Chapter 1 – Matter

A. Objective Questions
1. Write true or false for each statement
(a) The temperature of a substance remains unaffected during its change of
state.
Answer: True.
(b) Ice melts at 100°C.
Answer: False.
(c) Water at 100°C has more heat than the steam at 100°C.
Answer: False.
(d) Evaporation of a liquid causes cooling.
Answer: True.
(e) Water evaporates only at 100°C.
Answer: False.
(f) Boiling takes place at all temperatures.
Answer: False.
(g) Evaporation takes place over the entire mass of the liquid.
Answer: False.
(h) The process of a gas converting directly into gas is called vaporization.
Answer: False.
(i) At high altitudes, water boils above100°C.
Answer: False.
(j) The melting point of ice is 0°C.
Answer: True.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks
(a) Evaporation takes place at all temperature.
(b) Freezing process is the just reverse of melting.
(c) Sublimation is a process that involves the direct conversion of a solid into its
vapour on heating.
(d) The temperature at which a solid convert into a liquid is called it’s melting
point.
(e) The smallest unit of matter that exists freely in nature is called a molecule.
(f) Molecules of a substance are always in a state of motion and so they
possess kinetic energy.
(g) Intermolecular space is maximum in gases less in liquids and the least
in solids.
(h) The intermolecular force of attraction is maximum in solids, less
in liquids and the least in gases.
Question 3.
Match the following:
Column A Column B
(a) Molecules (i) water boils
(b) 100°C (ii) evaporation
(c) 0°C (iii) changes from solid to gas
(d) At all temperatures (iv) matter
(e) Camphor (v) water freezes
Solution:
Column A Column B
(a) Molecules (iv) matter
(b) 100°C (i) water boils
(c) 0°C (v) water freezes
(d) At all temperatures (ii) evaporation
(e) Camphor (iii) changes from solid to gas
Question 4.
Select the correct alternative
(a) The inter-molecular force is maximum in
1. Solids
2. Gases
3. Liquids
4 none of the above
Solution: 1. Solids
(b) The inter-molecular space is maximum in
1. liquids
2. solids
3. gases
4. none of the above
Solution: 3. Gases
(c) The molecules can move freely anywhere in
1. gases
2. liquids
3. solids
4. none of the above
Solution: 1. Gases
(d) The molecules move only within the boundary of
1. liquids
2. gases
3. solids
4. none of the above
Solution: 1. Liquids
(e) The temperature at which a liquid gets converted into its vapour state is
called its
1. melting point
2.boiling point
3. dewpoint
4. freezing point.
Solution: 2. Boiling point
(f) Rapid conversion of water into steam is an example of
1. evaporation
2. freezing
3. melting
4. vapourization
Solution: 4. Vapourization
(g) Evaporation takes place from the
1. the surface of the liquid
2. throughout the liquid
3. mid-portion of the liquid
4 bottom of the liquid.
Solution: 1. surface of the liquid
(h) Boiling takes place from the
1. the surface of the liquid
2. throughout the liquid
3. mid-portion of liquid
4. none of the above.
Solution: 2. throughout the liquid

Q1) Define the term matter. What is it composed of ?

Answer:
Solution:

Anything which occupies space and has mass is called matter. Matter is
composed of tiny particles called molecules.

https://youtu.be/sTcPQM7pgyI
Video transcript
hello students so as you can see this is a very short question so what is
mentioned in the question here it is said that define the term matter and what
is it composed of so let us just start with the definition of matter so anything
anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter now let's have a look
at the different types of matter which we have here so can you see a rock over
here so this is solid state of matter as you can see the water over here this is
liquid state of matter and you can see the gas over here this is a helium balloon
as you can see so this is gaseous state of matter so these are the three states of
matter as you can see from the definition all of these solid rock it occupies space
as you can see from the picture as well and it also has a mass right let's look at
the liquid again liquid also occupy space and has mass look at gas gas also has
mass and occupy space so yes they are going with the definition of matter now
let's look at the next part the next part of the question says what is it composed
of so you can see that from the picture as well do you see the picture below so
matter is composed of tiny particles very tiny particles called do you know what
they are called yes correct they are called molecules so as you can see from the
picture here these are the three states of matter and this is how the molecules
are arranged so this is your solid state of matter this is your liquid state of matter
and this is your gaseous state of matter these are the molecules which you see
in solid liquid and gas this is how they are arranged so matter is composed of
these tiny particles which are called molecules so that's all for the definition of
matter if you have any further doubts please place your comments below thank
you

Q2) State three properties of molecules of a matter.

Answer:
Solution:

Properties of matter are:

• Molecules are very small in size.

• They have space between them.
• They possess kinetic energy and as they are in constant motion.

https://youtu.be/7G_gOHGYfAM
Video transcript
Hello Students Welcome to the question-and-answer video of lido learning as
you can see the the question here is very short. right what does it say it says to
state three properties of Molecules of matter you can also see that I have made
a picture below right what do you think they are yes what do you think these
are the round objects which you can see here Yes, these are the molecules and
this picture states the arrangement of molecules in solids arrangement in liquids
and arrangement of gases as well so this is how the molecules are. arranged in
the three states of matter so we are talking about solids Liquids and gases now
Let's begin with the listing down the properties of these molecules right so let's
start with the first one. so the first one is, do you see molecules? with your naked
eye No, right, we cannot see molecules in the solids liquids and gases right we
don't see such round objects so what does that show that says that the
molecules are very small in size right that is the very first property of molecules
let's talk about the next one before listing down the The next property look at
the picture below in solids can you see some space between the molecules. Yes,
you can in liquids the space between the molecules have increased can you see
that what do you see in gases space has increased far more right so what does
that say? about the properties of molecules it says that the molecules what do
they have they have space between them so the molecules have space between
them okay now let's talk about the third The properties of molecules now look
at the again look at the picture of the solid liquids and gases here so as you can
see the arrangement of Molecules we all know that since there is a lot of space
between the gas molecules they can move freely right the liquid molecules also
I tried to move and they do move to some extent but the solid Molecules are
unable to move the motion of molecules although molecules would always like
to be in motion this motion is called random motion now because of this motion
there will be since the molecules are in motion or in random motion, we call that
they possess yes what do they possess they possess energy and what type of
energy they possess the molecules they possess kinetic energy so here comes
our third property of today about molecules that are let me just state it down
below here so we have the third point as the molecules possess kinetic the
energy so all the molecules they have Kinetic energy as they are in a constant
motion so they are trying to be inconstant motion all the time that is the reason
they possess kinetic energy so with this we conclude all the three properties of
molecules in the matter right if you have any further doubts, please answer in
the comments below. Thank you.

Q3) What do you mean by the inter- molecular spaces? How do they vary in
different states of matter?
Answer:
Solution:

The spacing between the molecules of matter is called Inter- molecular spaces.
Intermolecular spaces vary from solid, liquid and gases.intermolecular spaces
are less in solids more in liquids and most in gases.

We can understand this by an experiment :

Take a measuring beaker. Fill the beaker upto 50ml of water. Now add 10 grams
of sugar in it. The volume of the beaker should increase. The dissolving sugar
volume remains the same , 50 ml. This is because there are spaces in water
molecules and sugar molecules occupy these spaces and volume remains the
same.

https://youtu.be/XKQ8gWmUVWE
Video transcript
"Hello children. Welcome Toledo learnings question answer videos. So let's have
a look at this position. So the question says what do you mean by intermolecular
spaces? And how do they vary in different states of matter? Do you want to see
the picture here? Have you guessed by this picture there? And what do we have
here? Yes, the small round balls, which you see here are actually represent
molecules. And what do you think these states after our yes first one is solid.
The second one is liquid. And the third one is gas or cashews. Fast you can see
these are this is the arrangement of molecules in solid state in liquid state and
in gaseous state. Now, let's go back to the question. So the question says what
do you mean by intermolecular forces? So the spacing between let's write the
spacing between the molecules. Between The molecules of matter So what is
that called? That is called inter molecular spaces. Where do you think is this
bitch? So here the N dimensional space is the go from gases is greater than liquid
greater than solid. So here in this its decreases. It doesn't increase also so here
we can observe this picture. We have some sugar of engrams and 50 mL of
water. It dissolves. So here it doesn't increases so in the picture below we can
see it is solid have molecules and then it could have many gaps and gases. They
are much more Gap. So gaseous is greater than liquid is greater than solids.
Thank you for watching the video If you haven't it was please let me know in the
comments section. Thank you"

Q4) What is meant by the intermolecular forces of attraction?

