graphic shows how the different forms are used. "To be" is a special verb because it can
be used as a main verb or an auxiliary verb. As a main verb, it means "exist," "occur," or
"happen." As an auxiliary verb (or helping verb), the meaning comes from the verb it is helping.
Look at these examples:

1. "To be" as a main verb:

- I am here. (I "exist" here.)
- The meeting was in London. (The meeting "happened" in London.)

2. "To be" as an auxiliary verb:

- I am working at home. (Here, "to be" is an auxiliary verb helping the verb "to work.")

7
 - Tom was painting the fence yesterday. (Here, "to be" is an auxiliary verb helping the
verb "to paint.")

When used as an auxiliary verb, "to be" helps to show the tense of the verb it is helping.
"Am," "is," and "are" are used to show the present progressive tense. For example:
- Tom is cleaning the car.
"Was" and "were" are used to show the past progressive tense. For example:
- Tom and Alice were cleaning the car.

3. The Different Forms of "To Be"

- "Be" is the base form.

- "Am," "Is," and "Are" are the present tense forms.

I am happy. We are happy.

You are happy. You are happy.

He/she/it is happy. They are happy.

- "Was" and "Were" are the past tense forms.

I was sad. We were sad.

You were sad. You were sad.

He/she/it was sad. They were sad.

- "Being" is the present participle.

As a present participle, "being" is mostly used as an auxiliary verb.
 The cows are being milked. (Here, the meaning comes from the verb "to milk." The
verbs "are" and "being" are both auxiliary verbs.)
When "being" is not an auxiliary verb, it has a meaning like "existing in a state of."

8
  You are being silly. (Notice that "to be" is both the auxiliary verb ("are") and the
main verb ("being") in this example.)

- "Been" is the past participle.

As a past participle, "been" is mostly used as an auxiliary verb.
 The cows have been milked. (As before, the meaning comes from the verb "to milk."
The verbs "have" and "been" are both auxiliary verbs.)
When "been" is not an auxiliary verb, it has a meaning like "existed in a state of."
 You have been naughty. (Here, "have" is an auxiliary verb helping “been.”)

IS –subject : He. She. It

PRESENT AM-subject: I
ARE-Subject: They, We, You
To Be

WAS- Subject: I, He, She,It

PAST WERE-Subject: They, We, You

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/present-simple-forms-of-to-be/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5lBfILaF4s

9
Let’s Write
Write short autobiography
Expression for
introducing name.
My name is Kautsar Yuwono, I You may also use “I
was born in Serang Banten on May am.”
01, 1998. I am the first child Budi
Yuwono and Tini Sugiyanti. I am
only child. I come from Serang, but Expressions for
now I live Jakarta. stating place. You
may also use “I am
from.”
I am a student of Law
department at University of
Muhammadiyah Malang. I take Law Expression for
as my major because I am really stating our major.
interested in being a lawyer in the You may use other
future. I enjoy being a university expressions such as
student very much. “my major is”

I am interested in reading books, Expressions for

especially biography, during my stating hobbies. You
spare time. I also love soccer and may use another
martial arts. expression like “my
hobby is ..... “I am
interested in……”

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Task 3
Complete the form below with your personal information and write your own autobiography
in the following box.

Name : ........................................................................................
Place and Date of Birth : ........................................................................................
Address : ........................................................................................
Hobby : ........................................................................................
Parents : ........................................................................................
Brother(s) : ........................................................................................
Sister(s) : ........................................................................................

…………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Your ………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Photo ………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………

Let’s Listen

https://english-practice.net/practice-listening-english-exercises-for-
a1-introductions-and-names/

11
Let’s Speak
Figure out how to introduce ourself

Self Introduction

Hello, My name is Fiona

Jasmine. I come from
Kragilan, Serang Banten. I
was born on October 23,
2003. I am a university
student majoring Law
Introduction
Department of Bina
Bangsa University

In my free time, I like

listening western music.
The genre of music I like
the most is POP music.
Besides I also enjoy
watching Korean movie Hobby
and travelling

After graduating from

university, I want to take
active part in developing
my country especially in
Law, by working in
Future dream/
Department in Law and
Goal
Human Rights.

12
 Conversation

Instructions: Working with a partner, repeat this dialogue aloud.

1. Student A: Where do you work?
Student B: I work at the court.
2. Student A: Are you a police officer?
Student B: No. I am a judge.
3. Student B: What is your job?
Student A: I am a police officer.

After finding out how to introduce yourself, let’s try to introduce others.

“Hai! Let me introduce my friend to you,

Yudi. She is Diana. She comes from
Pandeglang. She is my classmate at
Department of Law in UNIBA.”

“Hi! Nice to meet

you, Yudi.”
“Hi, Nice to meet
you too, Diana”

13
 Exercise

https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening/a1-listening/introducing-friend

14
 UNIT 2

Getting ready
Do you know what kind of symbol this is? Discuss with your friends.

……..……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………..……………………………………………………
………..…………………………………………………………………………………………
……..……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………..……………………………………………………
………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

Let’s read
INDONESIAN LAW
Indonesian law is based on Continental or Roman law, which was
introduced by Dutch traders in 1602 and was formed by the Dutch government
in 1856. Since Dutch occupied the Indonesia archipelago for 350 years, they
also applied their law in Indonesia to govern any relationship between inhabitants with them1
or among themselves2. When Indonesia declared its3 freedom, the Dutch law is still used to
fulfil the absence of law in the new nation4. Therefore, basically, Indonesian law is similar to
Dutch law which5 is based on Roman law.

15
 There are two main categories of Indonesian law. One is known as private law, and the
other is criminal law. These two categories have differences in their scopes and their
procedures.

Legal
LegalVocabulary
Vocabulary

Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. Private Law ...........…………….....
2. Private Relation ...........…………….....
3. Private Action ...........…………….....
4. Regulate ...........…………….....
5. Citizen ……..............………..
6. Commercial Law ...........…………….....
7. Population Group ...........…………….....
8. European Group ...........…………….....
9. Native Group ...........…………….....
10. Foreign Oriental Group ...........…………….....
11. Customary Law ...........…………….....
12. Procedure ...........…………….....
13. Plaintiff ...........…………….....
14. Defendant ...........…………….....
15. Liable ...........…………….....
16. Damages ...........…………….....

16
TASK ONE
Find the right definition for each term below.

History connected with the law and administration

a systematic narrative of past events about

Legal
particular people, country, period,

the group of people who are responsible for making

parliamen the laws in some kinds of government

Legacy originating in characteristic of a particular

something (such as property or money) that is

indigenieou received from someone who has died

declaration a formal announcement about important issue

the system of fundamental principles according to

constitution
which a nation, state, corporation are governed

not influenced or controlled by others in matters of

colonial
opinion, conduct and perception

17
 Grammar

Questions -Word Order and Questions Words

1. Questions Without Question Words and Be

Subject and verb change their position in statement and question.
 Sentence: You are from Germany.
 Question: Are you from Germany?
We always use the short answer, not only Yes or No. That's why questions without
question words are also called YES/NO-questions.

2. Questions with question words and be

3. Questions without question words and have

18
4. Questions with question words and have

5. Questions without question words in the Simple Present

6. Questions with question words in the Simple Present

7. Questions without question words in the Simple Past

19
8. Questions with question words in the Simple Past

9. Subject question

10. Object question

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/questions/

20
Let’s Write

https://test-english.com/writing/a1/writing-about-my-family/

Let’s Listen
https://test-english.com/listening/a1/describing-people-a1-english-listening-test/

21
 Let’s speak

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0YQX7gGkQs

Task
Match the image below with the correct description

( ) old woman with gray hair

( ) beautiful brunette girl with long hair and blue eyes
( ) pretty blond woman with short hair and black eyes
( ) little boy with brown hair and black eyes
( ) cute little black girl
( ) brunette young man with a beard and moustache
( ) middle-aged bald man
( ) attractive boy with brown hair and green eyes

22
 Exercise

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/questions/
https://test-english.com/writing/a1/a-description-of-my-house-a1-english-writing/3/

23
 UNIT 3

Getting Ready
Study the following case with your friends!

Let’s read
PRIVATE /CIVIL LAW
The private law means the law, which regulates private relation such as
law relating to business, contracts, marriage and divorce. The private law is also
known as Civil Law that concerns disputes among citizen within a country. For
legal purposes, inhabitants of the Indonesia archipelago have been divided into three
“population group”. Namely European Group, Native Group and Foreign Oriental Group.
According to Article 131 (2)(a) IS, the civil and commercial law applicable to the European
Group must be the same as the private law in force in Nederlands. This principles known as
the principle of concordance (concordantie). The civil and commercial regulation for the Native
Group, must be based on Adat Law, i.e.7 on indigenous customs and religion, and the private
law for Foreign Oriental Group is basically same with European Group except the customary
law which8 brought by Foreign Oriental from their places of origin.

24
 The procedure of private law is different with criminal law. The party bringing a private
action is called plaintiff and the party suspected do something wrong is called defendant. Once
the plaintiff has shown that the defendants liable, the main argument in a private court then is
about the amount of money, or damages, which9 the defendant should pay to the plaintiff. Civil
law is a body of rules that defines and protects the private rights of citizens, offers legal
remedies that may be sought in a dispute, and covers areas of law such as contracts, torts,
property, and family law. Civil law is derived from the laws of ancient Rome which used
doctrines to develop a code that determined how legal issues would be decided.
Civil law cases are divided into four main categories, each covering a range of issues.
The first is Contract law that deals with agreements between two or more parties, each of which
is obligated to hold up their portion of the agreement. For example, two parties enter into
agreement for the lease of an apartment. If one party violates any of the provisions of the
contract, they have committed a civil wrong known as “breach of contract.” The second
category is Tort law which deals with personal injury and civil wrongdoing. A tort is a civil
wrong, done by one person or entity to another which results in injury or property damage, and
frequently involves monetary compensation to the injured party.
Property law, another category of civil law, covers both personal property and real
property. Personal property can be tangible, such as jewellery, animals, and merchandise, or
intangible such as patents, copyrights, stocks, and bonds. Real property refers to land and
anything built on it that cannot be easily removed, as well as anything under the surface of the
land, such as oil and minerals. Furthermore, Family law is the branch of civil law that deals
with marriage, divorce, annulment of child custody, adoption, birth, child support, and any
other issues affecting families.

25
 Legal Vocabulary

Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. Private Law ...........…………….....
2. Private Relation ...........…………….....
3. Private Action ...........…………….....
4. Regulate ...........…………….....
5. Citizen ……..............………..
6. Commercial Law ...........…………….....
7. Population Group ...........…………….....
8. European Group ...........…………….....
9. Native Group ...........…………….....
10. Foreign Oriental Group ...........…………….....
11. Customary Law ...........…………….....
12. Procedure ...........…………….....
13. Plaintiff ...........…………….....
14. Defendant ...........…………….....
15. Liable ...........…………….....
16. Damages ...........…………….....

Task one
Based on the reading passage, check (√) whether the information is True or False

True False
1. Civil law is made to organize and secure the private rights of
citizens.
2. According contract law, if one party adhere to the contract, they are
considered as “breach of contract”.

3. Personal injury and civil wrongdoing are covered by tort law.

4. Real property can be tangible, such as jewellery and animals.

5. Marriage, divorce, and adoption are protected by the family law.

26
Task 2. Read the passage and complete the following chart

Grammar

Parts of Speech

Every word is a part of speech. The term “part of speech” refers to the role a word plays in a
sentence. And like any workplace or TV show with an ensemble cast, these roles were designed
to work together. Read on to learn about the different parts of speech that the words we use
every day fall into, and how we use them together to communicate ideas clearly.

27
The 8 parts of speech

1. Verb
Verbs are words that describe actions, whether physical or mental. Verbs also describe a
“state of being,” like the verbs be, become, or exist.
 Action verb intransitive : arrive, rise, wait, come, go, smile, wait.
 Linking verb : taste, be, remain, act, look seem.

