International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 7, July-2015 72

ISSN 2229-5518

Power Quality Improvement using Unified Power

Quality Conditioner with Distributed Generation
Anagha R. Tembhurne1 S.S.Dhamse2
1
M.E. Student, Electrical Engineering Department, Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad, India.
2
Faculty, Electrical Engineering Department, Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad, India.

Abstract— Recently power quality has become more important issue. Now a day’s power electronics based appliances are widely used in
industries and in distribution system which creates more power quality problems. The power electronics based power conditioning devices
can be an effective solution to improve power quality in power system. Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) is one of the custom
power devices which are used to solve voltage and current related problems simultaneously. In this paper, combined operation of UPQC
with Distributed Generation (DG) is discussed. This system integrated with wind energy is able to compensate voltage sag/swell, load
current disturbances. Also proposed system is able to compensate voltage interruption and active power transfer to load and source in both
interconnected and islanding mode and help to improve power quality. The operation of UPQC with DG has been evaluated through
simulation studies using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

Index Terms— Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS), Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), Distributed Generation (DG), Point of
Common Coupling (PCC), Voltage Source Inverter (VSI), Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM), Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR),
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).

1 INTRODUCTION

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I N electrical power system power electronics devices plays
an important role. In distribution system it has three aspect
first one is that introduces valuable industrial and domestic
tribution Generation (DG) play very important role in power
system and help to solve many problems that ac conventional
power system has. There are several DGs such as PV system,
equipments, second one is that creates problems, third one is fuel cell, wind turbine. Wind power has become fastest grow-
that help to solve problems. Now a day’s modern semiconduc- ing energy source among various renewable energy source. In
tor switching devices such as controlled rectifiers, Uninter- this paper deals with combined operation of UPQC with wind
ruptible Power Supplies (UPS), arc furnaces etc. are widely energy and output of DG system is connected to DC bus of
used particularly in domestic and industrial loads. UPQC. The UPQC with DG help to compensate Voltage and
These non linear loads create power quality problems such current power quality problems and have give additional ben-
as voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage interruption, voltage efit by providing the power to load whenever voltage inter-
flickers, voltage spikes, harmonics etc. Such poor power quali- ruption occur with source side [1].
ty causes increase in power losses and other remarkable ab- This paper discussed combined operation of UPQC with
normalities in distribution sides. Thus, it is very important to DG and this system is integrated with wind energy. The pro-
maintain a high standard of power quality. Earlier passive posed system is able to compensate voltage sag/swell, load
filters were used to solve power quality problems. However current disturbances. In addition to this it is able to compen-
because of some limitations of passive filters, now a day’s cus- sate voltage interruption and active power transfer to load and
tom power devices are used to solve power quality problems source in both interconnected and islanding mode and help to
in distribution side. improve power quality. The operation of UPQC with DG has
The compensating custom power devices are used for ac- been evaluated through simulation studies using
tive filtering, load balancing, power factor improvement and MATLAB/SIMULINK software [2].
voltage regulating (sag/swell).There are three types of custom
power devices: Distribution Static Compensator (DSTAT- 2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
COM), Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) and Unified Power
Quality Conditioner (UPQC). UPQC has two voltage-source inverters which are connected
Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) is one of the back to back by common DC bus. A series inverter is connect-
custom power devices, which can solve voltage and current ed through transformer between source and PCC and a shunt
related problem simultaneously. This is connected before load inverter is connected across load. Series inverter is responsible
to make load voltage distortion free and at the same time reac- for mitigation of supply side disturbances such as voltage
tive current drawn from source should be compensated in sag/swell, flickers, voltage unbalance. It inserts voltage so as
such a way that the currents at source side would be in phase to maintain the load voltage at desire level, balanced and dis-
with supply voltage. tortion free. The shunt inverter is responsible for mitigating
The interest in Distributed Generation (DG) has been in- the current related problems caused by consumers such as
creased rapidly. The world wide concern about environmental poor power factor, load harmonic currents, load unbalance etc.
pollution and the energy shortage has led to the increasing It injects current in system in such a way that source current
interest in generation of renewable electrical energy. As Dis- become balanced, sinusoids and in phase with the supply
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 7, July-2015 73
ISSN 2229-5518
voltage. The general block diagram of UPQC is shown in fig- In this paper, the system under consideration is as shown in
ure 1. figure 2. It consists of three phase four wire UPQC with wind
energy source as DG and its output is connected to DC bus of
UPQC. The system neutral is connected to the negative termi-
nal of DC link voltage to avoid the requirement of fourth leg
in Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) of shunt active filter
[3],[4].This system has two modes of operation - intercon-
nected mode in which DG provide power to source and load
and islanding mode in which DG provide power to load
within its power rating.
The proposed system also consists of two DC storage device
but each leg of VSI can be controlled independently. vsa,vsb , vsc
are three phase source voltages vta , vtb, vtc are the terminal
voltages and voltages injected by series active filters vinja,vinjb ,
and vinjcof phase a, b and c respectively. The three phase
source currents are isa , isb, , isc .The load currents are ila , ilb , ilc
and current injected by shunt active filter are i fa , i fb , i fc.The
fig1. General block diagram of UPQC
feeder resistance and inductance are R s and L s and respec-
tively. The interfacing inductance and resistance of shunt ac-
tive filter are L f and R f respectively. The interfacing induct-
ance and capacitance of series active filter L se are C se and re-
spectively. The total DC link voltage is vdcbus (vdc1 + vdc2 ) = 2vdc
and I n is the neutral current.