Answer:
Solution:

The force of attraction between the molecules of matter is called the

intermolecular force of attraction. It is maximum in solids, less in liquid and least
in gases.

https://youtu.be/dGtVuocR7Sc

Video transcript
hello students welcome to the question and answer radio session of Lido
learning so yes we have a the question over here can you all see the question so
it is asked what is meant by intermolecular forces of attraction do you see a
picture which I have made over here could you guess what is this what are these
small light blue colored beautiful balls which I have made here yes are the
molecules so they represent the molecule in the three-state of matter so here
we have the three state of matter could you guess which one is what state as
you can see how the molecules are closely packed here this is the solid-state of
matter look how loosely packed the molecules are so this is your liquid state of
matter and very loosely packed molecules are present in gas or gaseous state of
the matter now let's have a look at the question here so it is asked what do we
mean by inter-molecular forces of attraction molecules so let me write that
down for you so what do we mean by intermolecular force it is the force of
attraction between the molecules of matter okay now before I write down the
next part could you just look at the picture below and tell me which out of the
three states of matter will have the maximum force of the attraction which out
of the three states will have the maximum force of attraction now have a look
at the solid-state here do you see the spaces between the molecules do you find
any space there is hardly any right now look at the liquid molecules yes there is
a bit of space between the molecule and look at the gaseous molecules so here
we have a lot of space between the molecules right so now the space is also
maximum in gas so do you think there will be much attraction in the gas
molecules no, and now look at the solid molecules since the spaces are very less
or theories of the attraction will be maximum in solids followed by liquids and
then the least will be in gas so let me just write that down for you so we have
the definition of intermolecular forces here that are the force of the attraction
between the molecules of matter and we will say that this force is maximum in
solid followed by liquids and least or very less in gases so that's how we conclude
this answer for this particular question if you have any further doubts, please
put your comments below thank you
Q5) Which of the following are correct?

(a) Solids have definite shape and definite volume.

(b) Liquid have definite volume but do not have definite shape.

(c) Gases have definite volume but no definite shape.

(d) Liquids have definite shape and definite volume.

Answer:
Solution:

(a) Solids have definite shape and definite volume.

(b) Liquid have definite volume but do not have definite shape.

https://youtu.be/F1KlCSh9Gtw
Video transcript
welcome students welcome to the question-and-answer video of video learning,
let's have a look at this Question: so this question seems to be very long indeed
but let's just check it out so which of the following is correct this sounds easy
right we just have to guess which one is correct. Read out the options for the
first one says Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume okay Let's try it
out and read out the next one. Liquids have a definite volume but do not have a
definite shape Let's read out the third one gases have a definite volume but no
Definitely in shape okay so let's readout the fourth one is that liquids have
Define shape and definite volume now to understand this, let's look at the
pictures which I have here can you guess what do these pictures repeat Yes, we
are talking about molecules here so as we can see the small round blue balls are
nothing but the molecules okay can you guess the states of matter in this case
so we know that there are three states of matter which are the three states of
the matter namely We will have a solid look at the arrangement of molecules
here we have liquids and the third one is gas or the gaseous state of matter i
have also Place a few examples of solids here can you see an example of a solid
here is good liquid here is milk as well as oil and I have a gas which i have put in
a bottle which is co2 Okay, now let's look at the statement above so it is asked,
let's read the first A statement that is solid has definite shape and definite
volume, let's have a look at this Wood, yes it does have a definite shape. so what
do you mean by definite volume so volume is the space occupied by an object
so space occupies so what do we see in case of what here yes would has a
definite shape and it also occupies a definite space right so the volume is also
definite so this statement is correct so let's just mention that over here so the
first statement is correct, I'm going to take the statements which are correct
okay let's go to the next one liquids have a definite volume but do not have a
definite shape so let's take that step by let's talk about the shape of liquid now
look at this, both milk and oil are liquid i have poured them into two separate
shaped containers can you see how the the shape they have acquired the milk
has acquired the shape of this bottle and the oil has acquired the shape of this
bottle right so they do not have a definite the shape that shows they do not have
the the definite shape they just take the shape of the container in which they
are full okay now what about the definite volume so if you pour some water on
the floor what do you observe it takes up space on the floor right but it is a
definite space in which it will take up so that is called the definite that is an
example of definite volume so liquids they although they may not have a definite
shape but they do have a definite volume because even if you pour liquid on the
floor This is the perfect example that it occupies a certain space on the floor you
can see that right so that shows that liquids have a definite volume but do not
have a definite shape this is also correct Let's look at the third one now gangsters
have a definite volume but no definite shape okay so the second part is correct
that gas does not have any definite shape they also take the the shape of the
container where they are so in this case I have captured the co2 gas or carbon
dioxide, this is the gas which you breathe out so when you breathe out carbon
dioxide what is to it you can't see it or you can't feel it right once it's then once
you breathe it out it's gone so that shows that they fill up the gases they fill up
or occupy the entire volume so the entire volume of the room so the gases they
occupy the entire volume of the room so they do not have they do not have
gases that do not have a definite volume and they do not have a definite shape
as well but in this statement they said that gases have a definite volume so this
statement cannot be correct. Let's go through the last statement so liquids have
a definite shape here itself it is wrong why let's look in the picture which I have
so look at the shape of the containers. although I have poured oil and milk on
both are liquids right but look at how they have taken the shape of the container
so the milk has taken the shape of this container oil has taken the shape of this
container that shows that liquid they do not have a definite shape so they do
not have a Define shape but they do have a definite volume this we have
discussed previously so in this case for this question the last two options are raw
and we only have two correct options which are the first two That is, let me just
repeat that for you. that solids have definite shape and Define volume liquids
have a definite volume but do not I have a definite shape so that's all for this
question if you have any further doubts, please put in the comments put in your
comment in the section Thank you.

Q6) Discuss the three states of matter solid,liquids and gas on the basis of
molecular model.

Answer:
Solution:

Solid : in solid form molecules are very tightly packed that there is very less
intermolecular space and there is high

Intermolecular force of attraction. The molecules do not move about their mean
position and thus solids have a definite shape and volume.

Liquid : in the liquid form molecules are less tightly packed as compared to solids
and also there is less force of intermolecular attraction. They do not have a
definite shape but acquire the shape of the vessel in which they are contained
but a definite volume at a given temperature

Gases: in the gases form molecules are far apart from each other, that is have
the greatest intermolecular distance which result into the weakest
intermolecular force of attraction. They do not have a definite shape and also
do not have any definite volume.

https://youtu.be/fqI9F5PZaok
Video transcript
"Hello students, welcome to the question and answer video of lido learning.
Let's look at the question here. So it is said that discussed the three states of
matter that the solid liquid and gas on the basis of molecular models. So let's
have a look at the pictures which I have here. So do you see What I have. Just
showed you a picture. The first one is solid. So first, let's discuss about solid then
we will be discussing about liquid and we will be discussing about gases as well.
And I have three examples of each But before discussing, let's talk about the
molecules in solids liquids and gases so in solids as you can see The molecules
are very tightly packed. So each of these light blue color balls is a molecule that
you just label it for you. So as you can see in the solid the molecules are very
tightly packed in liquids. They are Loosely packed and in gases they are very very
Loosely packed. So let's talk about let's discuss each of these characteristics
here. So we have Have make a line here. This will be for solid the second one
will be for liquids. And the third one will be for caps. Now Let's talk about the
molecule Somali killer Arrangement. How is the arrangement of molecules in
solid? So this is the first property which we are discussing it is science Lee. So
the solid molecules are tightly packed. Let's talk about liquids now. Thanks Malik
in Arrangement. They are Loosely packed. Let's have a look at this Castle. So we
have to base our discussion on the molecular model only. So we are this is a
molecular model and we are writing down the properties of each of these states
of matter based on this model. So gases they are very loosely. Okay. Now let's
discuss the second most important property that is In turn molecule now. Space
So intermolecular space so what do we mean by intermolecular space at the
space between the molecules have a look at this picture? So look at the space
between two solid molecules. Can you see the molecules are solid here? Look at
the space between the liquid molecules and look at the space between the gas
molecules. Look at the three adults, which I have drawn which one is the biggest
or the longest Arrow as you can see in the gas molecule the space. His son not
so according to this intermolecular State solid have the least space between the
molecules in Kabbalah economies space between the molecules solids have the
least space. Liquids have a little space. And gases they have maximum space
between the molecules. Now so we have discussed about intermolecular space
as well. Let's just quickly extend the line here because we are running out of
space here. Okay. So now I have the third most important examples of
molecules, which is intermolecular intermolecular. Force of attraction force of
attraction now look at the solid molecules again, let's first discuss always let's
just start with discussing the salt molecules. So as you can see there is very less
space between the molecules here. What does that show that means that the
force of attraction belongs with the Illuminati because the state is very less
between the molecules that shows that they have the they have Latest Intel You
know force of attraction between that just let's just write that down for solid.
So it is maximum. Force okay for liquid it will be less. Horse And how gases it will
be minimum or very little on negligible minimum very recent or negligible.
Megan is a force of attraction between the gas molecules. So these are the three
basic subsidies on which we can discuss the molecular model of solid liquid and
gas so due to this because it's look at the last part that is intermolecular force of
attraction. So due to the weak intermolecular forces between the gas molecules
of gas. There's have no shape because the CO2 gasket. I release this it will just
fill up the entire room. So it does not have a shape of its own look at the liquid
molecules here. So in liquids they there is less force of attraction between
molecules as a result liquids also do not have shape no shape, but they acquire
the shape of the container. You can see the milk here. It has acquired the shape
of the bottom. Now let's look at the solid. So solid in college the intermolecular
forces very much. And also the space is very less as a result. They have a definite
shape. We always say that it is definite shape as well as definite volume. So these
are the properties. So I hope you understood till if you have any further, please
put in your comments. Thank you. "
Q7) What do you mean by the change of state? Write the flowchart showing
the complete cycle of change of state.