2. Noun
A noun is a word that name something, such as a person, place, thing, or idea. In a sentence,
nouns can play the role of subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, object
complement, appositive, or adjective. Types of nouns
 Nouns can name a person:
- Albert Einstein
- The President
- My Mother
- A Girl
 Nouns can also name a place:
- Mount Vesuvius
- Disneyland

28
 - My Bedroom
 Nouns can also name things, although sometimes they might be intangible things, such
as concepts, activities, or processes. Some might even be hypothetical or imaginary
things.
- Shoe
- Faucet
- Freedom
- The Elder Wand
- Basketball
 Proper Nouns Vs. Common Nouns
One important distinction to be made is whether a noun is a proper noun or a common
noun. A proper noun is a specific name of a person, place, or thing, and is always
capitalized.
Example:
- Does Tina have much homework to do this evening?
(Tina is the name of a specific person.)
- I would like to visit Old Faithful.
(Old Faithful is the specific name of a geological phenomenon.)
The opposite of a proper noun is a common noun, sometimes known as a generic noun.
A common noun is the generic name of an item in a class or group and is not capitalized
unless appearing at the beginning of a sentence or in a title.
Example:
- The girl crossed the river.
(Girl is a common noun; we do not learn the identity of the girl by reading this
sentence, though we know the action she takes. River is also a common noun in this
sentence.)
 Types of common nouns
Common or generic nouns can be broken down into three subtypes: concrete nouns,
abstract nouns, and collective nouns. A concrete noun is something that is perceived by
the senses; something that is physical or real.
Example:
- I heard the doorbell.
- My keyboard is sticky.

29
 (Doorbell and keyboard are real things that can be sensed.)
Conversely, an abstract noun is something that cannot be perceived by the senses.
Example:
- We can’t imagine the courage it took to do that.
(Courage is an abstract noun. Courage can’t be seen, heard, or sensed in any other
way, but we know it exists.)
A collective noun denotes a group or collection of people or things.
Example:
- That pack of lies is disgraceful.
(Pack of lies as used here is a collective noun. Collective nouns take a singular verb
as if they are one entity – in this case, the singular verb is.)
- A pride of lions roamed the savanna.
(Pride of lions is also a collective noun.)
 Nouns as subjects
Every sentence must have a subject, and that subject will always be a noun. The subject
of a sentence is the person, place, or thing that is doing or being the verb in that sentence.
Example:
- Maria is happy.
(Maria is the subject of this sentence and the corresponding verb is a form of to be
(is).)
 Nouns as objects
Nouns can also be objects of a verb in a sentence. An object can be either a direct object
(a noun that receives the action performed by the subject) or an indirect object (a noun
that is the recipient of a direct object).
Example:
- Give the books to her.
(Books is a direct object (what is being given) and her is the indirect object (who
the books are being given to).)
 Nouns as subject and object complements
Another type of noun use is called a subject complement. In this example, the noun
teacher is used as a subject complement.
Example:
- Mary is a teacher.

30
 (Subject complements normally follow linking verbs like to be, become, or seem.
A teacher is what Mary is.)
A related usage of nouns is called an object complement.
Example:
- I now pronounce you husband and wife.
(Husband and wife are nouns used as object complements in this sentence. Verbs
that denote making, naming, or creating are often followed by object
complements.)
 Appositive nouns and nouns as modifiers
An appositive noun is a noun that immediately follows another noun in order to further
define or identify it.
Example:
- My brother, Michael, is six years old.
(Michael is an appositive here, further identifying the subject of the sentence, my
brother.)
Sometimes, nouns can be used adjectivally as well.
Example:
- He is a speed demon.
(Speed is a normally a noun, but here it is acting as an adjective to modify demon.)
 Plural nouns
Plural nouns, unlike collective nouns, require plural verbs. Many English plural nouns
can be formed by adding -s or -es to the singular form, although there are many
exceptions.
Example:
- cat—cats
- These two cats are both black.
 Plural verb
Example:
- tax—taxes
- house—houses
 Countable nouns vs. uncountable nouns

31
 Countable nouns are nouns which can be counted, even if the number might be
extraordinarily high (like counting all the people in the world). Countable nouns can be
used with a/an, the, some, any, a few, and many.
Example:
- Here is a cat.
(Cat is singular and—obviously—countable.) : Here are a few cats.
Here are some cats.
 Uncountable nouns, or mass nouns, are nouns that come in a state or quantity which is
impossible to count; liquids are uncountable, as are things that act like liquids (sand,
air). They are always considered to be singular, and can be used with some, any, a little,
and much.
Example:
- An I.Q. test measures intelligence.
(Intelligence is an uncountable noun.)
- Students don’t seem to have much homework these days.
(This example refers to an unspecified, unquantifiable amount of homework, so
homework is an uncountable noun.)
 Possessive nouns
Possessive nouns are nouns which possess something; i.e., they have something. You
can identify a possessive noun by the apostrophe; most nouns show the possessive with
an apostrophe and an s.
Example:
- The cat’s toy was missing.
(The cat possesses the toy, and we denote this by use of ’s at the end of cat.)
When a singular noun ends in the letter s or z, the same format often applies. This is a
matter of style, however, and some style guides suggest leaving off the extra s.
Example:
- I have been invited to the boss’s house for dinner.

- Mrs. Sanchez’s coat is still hanging on the back of her chair.

Plural nouns ending in s take only an apostrophe to form a possessive.
Example:
- My nieces’ prom dresses were exquisite.

32
3. Adjective
Adjectives are words that modify nouns. They are often called “describing words” because
they give us further details about a noun, such as what it looks like (the white horse), how
many there are (the three boys) or which one it is (the last house). Adjectives do not modify
verbs or other adjectives. Most often, adjectives are easy to identify in a sentence because
they fall right before the nouns they modify.
Example:
- The old clock hung upon the wall.
- A white horse galloped across the lush, green grass.
- Have you met our three handsome boys?
- Ours is the last house on the street.
 Although many adjectives fall before the nouns they modify, as in the examples
above, those used in sentences or clauses with linking verbs fall after the nouns they
modify. Linking verbs describe a state of being rather than an action; the most
common linking verb is to be, and others include sense verbs like appear, seem, look,
smell, sound, and taste.
Example:
- Cynthia is fatigued.
- Those muffins look delicious.
- The sunrise seemed golden.
- Do you think this spaghetti sauce tastes spicy?

4. Adverb
Adverb berfungsi untuk memberikan keterangan.
 Adverb of manner contohnya, fast, softly, quickly, well, slowly, hard
 Adverb of time, contohnya yesterday, this morning, this afternoon, daily, recently,
tonight, early.
 Adverb of degree, contohnya enough, so, very, too, quite, just, almost.
 Adverb of frequency contohnya usually, rarely, always, often, sometimes, barely, daily.
 Adverb of place, contohnya behind, in, below, above, somewhere, nearby

33
5. Pronoun
Pronouns are short words we swap in for other nouns to make our writing and speech faster
and more varied. They’re words like: They, I, You, Who, Themselves, Each other
1. Personal Pronouns
When you think of pronouns, you most likely think of personal pronouns. Personal
pronouns are pronouns that refer to specific individuals and groups. Personal pronouns
include: I, You, We, They, He, She, It, Them.
2. Relative Pronouns
When you think of pronouns, you most likely think of personal pronouns. Personal
pronouns are pronouns that refer to specific individuals and groups. Personal pronouns
include: who, which, whom, whose.
3. Demonstrative Pronoun
That, this, these, and those are demonstrative pronouns. They take the place of a noun
or noun phrase that has already been mentioned or is clear through context, either in
written or verbal communication.
4. Interrogative pronouns
Interrogative pronouns are used in questions. The interrogative pronouns are who, what,
which, and whose.
5. Indefinite pronouns
Indefinite pronouns are used when you need to refer to a person or thing that doesn’t
need to be specifically identified. Some common indefinite pronouns are one, other,
none, some, anybody, everybody, and no one.
6. Possessive pronouns
Possessive pronouns are pronouns that show possession. They include the following:
mine, your, hers, his.
7. Reciprocal pronouns
There are only two reciprocal pronouns: Each other and One another
8. Reflexive pronouns
Reflexive pronouns end in -self or -selves: myself, yourself, ourselves, themselves.
9. Intensive pronouns
Intensive pronouns look the same as reflexive pronouns, but their purpose is different.
Intensive pronouns add emphasis. Conceptualizing the difference between them and
reflexive pronouns can be challenging because the emphasis isn’t always obvious. Take

34
 a look at these examples of intensive pronouns and examine how they’re different from
the examples in the previous section: himself, herself, ourselves, themselves.

6. Preposition
1. Preposition of time; after, during, until, since, before.
2. Preposition of place; in, on, at, above,under
3. Preposition of movement; inside, outside,into, towards, up, off.
4. Preposition of manner; without, like, by.
5. Preposition of purpose; for
6. Preposition of measure or quantity; by, for

7. Conjunction
1. Coordinating conjunction : and, but, yet, or, for, so.
2. Subordinating conjunction : since, although, after.
3. Correlative conjunction : either-or, between-and, from-to, rather-than, if-then.

8. Interjection
Interjection is a word or phrase used to express a feeling or to request or demand something.
While interjections are a part of speech, they are not grammatically connected to other parts
of a sentence. Interjections are common in everyday speech and informal writing. While
some interjections such as “well” and “indeed” are acceptable in formal conversation, it’s
best to avoid interjections in formal or academic writing.

Figuring out parts of speech

Sometimes, it’s not easy to tell which part of speech a word is. Here are a few easy
“hacks” to quickly figure out what part of speech you’re dealing with:
 If it’s an adjective plus the ending “-ly,” it’s an adverb. Examples: commonly, quickly.
 If you can swap it out for a noun and the sentence still makes sense, it’s a pronoun.
Example: We played basketball. / Steve and I played basketball.
 If it’s something you do, and you can modify the sentence to include the word do, it’s a
verb. Examples: I have an umbrella. / I do have an umbrella.
 If you can remove the word and the sentence still makes sense, but you lose a detail, the
word is most likely an adjective. Example: She drives a red van/ She drives a van.

35
 If you can remove the word and the sentence doesn’t make sense, it’s likely a preposition.
Example: I left my notebook on the desk. / I left my notebook the desk.

And if you’re ever really stumped, just look the word up. Dictionaries typically list the
part of speech a word fits in its entry, and if it fits more than one part of speech, both are
listed with examples.

http://www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/grammar/parts_of_speech.html
https://www.aliensbrain.com/quiz/14958/parts-of-speech

36
 Let’s Write

https://test-english.com/writing/a1/a-description-of-my-house-a1-english-writing/

Task one
Describe your house in the following a blank space

37
 Let’s Listen

https://test-english.com/listening/a1/free-time-listening-test/

Let’s Speak

Conversation

Instructions: Working with a partner, repeat this dialogue aloud.

Person 1: Is the tall man the suspect?
Person 2: No, the small woman is the suspect.
Person 1: Who is the sad little boy near her?
Person 2: I don’t know. Where is the big guard?
Person 1: He is with the old judge. Why are you here?
Person 2: I am a crime reporter.

Exercise

https://test-english.com/use-of-english/a1/a1-english-test-3-text-multiple-choice-gaps/

38
 UNIT 4

Getting Ready

Answer
1. …………………………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………
3. …………………………………………………………………………………………

Let’s read
THE CRIMINAL LAW
Criminal law means the law regulating the relation between citizens and
the state. Crimes can be thought of as acts which the state considers to be wrong
and which can be punished by the state. As a contrary to the private law,
uniformity was achieved in this subject through Criminal Code 1918.
One of the important principle in Indonesia Criminal Law is “nullum delictum noella
poena sine privilege poenale”, which means there is no punishment for criminals without any
regulation of what has he/she done previously. The most important thing in differences between
private law and criminal law is the procedure in forcing the two kind of law. In private law, the
party bringing an action to the court is called plaintiff, i.e. the person who experience losses,

39
while the party bringing a criminal action is called prosecutor who is public servant. Once the
prosecutor has shown that the defendant is guilty, he/she will be sent to the jail.