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fig2. Proposed system

3 CONTROLLER DESIGN
Ua = sin(ωt)
3.1 Extraction of Unit Vector Template U b = sin(ωt −120)
Input voltage source contains fundamental and other distorted
component at PCC. The UPQC should separate out fundamen- U
c = sin(ωt − 240)
tal positive sequence components from other components. The
unit vector template can be obtained by multiplying input 3.2 Generation of Reference Compensator Currents
voltage with gain which is equal to 1/V m , where V m is nothing The terminal voltage becomes unbalanced and distorted
but the peak amplitude of fundamental input voltage. For whenever unbalanced and distorted load current flowing
synchronization of signals these unit vector templates are through the feeder impedance. The series active filters makes
passed through a Phase Lock Loop (PLL) system and finally the voltages at PCC balanced and sinusoidal but it still con-
we get the unit vector templates for different phases [5]. tains switching frequency components and they contain some
distortions. If this terminal voltage used for generating shunt
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 7, July-2015 74
ISSN 2229-5518
filter current reference then it results in erroneous compensa-
tion. Thus, fundamental positive sequence voltages v+ la1 (t),
v+ lb1 (t), and v+ lc1 (t) are extracted from PCC and used to gen-
erate reference current for shunt active filter. The equation for
reference compensator current is given in equation (1). In this
equation P lavg is average load power and is obtained using a
moving average filter of one cycle window of time T in se-
conds. P loss denotes the switching losses and ohmic losses and
generated using a capacitor voltage PI controller. The term
ϕ phase angle between the source voltage and current
is desired
and for unity power factor, 𝛾 is set to zero [3], [4], [6].
+ + +
* =i − vla1 +γ (vlb1 − vlc1) (P
i*fa =ila −isa la lavg + Ploss )
∆+1
+ + +
* =i − vlb1 +γ (vlc1 −vla1) (P
i*fb =ilb −isb lb lavg + Ploss ) (b)
∆+1 fig3. UPQC control part (a) series inverter control (b) shunt
+ + +
* =i − vlc1 +γ (vla1 −vlb1) (P
inverter control
i*fc =ilc −isc lc lavg + Ploss )
∆+1
(1)
4 WIND ENERGY GENERATING SYSTEM
In this system, the wind generation is based on constant speed
+ 2
Where, ∆= ∑ (v lj1 ) γ = tan(ϕ ) / 3 topology with pitch control turbine and induction generator is

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j = a, b, c used in this system because of its simplicity as it does not re-
This gives balanced source currents after compensation. The quire a separate field circuit and diode bridge rectifier is used
reference voltage for series inverter is to convert power generated by induction generator into dc
* = v* − v
vinji power. The output power of the turbine is given by the follow-
li ti
ing equation [8].
i = a, b, c
vli* =desired load voltage and vinji
* = reference series active fil- Pm = C p (λ, β ) ρA (V wind )3
where, 2
ter voltage. The reference and actual quantities are given to
the hysteresis current controller in order to get switching
command for VSI switches. Whenever error limit exceeds a Pm Mechanical output power of the turbine (W)
specified tolerance band ±ℎ then switching command is given
CP Performance coefficient of the turbine
to VSI switches [7]. The Control block diagram of UPQC is as
shown in figure 3. ρ Air density (kg/m3)
A Turbine swept area (m2)
V wind Wind speed (m/s)
λ Tip speed ratio of the rotor blade tip speed to
wind speed
β Blade pitch angle (deg)

5 MATLAB/SIMULINK MODEL
The power circuit is modeled as a three phase four wire system
(a) with a nonlinear load that is composed of a three phase diode
bridge rectifier with RL load as shown in figure 4.

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 7, July-2015 75
ISSN 2229-5518

Discrete,
Ts = 5e-005 s

powergui

Subsystem
measurements

Aa

1
sag Aa
1

Bb

1
s

sag1
Bb 2

Cc

aA

bB
Cc

cC
s

sag2 3

2
Lf Lf1 Lf2

S1a
S3a S5a
S1 S3 S5

g
C

C
aA

bB

Rf1 Rf2
cC

Rf

g
C

C
+
Vdc1 v
-

E
Lse3

E
Goto

E
WInd
Lse2

+v e
Lse1

-v e

+ S2 S4 S6
Cse2 S2a S4a S6a Vdc2 v
-
Inuetral
Cse3 Cse1
Goto1 Goto2

g
C

C
g

g
C

C
in

E
E

E i +
-

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fig4. MATLAB/SIMULINK model of system