Answer:
Solution:

The process of change from one form of state to another form of state either by
absorption or rejection of heat at a constant temperature is called the change
of state.

Complete cycle of change of state

https://youtu.be/WhRwPj2vVmw
Video transcript
"Hello students, welcome to the question and answer video of video learning.
How does my screen look here? Doesn't it look good? Do you know what it is?
Okay, let's start with a question. Okay. The question says what do you mean by
saying of state? So we all know there are three states of matter that are solid
liquid and gas so here as you can see. I have three numbers of each 33 States
and one example of each set is solid is ice liquid is water. And Gasket has any
more water vapor. This is the yeah, right? Okay, so, you know why I have left the
season. And yes so that you will help me to fill these out as we solve this
particular question. So let's start by answering the first part of the question. The
question says, what do you mean by change of state the process of change from
one state are After to the other state either by absorption of heat or rejection
of heat at a constant temperature is called change of state. So the temperature
has to be constant. Now, let's see what is happening over here the solid we all
know I what does ice melt into do or what? Yes, we know ice melts to form
water, right? So the change of state from Let the liquid will be maintained. Okay,
and we have all the already talked about constant temperature. So what is the
temperature at which the ice melts to form water Villa College melting point so
that is a particular temperature at which your eyes melt to form water now tell
me have you ever seen water getting converted to ice what happened in your
refrigerators? Yes, the freezer so we go. Call the prison and jail, right? So yes,
the liquid or water liquid state of matter changes back to a solid-state of matter,
and the process is called nothing's freezing. So your water freezes back to us.
We're at which point is the temperature. Let's talk about the next chain state.
So now what happens when the liquid that is water gets converted to steam or
water vapor. How did this happen? What do you think convert is good. Right.
What happened? You see some coming up. What is that? Exactly - correct. But
from where does it come in liquid water on what you did with your cooking? So
the water in it? Yes. Is converted to water vapor when you boil it. So the process
is called boiling Bo IL ing process where your liquid changes to gasps? It's called
boiling and when does it occur? Yes, all of us know that the boiling point is 100
degrees Celsius or water, right? So this happens as a boiling point. Okay now,
That's we are cooking something and now we have kept a lid on top of it. What
do you see on the lid after some time? Do you see small water droplets from
there has that come to get the gas or the sea gets converted back into the water?
Or liquid that is gas is getting converted back into a liquid and that process is
called condensation. It is condensation. And again boiling point or condensation
point both are happening at the same temperature condensation point. Okay.
Now we have the third and the most interesting thing happens the look at solid
and gas do you think about it directly get converted? Yes, this is she. How do you
drink alcohol? What happens after a few days? It is in Spanish. Right? Right. Do
they disappear? What happened? They undergo sublimation or the process by
which the solid gets converted to gas is called sublimation. And now men there
any Prospect of gas gets converted directly into solid. Okay. Let's take about the
same tab for balls you're talking about. So how do you design any wife of deposit
and of course some guided path coming? Yes, the Gaston County football the
camp. I had got undergone sublimation to change into gas that cash undergoes
dip position. So it undergoes did position to change back to the Sea. Not retain
the shape but it is it appears as deposits on your clothes. Now, you know, what
I'm going to do before we make the complete flow chart going to erase
everything. You know, why because we will just try to remember what we just
now studied. So let's just erase this and now let's talk about the flowchart here
as you can all see. There are 250. Let's just see what from solid to liquid in you
get what is the process? Yes, we talked about solid to liquid. It is melting at is
your eyes get melted to form water liquid to gas will be liquid to gas. That is your
liquid is getting converted to gas is boiling or vaporization paper. Asian or
boiling, right? Okay. Let's convert the Casbah gasps. Ooh. Okay. There are two
processes here as you can see liquid can get converted to gas by vaporization as
well as point, right? Okay. Let's convert the gas back to liquid to gas to get
converted back to liquid by condensation. So we know that to condensation the
gas will get converted back. Liquid gets converted back into solid by what is the
process? Yes, freezing. So the liquid freezer to form solid right? Always
remember to take an example of ice and water. Then your contacts will read
very very clear when you Theta right? Okay, let's move ahead and talk about
solid to gas directly is we talked about sublimation, and let's make another Out
of here, that is gasps. That's the solid which is not discussed. Right, that is the
position. So there is the position there is sublimation. So these are the two
processes, right? Okay. So now instead of slipper ideation, I can also put liquid
to gas here at a-put the boiling. Why should I waste this plank, right? Okay, so
this will be our table for today or the flow chart. Just for today. I hope you
understood if there are any doubts just put your comments below, right? Okay,
bye-bye."

Q8) Differentiate between melting point and boiling point, giving at least one
example of each.

Answer:
Solution:

Melting point:

The constant temperature at which a solid changes into liquid is called melting
point.
Example : ice cubes start melting and change state from a solid to liquid at the
temperature of 0°C.

Boiling point :

The constant temperature at which a liquid starts changing into gas is called
boiling point.

Example : boiling point of water is 100°C.

https://youtu.be/P0HeeWeqvjQ
Video transcript
hello students welcome to lido question and answer video so let's have a look
at this question the question says differentiate between the melting point and
boiling point giving an example one example of peach now what do we mean by
melting point and boiling point can you see the pictures below yes it is and let's
assume that this is water right so can you see what is happening here yes the ice
is turning into the water right or we say it is melting to form water right now
what is the state of the ice the state we have we know that states of there are
three states of matter which is solid-liquid and which is the third one yes it is gas
so here we have solid-state so ice is the solid state of matter and it is melting
into the water which is liquid state which is the liquid state of matter right now
what do you mean by this melting point so we know that solid is getting
converted or changes to the liquid state of matter but what do you mean by
melting water so to understand this let's just write down about the melting point
so the melting point is the constant temperature at which so the melting point
is the constant temperature at which the solid is changed to the liquid state of
matter so in this case we have seen that ice cubes they have started melting and
they change the state to a liquid state which is water so the temperature at
which this happens is 0 degree celsius so 0 degree celsius is the the melting point
of ice okay let me just make this a bit more clearer yes so we say zero degree
celsius is the melting point of ice now let's move ahead to the boiling point now
what do we mean by boiling point can we see the water boiling over here we
see the water boiling over here what is happening here could you see yes the
water is in which state it is liquid state of matter and it gets converted into steam
right steam is what it is gaseous state or gas so water is getting converted into
gas which is water vapor or steam so what is happening so water boils right again
so we may say that the boiling point again is the constant temperature at which
let me just write that down for you so boiling point so we have boiling point
which is the constant temperature at which point is the constant temperature
at which the liquid-liquid state of matter gets converted into gaseous the state
now all of this happens when we are giving heat to it right so let's just say what
is the the boiling point of water we all know that water boils at 100 degree
celsius so we can say that the boiling point of water is 100 degrees celsius we
also write this as 100-degree Celsius and the melting point of ice is 0 degrees
Celsius we have to remember that this happens when we are providing heat so
the ice when in the refrigerator is at a cooler temperature right when we take it
out it melts why does that happen because again there is the heat we are
providing heat to it or the temperature outside is more than the temperature
inside the refrigerator similarly here as you can see the water is boiling so we
are providing heat so once we are providing heat the water is getting converted
into steel and to stick clearly to the the melting point in boiling point this is the
answer I hope all of you have understood this if you have any further queries
please put your comments below thank you

Q9) Describe the process of condensation and sublimation with examples.

Answer:
Solution:

Condensation :

The process of change of vapours on cooling to liquid is called condensation.

Example:

When water vapours are cooled they change into water.