Legal
LegalVocabulary
Vocabulary

Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. criminal law ……..............………..
2. wrong ...........…………….....
3. punish ...........…………….....
4. forcing ...........…………….....
5. prosecutor ...........…………….....
6. guilty ...........…………….....
7. jail ...........…………….....

Grammar

Simple Present

A. We use the present simple tense to express the following ideas:

 To state facts or general truths
 To express habits or customs
 To relate future plans (often regarding programs and timetables)
 To tell jokes and stories or to report sporting events in real time.

Examples of the Present Simple

 Alex is a lawyer.
 The Earth goes round the sun.
 In Jakarta most of the law firms close at 9.00 p.m.
 I work in Bank. Barry works in a court. I/We/You/They work
 She/He/It works

B. Questions and Negative Sentences

 Excuse me, do you speak English?
 Would you like a cigarette? No, thanks, I don't smoke.

40
  What does this word mean? (not what means this word?)
 Rice doesn't grow in Britain.

C. Simple Present is also used to say something that often happens.Example:

 I get up at5 o'clock every morning (not 'am getting)
 How often do you go to the dentist?
 Rika does not often drink tea
 In summer Tom usually plays tennis twice a week
 She always comes to the meeting on time

D. To know someone's origin.

 Where do you come from? (not where are you coming from?)
 He comes from Japan (not He is coming from Japan)

Let’s Write
WRITING DAILY ACTIVITIES
A person's daily activities consist of a series of actions. It may include activities at home,
school, or the workplace. The purpose of composing a daily activity log is to reflect on
completed tasks and goals. Consequently, it is essential to develop a list of everyday routines.

41
Task
Write the daily activities based on the pictures below

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
42
 Let’s Listen

https://test-english.com/listening/a1/daily-routines-listening-test/

Let’s Speak

Study the following example

TELLING DAILY ACTIVITIES

Hello friends. My name is Adit Saputra. I am

going to tell you about my daily activities. I wake
up at 4.30 a.m. Every day. After that, I pray subuh
and take a bath. I usually have breakfast at 7 a.m.
Then go to campus by riding my bicycle. It takes
around 15 minutes from my boarding house. I
study in law department at Bina Bangsa University
until 2.30 p.m. Then, I go to library to look for
references to do my assignments. I usually have
dinner at 6.30 p.m. After preparing tomorrow’s
course, I pray and go to sleep.

43
There are some expressions that you can use to tell daily activities.
 I want to tell you about my daily activities. ..................
 My daily activities begin at.............
 I wake up at.............
 My day begin with..............
 The first thing I do after waking up is .....................
 I have so many activities every day....................

Conversation

Instructions: Working with a partner, repeat this dialogue aloud

Student A: Are you working today?
Student B: Yes, I am. We are preparing for trial.
Student A: What is the case?
Student B: It is a burglary.
Student B: Are you working?
Student A: No, I am going for a walk and playing tennis.

Exercise
A. Isikan verb yang benar pada ruang kosong berikut:
Example: Water boils (boil) at 100 degrees centigrade.
George does not go (not/go) to the cinema very often. How many languages do you speak
(you/speak)?
1. The swimming bath ......... (open) at 9.00 and ……. (close) at 18.30 every day.
2. What time ............... (the banks/close) in Jakarta?
3. I have a car but I ............. (not/use) it very often.
4. How many cigarettes ........... (you/smoke) a day?
5. 'What .............. (you/do)?' 'I am an electrical engineer.'
6. 'Where ........... (your father/come) from? 'He …… (come) from Scotland.
7. If you need money, why......... (you/not/get) a job?
8. I .......... (play) the piano, but I ........ (not/play) very well
9. I don't understand the word 'deceive'. 'What ...... ('deceive'/mean)?

44
B. This time you have to read some sentences and correct them. The English is correct but the
information is wrong. Write two correct each time. Example: The sun goes round the earth.
The sun does not go round the earth, The earth goes round the sun
1. The sun rises in the west. .......................................
2. Mice catch cats. .................................................
3. Carpenters make things from metal. ...............................
4. The River Amazon flows into the Pacific Ocean. ...................

C. Now you have to use these sentences to make questions. Begin your question with the
word(s) in brackets.
Example: Tom plays tennis. (How often?)
How often destem play tennis?
I get up in the morning. (What time/usually)
What time do you usually get up in the morning?

1. Ann watches television. (How often?) How often

2. I write to my parents. (How often?) ...................................
3. I have dinner in the evening. (What time/usually) .....................
4. Tom works. (Where?) ...................................................
5. I go to the cinema. (How often?) ......................................
6. People do stupid things. (Why?) .......................................
7. The car breaks down. (How often?) ..................................

Task
Present your daily activity in front of the class. Complete the following table

Activities Time
Waking up 5 a.m.
Taking a bath …………………………….
Breakfast …………………………….
Watching news …………………………….
Going to campus …………………………….
Doing household chores …………………………….

45
 Playing guitar …………………………….
Having exercise …………………………….
Doing assignments …………………………….

Relevant reference:
1. https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/present-simple-forms-of-to-be/
2. https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-simple.htm
3. https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/present-simple/
4. https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/w-010-
7310?transitionType=Default&contextData=
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPF3-CoOZpo
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5lBfILaF4s
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0l69KEx7GQo

46
 UNIT 5

Getting Ready
What are your and your father's responsibilities at home? Compare both responsibilities and
complete the table below.

Your Your
No.
duties father’s duties

Let’s read
CONTRACT LAW
Although there are differences between Adat Law and Western Law,
generally there are 4 elements of the contract.
1. The consent of the parties: the parties must consent to the basic matters
contain in agreements. Therefore, the contract will be invalid if one party is physically forced
to sign it. The party who has benefit from the contract known as creditor and the one who has
to performed it called debtor.
2. A capacity to contract; generally, all person are legally capable of entering contracts,
except:
a. minor (person under 21 years of age)
b. person has been placed under guardianship.
3. A certain object; the object must be determinable, otherwise the contracts void. By "object
means both the object of the performance (for example, the goods which are to be
delivered); and the performance itself (the delivery).
4. A lawful purpose; if the object of the contract is unlawful, or if it2 is contrary to good
morale of public policy, then the contract is void.
When the contracts made then all parties are bound to performance what it is contained.
If one of them does not do or does something against the contract, this party has breached of

47
the contract. This situation gives another party a right to sue him or her for some remedies. The
remedies are:
a. Specific performance. This action can be taken if performance is still possible. This
includes the forced to sale the land or the house.
b. Damages. Damages consist of money compensation for any or all of three types of injuries
resulting from a breach of contract: expenditures, losses and interests.
c. Dissolution. The actual dissolution must await an order of the court. In the event a
defaulting debtor is still able to perform his/her obligations subsequent to default, the
creditor may petition for dissolution of the contract along with his/her suit for damages.

Legal
LegalVocabulary
Vocabulary

Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. Adat Law ……..............………..
2. Western Law ...........…………….....
3. elements of contract ...........…………….....
4. the consent of the parties ...........…………….....
5. a capacity to contract ...........…………….....
6. a certain object ...........…………….....
7. lawful purpose ...........…………….....
8. remedies ...........…………….....
9. specific performance ...........…………….....
10. damages ...........…………….....
11. dissolution ...........…………….....

Present Continuous

A. Used for things that happened at or around the time of speaking.

- The kettle is boiling. Can you turn it off, please?
- Listen to those people. What are they speaking?
- ‘Where's Tom? “He's playing tennis.”
- (you find a stranger in your room) 'What are‚ you doing‚ here?'
- Silvia is in Britain for three months. She's learning‚ English.

48
B. Used for temporary situations.- I'm living with some friends until I can find a new room.
- That machine isn't working. It broke down this morning.

C. Some verbs are only used in the simple tense‚ only. For example, we cannot say 'I am
knowing', the correct one is 'I know'. The following is a list of verbs that are usually not
used in the continuous tense or also called NON-PROGRESSIVE:

want like belong know suppose remember

need love see realise mean forget
prefer hate hear believe understand seem

have‚ (when the meaning is 'possess')

think‚ (when the meaning is 'believe')

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/present-continuous/

Let’s Write

1. Mr. Hotman Paris is sitting on the chair

2. He is showing his a new diamond ring
3. He is also telling where he usually buy the
diamond

1.
2.
3.

49
 1.
2.
3.

Let’s Listen

https://test-english.com/listening/a1/what-are-they-wearing-clothes-listening-test/

Let’s Speak

Conversation

Lawyer 1 : We have a matter lined up for the dowry case.

Judge : Yes go ahead. Present your case.
Lawyer 1 : My client has been accused of demanding dowry. But he has been wrongly
accused. He is innocent.
Judge : Well that I will decide that. To arrive at an impartial judgment, I need to hear
facts of the case from both the parties.
Lawyer 1 : Sure. But before we proceed I would like to request you to move the date for the
hearing to next week as I have another case at the Supreme Court.
Judge : For that you need to submit a written request to me and to the opponent’s lawyer.
Lawyer 1 : Sure my lord. I have already dispatched one copy to the concerned entity.

50
Judge : After receiving the approval from the plaintiff’s lawyer I will be decide upon the
next date of hearing.
Lawyer 1 : Thank you my lord for your consideration.
Judge : Does the plaintiff’s lawyer have something to say on the behalf of her client?
Lawyer 2 : Yes, my lord. My client was harassed for the dowry by her in-laws since the very
next day of her marriage. She was also physically assaulted by her husband and
his family.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFEm7FRMlb4

Exercise
A. Describe the pictures below by using progressive tense and present it in front of the class

51
A. In this exercise you have to decide whether the verbs in these sentences are right or wrong.
Correct those which are wrong. The verb is underlined.
Example: I don’t know your telephone number. Right
Please don't make so much noise. I study. Wrong (I am studying)

1. Look! Somebody is climbing up that tree over there. .......

2. Can you hear those people? What do they talk about. .......
3. Are you believing in God?.......
4. Look! That man tries to open the door of your car. .......
5. The moon goes round the earth. .......
6. I'm thinking it would be a good idea to leave early. .......
7. The government is worried because the number of people without jobs is increasing........
8. I'm usually going to work by car.

Now you have to put the verb into the correct form, present continuous (I am
doing) or present simple (I do).
Example: Please don't make so much noise. I am studying (study)
How many languages does Tom speak (Tom/speak)?
This machine does not work (not/work). It hasn't worked for years.

1. I ................... (not/belong) to a political party.

2. Hurry! The bus ............ (come). I .......... (not/want) to miss it.
3. The River Nile......... (flow) into the Mediterranean.
4. The river........... (flow) very fast today - much faster than usual.

52
5. (it/ever/snow) in India?
6. We usually .............. (grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we .............. (not/grow)
any.
7. A: Can you drive?
B: No, but I ........ (learn). My father... (teach) me.
8. You can borrow my umbrella. I ....... (not/need) it at the moment.
9. (at a party) I usually ......... (enjoy) parties but I ....... (not/enjoy) this one very much.
10. George says he's 80 years old but I (not/believe) him.
11. Ron is in London at the moment. He ...... (stay) at the Hilton Hotel.

In these sentences think about whether the situation is temporary or permanent

1. My parents ......... (live) in Padang. They were born there and have never lived anywhere
else. Where .............. (your parents/live)?
2. She ............ (stay) with her sister at the moment until she finds somewhere to live.
3. A: What ................... (your father/do)?
B: He's a teacher, but he (not/work) at the moment

Relevant reference:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYMfgX3dKz0
2. https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/present-continuous/
3. https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/present-simple-present-continuous/

53
 UNIT 6

Getting Ready
Match the Picture with the following forms of Law. Discuss with your friend

Constituonal Law :
International Law :
Military Law:

Let’s Read
LEGISLATION
Legislation can refer to laws or the process by which Laws are enacted
in certain countries. Many countries have some forms of legislature, which is
a body dedicated primarily to passing and amending laws. When a piece of
legislation is enacted, it is often referred to as a statutory law. This can be
contrasted with case law, which is typically derived from judicial rulings. Before a law is
enacted, it is often called a bill. Bills are typically proposed or sponsored by one or more
legislators and go through a particular process before they become law.
The process by which a law is enacted can differ depending on the government in
question. When a bill is first proposed, it may enter some form of preliminary committee where
certain aspects are decided. It may then need to pass a vote to be brought before the legislative

54
body as a whole. The proposed law is often then discussed in detail by the legislature. If the
bill is able to pass a vote by the entire legislature, it can then be enacted as a statutory law.
Legislation can have a number of different purposes. Laws can be passed to restrict
activities, authorize actions, or regulate various things. Many legislatures also authorize the
budgets of their respective governments, effectively providing funds to different programs,
agencies, and other governmental operations. Laws in many countries will also be created in
order to levy taxes on certain events. Many countries have what is known as a separation of
power, where the legislative, executive, and judicial branches are separate entities. This is often
used so that each branch can monitor the operations of the others. Adapted from Laukkonen.
2003. What is legislation?