6 SIMULATION RESULTS
In this paper, three phase four wire 230V (line-neutral) 50Hz er current and load current respectively. When a non-linear
system is considered. There are two operation modes in the load injects harmonic current then it can be compensated us-
proposed system. One is called the interconnected mode, in ing shunt inverter current of UPQC to make source current
which the DG provides power to the source and the load. The sinusoidal.
other is called the islanding mode, in which the DG provides Fig.6 shows the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of
power to the load only within its power rating. The operation load current and source current. As shown in FFT analysis, the
of proposed system was verified through Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of supply current is 0.69%
MATLAB/SIMULINK software. and that of load current is 28%.
Fig.5 shows the waveforms of source current, shunt invert-

fig5. Current harmonic compensation (a) Source current (b) Shunt inverter current (c) Load current

(a) (b)
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 7, July-2015 76
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fig6. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of (a) Load current (b) Source current

Fig. 7 represents waveforms of source voltage, series in- Fig. 8 shows active power variation of load, shunt inverter,
verter voltage and load voltage. When unbalanced voltage sag source and series inverter. During sag interval (from 0.2s to
(phase A has 10% of swell and phase B and C has 30% of sag) 0.6s) active power of source is reduced from 10 kW to 8kW
occurs in system from 0.2s to 0.6s then series inverter inject then series inverter provides 2kW active power to cover this
voltage to maintain load voltage at constant level. voltage sag.

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fig7. Voltage sag compensation (unbalanced voltage sag) (a) Source voltage (b) Series inverter voltage (c) Load voltage

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 7, July-2015 77
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fig8. Active power of (a) Load (b) Shunt inverter (c) Source (d) Series inverter

Fig.9 shows waveforms of source voltage, shunt inverter In forward flow mode, shunt inverter with DG supplies
voltage and load voltage. When voltage interruption occurs power to the load in parallel with the main source. During
from 0.2s to 0.6s then during that interval shunt inverter inject normal operation, source and shunt inverter provides 10kW
voltage to maintain load voltage constant. power to load respectively. But when voltage interruption

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Fig.10 shows the active power of load, shunt inverter, occurs (from 0.2s to 0.6s) active power of source becomes ze-
source and series inverter. ro and during this interval only shunt inverter provides
20kW active power to load.

fig9. Voltage interruption (forward flow mode) (a) Source voltage (b) shunt inverter voltage (c) load voltage

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 7, July-2015 78
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fig10. Active power of (a) load (b) shunt inverter (c) source (d) series inverter

Fig.11 represents source voltage, series inverter voltage, terval series inverter inject voltage to cover this voltage sag
load voltage waveforms. The balanced voltage sag occur (all and to maintain load voltage constant.
phases has 30% of sag) from 0.2s to 0.6s. During this time in-

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fig11. Balanced voltage sag compensation. (a) Source voltage (b) Series inverter voltage (c) Load voltage

Fig. 12 shows source voltage, shunt inverter voltage, and In reverse-flow mode, the shunt inverter with DG supplies
load voltage waveforms. When voltage interruption occurs power to the load and the main source. In normal operation,
from 0.2s to 0.6s then during that interval shunt inverter inject the shunt inverter provides 10-kW power to the load and the
voltage to maintain load voltage constant. Fig.13 shows active source, respectively. But during the voltage interruption, only
power variation of shunt inverter, load, series inverter and the shunt inverter provides 10-kW power to the load.
source, respectively.
.

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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 7, July-2015 79
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fig12. Voltage interruption (reverse flow mode) (a) Source voltage (b) Shunt inverter voltage (c) Load voltage

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fig13. Variation of active power of (a) Shunt inverter (b) Load (c) Series inverter (d) Source

7 CONCLUSION
In this paper, the combined operation of UPQC with DG is [2] B. Han, Senior Member, Ieee, B. Bae, H. Kim, And S. Baek,” Combined
explained. The proposed system is composed of series and Operation Of Unified Power-Quality Conditioner With Distributed Gen-
eration”, IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery, Vol. 21, No. 1, January
shunt inverter, wind energy system connected to the DC link
2006.
through rectifier. The proposed system is able to compensate
voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage interruption and current [3] Srinivas Bhaskar Karanki, Nagesh Geddada, Student Member, IEEE,
harmonics in interconnected and islanding mode. Mahesh K. Mishra, Senior Member, IEEE,B. Kalyan Kumar, Member,
IEEE,’’ A Modified Three-Phase Four Wire UPQC Topology with Reduced
Hence, the proposed system improves power quality at the DC-Link Voltage Rating’’ 2011 IEEE.
point of installation on power distribution system or industrial
power systems. The operation of UPQC with DG has been [4] P. Divya Swathi,K. Vijay Kumar,” A New Reduced Type Three Phase
evaluated through simulation studies using Four Wire UPQC Topology for PQ features using VPI” IJIFR volume 2
issue 5 January 2015.
MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
[5] Kuldeep Kumar Singh, J. K Dwivedi,” Performance Study of Unified
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