Sublimation :

Process of change of solid into vapours on heating is called sublimation

Example :

Dry ice on heating converts to gas

https://youtu.be/bjiRiUhJAnE
Video transcript
"Lido's question-and-answer videos Let's have a look at this question. But we
have to describe the process of condensation and sublimation with examples.
Can you see the picture here is the replay the water droplets coming here? So
let's say we're boiling this water on the water. We are giving heed to this water
maybe even heat apply the heat to the water for the capping the water boil,
right but then when we cover it, turn it cover with the lid what happened. It's a
tiny droplets of water to the water vapor or the steam has condensed into tiny
droplets. When we were boiling the water it was getting converted from water
to water vapor. So water to water vapor was yours. Yes for the way book. This
is getting change into liquid so that now when the water vapour comes in
contact with them holds lid so the slit is fold. So when this water vapor is hot
steam or water vapor, it can contact with the scolded again changes back to
water and that is what you see over here. It started again gas to liquid to gas
back to liquid. This process is called condensation. Now, let's just write down the
definition of on the condensation. So the process of change of So the process of
change of vapor or gas? Don't liquid. One bullet if you can see here in the picture,
it's cool. Right? That is the reason why the condensation has taken place. Now,
let's look at the next technician which we have to do that is submission. Now,
what do you mean by sublimation? So now we're talking about sublimation. The
sublimation is the process that we just write down the mission for you. So
sublimation is the process of change of solid so the crosses Change of solid
Directly to Vapor it's called. We're talking about where the solid state of matter
gets converted into issues or gaseous state of matter and zip called sublimation.
Let's have some examples of each of these. So the first one that is condensation.
We have seen the example. That is the water right and in case of sublimation we
see the example of Damn for boys how many of you use camper balls? I'm sure
you put sample balls in your need us to keep your clothes. Coach in a good
condition right now when you keep the camper balls in your own era. What do
you see after a few days? Where does the camper ball vanish or disappear?
What happened? Exactly. So the cancer balls are solid state of mother and they
actually undergo sublimation to form. People all they changed into gaseous
state of matter. So this is the process of Sublimation Okay. Also, we have another
example that is dry ice that is when we have dry ice which has solid again when
we heat it or keep it in our palms then it directly changes into paper all converted
into gas. So this is another example of sublimation. I mean Condensation. I have
already mentioned and look at the picture here to understand that something if
you have any further doubts, please or comments below. Thank you. "
Q10) Explain the term melting and melting point.

Answer:
Solution:
In the process, the change from the solid state to the liquid state on heating at
a fixed temperature is called melting.

Melting point can be defined as the fixed temperature at which a solid starts
changing to its liquid state.

https://youtu.be/3WHAKfYlbMI
Video transcript
"Hello to my question and answer video explains the term melting and Mystic
Point. Can you see the picture below now? What do we have? Now let's think
about the C6 of Magadha's be no solid liquid and gas right state of ice to the
water. And what is the state of water in this procedure solid is getting converted
to a liquid? With that on a mine, let's quickly write down the definition for Nigel.
So in this process So this process solid gets conversed converted? To liquid Liquid
state on anything when we are providing heat to it as a call. Staying off
temperature. Now. What do we mean by this particular system or particular Life
as a constant temperature or a fixed temperature? Both this is called the melting
point. So we all know that the melting point of ice is 0 degrees and what do we
mean by this? This means that this ice is getting converted into water and this
happens at 0 degrees Celsius and the entire ice will get that wanted to do not
temperature will remain constant. Ascension Now, let's come to the definition
of building Point Squadron in my bed. Let's just write that down as well. So the
melting point is nothing but the temperature so melting point. The melting point
can be defined as a pixel gesture. This is defined as a fixed temperature at which
this solid at which the solid-state. V conversion starts changing start changing
Into liquid Tape so when I eat chips zero degrees precious it starts melting. So
that says that your ass bitch the solid is done starts to melt and form liquid if all
the melting point of that particular son. So in this case we are talking about I
secured the melting point of ice to zero degree celsius obsessive the melting
point. This is the melting point and the procedure of the Things I do water or
solid to liquid this procedure is cause they think so. I hope this was clear. If you
have any further delays, please put your comments below. Thank you."

Q11) Describe an experiment to demonstrate that a substance absorbs heat

during melting without change in its temperature.

Answer:
Solution:
To show - A substance absorbs heat during melting without change in its
temperature.

Procedure - Take 150g of ice in a beaker and suspend a laboratory thermometer

so that the bulb is in contact with ice. Start heating and note the temperature
when the ice starts melting. Finally, note the temperature when all the ice is
completely melted.

Observation - There is no change in the temperature during the change of state

from solid to liquid. As we know that for the change of state, heat is required
thus substances absorb heat during melting without change in its temperature.

https://youtu.be/WHiIbVDbFfU
Video transcript
"Welcome to lido learnings question-and-answer videos. Now this is a tricky
question. Let's see how we can answer. This question says that to describe an
experiment to demonstrate that the substance absorbs heat during melting
without change in its temperature. Let's say we are conducting this experiment.
I'm conducting this experiment and how do I do that? So we're talking about the
ice cubes in a beaker candy. Let's say we have put 150 grams of Ice Cube in a
beaker. This is a Ghana. And this is this fun is the level tree. Her mom, so we
have to measure the temperature by redo the experiment. So how did the
bottom of the net metering to the ice cubes as you can see and now let me just
give some heat to these types, right? So here I am providing some feature. Let's
say an switched on the bird. Now what we will see that the ice will slowly start
melting, right? Okay, and how does ice melt we know that the ice melts to form
water? Right all the solid state changes to liquid state liquid state when we
provide heat, okay. Final question is said that we have to prove that the
substance absorbs heat now. I'm relating to hear but it so what we will see is
that when we suspend this laboratory thermometer into the eyes and when the
ice starts melting we have 210 note the temperature the first thing which I do
here is I suspend. The thermometer Into the eyes It should be such that the bulb
here such is the ice cubes type the moment. It starts melting. Please make sure
that when it starts melting and I start melting. Melting what do I do? Then? I
know down the temperature. Note the temperature. But it now Then I go head-
to-head to my constant. What is the third step? We start hitting? So when the
sky and now we start heating or we have already started Heating and I salesmen
started melting. Anyways, it just the same. So once we start hitting And we know
the temperature when the ice starts melting then when all the ice has
completely melted and like this water will be formed right so note the
temperature. All Eyes has completely melted. So this entire Beaker will be
covered. Let's say that the ice has completely melted. So we have in case of ice
cubes. Now. We have liquid or the solid has completely melted into liquid state,
right so we have water over here. Now let me know what the temperature what
will You observe so what will be our observation? What do you think will happen
any guesses? We will see that the temperature. Has not changed so we know
that ice melts at zero degree celsius if the temperature reading shows zero
degree celsius then even after the entire pant melted to form water. We will see
the reason is still showing zero degree searches. Now. The question is we have
provided feet right within that hit code when the condition has not changed. So
what does it do? So as we know that cause the change of state heat is required
therefore the conclusion. So let me write down the conclusion. So now we know
that we have divided hate right so we know that first state change of state for
let me write the downfall change state of matter. Heat is required. So this
house? That heat Has being absorbed by this ice by the ice because the
temperature did not change because the temperature did not change. Where is
this food court the Isis itself it so I think this point under some clearer. This
experiment this year you can do this at home as well provided you have an
ability to monitor. If you have any further doubt, please put your comments
below. Thank you. "
Q12) Explain the terms vaporization and boiling point.

Answer:
Solution:

The process of change of liquid to vapours on heating is called vaporization.

When we heat a liquid, the temperature tends to rise till the liquid starts
changing into vapours and then the temperature remains constant for
sometime, even though we are supplying heat. This heat supplied is being used
to change the state of the substance from liquid to vapour. The temperature at
which a liquid starts changing into vapours or gas at constant temperature is
called boiling point.

https://youtu.be/966k7itVkIg
Video transcript
hello students let us discuss the question here in this question, we need to list
the similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration so let
us first discuss the similarities both aerobic and anaerobic respiration use
glucose as a starting molecule and this is called substrate so let us write down
the first one the first one is both use glucose as starting molecule called
substrate let us discuss the second similarity food is oxidized in both cases and
energy is released so let us write down [Music] food is oxidized [Music] in both
cases and energy is released the third similarity both aerobic and anaerobic
respiration produce ATP so let us write down both produce ATP now let us
discuss differences the first difference aerobic respiration takes place in the
presence of oxygen whereas anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of
oxygen so let us write down the first one aerobic respiration takes place in the
presence of oxygen and here in anaerobic respiration it is the absence of oxygen
so let us write anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen let us
discuss the second one carbon dioxide and water are the ends products of
aerobic respiration whereas alcohol is the end product of anaerobic respiration
so let me write down the second point carbon dioxide and water are the end
products of aerobic respiration whereas in anaerobic respiration alcoholic the
end product respiration let us discuss the third point aerobic respiration releases
more energy than anaerobic respiration so here aerobic respiration releases
more energy whereas you're [Music] in anaerobic respiration less energy is
released great we have completed thank you

Q13) A liquid can change into vapours state

(a) At a fixed temperature, and

(b) At all temperatures

Name the process involved in two cases.

Answer:
Solution:

The process involved in two cases is vaporization or boiling.