Legal
LegalVocabulary
Vocabulary

Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. authorize ……..............………..
2. Body ...........…………….....
3. Enacted ...........…………….....
4. Judificial Rulling ...........…………….....
5. Levy ...........…………….....
6. Regulate ...........…………….....
7. Restrict ...........…………….....

Grammar

Simple Past

A. Consider the following conversation:

Tom : Look! It's raining again.
Ann : Oh no, not again. It rained‚ all day yesterday too.

We use the Simple Past tense to talk about activities or situations in the past.
- I enjoyed the party very much.
- Mr. Edwards died ten years ago.

55
 - When I lived in Manchester, I worked in a bank.

B. We often use -ed in Simple Past.

- We invited them to our party but they decided not to come.
- The police stopped me on my way home last night.
- She passed her examination because she studied‚ very hard.

However, there are some verbs that do not end with ed, such verbs are called irregular
verbs.
leave --- left We all left the party at 11 o'clock
go --- went Yesterday I went to London to see a friend of mine cost --- cost
This house cost $ 35,000 in 1980

C. In negative and asking sentences, it is used did/didn't + infinitive

It rained did it rain? It didn’t rain

- Ann: Did you go out last night, Tom?

Tom: Yes, I went to the cinema. But I didn't enjoy the film.
- When did Mr. Edward die?
- What did you do at the week-end?
- We didn't invite her to the party, so she didn't come.

Usually use did/didn't with have:

- Did you have time to write the letter?
- I didn't have enough money to buy anything to eat.
But did is not used with verb be (was/were):
- Why were you so angry?
- They weren't able to come because they were very busy.
- Was Tom at work yesterday?

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/past-simple-regular-irregular/
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/past-simple-form-use/

56
Let’s Write
Retell story based on the following images

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

57
 Let’s Listen

https://test-english.com/listening/a1/what-did-you-do-last-summer-listening-test/

Conversation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFnQ0gxef2A

Task
Work in pairs; make a conversation about inviting someone based on the following topics.

Lawyers Workshop and Seminar Study tour to Constitutional court

58
Let’s Speak
Ben : “Are you okay Dan?”
Dani : “No”
Ben : “What’s wrong? You look pale.”
Dani : “I got robbed!”
Ben : “What? How come? By who?”
Dani : “I was walking in the X street, I did not see him coming. Some guy in the street just
mugged me. That was terrible.”
Ben : “Are you hurt or something?”
Dani : “I’m okay, but he stole everything.”
Ben : “You have to go to police station now. Make a report.”
Dani : “That’s right, would you mind to take me there?”
Ben : “Of course, just drink this i will take the keys to my car first.”
Dani : “Thanks Ben.”

Exercise

A. In this exercise you have to read a sentence about the present and then write a sentence
about the past.
Example: Tom usually gets up at 7.30. Yesterday he got up at 7.30.
1. Tom usually wakes up early. Yesterday morning ...............
2. Tom usually walks to work. Yesterday ........................
3. Tom is usually late for work. Yesterday .....................
4. Tom usually has a sandwich for lunch. Yesterday .............
5. Tom usually goes out in the evening. Yesterday evening ......
6. Tom usually sleeps very well. Last night ....................

B. This time you have to put one of these verbs in each sentence: hurt teach spend sell throw
fall catch buy cost
Example: I was hungry, so I bought something to eat in the shop.
1. Tom's father............... him how to drive when he was 17.
2. Doni ..... down the stairs this morning and......... his leg.
3. We needed some money so we................. our car.

59
 4. Ann ...... a lot of money yesterday. She ........a dress which............. $50.
5. Jim ............. the ball to Sue who.............. it.

C. In this exercise you have to write questions. A friend has just come back from holiday
and you are asking him about it.
Example: Where/go? Where did you go?
food/good? Was the food good?
1. how long/stay there? .............................................................
2. stay in hotel?...................................................................
3. go alone? ........................................................................
4. how/travel? ......................................................................
5. the weather/fine? ................................................................
6. what/do in the evenings? .........................................................
7. meet any interesting people?.....................................................

D. This time you have to put the verb into the correct form. All the sentences are past
Example: I didn’t go (not/go) to work yesterday
because I wasn’t (not/be) very well.
1. Tom ……........ (not/shave) this morning because he.................... (not/have) time.
2. We……......... (not/eat) anything because we........................... (not/be) hungry.
3. I .......…………… (not/rush) because I............................ (not/be) in a hurry.
4. She .........………… (not/be) interested in the book because she…….....................
(not/understand) it.

Relevant reference:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHDgrU_Hlx8
2. https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/past-simple-regular-irregular/
3. https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/past-simple-negatives-questions/
4. https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/past-simple-form-use/

60
61
 UNIT 7

Getting Ready
Before reading the article, debate with your friend the following question: You can search the
Internet for a concise explanation

What crimes lead to imprisonment?

Let’s Read
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CRIMES
Crimes are defined as prohibited behaviors the government deems
harmful to society. If one engages in such behavior, they may be guilty of a
crime and prosecuted in criminal court. Generally, crimes can be divided into
four major categories; personal crimes, property crimes, inchoate crime(s), and
statutory crimes.
Personal Crimes or “Offenses against the Person” are crimes that result in physical or
mental harm to another person. Personal crimes include assault, battery, false imprisonment,
kidnapping homicide – crimes such as first and second degree, murder, involuntary
manslaughter, and vehicular homicide, rape, sexual assault and other offenses of a sexual
nature. Property Crimes or “Offenses against Property” are crimes that do not necessarily

62
involve harm to another person. Instead, they involve an interference with another person’s
right to use or enjoy their property. Property crimes include: larceny (theft), robbery (theft by
force) – Note: this is also considered a personal crime since it results in physical and mental
harm.
Inchoate Crimes, “inchoate” translates into “incomplete”, are crimes that were begun,
but not completed. This requires that a person takes a substantial step to complete a crime, as
opposed to just “intend” to commit a crime. Inchoate crimes include Attempt (any crime that
is attempted like “attempted robbery”), Solicitation, and Conspiracy. Statutory Crimes are a
violation of a specific state or federal statute and can involve either property offenses or
personal offense. Statutory crimes include alcohol or related crimes such as drunk driving and
selling alcohol to a minor. The crimes listed above are generally prohibited in every state.
However, each state has different regulations and penalties which each crime potentially
carries.
Adapted from Nicole Shoener.2016. Different Types of Crimes.

Legal
LegalVocabulary
Vocabulary

Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. conspiracy ……..............………..
2. inchoate crime ...........…………….....
3. Offense ...........…………….....
4. intend ...........…………….....
5. solicitation ...........…………….....
6. substantial step ...........…………….....

Task 1
Mention four major categories of crimes and the examples of it by completing the following
chart.
Crimes

1. Personal crime 2........................... 3......................... 4. ......................

63
Examples: Examples: Example Examples:
1. kidnapping 1. robbery 1. ……………… 1. ....................
2. ................... 2. ................... 2. ……………… 2. ....................
3. ................... 3. ................... 3. conspiracy 3. selling alcohol

Task 2
Solve the crossword below based on the following clues. Number one is done for you.
Cross
1. anything related to crime or its punishment
2. of ample or considerable amount, quantity, size, etc.
3. drink or drinks containing this substance that lead to intoxication Down
4. an unlawful physical attack upon another
5. destructive
6. the act of a prostitute soliciting in a public place
7. a vow

64
 Grammar

Present Perfect SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE

A. Present Perfect is used for events that have taken place in the past and are still ongoing until
the time of speaking. Example:
Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key.

B. Present Perfect is used if it has something to do with the present situation.

- I have lost my key (= I have not got it now)
- Jim has gone‚ to Canada (= He is in Canada or on his way there now)
- Oh dear. I have forgotten her name (= I can't remember it now)
- Have you washed your hair? (=Is it clean now?)

C. The Present Perfect is also used to provide new information or to announce a recent event.
- I've lost my key. Can you help me look for it?
- Do you know about Jim? He's gone ‚to Canada.
- Ow! I've burnt‚ myself.
Can be added with just (= just now):
- Would you like something to eat? No thanks, I've just had lunch.
- Hello, have you just arrived?
Can also use already to show that something happened sooner than expected.
- Don't forget to post the letter, will you? I've already posted it.
- When is Tom going to start his new job? He has already started.

65
Let’s Write
Study the following example

WRITING A DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Indonesia’s Corruption Eradication
Commission (Indonesian: Komisi
Pemberantasan Korupsi, henceforth: KPK) was Identification
formed in Jakarta in 2002 as an institution
which is established to fight corruption. As of 2015, KPK is led
by Agus Raharjo and Basaria Panjaitan as a vice
KPK has been led by 5 chairmen before Agus Raharjo, they
are Taufiequrachman Ruki (2003-2007), Antasari Azhar (2007-
2009), Tumpak Hatorangan Panggabean (2009-2010), Busyro
Description
Muqoddas (2010-2011), and Abraham Samad (2011-2015). KPK
has an improvement at the number of staff in recent years. KPK
has 540 staffs (2008), 652 staffs (2009), 638 staffs (2010), and
752 staffs (2011).
For over 14 years, KPK takes a crucial role for corruption
eradication in Indonesia. The duties of KPK is to decrease or kill
the corruption in Indonesia, include investigating and prosecuting
the cases of corruption. The work of KPK unveils that many
corruptors still live in Indonesia, it is proven by several corruptors Description
arrested during the last ten years. KPK works quite aggressively
because there is no limitation or restriction for KPK to investigate
someone that may be a suspect of corruption case. Accordingly,
KPK can help Indonesia to arrest the corruptor and it can save
Indonesia’s fund which is obtained from people taxes.

66
Task 5
Make a descriptive text based on the data that you have done in Task 4

Let’s Listen
https://listenaminute.com/c/crime.html

Why do we have crime? When ______________________ stop? It’s sad that there is so much
crime in our society. It ______________________ people. Most people in the world just want
to live happily ______________________ neighbours. Why do some
______________________ crime? Money is a big reason. Many criminals pickpocket, steal,
kidnap, ______________________ people to get money. There are many terrible crimes in the
world. Perhaps the worst is ______________________ . This is a crime against humanity.
Many people are killed ______________________ colour or religion. People who commit this
crime ______________________ prison. Have you ever been a victim of crime? What do you
think we need ______________________ crime rates? Perhaps you should write to your
government. Tell your leaders ______________________ enough.

67
 Let’s Speak

Describing Place

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UqV40TwG_VE

Task
Meeting Room
Choose one of the following places to describe. Present it in front of the class

Meeting Room
This is a meeting room in my faculty. In
every meeting, we always use this room.
There are 20 chairs in this room.
….................................................................
….......................................…......................
…………………………………………….

Court

………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………

68
Bina Bangsa University

………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………

Exercise

A. You are writing to a friend and giving news about people you both know. Use the words
given to make sentences and put the verb into the correct form.
Example: Phil/find a new job. Phil has found a new job
Dear Ami,
Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you.
1. Rizal/go/Brazil......................................
2. Joni and Juli decide/to get married.................................
3. Susi/have/a baby ...............................................
4. Fadil/give up/smoking ..............................................
5. Rina/pass/his driving test ..............................................