(a) Boiling

(b) Evaporation

https://youtu.be/LzsQoqNFthQ
Video transcript
hello students welcome to the lido learning question and answer videos let's
have a look at this question so it says a liquid can change into vapor state at a
fixed temperature that is the temperature will not change but the liquid will
change into vapor state and the b option is at all temperatures so there are two
processes involved here we have to name both of these so let's start with the
first one and i have a picture as well as you can all see this is a liquid we are
providing heat to it and this liquid gets converted into paper so here the liquid
is getting converted into vapor when we provide heat to it or when the
temperature increases when the liquid starts boiling so this temperature is
called the boiling point of the liquid so when the liquid has started boiling at that
time the liquid starts converting into vapor and this boiling point or that
particular temperature remains constant throughout till the entire liquid has
converted into vapor although we are providing heat so this temperature
remains fixed in this case and this is called boiling or vaporization as well but
let's just stick to boiling okay let's look at the next option at all temperatures
now i have already mentioned the name here so yes it is evaporation so the
process involved where the liquid again is getting converted into vapor state if
that process is evaporation so here as you can see this is a water body right so
this water body has a large surface area so there is a large surface area of this
water body and this from the surface the molecules we all know that matter is
made up of molecules right so the molecules gain energy get excited and get
converted into gas that is how the process of evaporation happens so as you can
see it is not related to vaporization or it's a completely different process so here
the molecules get excited they become they have more energy and they convert
to gas so here the process is happening at the surface level but look at this look
at this picture let's compare how evaporation is different from boiling so when
we are boiling this liquid the heat is coming from below the entire liquid is
boiling or getting heated and getting converted to vapor whereas in case of
evaporation it takes place only on the surface a very good example of this will
be mop or mopping the flow you must have seen that when you are mopping
on a flat surface or a larger surface it quickly dries up what happens to that water
have you ever wondered basically the evaporation happens or that water gets
converted into vapor so i hope that this definition and the description was clear
if you have any further doubts please post your comment thank you

Q14) Some ice is taken in temperature is recorded after each one minute. The
observations are listed below:
 Time (in minute) Temperature (in °C)

0 0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 3.8

7 7.6

8 11.4

From the above observations what conclusion do you draw about the melting
point of ice ?

Answer:
Solution:

From the above observations, we concluded that ice melts at 0°C. During which
heat is supplied but temperature does not rise shows that heat supplied is used
to change the state of ice into water and when the ice is completely melted, the
temperature starts to rise.

https://youtu.be/nEgdwFVZuvU
Video transcript
hello students welcome to lido learning question and answer videos now this
question has some table in it but don't get scared i'm there to help you let's have
a look at the question some ice is taken in temperature and that temperature is
recorded after each one minute these are the observations now look at the
observations carefully can you see some change in the trend in temperature yes
what do we see that after five minutes the temperature starts increasing right
the temperature increases let me write that down here so what are the
observations from here that temperature it let's talk about the temperature it
increases or starts increasing after five minutes and before five minutes what
was the temperature it remained constant at zero degree celsius so we have
taken ice now this ice is at 0 degrees celsius so because at time t the isotope is
at 0 degree celsius and we have kept it outside let's say have you seen the
moment you start keeping the ice outside what happens it starts melting right
so what is the temperature at which that is happening we all know that the
melting point of ice is zero degree celsius so the melting point of ice is zero
degrees celsius so when the temperature is zero degree celsius the ice has
started melting it is taking heat from the surroundings because the temperature
we are not no longer refrigerating it right so as and when the time goes by it is
absorbing heat so the ice is absorbing heat absorbing heat and in turn getting
converted to water or the process of melting is taking place or solid is getting
converted to liquid as we give or provide heat this is called melting this is what
is happening and all this is happening at a constant temperature which is zero
degrees celsius so the temperature is constant at zero degree celsius when the
entire ice is getting converted into water once it has got converted into water
that is once it has reached here then the temperature of the water start
increasing this is what we conclude from this data so during which so when the
ice melts at zero degree celsius during which time the heat is supplied but
temperature does not dry so the heat is supplied is used to change so basically
what i meant by absorbing heat is we are using or this heat is getting used up to
change the state from ice to water and when ice gets completely melted then at
this point the temperature starts to rise so i hope you have understood the
question and the explanation if you have any further queries please post your
comments below thank you

Q15) Describe an experiment to demonstrate that water absorbs heat during

boiling at a constant temperature.

Answer:
Solution:

Aim: Water absorbs heat during boiling at a constant temperature

Equipments required: Water, Beaker, Burner, Tripod stand, Vertical stand wire
gauze

Explanation: Take some water in the beaker. Suspend a thermometer in a beaker

in water so that the bulb of the thermometer remains in water without touching
the bottom or the sides. Supply the heat by the burner and note the
temperature at room temperature.

Maintain the record of temperature after every minute.

Temperature rises and as it reaches 100°C water starts boiling. Though heat is
being supplied, the temperature does not rise and it remains constant at 100°C
and bubbles formed are seen.

Conclusion: boiling point of water is 100°C and at boiling point heat supplied is
absorbed by water at constant temperature.

https://youtu.be/nxvaSUb8Ni8
Video transcript
Question and answer Let's see. What we are asked to do here. The question says
to try and experiment to demonstrate that water absorbs speeches during
boiling at a constant temperature. Third Base as we have the tickets, which is
required in you all seem. So this is what these things are. So this is your
laboratory thermometer. So, do you have an apology to cover water during
boiling? Above that then boiling point at the temperature did not attack. Yeah,
so I hope this experiment was understood if you have any further doubts and
smooth your power. Thank you

Q16) State (a) the melting point of ice, and (b) the boiling point of water.

Answer:
Solution:

(a) The temperature at which it starts changing from ice to water. The melting
point of ice is 0°C.

(b) The temperature at which water starts changing from water to vapours. The
boiling point of water is 100°C.

https://youtu.be/-YBssTAiRHQ
Video transcript
"hello students welcome to Lido learning question and answer videos let's have
a look at this question so we have state the melting point of ice and boiling point
of photo as you can see i have two very interesting diagrams or pictures below
so we all know this is ice or it looks like ice right and let's assume that this is
water and what is happening here we see that the ice is getting is melting to
form water here we all know this right when we keep the ice outside what
happens it melts to form water what is happening over here here the water is
getting converted into steam and what is this we have actually we are providing
heat to it and even here if the ice is inside the refrigerator will it change into
water no so here also when we take the ice out then only it changes to water so
the ice is becoming hot or we are providing heat to the ice right now let's talk
about the melting point so we know the process of melting is what the process
of melting is change of state of matter from solid to liquid on providing heat so
when the state change changes from solid to liquid when we provide heat that
is called melting what do we mean by boiling then so boiling is again the change
of state of matter from liquid to gas now do we provide heat in this case let's
see yes we have provided heat here so the liquid is changing into gas and this
process is called boiling whereas the solid changes into liquid and the process is
called melting now we have to mention what is the melting point of ice so the
temperature let's just let's just write it down so we have the temperature at
which the eyes start to get converted into water is called the melting point of
ice now we are talking about a temperature here so do you know what is the
temperature at which this happens yes so the temperature at which this whole
thing happens that is ice gets converted into water is called melting point or zero
degree celsius is the melting point of ice so this was the first term that is a now
let's have a look at b so what do we mean by boiling point of water or what is
the boiling point of water so let's just describe the boiling meaning of boiling
point first so the temperature again we are talking about a particular
temperature boiling point is a particular temperature so the temperature at
which the water starts boiling to get converted into steam is called the boiling
point of water so we know the temperature at which the water gets converted
into steam or the water starts boiling is called the boiling point of water and do
we know the temperature of it yes so the water boils at 100 degrees celsius or
this is the temperature or the boiling point of water so i hope the melting point
of ice and boiling point of water was clear from this if you have any further doubt
please post your queries in the comment section thank you"
Q17) What is evaporation?

Answer:
Solution:

The change of state of a liquid to vapour at all temperatures is called

evaporation.

https://youtu.be/Lfh30dz0o0w
Video transcript
"Question and answer video. So here we have a simple definition of but what do
you mean by evaporation? So the other thing I heard about revolutionary
system has four devices and what they are worried about how integral so
Festival celebrations a very first thing we do is involve this let's talk about is what
we mean by it. So the process of change of tapes of a liquid so the change of
state of a liquid Liquid, so guess at all temperatures is called evaporation by her
intentions default images Point here. So it's very important because this is where
is my song with tradition and a tradition also, we know that the official yet but
it happens a boiling point of a liquid, right? So go be sure that is not the main
concern because the liquid doesn't voice. So when you get your body is
inefficient having a device all the time, but they don't in a body bag we will take
about universe or stop also but State officials have asked ourselves what you're
getting what you do. On the surface on the surface energy comes around it and
they gain energy and so the kinetic energy kinetic energy. Included now when
that happens some of the molecules they just they drive on go above average
and change into yes. So obviously didn't happen because the molecules the most
divisive rhetoric to the most are on the surface of the water was so larger is your
surface area. Now it is yours is the surface area more reader Arab Nation. So this
is very different point. So it is a bigger surface area or we cover the body allow.
Your body was not recovered area then Innovations also happens basically
almost there. So this is what having about for to get excited to get some energy
and this is how the liquid is getting converted to gas. Without even the lighting
keep so it can happen. It wasn't just delighted that. It did not surface area
involved with helping the operation if you guys want people to want to thank
you."
Q18) State three factors which affect the rate of evaporation of a liquid.