B. In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write a suitable sentence. Use the
verb given.
Example: Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. (lose) He has lost his key.
1. Ann's hair was dirty. Now it is clean. (wash)....................................

69
 2. Tom was 70 kilograms. Now he weights 65. (lose weight) ...........................
3. The car has just stopped because there isn't any more petrol in the tank. (run out of
petrol) .......................
4. Yesterday Bill was playing football. Now he can't walk and his leg is in plaster.
(break)................................

C. This time you have to use just. Answer the questions using the words given.
Example: Would you like something to eat? (no thank you/I/just/have/dinner)
No thank you. I’ve just had dinner
1. Have you seen John anywhere? (yes/I/just/see/him) ................................
2. Has Ann phoned yet? (yes/she/just/phone) .........................................
3. Would you like a cigarette? (no thanks/I/just/put/one out) .......................

D. In this exercise you have to write sentences with already.

Example: Don't forget to post that letter. I’ve already posted it
1. Don't forget to phone Tom. ..................................................
2. Why don't you read the paper? ..................................................
3. Shall I pay the waiter? No, I ............................................

Relevant reference:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcSaV_4Czcw
2. https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/present-perfect/

Do not complain of life's unfairness. It is never fair - at best it is impartial.”

― David Gemm

70
 UNIT 8

Getting Ready
Before reading the article, fill the following boxes with the characteristics of each profession.
You may discuss it with your partner.

Lawyer

1………………………………….. Judge
2………………………………….. 1…………………………………..
3………………………………….. 2…………………………………..

3…………………………………..

Let’s Read
LAWYERS AND JUDGES
A lawyer is the legal representative of persons, groups, or
governments, in their disputes or relations with each other. He or she may
represent a government (and its citizens), or a business. Some lawyers
deal only with cases of a certain kind, such as corporate law (business
affairs), divorce law (law dealing with marriage dissolvements), real estate law (law dealing
with buying and selling property), maritime law (law dealing with ships), or criminal law (law
dealing with people accused of committing crime(s)). Lawyers spend much of their time
advising their clients (customers) about what they legally can or cannot do. In this way, lawyers
often keep people out of trouble.

71
 A lawyer may be retained, or hired, for many reasons. A lawyer may draw up a contract
(agreement) between a person who has something to sell and a person who wants to buy it.
There are many state and federal laws about handling the estate (money and property) of
someone who has died. A person who wants his or her money or property handled in a certain
way will get a lawyer to draw up a will. The will states exactly what will be done with the
person’s estate after that person dies.
In any criminal trial in the United States, the defendant (accused person) has the right to
be represented by a lawyer. If the defendant cannot afford to pay a lawyer, the court will appoint
one and pay the fee. Lawyers are required to use all their knowledge of the law to help client.
Even if persons are guilty, they have the right to have their cases presented in the best possible
way.
Adapted from Young Students Learning Library

LegalVoc
Legal Vocabulary

Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. accused of commiting crime ……..............………..
2. appoint ...........…………….....
3. defendant ...........…………….....
4. dissolvement ...........…………….....
5. draw up a will ...........…………….....
6. property ...........…………….....
7. trial ...........…………….....

Task one
Mention the types of law by completing the following chart. One has been done for you.

1. corporate law : law dealing with business matters

TYPE
2. ……………………………………………………………
IS
3. ……………………………………………………………
LAW 4. ……………………………………………………………
5. ……………………………………………………………

72
Task two
Decide if the following statements about the reading are true (T), false (F) or Not Given (NG)
if it is not stated in the text. If you check (√) false (F), correct the statements to make it true.

1. Environmental law is managed by a

lawyer.
Correction:
....................................................................

2. To be a lawyer one has to be a graduate of

Law Department.
Correction:
....................................................................

3. Real estate law deals with transaction of

belonging.
Correction:
....................................................................

4. A lawyer cannot come to client’s house for

any cases.
Correction:
....................................................................

5. Lawyers need to be capable in using their

knowledge of the law to help client
Correction:
....................................................................

6. All lawyers are paid by the government.

Correction:
....................................................................

73
 Grammar

Present Continuous SUBJECT + BE2 + VERB-ING

1. Pay attention to the following situations:

- Yesterday Tom and Jim played tennis. They began at 10 o’clock and finished at11
o’clock.
- What were they doing at10.30? They were playing tennis (at10.30)
- I/he/she was playing
- we/they/you were
- This time last year I was living in Brazil.
- What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night?

2. The past progressive does not tell whether the event has finished or not.
- Tom was cooking the dinner (past progressive)
- Tom cooked the dinner. (simple past)

3. We often use the past progressive and simple past together to say that something happened
in the middle of another event:
- Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner.
- I saw Jim in the park. He was sitting on the grass and reading a book.
- It was raining when I got up.
- While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
But to say something happened after another event, use the simple past:
-Yesterday evening Tom was having a bath when the phone rang. He got out of the bath and
answered the phone.
Compare:
- When Tom arrived, we were having dinner. (= We had already started dinner before Tom
arrived)
- When Tom arrived, we had dinner. (= Tom arrived and then we had dinner)

74
Let’s write!

WRITING A

PROGRESSIVE

ACTION
Positive Sentence
 Ale is studying “An Introduction of Law” in room 210.
 The lawyers are investigating the defendant in a court room.

Negative Sentence
 Ale is not studying “An Introduction of Law” in room 210.
 The lawyers are not investigating the defendant in a court room

Interrogative Sentence
 Is Ale studying “An Introduction of Law” in room 210?
 Are the lawyers investigating the defendant in a court room?

Let’s Listen

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5_xMlFSXf8

75
 Conversation

TELLING A PROGRESSIVE ACTION

“Look around, do you see that your friends are writing on their books?” “Are your friends
talking with each other?” “Is your lecturer writing on the white board?” You can express
something that is currently happening or even telling a story by using progressive tense.

Exercise

A. Here is a list of some things that Ann did yesterday (and the times at which she did them):
1. 8.45 – 9.15 had breakfast 4. 12.45 – 1.30 had lunch
2. 9.15-10.00 read the newspaper 5. 2.30 -3.30 washed some clothes
3. 10.00-12.00 cleaned her flat 6. 4.00 – 6.00 watched television

Now write sentences saying what she was doing at these time:
1. At 9 o’clock she was having breakfast 4. At 1 o’clock .....................
2. At 9.30 she .................. 5. At 3 o’clock .....................
3. At 11o’clock ................ 6. At 5 o’clock.....................

B. A group of people were staying in a hotel. One evening the fire alarm rang. Use the words
in brackets to make sentences saying what each person was doing at the time.
Example: (Doni/have/a bath) Doni was having a bath.
1. (Ann/write/a letter in her room) Ann .......................................
2. (George/get/ready to go out) George ........................................

76
 3. (Carol and Dennis/have/dinner) Carol and Dennis ............................
4. (Tom/make/a phone call) Tom ................................................

C. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Put the verbs into the correct form, simple
past or past progressive.
Example: (I/fall/asleep when I/watch/television). I fell asleep when I was watching tv
1. (the phone/ring/when I/have/a shower) The phone .............................
2. (it/begin/to rain when I/walk/home) ..........................................
3. (we/see/an accident when we/wait/for the bus) ..............................

D. Put the verb into the correct form, past progressive or simple past
Example: While Tom was cooking(cook) the dinner, the phone rang (ring).
1. George ........(fall) off the ladder while he..... (paint) the ceiling.
2. Last night I ...... (read) in bed when suddenly I.... (hear) a scream.
3. (you/watch) television when I phoned you?
4. Ann ..... (wait) for me when I........ (arrive).
5. I .......... (not/drive) very fast when the accident..... happened.
6. I ...... (break) a plate last night. I ..... (do) the washing-up when it........ (slip) out of my
hand.
7. Tom ... (take) a photograph of me while I...... (not/look).
8. We ...... (not/go) out because it........ (rain).
9. What...... (you/do) at this time yesterday?
10. I ........ (see) Carol at the party. She....... (wear) a really beautiful dress.

Relevant reference:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5H_245LogIA
2. https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/past-continuous-past-simple/

---“All the great things are simple, and many can be expressed in a
single word: freedom, justice, honour, duty, mercy, hope” (Winston
Churchill)----

77
 UNIT 9

Getting Ready
Discuss with your friend.
1. Do your parents apply some rules for you to follow?
2. How do you feel about that?

78
Let’s Read!
COMMON LAW VS STATUTE LAW
Common law is also known as case law and is of two types – one where
judgments passed become new laws where there are no statutes and the other
where judges interpret the existing law and determines new boundaries and
distinctions. Apart from common law and statutory law, there are also the regulatory laws
framed by various government agencies that have the authorization to do so once statutes are
created by the legislature.
Statutory law refers to the written law established by the legislative branch of the
government. Statutes may be enacted by both federal and state governments and must adhere
to the rules set in the Constitution. Proposed statutes are reviewed by the legislature prior to
being enacted into law.
The main differentiation between common law and statutory law is the way in which the
laws are created. Common law comes from precedent while Statutory law is made by the
Government. It is designed to keep citizens safe as well as ensure that citizens are able to
function in everyday life. If there is an issue before the court that absolutely cannot be decided
by precedent or a judge’s decision, the court may turn to statutory law to decide the case. When
a statutory law Is broken by a citizen, the Government will have a predetermined punishment
that is in proportion to the nature of the crime.
Adapted from Gilley. 2015. What is the difference between Common and Statute Law. Legacy.

Legal
LegalVocabulary
Vocabulary

Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. adhere ……..............………..
2. boundary ...........…………….....
3. distinction on ...........…………….....
4. framed ...........…………….....
5. precedent ...........…………….....
6. statutory law ...........…………….....

79
Task one
Match the information in the left and right boxes into the categories in the middle boxes. Study
the example.

Task two
Choose the best close-related meaning of the following underlined words

1. Common law came from the society.

a. was derived b. was found c. was brought
2. Statutory law is designed to protect the citizens as well as guarantee that they can perform
daily activities safely.
a. go b. carry out c. finish
3. The social punishment will be experienced by the citizens when they violate common
law.
a. problem b. consequence c. penalty
4. Statutory law is established and reviewed by the legislative branch.
a. issued b. created c. manage

80
 Grammar

Past Perfect SUBJECT + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLES

1. Perhatikan situasi berikut:

I went to the party last week. Tom went to the party too. Tom went home at 10.30. So,
when I arrived at 11 o’clock, Tom wasn’t there.
When I arrived at the party, Tom wasn’t there. He had gone home.

Kita menggunakan past perfect untuk mengatakan sesuatu yang telah terjadi sebelum
waktu berbicara.
- When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home.
- When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had stolen my fur
coat.
- George didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film
twice.
- It was my first time in an airplane. I was very nervous because I hadn’t flown before

2. Past perfect (I had done) adalah bentuk past dari present perfect (I have done).
Bandingkan:

Present Past
I'm not hungry. I've just had I wasn't hungry. I'd just had
lunch. The house is dirty. We lunch. The house was dirty.
haven't cleaned it for weeks. We hadn't cleaned it for
weeks.

3. Bandingkan past perfect dengan simple past berikut:

-‘Was Tom there when you arrived?’ ‘No, he had already gone home.’
But: ‘Was Tom there when you arrived?’ ‘Yes, but he went home soon afterwards.’
- Ann wasn’t in when I phoned her. She was in London.
But: Ann had just got home when I phoned her. She had been in
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/past-perfect/

81
Let’s write!

WRITING
A POSTER
A poster is a “public” piece of paper conveying information through text (words) or
graphic images (symbols or pictures). It is any piece of printed paper designed to be
attached to a wall or vertical surface. The main function of a poster is to capture moving
audiences with a message. Study the following example of a poster.

Title of the poster

Supporting picture (it is important to

grab people’s attention)

Persuasive sentence

A poster should:
 Have a simple and clear layout so the readers know where to find information.
 Include all important information.
 Have a dominate elements such as a headline or image that will quickly catch your reader’s
eye.
 Have the most important message emphasized by size, color, or value.
 Have bold and intense colors to enhance your message so that it can be easily seen from a
distance.