Answer:
Solution:

Three factors which affect the rate of evaporation of a liquid.

(i) area of exposed surface

(ii) temperature of liquid

(iii) nature of the liquid

https://youtu.be/FB-72f1pmFo
Video transcript
Question-and-answer videos, let's have a look at this question. So it says to state
three factors which affect the rate of evaporation of a liquid that is how fast they
are brushed in painting. They have to list them treat us. Okay, let's start with the
first one the first Factor. The resulting in The rate of evaporation is the area of
the exposed surface. The area of the exposed surface knows what we mean by
this or we may say about it depends on the stove this area your time is done,
right? Okay. Let's have a look at this picture to make the film more Fearless. Can
you see picture number one and picture number two? Do you see a difference
in it in both these? Yeah, what is the difference? So what shall we see the proof
for all piled up, right? So sure the floats are piled up. Whereas the urge of slush
0 this and see be spread out the truth. They will dry faster. Thanks. It depends
on the future of the liquid temperature of the liquid or the nature of the liquid.
Thank you for watching our video

Q19) Wet clothes dry more quickly on a warm day than on a cold humid day.
Explain.

Answer:
Solution:

Clothes dry more quickly on a warm day than on a cold humid day because the
rate of evaporation is directly proportional to temperature. Higher the rate of
evaporation on the hot day compared to the cold days.

https://youtu.be/4FZSBbaIGYk
Video transcript
"Hello, students. Welcome Toledo learning question-and-answer videos. How
can you see two pictures here is what is the difference between these two
pictures? We have the same strike, but the difference is this is during the day a
nice day. And this is during the day. So this is the difference. This is during a
bright sunny day today of Bryce. Sunny day and this picture number one is
actually at the night. They or we want to say that it is similar to hot. Helmet and
old gold humid day cold. Now, let's have a look at the question. Jorma dick what
do they mean by this? Dry dry dry me some water from the web gets quickly
evaporating or does look they become right now. Why does it happen that the
red shows they dry quickly on a dry sunny day? Let's just look at this picture
quickly, please as you can see. Sunny today for clothes dry more quickly on a
warm day because now we have to think about the rate of evaporation since it
is that is if it's a sunny day and all is it's a rainy day in both the days in operation
will take place but the rate of evaporation will be more on a sunny day. What do
you mean by the rate of evaporation? That is the rate at which it is evaporating
or the rate at which the liquid water is getting converted to gas water is
converted getting converted to water vapor. Right? So this rate will be more on
a bright sunny day at compared to a rainy and cold day now, why is this so Now
it depends on the temperature right temperature is also High then the three
days, right and Sonny is also high as a result depending on the rate of
evaporation. So as the temperature is a high grade of developed in operation
will also be high on Earth sanity. On this thing. So now we have a lady or oh cool
nesting. There is no sun no sign of that sun is not there. And in fact, it's so cold
and humid with school and humid. So that's how I will use blue now. Go ahead
right happens in a cold and humidity. Now, we know that even evaporation will
happen. It doesn't mean that it has a nation stop. Is it happen can happen but
the rate of evaporation will be less or how quickly the clothes dryer that will be
less because by this will be less on a cold humid take Advise because the
temperature on a cold humid day, it's very very low, right? So as a result it
directly affects the rate at which the clothes will dry or the rate at which the
evaporation will take it as a result. The rate of evaporation will be less on the
coast humid day as compared to the rate of evaporation on a hot sunny day. I
hope this point was clear if you have any further doubt this Post your comments.
Thank you."

Q20) Water in a dish evaporates faster than in a bottle. Give reason

Answer:
Solution:

Rate of evaporation is more when the area of the exposed surface is more. As
the area exposed in a dish is more, evaporation is also more.

https://youtu.be/HcsTOgmLhK0
Video transcript
"Hello, students. Welcome to Neeta learning question and answer video. Do you
think the two pictures that I have both of these? Let's say there is no greater
than this. You just change the color. So here we have water in this bottle and we
have water we can see water in this glass or Tumblr or let's see a dish like this
which has more surface area. Let's say this dish has some water in it and let's
say this. So now let's go to the questions. So the question says water in a dish
evaporates faster France in a bottle. I'll let me say that this relates directly to the
rate of evaporation. What do we mean by the rate of evaporation? The rate of
example is how fast the liquid will get evaporated or how fast the water will get
evaporated and form water vapor right water forms water vapor. We know and
the process involves your is evaporation. So the rate of evaporation is
responsible for this phenomenon to take this so why is it so Tell me to know that
the rate of evaporation depends on what as one very important factor, which is
the area of the exposed surface. So the rate of evaporation depends on there
are many other factors, but now we will focus on the area of the exposed
surface. Now we know more is the area busier there is an application or the rate
the highest. So if we see if we have the same temperature would set up this
tumbler argument supporting arm distillation method is the dish. This is the
bottom and this is my son David. Let's say the temperature is the same for all of
you. Hello, we will see that when the water is in the dish. This will get is operated
faster or the rake surface is higher than this fun and compared to this and it can
you guess which really does make them. Yes. The tumbler will be the next one
and last to be the first solid see why the what is it happen to Luis Vega
graduation and you see the structure of the bottle here has a very narrow
opening right? So this is the area of the water. For that area office for the surface
area of the water in this pot is exposed to the outside. It's very very less right
you through that the rate of evaporation in this bottle will also be very red. So
the rate of evaporation will be very Less in the body. So as a result if we go back
to questions the what In this dish which has more exposed surface area will
evaporate faster than the what is this what I hope this was clear if you have any
further doubt C4. Thank you."
Q21) Why are volatile liquids such as alcohol and spirit stored in tightly closed
bottles?

Answer:
Solution:

Rate of evaporation depends on the nature of the liquid. The more volatile
liquids like alcohol and spirit evaporate easily, hence they are stored in tightly
closed bottles to avoid their evaporation.
https://youtu.be/Rg3qGZhEr3o
Video transcript
"hello students welcome to Lido learning's question and answer video so we
have a question here why are volatile liquids such as alcohol and spirit stored in
tightly post bottles now what can happen if they are not stored in tightly closed
bottles right okay can we see the picture here okay we see a picture of
evaporation so if you keep the spirit in an open or without closing it or even in a
glass like this or angular like this let's say this is a tumbler what happens what
happens to the alcohol or the spirit when you keep it there yes after sometimes
it just vanished or disappear how did that happen what happened there so yes
alcohol it gets evaporated alcohol faster faster than water let's say let's take
many other liquids but let's just take the example of water so alcohol or spirit it
erases faster than water so now we know that we are talking about rate of
evaporation of a liquid so what do we mean by rate of evaporation it means how
fast the liquid will get evaporated to form gas so this procedure is order rate is
the rate of evaporation so in case of volatile liquids like alcohol and spirit they
have they have a faster rate or a higher rate of evaporation of evaporation so
here this they corresponds to spirits or alcohol right now rate of evaporation
actually depends on three factors so the first one will be exhaust surface area so
if it is a if it if it is an exposed surface area then the rate will be high the older
surface area if surface area is more weight will be more second factor is
temperature so if the temperature is more then your rate will be more third
factor is the nature of the lid of the liquid so in this case we have alcohol here
so the alcohol is a volatile liquid that is the nature volatile liquids have a higher
rate of evaporation so now we have a liquid which evaporates very fast so where
should we put or keep it so if we keep it in a glass it will be more exposed right
look at the area on the top this is the exposed surface area of the glass so it
here's the rate of evaporation depends on the exposed surface area as we can
see here i've written down point number one so what will happen if we pour
alcohol in this glass the surface area is more so rate of evaporation more or it
will get evaporated quickly into gas now if we keep it in a bottle then the rate
be less so rate of evaporation of evaporation will be less now if we close it or
cook it with an airtight with an airtight cap or bottle caps right so what will
happen now not even air can go inside so the liquid inside the bottle will be not
able to evaporate or get evaporated or get converted gas because we have put
a lid an airtight lid on this bottle so obviously the rate of evaporation will slow
down in that case and hence our alcohol or spirit will remain in the bottle and
not get evaporated that is the reason why such volatile liquids like alcohol and
spirit stored in slightly closed waters because they evaporate very easily and rate
of evaporation depends on the surface area so when we close the bottle we
close the surface area as well due to that the rate of evaporation will lower down
or evaporation will not stick i hope this point was clear if you have any further
doubts please post your comments thank you "

Q22) A certain quantity of water is heated from 20°C TO 100°C. Its temperature
is recorded after 1 minutes each. The observations are

Time (in minute) Temperature (in °C)

0 20

1 30

2 40

3 50

4 60

5 70

6 80

7 90

8 100

9 100

10 100

11 100
 Time (in minute) Temperature (in °C)

12 100

What conclusion do you draw from the above table about the boiling point of
water? Explain.