Let’s Listen

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TrE6VdtgLE

82
Let’s Speak
PRESENTING A POSTER

Study the following example of presenting a poster.

Good morning ladies and gentlemen. I am

OPENING
Bary and I am a student of Law Department.
At this time, I am going to present a poster
about safety driving. As a good citizen, we
must obey the traffic law as regulated by the CONTENT OF
THE POSTER
government. It is a method that help increase
the safety of people travelling on or near the
roads. By obeying the law, we protect
ourselves and others from accident on the road.
Have a safe driving. Your family is waiting for you at home.
Thank you for your attention and let’s obey the traffic law. CLOSING

Exercise

https://test-english.com/use-of-english/a1/a1-english-test-4-multiple-choice-questions/

----Justice without force is powerless; force without justice is tyrannical.

Blaise Pascal----

83
 UNIT 10

Getting Ready
Study the following questions with your friend.
1. Did you ever experience a conflict with your neighbors?
2. Who could probably be a third party to help resolving the conflict?

Let’s Read
MORTGAGE LAW
The uniformity in mortgage law is achieved through Law No. 4 of
1996. The mortgage law concerns with the guarantee which is connected to
pay a debt. The mortgage law gives a creditor a right of preference. Every
mortgage activities must form in a contract that needs Notary for legislation.

A. THE OBJECT OF MORTGAGE LAW

There are two kinds of a mortgage object:
1. Land
Besides the land itself, there are four rights which is connected to the land that can be
used as a collateral:
a. Right of ownership
b. Right of cultivate
c. Right to build
d. Right of use of State land which should be registrated

84
 2. Things that are one with the land
By this category means buildings, plants, and creations such as statue which has been
existed or will be.

B. THE PROCEDURE FOR EXECUTING A MORTGAGE

By the executorial clause, a creditor can sell the goods directly if a debtor breach the
contract.

Legal Vocabulary

Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. Law ……..............………..
2. Lawsuit ...........…………….....
3. Lawyer ...........…………….....
4. Legal ...........…………….....
5. Magistrate ...........…………….....
6. Manslaughter ...........…………….....
7. Misdemeanour ...........…………….....

Grammar

Comparison Degree

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/comparative-superlative-adjectives-adverbs/

85
Let’s Write
Test English - Prepare for your English exam (test-english.com)

Let’s Listen

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRP4Yf4M0n8

https://youtu.be/-uy2CPYyqSU

Let’s Speak

Conversation

Ana : “The crime rate in my city is getting higher.”

Ema : “I think it’s not only happened in your city An, in my place it happened too. In the
past we often left our bike in front of our house without worrying it might be stolen,
but now even though it’s locked, there is still theft.”
Ana : “Yes, I think now people are increasingly brave against the law. Isn’t it?”
Ema : “The law enforcement officers should act harder to decrease those matter.”

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Ana : “How is the law enforcement in your city Em?”
Ema : “Well, they are quite good, but sometimes we forgot little details. It is better to be
more active of giving education and use social media to avoid those matters.”
Ana : “I guess we need to increase ourselves awareness and society like holding a night
watch and so forth.”
Ema : “Yup, we need those soon.”

Degrees of comparison

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/comparative-superlative-adjectives-adverbs/

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 UNIT 11

Getting Ready

What comes up in your mind when looking at the picture?

Let’s Read
THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
Intellectual property law regulates a relationship that occur because of
intellectual activities, such as art creation, inventions or writings. There are
three main categories of intellectual property law:

A. MARK LAW/TRADEMARK
The right of mark is the exclusive right for a mark used in trade, granted by the State to
the owner of the mark, registered in the general Register of Mark. Hence, the State will
protect any action against that right.
There are three categories of mark law:
1. Trademark: is a brand used for goods which are products.
2. Service mark: is a brand used for services rendered in commercial activities by a person
or persons together or legal entity, distinguishing it from services rendered by others.
3. Collective mark: is a brand used on goods or services with the same characteristic, used
in trade by several persons, legal entities jointly, to distinguish them from other similar
kinds of goods or services.

As a right, the trademark right could be transferred through the following ways:

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 a. succession or inheritance
b. testamentary disposition or will
c. gift
d. contractual obligation to be carried out in a notary deed or license.
The mark right is valid for 10 years and renewable for the same period

B. PATENT LAW
Patent is a special right granted by the State to an inventor for the result of his/her invention
in the field of technology to personally implements his/her invention by him/herself or to
authorize another person to implement it.

In order to obtain a patent right, the invention must be:

a. New
b. Containing an inventive step
c. Industrially applicable
The patent right is valid for 20 years and unrenewable.

C. COPYRIGHT LAW
Copyright law protects creations in the field of science, art and literature. The copyright
law gives the copyright holder, the exclusive right to publish and reproduce or let another
person do so (by license).
Copyright is an absolute right. It has effect against any person. The copyright is valid as
long as the creator life and adding for another 50 years after his/her death.

Legal Vocabulary

Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. Accuse ……..............………..
2. Accused ...........…………….....
3. Acquit ...........…………….....
4. Advocate ...........…………….....
5. Allege ...........…………….....
6. Appea ...........…………….....
7. Appeal-court
Grammar ...........…………….....

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 Grammar

Comparison Degree

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/something-anything-nothing-etc/

Let’s Listen

https://youtu.be/itLD-WXS-60

https://youtu.be/p-NjcKzLD6w

90
Let’s Speak

Conversation

Ali : “Hey, did you hear the news lately?”

Ahmad : “What’s the matter?”
Ali : “In the shop house across yesterday there was a robbery.”
Ahmad : “Really? That’s terrible! And what happened next?
Ali : “I heard all the valuables things are carried away, but luckily the owner wasn’t
there so they were save and there were no fatalities.
Ahmad : “Thank God, but how could that happened huh?
Ali : “I guess the suspect are insiders, since all the system have been turned off.
Ahmad : “Did the police now the suspects?
Ali : “Yes, the police came here to check the CCTV. And I think they know the suspect.
Ahmad : “I hope they were immediately caught.

Exercise

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/something-anything-nothing-etc/

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 UNIT 12

Getting Ready
Does your family apply a lot of rules?

Let’s Read
FAMILY LAW
Family law regulates the relationship in family life, such as marriage,
divorce, inheritance and family institution. Although a uniformity of this law
has been achieved by Regulation No. 1 Years 1974, the pluralism still remains
because the regulation stipulated that for marriage has to use religious law. Since Indonesia has
five religious officially, the pluralism in this issue4 cannot be eliminated.
Generally, the family law can divide into two main categories: Islamic Family Law and
Non-Islamic. Through Instruction of President No. 1 Year 1991, the Law concerns to family
matters for Islam citizens have been established. Therefore, for Islam citizens, can use a special
court to settle their disputes in Islamic Religion Court. On the other hand, Non-Islam citizen
can use the general court to do so.

A. DIVORCE LAW
When the marriage did not work out, the couple can be separated legally as stipulated
under divorce law. As a consequence of divorce, there is no relation between them
anymore. The party who bring the case can be the husband or the wife.

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 To be able to divorce, it needs a reason, such as:
1. One of them has been involved in adultery, drunk, drug additive or gambling.
2. One of them has left for two years without any permission.
3. One of them has been in jail for five years.
4. One of them has done an abusement.
5. One of them has a physically disorder or a disease which leads to disable to do his/her
obligation.
6. There is a continue fighting among them.

B. INHERITENCE LAW
Choose which law will be convenient for them: Islamic Law, Western Law, or Adat
Law. Similarly, Non-Islamic citizens can also choose Western Law or Adat Law.
There are an important differences between Islam, Western and Adat Law. Firstly,
in Islam, a portion of a son is twice than a daughter, while in Western Law, it will be equal
for both of them10. Secondly, the will in testament in Islam Law cannot be more than a
third, while in Western Law it can be all of the property.

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 Legal Vocabulary

Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. separated ……..............………..
2. adultery ...........…………….....
3. drunk ...........…………….....
4. drug addictive ...........…………….....
5. gambling ...........…………….....
6. abusement ...........…………….....
7. physically disorder ...........…………….....
8. continue fighting ……..............………..
9. portion ...........…………….....
10. equal ...........…………….....
11. will ...........…………….....
12. Testament ...........…………….....

Grammar

Past Perfect Continuous SUBJECT + HAD BEEN + VERB-ING

A. Consider the following situations:

- Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. The sun was shining but the
ground was very wet.
- It had been raining.
- It was not raining when I looked out of the window; the sun was shining. but it
- Had been raining. That's why the ground was wet.
- When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and
one had a black eye. They had been fighting.
- I was very tired when I arrived home. I'd been working hard all day.

B. Past perfect progressive is used to describe how long something happened before
something else.
- The football match had to be stopped. They had been playing for half an hour when
there was a terrible storm.

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 - Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up.

C. Past perfect progressive is the past form of present perfect progressive.

Present Past
How long have you been waiting? How long had you been waiting when
(until now) the bus finally came?
He’s out of breath. He has been running He was out of breath. He had been running

D. Compare the past perfect progressive with the following past progressive:
- When I looked out of the window, it had been raining. (= it wasn't raining when I looked
out; it had stopped.)
- When I looked out of the window, it was raining. (=Rain was falling at the time I looked
out.)

Let’s Write

1) Describe the picture. What things can you see?

2) What do you think about the laws in your country? Are they all needed?
3) What would it be like if there were no laws at all?
4) If you could create one new law, what would it be?
5) Are there any laws that you would like to get rid of? Why?

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 Let’s Listen

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XEZpGHvR4w

Let’s Speak

TELLING A MEMORABLE EXPERIENCE

Study the following conversation

Exercise

A. In this exercise you have to read a situation and then write a sentence.
Example: The two boys came into the house. One had a black eye and the other had a cut
lip. (they/fight) They had been fighting.

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 1. Tom was watching television. He was feeling very tired. (he/study/hard all day) He
...............................
2. When I walked into the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of cigarettes.
(somebody/smoke/in the room) Somebody ........................
3. When Mary came back from the beach, she looked very red from the sun. (she/lie/in
the sun too long) .............................
4. The two boys came into house. They had a football and they were both very tired.
(they/play/football) .............................
5. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and she didn't know where
she was. (she/dream) ................................

B. In this exercise you have to read a situation and then write a sentence.
Example: We began playing football. After half an hour there was a terrible storm. We had
been playing for half an hour when there was a terrible storm.
1. The orchestra began playing at the concert. After about ten minutes a man in the
audience suddenly began shouting. The orchestra ……................. for about ten
minutes when ............................
2. I had arranged to meet Tom in a restaurant. I arrived and began waiting. After 20
minutes I realised that I had come to the wrong restaurant. I ........................ when I
.........................
3. Mr. and Mrs. Jenkins went to live in the south of France. Six months later Mr. Jenkins
died. They ................................... when .....................................

C. Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect progressive or past progressive.
Example: Tom was leaning against the wall, out of breath. He had been running (run). I
tried to catch Tom but I couldn't. He was running (run) very fast.
1. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He ....................... (look) for his cigarette
lighter.
2. We ....................... (walk) along the road for about 20 minutes when a car stopped and
the driver offered us a lift.
3. When I arrived, everyone was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They
....................... (eat).

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4. When I arrived, everyone was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths were
empty but their stomachs were full. They ....................... (eat).
5. When I arrived, Ann ....................... (wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me
because I was late and she (wait) for a very long time.