Answer:
Solution:

From the above observation, we can conclude that water starts boiling at 1000C.
This mean the heat supplied is being used to change the state of water from
liquid to gas (water vapour)

https://youtu.be/vWi8u216HEI
Video transcript
"Listen to the question-and-answer video. Look at the question of water is
heated from 20 degrees Celsius 200 degrees until now it is us the temperature
is recorded after 1 minute speech. The operations are So we have the operations
here that is time limited to about 31 minutes. The temperature is getting worse
situation as well where the water here and you can keep calling although so it
must have been heated first and then slowly when the time was Zero Minister
Deputy was 20 weeks Celsius so we know that the measuring the unit of
temperature in degrees Celsius here then after one minute, they became
particularly after 2 minutes 40 minutes 54 minutes dictated. So what happened
to the temperature of the temperature is Reese's and it increases we have to
conclude or we have to say what conclusion do you draw from the above table?
So there now we know that the temperature is increasing right? Okay. Go ahead
keep on eating it. So now after sizing is a 77 intuitive enslaving and at eight
minutes of boiling the water has 300 degrees Celsius, which is also called the
boiling point of water or we can see that the water is boiling and it is in the
picture herewith the reading is hundred degrees Celsius in the power meter.
What is writing? So we may say that I think minutes the first observation run
from here is at 8 minutes the water starts to boil. That is what you will say. Okay,
now we are related, but we don't stop the pieces. Was it's not pleasing to get
somewhat akin to see or whatever or for the conversion of liquid to gas. This
heat is absorbed as a liquid and used by the liquid to get converted to gas for
The Waters at stopping the gates. That is the reason it is not coming in the
Terminator's reading. This heat is not something the reading it is positive or
negative. It's just include become the other words a nation we can say that yes
it was. The thing is water starts boiling a conservative or boiling point of water
is 1 database and the first conclusion now, then it remains a hundred messages.
So this means that he'd write is been used to change the fate of water from
liquid-to-gas water vapor, and this heat is also called Gravity Force didn't
disappear if you haven't put it out before. Thank you. "

Q23) Why is cooling produced on evaporation of a liquid?

Answer:
Solution:

Heat is required for evaporation of a liquid. This heat is taken from the
surroundings, thus cooling the surrounding.

https://youtu.be/vBeozzVr6r0
Q24) Explain with an example to demonstrate that when a liquid evaporates,
it takes heat from its surroundings.

Answer:
Solution:

If you pour spirit on cotton and wrap it around the bulb of a thermometer, the
reading of the thermometer falls. This shows that cooling is produced when a
liquid evaporates taking heat from the surroundings.

https://youtu.be/N7HZREsyJmY
Video transcript
"hello students welcome to lido learning's question and answer video let's have
a look at this question so the question says that to explain with an example to
demonstrate when a liquid evaporates it takes heat from surrounding so before
going to the example let's try to understand the phenomena involved here so
we are talking about evaporation right so liquid getting converted into gas and
in the process liquid absorbs heat absorbs heat and the process is called
evaporation so the liquid is absorbing heat from the surroundings let's say
absorbs heat from surrounding gets converted into gas and the process is called
evaporation this is what we mean by evaporation now again before going to the
exact example let's have a look at our boy here named ram as we can see ram is
actually sweating a lot and that's why he looks so sad now if it is a hot and sunny
day let's say it's a hot sunny and windy day so on a hot sunny windy day when
we sweat we sweat because the temperature is more so we are sweating right
when we sweat our body covered with sweat right our sweat is what it's a liquid
so there are sweat as you can see sweat on his hand right so yes now when this
sweat dries up what happens then the sweat is actually evaporating right so the
sweat is evaporating and we all know that when a fit gets converted to gas so
the sweat will evaporate in form gas and disappear from our body but once
happens we feel a bit easy or at ease right why does that happen why do we feel
comfortable when the sweat is evaporated have you ever thought because our
body has cooled down body cools down when sweat when the sweat evaps our
body cools down what do you mean this so we know that whenever a liquid in
this case sweat it absorbs heat from surroundings the sweat will absorb from
there what is the surrounding of the sweat it's our body right so sweat absorbs
the heat from a little bit of heat from our body undergoes evaporation and gets
converted into gas as a result when it takes away some heat from our body what
will happen to our body then it will lose the heat right and as a result body will
become cooler so we say that sweat is taking away heat from the surroundings
now let's look at another example which will definitely prove that this happened
so let's take some cotton now if we pour some spirit on it spit it on it and we
wrap around wrap the cotton wool around a thermometer do you know what
will happen then what will happen we know that spirit is a volatile liquid what
happens to volatile liquids evaporate very fast or rate of evaporation is very fast
right so they evaporate at very high rate so evaporation will almost immediately
take place and the whole spirit will get quickly evaporated what happened to
the reading of the thermometer in this case we see that the reading has come
down so when the reading comes down what does it mean that the spirit has
absorbed the heat from the cotton and undergone evaporation as a result the
temperature of them has come down and as due to it the reading has come
down so if you do this experiment at home you will obviously see that the
reading of the temperature or the thermometer held down which proves that
the spirit while evaporating had taken away the heat now in this case it had
taken a little heat from surrounding so the surroundings was the cotton bowl so
it had taken away from the cotton and evaporated and the reading came down
so i think this point was clear if you have any further doubts please post your
comments thanks you"
Q25) Give two applications of evaporation.

Answer:
Solution:
Two applications of evaporation:

(i) Extraction of salt from seawater.

(ii) Drying of wet clothes.

https://youtu.be/wDFAyZDsg2I
Video transcript
"Hello students, welcome to little earnings question and answer video. So here
we have been asked to give two examples or two applications of evaporation.
So let's just start with what we mean by evaporation in agree. Right so quickly
in operation means change of state from liquid to gas at all temperatures. That
is the temperature doesn't change but the liquid it absorbs heat from
surrounding get converted to front yard, and this process is called evaporation.
It's important thing which we have to sort of made me in the point. Number one
or number two, very important thing which we have to remember is about this
rate of evaporation that is how fast it will change the gas. That's great. So we're
talking about rate of evaporation and we should know that the rate of
evaporation depends on three factors first one is temperature with identity of
the ceramic is high or if the rotation is it for example, if it's a bright sunny day as
in this case, look your brain of yours to take a bright sunny. Let's see if it's a
bright sunny day then the rate. Opted operation will be higher second Point
exposed surface area. What do we mean by this? So more is the surface area of
the liquid more will be the rate of innovation of a stability evaporation as you
can see look at the clothes you why do we spread the clothes? Why do we
spread the clothes for that the dryer? Why do we spread? This is our mother.
They always tell us to set the nodes and to keep some distance between the toes
while we do that. So if we spread the clothes then we increase the surface area.
You're increasing the surface area of the flow. Load the very close now. There
are water droplets on these notes if it's a bright sunny day and preferably if it's
a windy day with all of these water droplets will quickly evaporate and our
clothes will become dry and ready to wear. Right? So one of the applications of
evaporation can be set us drive uploaded drying clothes. So this will be our first
application. Can you guess what this second picture is about What is it? Yes, we
are talking about see we all talk about sea salt right? What do you mean by sea
salt? It means that salt is dissolved in water. Right? We know that sea water is
salty. Right? So we have salt dissolved in water or it's a mixture of salt and water.
So the water in Fiji called the water of sea water sea water. It is nothing but a
mixture of salt and water now if we have to separate the salt or let's say if we
have to extract the sauce from This water. What do we do? This is the evaporate
the water go for extraction of salt. So let me just write down over here. So the
second application of evaluation which is done on a very big case because
without that you have is this alright so extraction of salt from sea water is again
an application of evaporation. So there's a mixture of salt and water the water
evaporates and salt is Left Behind as you can see the water has all evaporated
very less water with it. And these are the big chunks of salt which is left out so
we can just expect this. Salt from sea water. So from here we have derived or
we have need two applications. So first one is extraction of salt from sea water.
So the first one is expression of salt from sea water, and the second one is drying
our clothes. We are the two applications of evaporation. I hope this point was
clear if you have any further doubt if what your comments below. Thank you."
Q26) Explain why on hot summer days water remains cool in earthen pots.

Answer:
Solution:

The water kept in an earthen pot seeps into the small pores in the pot and
evaporates from the surface of the pot. The heat required for evaporation is
taken from water inside the pot, thus cooling the water stored inside. This is the
reason why on hot summer days water remains cool in earthen pot.

https://youtu.be/Oy2xggJC6GU
Video transcript
" You see in which the following cases the bulb will glow come on Shepherd
three statements here. Only one terminal of the cell is joined with a metal E5
the amount another powerful one terminal is join phase one to mention. It not
cleared out for the fashion be going to be wrong. Okay, I'm going to say
considering both the terminals on the pump is one two metal wires. To the one-
ton Rock itself is it pulse here? It is also known it will be kind of the both in terms
of the same. This would be that it like this it like this - presented to tell me she
is joined to The Wonder of the another terminal facilities chocolate is absolutely
I want to love yourself. And it's going to float and and the pump is going to be
closed. I hope you understand this video subscribe this channel for regular
updates and transmit video"

Q27) A patient suffering from high fever is advised to put wet cloth strips on
his forehead. Why?

Answer:
Solution:

Water from the wet strips evaporates taking latent heat required for
evaporation from the forehead. The temperature of the forehead falls and the
patient feels relieved.

https://youtu.be/Y18TohV1VBY
Video transcript
"hello students welcome to lido learning's question and answer videos so our
friend becky over here is very ill she's having high fever so becky has high fever
so what what do we do what do we do so that she gets some relief what do we
do yes so we always place a wet cloth let's say this is a wet cloth so we will place
a wet cloth on her forehead so we placed a wet cloth on her forehead so that
she gets some relief from her from the high temperature right or from the fever
okay now now that we have done that let's go to the question so the question
says a patient in this case becky our friend suffering from high fever is advised
to put wet cloth strips on his or her forehead why so now we all know about
evaporation right so something about evaporation is the answer to this question
so what do we mean by evaporation evaporation means the process by which a
liquid gets converted into gas by absorbing heat from surrounding so
evaporation is the process by which a liquid gets converted into gas by absorbing
heat from the surrounding this is called evaporation now when we look at becky
over here she has high fever so her forehead is very hot right when we place a
wet cloth on the forehead what happens the water the wet cloth has tiny water
droplets in it right wet cloth has tiny droplets of water so now we have placed
the wet cloth on her forehead the water droplets quickly absorb the heat from
her forehead from her forehead and when they absorb the heat what will
happen the molecules in the water will get very much excited or the kinetic
energy will increase and they get evaporated and evaporate to form gas now
the water from the wet cloth is evaporated it has taken away the heat from her
forehead and as a result when the heat from her forehead is taken away by the
water so the temperature of her forehead temperature of her forehead comes
down so the temperature of her forehead decreases as a result she will feel a
bit more better or a little better because the temperature of her forehead has
decreased now once we place a wet cloth on her forehead i hope all of you
understood this and i hope becky recovers pretty soon till then bye"

Q28) What do you mean by sublimation? Explain with an example

Answer:
Solution:

Sublimation is the process by which a substance changes from solid state directly
to vapour state.

Example : dry ice, naphthalene balls etc

https://youtu.be/zjdO5JUKnOw
Video transcript
"Hello students, welcome to leader learning question and answer video. So this
is a very simple question about what do we mean by sublimation and have to
explain with an example. Do you see a picture of a he'll get us a solid to gas and
drop tested is sublimation. What will be inside in the spoon here? What do you
see? What is this gift idea? So yeah, this is an example of sublimation. Let's first
discuss the example and then we will go to the definition. So this is a dry eye.
This is an example of dry eye when you taste it like this. You can see actually
because coming out so dry I set it to see what state of matter is. This is this is
solid right? And what do we see here? There are vapors. Coming out. So the dry
eye has got converted to gaseous state of matter. So solid to gas the conversion
has taken place. This is an example of sublimation. So let's now write down the
definition of sublimation for sublimation. So sublimation is a process by which
the solid state of matter gets converted into gaseous State directly. For example
campus Wireless like naphthalene balls banished from the al-mi'raj when we
keep those under the clothes or anywhere those after few days or few months
it is Years because of this sublimation. So thank you guys for watching the video.
We will meet in the next video. Please stay tuned tuned to our Channel And
subscribe to our video store for the regular updates."
Q29) Why does the size of naphthalene balls decrease when left open?

Answer:
Solution:

Size of naphthalene balls decrease when left open because of sublimation.

https://youtu.be/BIxVEbYrzK0
Video transcript
hello students welcome to Lido learning question and answer videos so all of
you must have seen naphthalene balls aren't it your mothers they put the
naphthalene balls in the to protect your clothes to protect clothes from
cockroaches and other insects right have you okay let's go to the the question
now so the question says why does the size of the natural involved decrease
when left open have you ever observed the naphthalene balls once you keep it
and observed after a few days what happens to the size of the naphthalene yes
they keep on decreasing keep on decreasing keep on decreasing finally, they
vanish or you cannot see them anymore why does this happen no nothing is
magical it's pure science here so the process which the naphthalene walls
undergo is called sublimation so the naphthalene balls let's just say what is the
state of matter of these naphthalene walls it is naphthalene walls it is solid so
sublimation is a process by which the solid-state of matter or the solid gets
converted directly into what do you see any liquid there no so directly into a gas
so the solid they have vanished means they have become gas or we cannot see
that anymore so the sublimation is the process by which solid gets converted
directly into a gas so the naphthalene balls they undergo sublimation slowly so
naphthalene balls undergo sublimation slowly as a result slowly they are getting
converted into gas so their size decreases keep on decreasing and ultimately the
entire nasal involved will get converted into gas as you can see in the picture
here i had two naphthalene balls first but then I was only left with one because
the other one just vanished or underwent sublimation or changed into gas so I
hope this point was clear that why the size decreases of synapses involves
because they undergo sublimation or get converted togas directly if you have
any further doubts, please post your comments below thank you
Q30) Describe an experiment to demonstrate the process of sublimation.

Answer:
Solution:

Aim: process of sublimation

Things required: Cotton, Solid ammonium chloride, Inverted funnel, China dish,
Burner, Tripod stand

Procedure: Take some ammonium chloride powder on a china dish. Take an

inverted funnel and put a cotton plug on the end of the funnel so that vapours
do not escape. Set up the apparatus as shown. Heat the dish with a burner. Solid
ammonium chloride changes into vapours. Which when come in contact with
walls of funnel gets cold and changes to solid and gets deposited there.

https://youtu.be/yR0tdSbI-HE
Video transcript
"Hello, welcome to lido question and answer video security question. We have
enough to describe an experiment to demonstrate the process of sublimation.
So no do this. There are few things which is required. So our aim is to
demonstrate the Precision of sublimation. But before that, let's just quickly
discuss what we mean by sublimation. So sublimation is a process by which The
solid directly gets converted into gas. This is the process where solid goes
Underwood. Conversions and it converts into Guy. This is something a magician.
Now, how do we do this? So these are the characters. This is the entire District
wide so he will take ammonium chloride. This is the first Very important thing
required for the experiment. We need a China Dish you can see in the How does
a China Dish look like we will take a funnel and we will invert it on top of the
China Dish. We will put the ammonium chloride in the funnel and Ray will invert
it. We will put the ammonium chloride in the China Dish and we will invert the
funnel over it. We have a wire gate over here at iPods. And and there is a burner
over here as you can see some colors to this so that it looks a bit more
interesting. So we have burner so heat is coming out of it. Let's just make it.
Hello. So here's another feature is now coming. So this ammonium chloride
mixture and we have a cotton flannel. We have kept a constant Love On Top of
the inverted funnel so that it doesn't hit on because we know What does
sublimation sublimation is a process by which a solid converted into gas? That's
all it is getting converted into gaseous phase case, right that is how we have used
a cotton plug here. So another requirement of this particular experiment is
constant plus button club and we have a burner and tripods that as well. So
burner tripod stand ammonium chloride funnel China Dish and average. Okay,
what do you even do with me giving heat to this ammonium chloride undergo
sublimation. It may get converted into gas when this happens is the color is
inverted since the gas cannot Escape because of the constant flood so because
it gets deposited on the side and distances back where it is getting deposited is
called it. So the ammonium chloride which was the nose knows it was solid. How
did it reach here so basically it underwent sublimation somewhere over here. It
got converted into gas. But since it could not Escape out because of the Cotton
Club. It's got deposited that surface is called a position and I can scrape out the
ammonium chloride some this fun. So this is how we have demonstrated the
process of sublimation through this experiment. So the main important part of
this experiment is that you can see the ammonium chloride body. How did it
reach it? What are the solid first underwear and sublimation really gave me to
it converted into gas and then since it cannot it could not Escape out. Let me
write that down. It could not Escape so it could not Escape come here. That's
why it got or under when the position with the gas. Gets converted to solid so
the gas was converted to solid on the position. And this is how we have shown
how sublimation takes. Hey, so that's all for today. If you have any further doubt
he put your . Thank you. "