Relevant reference:

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26qG0P6nbuc
2. https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/past-simple-past-continuous-
past-perfect/

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 UNIT 13

Getting Ready
Discuss the following pictures with your friends and mention the types of punishments from
the pictures below

A ………………………… E …………………………
B ………………………… F …………………………
C ………………………… G …………………………
D ………………………… H …………………………

Let’s Read
THE HISTORY OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, it is a government sanctioned
practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime. The sentence
that someone be punished in such a manner is referred to as a death sentence, whereas the act
of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution. Crimes that can result in a death penalty
are known as capital crimes or capital offences. Fifty-eight countries retain capital punishment,
102 countries have completely abolished it for all crimes, six have abolished it for ordinary
crimes (while maintaining it for special circumstances such as war crimes), and 32 are

99
abolitionist in practice. Capital punishment is a matter of active controversy in various
countries and states, and positions can vary within a single political ideology or cultural region.
Execution of criminals and political opponents has been used by nearly all societies—
both to punish crime and to suppress political dissent. In most countries that practise capital
punishment it is reserved for murder, espionage, treason, or as part of military justice. In some
countries sexual crimes, such as rape, adultery, incest and sodomy, carry the death penalty, as
do religious crimes such as apostasy. In Islamic nations (the formal renunciation of the state
religion). In many countries that use the death penalty, drug trafficking is also a capital offence.
In China, human trafficking and serious cases of corruption are punished by the death penalty.
Adapted from Anonymous.2012. death penalty

Glossary:
abolitionist (n) : activist
abolished (v) : removed
apostasy(n) : abandonment
capital offences (n) : crimes which endangers people life death
penalty(n) : death punishment
dissent (n) : different argument
execution (v) : implementation
espionage (n) : spying
renunciation(n) : rejection
retain (v) : preserve
suppress(v) : control

Task 1
Choose the best answer to complete each information. Compare your answers with a friend.

1. Capital Punishment is also known as

a. death penalty b. execution c. criminal penalty

2. The act of carrying out a capital sentence is known as

a. abolition b. exercise c. execution

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3. Fifty-eight countries capital punishment.
a. hide b. preserve c. eliminate

4. In China, and serious cases of corruption are punished by death penalty.

a. drug trafficking b. human trafficking c. suicide

5. One hundred and two countries have completely capital punishment for ordinary crimes.
a. eliminate b. preserve c. answer

COMMON LAW SYSTEM

Each country in the world has its1 own system of law. However,
there are two main traditions of law in the world. One is based on English
Common Law or Case Law and has been adopted by many commonwealth
countries. The other2 known as Continental Law or Roman law, has
developed in most of Continental Europe, Latin America and many countries in Asia and
Africa, including Indonesia.
Common Law or Case Law system means the law, which is based on judicial decisions.
When we use the word ‘case’ in this context we mean the legal action or dispute which has
been brought to the court for resolution. The judge’s decision is the law – hence ‘case’ law.
However, judges are not free to reach any decision they wish to; they are bound to follow
certain rules and these3 rules form the system of judicial precedent. In the precedent system,
the later judge may simply be obliged to consider the former decision as part of the material on
which his/her present decision could be based, or deciding the case in the same way as the
previous case, unless he/she4 can give a good reason for not doing so. Its5 purpose is to achieve
certainty and consistency in the law, but it6 is also important that the system should be
sufficiently flexible to allow the law to develop and adapt to changing social and economic
conditions.

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 Legal Vocabulary

Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. law ……..............………..
2. adopted ...........…………….....
3. judicial decision ...........…………….....
4. case ...........…………….....
5. legal action ...........…………….....
6. dispute ...........…………….....
7. the court ...........…………….....
8. judges ……..............………..
9. rules ...........…………….....
10. precedent ...........…………….....

Grammar

Simple Future SUBJECT + WILL + SIMPLE FORM

A. Simple future is used when we decide something while speaking:Oh, I’ve left the door
open. I’ll go and shut it.
 ‘What would you like to drink?’ ‘I’ll have a lemonade, please’.
 ‘Did you phone Ann?’ ‘Oh no, I forget, I’ll do it now’.
 I’m too tired to walk home. I think I’ll get a taxi.

B. Offer something:
 That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it.
 ‘I need some money’. ‘Don’t worry, I’ll lend you some’.

C. Agree or refuse to do something:

 A: You know that book I lent you? Can I have it back?
B: Of course, I’ll bring it back this afternoon.
 I’ve asked John to help me but he won’t.
 The car won’t start.

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D. Promising to do something:
 Thank you for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back on Friday.
 I won’t tell Tom what you said, I promised.
 I promise I’ll phone you as soon as I arrive

E. Ask someone to do something:

 Will you shut the door, please?
 Will you please be quite? I’m trying to concentrate.

Let’s Write
Important decisions should only be made with measurable data clearly supporting the decision.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use specific reasons and examples to
support your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Listen

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiHUPgm4YlE

103
Let’s Speak

Conversation

Situation : Lucy tells Andrew about being on a jury.

Andrew : Hi. How are you? I haven’t seen you for a few days.
Lucy : Hi. I’m fine. I’ve been busy.
Andrew : What have you been doing?
Lucy : I was called to do jury duty.
Andrew : Wow. What was it like?
Lucy : It was good. It did not take too long and was fun.
Andrew : What happened? I have never been on a jury.
Lucy : I got a letter telling me to go to the court house, and I was then taken to a court
room.
Andrew : What was the case about?
Lucy : It was about a teenager who had done a lot of robberies?
Andrew : You found him to be guilty?
Lucy : Yes. It was easy. There was so much evidence that there was no doubt he did the
crime.
Andrew : Why did it take so long then?
Lucy : There was just so much evidence. The evidence took three days to present and
then we only needed fifteen minutes to reach our decision.
Andrew : Ok good.

Exercise

A. Complete the sentences with I’ll + a suitable verb.

Example: I’m too tired to walk home. I think I’ll get a taxi.

1. I feel a bit hungry, I think ................................ something to eat.

2. It’s too late to telephone Tom now, ................................ him in the morning.
3. ‘It’s a bit cold in this room. ‘................................ on the heating then’.
4. ‘We haven’t got any cigarettes’. ‘Oh, haven’t we? ................................ and get some.

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 5. ‘Did you write that letter to Jack?’ ‘Oh, I forgot. Thanks for reminding me,
................................ in this evening’.
6. ‘Would you like tea or coffee?’ ................................ coffee, please’.

B. Now you have to use I think I’ll … or I don’t think I’ll… Read the situation and then
write your sentences.
Example:
 It’s cold. You decide to close the window. I think I’ll close the window.
 It’s raining. You decide not to go out. I don’t think I’ll go out.

1. You feel tired. You decide to go to bed. I ................................

2. A friend of yours offers you a lift in his car but you decide to walk. Thank you but
................................
3. You arranged to play tennis. Now you decide that you don’t want to play
................................
4. You were going to go swimming. Now you decide that you don’t want to
go................................

C. Now you have to offer to do things. Tom has a lot of things to do and in each case you
offer to do them for him
Example: Tom: Oh, I must do the washing-up.
You: No, it’s all right. I’ll do the washing-up

1. Tom: Oh, I must get the dinner ready. You: No, it’s all right. I………………………
2. Tom: Oh, I must do the shopping. You: No, …………………………………………
3. Tom: Oh, I must water the plants. You: ………………………………………………

D. This time you have to agree and promise to do things.

Example:
A: Can you clean the windows?
B: Sure, I’ll clean them this afternoon.
A: Do you promise?
B: Yes, I promise I’ll clean them this afternoon.

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1. A: Can you phone me later?
B: Sure ................................ tonight.
A: Do you promise?
B: Yes, ................................

2. A: Can you repair the clock?

B: Okay, ................................ tomorrow.
A: Do ................................
B: ................................

3. A: Please don’t tell anyone.

B: All right, I ................................
A: ................................
B: ................................

4. A: Please don’t hurt me.

B: Don’t worry ................................
A: ................................
B: ................................

Relevant reference:

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n14zCZAvSjI
2. https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/will-and-shall/

106
 UNIT 14

Getting Ready
Before reading the passage, answer the following question. Do you know a police officer’s
duty.

Let’s Read
POLICE OFFICERROLES IN LAW
Police officers play a central role in the law enforcement system. They serve and protect
citizens, take part in community patrols, investigate crimes, and testify in court as needed.
While one normally needs only a high school diploma to qualify for police academy training,
many police officers have two- or four-year degrees in criminal justice.
A police officer's first order of business is to serve and protect. In fact, the phrase "serve
and protect" is common in the credo of many law enforcement agencies. Police officers serve
their communities by helping citizens in times of crisis and emergency, such as when a natural
disaster hits. To protect citizens on the road, they issue tickets to dangerous and careless drivers.
To protect them in their communities, they make arrests that deter illegal and dangerous
behaviors.
Police officers and detectives also routinely investigate crimes. When someone calls the
police department after a crime is committed, officers in the area respond to the call. They take
statements from parties involved in the incident as well as any witnesses to get additional
information and statements. Officers also gather up any evidence immediately accessible and
help section off areas where the crime occurred so forensic scientists can come and do more
thorough evidence searches.
The community involvement facet of a police officer's duties often gets overlooked.
However, many officers are active in service projects and activities. Their public service roles
include speaking at schools and businesses, where officers educate people on how to avoid

107
dangerous situations and handle emergency situations. Other forms of community involvement
include drug prevention and education, and driver safety programs. These duties help create a
better rapport between law enforcement and citizens.

Glossary:
committed (v) : conducted community patrol (np):patrol for
community credo (n) : concept
deter (v) : prevent
facet of (n) : side
rapport (n) : close relation
testify (v) : witness

Task 1
From the list of headings below, choose the most suitable heading for paragraph I to IV. Write
the appropriate numbers (A – F). Note: there are more headings than the paragraph, so you will
not use them all.

HEADINGS
A. Job of police officer in order to protect citizens
B. Drug prevention
C. The role of police officer
D. The real actions of police officer in the public community
E. Public speaking in schools and business
F. Things to do by police officer in investigating crimes

Paragraph Heading
I .................
II .................
III .................
IV .................

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 CONTINENTAL SYSTEM
Continental system is sometimes known as codified legal system.
It has been resulted from attempts by governments to produce a set of
code to govern every legal aspect of citizen’s life. In codifying their legal
system, many countries have looked to the examples of Revolutionary
and Napoleonic France. The lawmakers of new nations sometimes wanted to show that the
legal rights of their citizens originated in the state, not in local customs, and thus it was the
state to make law, not the courts. The lawmakers were often influenced by the model of the
canon law of the Roman Catholic Church, the most important influence came from the seventh
century under the direction of the Roman Emperor Justinian. His aim had been to eliminate the
confusion of inconsistent law-making by formulating a comprehensive system that would
replace existing law.

Legal Vocabulary

Vocabulary
English Indonesia
1. codified ……..............………..
2. legal system ...........…………….....
3. a set of code ...........…………….....
4. law makers ...........…………….....
5. legal right ...........…………….....
6. make law ...........…………….....
7. formulating ...........…………….....

Grammar

Be going to & Shall

A. Will and be going to

Be going to and will have the same meaning, that is, they both predict an event in the
future. But we don't use will for a future event that is prearranged. Consider the following
examples:
- Tom is going to play tennis on Monday.
- Are you going to watch television this evening?

109
 Compare:
- Tom: I’m very worried about my examination next week/ Ann: Don’t worry, Tom. You’ll
pass.
You'll pass is not an arrangement or a wish. Ann just said what would happen, or what she
expected to happen. When we predict future events, we use will or won't.
- When you return home, you’ll notice a lot of changes.
- This time next year I’ll be in Japan. Where will you be?
- When will you know your examination results?
- Tom won’t pass his examination. He hasn’t done any work for it.

Kita juga sering menggunakan will dengan kata-kata berikut:

Probably I’ll probably be a bit late this evening.
Sure You must meet Ann. I’m sure you’ll like her.
Expect I expect Carol will get the job.
Think Do you think we’ll win the match?

B. Will and Shall

Shall can be used for I and We, just as will is used:
- We shall probably go to Scotland in June.
- I shan’t be here tomorrow.
- Shall I open the window?
- I’ve got no money. What shall I do?
- Where shall we go this evening?

Let’s Write
As major cities around the world are growing, so are their problems. What are these problems
for young people living in cities? What are possible solutions for these problems?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

110
 Let’s Listen

https://youtu.be/DfXGEaBq02s

Let’s Speak
Conversation

Situation: Jane and Patrick witness a crime.

Police officer : Good afternoon. I need to take a statement from each of you about what you
saw.
Jane : Ok.
Police officer : Please first tell me your names.
Jane : I am Jane Major.
Patrick : I am Patrick Luck.
Police officer : Ok, now please tell me everything you saw.
Patrick : We were walking along the street when we saw the car driving down the road
quite fast.
Jane : It was not going in a straight line. It was weaving all over the road.
Patrick : It then hit another car that was parked at the side of the road.
Jane : Then it hit the lamppost.
Police officer : Ok thank you. Is there anything else?
Jane : Yes, we went to try to help the driver and saw several open beer cans in the
car.
Police officer : Good. Yes the woman has been charged with drink driving. You might have
to come to court to be witnesses and give evidence.
Patrick : Ok.
Jane : Yes, we will be able to do that.

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 Exercise

A. Decide which form of the verb is correct (or more natural) in these sentences. Cross out
the one which is wrong.
Example: Tom is n’t free on Saturday. He will work/is working
1. I will go/am going to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too?
2. According to the weather forecast it will rain/is raining tomorrow.
3. I’m sure Tom will get/is getting the job. He has a lot of experience.
4. I can’t meet you this evening. A friend of mine will come/is coming to see me.
5. A: Have you decided where to go for your holidays yet?
B: Yes, we will go/are going to Italy.
6. Don’t worry about the dog. It won’t hurt/isn’t hurting you.

B. Answer these questions using the words in brackets.

Example: When do you think he’ll arrive? (expect/to night). I expect he’ll arrive to night
1. What do you think she’ll say? (probably/nothing). She……………………………….
2. Where do you think she’ll go? (expect/London). I…………………………………….
3. When do you think she’ll leave? (think/tomorrow). I………………………………….
4. How do you think she’ll go there? (expect/by train). I ………………………………...
5. When do you think she’ll be back? (think/quite soon). I..……………………………...
6. Do you think you’ll miss her? (I’m sure/very much). Yes, …………………………….

C. Now you have to read a situation and then write a sentence with shall I? In each situation
you are talking to a friend.
Example: It’s very hot in the room. The window is shut. Shall I open the window?
1. You’ve just tried on a jacket in a shop. You are not sure whether to buy it or not. Ask
your friend for advice.…………………………………………………………………...
2. You’re going out. It’s possible that it will rain and you’re not sure whether to take an
umbrella or not. Ask your friend for advice.…………………………………………......
3. It’s Ann’s birthday soon and you don’t know what to give her. Ask your friend for
advice. What…………………………………………………………………………….

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4. Your friend want you to phone him/her later. You don’t know what time to phone.
Ask him/her. What …………………………………………...This time you have to
make sentences with shall we?
5. You and your friend haven’t decided where to go for holidays. You say: Where ……….
6. You and your friend haven’t decided what to have for dinner. You say: …………….......
7. You and your friend are going out. You haven’t decided whether to go by car or to
walk. You say: …………………………………………………………………….…….

Relevant reference:

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpmmTWcjVbM
2. https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/be-going-to-plans-
predictions/

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 LEGAL VOCABULARY

Accuse : To claim someone did something, often something illegal. (verb)

Accused : A person that is alleged to have done something. (noun)
Acquit : To say a person is not guilty and did not perform a crime. (verb)
Advocate : A lawyer who argues for a particular side of a case in court. (noun)
Allege : To say that someone might have done something, but it has not been
proven to be true. (verb)
Appeal : To try to reverse the judgment of a court. (verb)
Appeal-court : A special court where appeals are heard. (noun)
Arrest : When a police officer takes away someone who has committed a crime.
(noun)
Arson : To illegally set fire to something. (noun)
Assault : To physically attack another person. (verb)
Bailiff : A court worker who enforces the judge’s orders. (noun)
Ban : To prevent someone from doing something for a certain amount of time.
(noun)
Barrister : A senior lawyer that works in higher or more important courts. (noun)
Bench (1) : Where the judge sits in a court. (noun)
Bench (2) : A collective name for all the judges within a court. (noun)
Break-the-law : To do something that is not allowed under the law of that country. (verb)
Bribery : To give something (normally money) to get an advantage. (noun)
Burglary : To steal something from within a building or vehicle. (noun)
Capital punishment: The use of the death penalty for some crimes. (noun)
Case : A single item happening within a court. (noun)
Charge : To officially claim that a person broke the law. (verb)
Civil law : The rules related to the running of a country or state. (noun)
Commit a crime : To do something illegal. (verb)
Compensate : To give something (often money) to offset criminal damage. (verb)
Convict : To state that someone is guilty of a crime. (noun)
Court clerk : The person who ensures a court runs smoothly, the person who keeps the
court records. (noun)

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Courtroom : The place where cases are heard by a judge. (noun)
Criminal law : The rules related to crime and the punishment of crimes. (noun)
Criminal : A person who has been convicted by a court. (noun)
Death penalty : To kill someone as a form of punishment for committing a crime. (noun)
Defence attorney : A lawyer who explains why a person did not do the crime or why they are
innocent. (noun)
Defence : The argument as to why someone is innocent. (noun)
Defendant : The person who has been accused of committing a crime. (noun)
Dock : The place where the defendant sits during the trial. (noun)
Drink-driving : The crime of driving a vehicle after drinking alcohol. (noun)
Drug dealing : The crime of selling illegal drugs. (noun)
Embezzlement : The crime of stealing money owned by someone else but which you were
in charge of. (noun)
Evidence : The material and information that is used in a court case to show innocence
or guilt. (noun)
Expert witness : Someone who knows a lot about a topic and is called to give evidence.
(noun)
Felony : A serious crime (American English). (noun)
Fine : To be required to give away money as a punishment for committing a crime.
(noun)
Foreperson : The leader of a jury and the person who speaks for them. (noun)
Forgery : The crime of making something and claiming it is something else. (noun)
Fraud : The crime of using false information to get something. (noun)
Guilty : To be found to have committed a crime. (adjective)
High-court : The most important court in a country (British English). (noun)
Hijack : The crime of taking a vehicle with people in it and forcing it to go
somewhere. (noun)
Homicide : The crime of intentionally killing someone (same as murder) (American
English). (noun)
Illegal : Something that is not allowed by the laws of a country. (adjective)
Imprison : To put someone in prison as a punishment for committing a crime. (verb)
Indict : To officially accuse someone of committing a crime. (verb)
Innocent : To be proven to be not guilty, to have not committed the crime. (adjective)

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Judge : The person who decides what sentence to give to someone found guilty of
committing a crime. (noun)
Jury : A group of 12 people who listen to the evidence in a case and then decide if
the accused is guilty. (noun)
Jury room : The room where the jury goes to consider the evidence and decide a verdict.
(noun)
Justice : A situation where a guilty person has been punished. (noun)
Juvenile : A person who is not an adult and is often dealt with in special courts. (noun)
Kidnapping : The crime of taking a person away and demanding money to return them.
(noun)
Law : The rule or rules that govern how people should behave. (noun)
Lawsuit : A court case brought by an individual person rather than officials. (noun)
Lawyer : A person who studies and practices law. (noun)
Legal : Related to and governed by the law. (adjective)
Magistrate : A judge with lower qualifications who deals with minor offences. (noun)
Manslaughter : The crime of accidentally killing someone. (noun)
Misdemeanour : A less serious crime (American English). (noun)
Murder : The crime of intentionally killing someone (same as homicide) (British
English). (noun)
Negligence : To act without proper care for the consequences. (noun)
Not-guilty : To have not committed a crime. (adjective)
Offence : The specific law that a person has broken. (noun)
Parole : To be released from prison early but with restrictions on the person’s actions.
(noun)
Perjury : The crime of lying while promising not to lie. (noun)
Pick-pocketing : The crime of stealing something from a person’s pocket or bag. (noun)
Plaintiff : The person who starts an action in a court. (noun)
Plea : The response to whether a person did or did not commit a crime: guilty or
innocent. (noun)
Police officer : A person who catches criminals and stops crimes being committed. (noun)
Precedent : Where previous judgments are used as the base of new laws. (noun)
Prison sentence : The time that a criminal has to spend in prison. (noun)

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Prison : A place where criminals are sent and locked up as a punishment for their
crimes. (noun)
Probation : A period of time where a criminal's behaviour is looked at closely and if they
do anything wrong they can go back to prison. (noun)
Prosecution : The lawyers who are trying to prove a person is guilty. (noun)
Public gallery : The area in a court room where people can sit and watch. (noun)
Robbery : The crime of taking something that does not belong to you. (noun)
Shoplifting : The crime of taking something from a shop without paying. (noun)
Smuggling : The crime of bringing something into a country that is illegal or not paying
taxes related to the items. (noun)
Solicitor : A lawyer who can be consulted for advice and who prepares documents. (noun)
Stand trial : To be prosecuted in front of a jury. (noun)
Statement : A formal description of what happened or was observed. (noun)
Stenographer : The person who records every word spoken in a court. (noun)
Sue : To start a legal claim against a person or entity. (verb)
Suspect : A person who is believed to have committed a crime. (noun)
Take the stand : To go to the front of the court room (the stand) and give evidence. (verb)
Terrorism : The crime of using violence against people to achieve a specific goal. (noun)
Testify : To give evidence in a court. (verb)
The accused : The person who is standing trial for committing a crime. (noun)
The stand : The place at the front of the court room where witnesses stand to give evidence.
(noun)
Theft : The crime of taking something that is not yours. (noun)
Trespass : The crime of entering an area or building without permission. (noun)
Trial : The process of a jury listening to evidence and then giving a verdict. (noun)
Unanimous : When everyone agrees with the same answer. (adjective)
Vandalism : The crime of damaging property. (noun)
Verdict : The final decision reached by a jury, normally ‘guilty’ or ‘not guilty’. (noun)
Victim : The person who has had a crime committed against them and who has suffered.
(noun)
Violate : To not follow rules that are specifically set. (verb)
Witness : A person who has information about a crime. (noun)

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 References
1. Dwi Poedjiastutie, et el. 20017. English for Law. Penerbit Universitas Muhamadiyah
Malang Press
2. Efrida Lubis. 2017. Working Sheets:Legal English for Law Students.
3. Test English - Prepare for your English exam (testenglish.com)
4. Ellii (formerly ESL Library)
5. Ellii (formerly ESL Library) - YouTube
6. Belajar Present Perfect Continuous Tense | Bahasa Inggris - YouTube
7. ELF - English Learning Fast
8. Conversational English - Invitations - YouTube
9. American English
10. test-english.com
11. Pep Talk India

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 DEWI SURANI, S.S., M.Pd., MCE
Universitas Bina Bangsa

Dewi Surani, was born in Klaten, 24 November 1979, Central Java. She got
her bachelor degree in English literature from Sebelas Maret State University
Solo in 2006. She starts her carries as an honorary English teacher in Serang city since 2007.
Her interest in education encouraged her to continue her master's degree in learning technology
at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Serang University, which was completed in 2013. Since 2013, she
has been recorded as a permanent lecturer at Bina Bangsa Banten University (UNIBA), and
entrusted with a structural position as Head of the Language Center at Bina Bangsa University
since 2018 until now.

RINI DWI SEPTIYANI, S.Pd., M.Pd

Universitas Bina Bangsa

Rini Dwi Septiyani was born in Serang, on September 22 1994. Rini has
completed her undergraduate education at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
University majoring in English Education in 2017 and continuing Her master’s degree at Sultan
Ageng Tirtayasa University majoring in English Education, in 2019. After graduating, she
started her career as a lecturer in English Department at Bina Bangsa University.

IRON FAJRUL ASLAMI, S.H., M.H

Universitas Bina Bangsa

Iron Fajrul Aslami was born in Serang, on 17 December 1982. He got his
undergraduate education at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University majoring in Criminal Law in
2006 and continuing his master's degree at the University of Indonesia majoring in Master in
Criminal Law and graduated in 2011. He started his career by becoming a legal and criminal
system lecture at the University in Banten, and became the Founder & Advocate of Peradi at
the FWP Law Firm Law Office.

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