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LESSON N° 16
REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

Los verbos en inglés se dividen en regulares e irregulares. Los verbos

regulares son aquellos que para formar su tiempo pasado y participio solo
necesitan añadir la terminación “ed”. En cambio, los verbos irregulares tienen
diferentes formas para el pasado y participio de cada verbo.

Regular verbs

En inglés se llaman verbos regulares a aquellos que forman el pasado agregando el

sufijo ‘ed’ o ‘d’ a la raíz del verbo. A continuación, te mostramos, algunos de
ellos.

Infinitive Simple past Spanish Infinitive Simple past Spanish

Ask Asked Preguntar Like Liked Gustar
Answer Answered Responder Look Looked Mirar
Arrive Arrived Llegar Miss Missed Extrañar
Brush Brushed Cepillar Marry Married Casar (Se)
Believe Believed Creer Open Opened Abrir
Close Closed Cerrar Play Played Jugar
Cook Cooked Cocinar Prefer Prefered Preferir
Call Called Llamar Promise Promised Prometer
Change Changed Cambiar Repeat Repeated Repetir
Charge Charged Cargar Rain Rained Llover
Clean Cleaned Limpiar Remember Remembered Recordar
Cry Cried Llorar Smile Smiled Sonreir
Finish Finished Terminar Study Studied Estudiar
Follow Followed Seguir Smoke Smoked Fumar
Dance Danced Bailar Stop Stopped Detener
Ask Asked Preguntar Like Liked Gustar
Answer Answered Responder Look Looked Mirar
Arrive Arrived Llegar Miss Missed Extrañar
Brush Brushed Cepillar Marry Married Casar (Se)
Believe Believed Creer Open Opened Abrir
Close Closed Cerrar Play Played Jugar
Cook Cooked Cocinar Prefer Prefered Preferir
Call Called Llamar Promise Promised Prometer
Change Changed Cambiar Repeat Repeated Repetir
Charge Charged Cargar Rain Rained Llover

Irregular verbs

Los verbos irregulares cambian de forma y sonido al ser conjugados sin seguir un
patrón típico. Estos son algunos de ellos:

Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Spanish

be was / were been ser
beat beat beaten golpear
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Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Spanish

become became become convertirse
begin began begun comenzar
bet bet/betted bet/betted apostar
bite bit bitten morder
bleed bled bled sangrar
blow blew blown soplar
break broke broken romper
bring brought brought traer
build built built construir
buy bought bought comprar
catch caught caught atrapar
choose chose chosen elegir
come came come venir
cost cost cost costar
cut cut cut cortar
do did done hacer
draw drew drawn dibujar
dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed soñar
drink drank drunk beber
drive drove driven conducir
eat ate eaten comer
fall fell fallen caer
feed fed fed alimentar
feel felt felt sentir
find found found encontrar
flee fled fled huir
fly flew flown volar
forget forgot forgotten olvidar
forgive forgave forgiven perdonar
forsake forsook forsaken abandonar
freeze froze frozen congelar
get got got conseguir, obtener
give gave given dar
go went gone ir
grow grew grown crecer
hang hung hung colgar
have had had tener
hear heard heard oír
hit hit hit golpear
keep kept kept guardar
kneel knelt knelt arrodillarse
know knew known saber
lead led led encabezar
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned aprender
leave left left dejar
lend lent lent prestar
let let let dejar

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Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Spanish

lose lost lost perder
make made made hacer
mean meant meant significar
meet met met conocer, encontrar
pay paid paid pagar
put put put poner
quit quit/quitted quit/quitted abandonar
read read read leer
ring rang rung llamar por teléf.
run ran run correr
say said said decir
see saw seen ver
sell sold sold vender
send sent sent enviar
set set set Fijar
sew sewed sewn/sewed coser
shine shone shone brillar
shoot shot shot disparar
show showed shown/showed mostrar
shrink shrank/shrunk shrunk encoger
shut shut shut cerrar
sing sang sung cantar
sit sat sat sentarse
sleep slept slept dormir
speak spoke spoken hablar
spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled deletrear
spend spent spent gastar
split split split partir
stand stood stood estar de pie
steal stole stolen robar
sting stung stung picar
sweep swept swept barrer
swim swam swum nadar
take took taken tomar
teach taught taught enseñar
tear tore torn romper
tell told told decir
think thought thought pensar
throw threw thrown lanzar
tread trode trodden/trod pisar
understand understood understood entender
wake woke woken despertarse
weave wove woven tejer
weep wept wept llorar
win won won ganar
write wrote written escribir

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¡Algunos criterios para agrupar los verbos irregulares en inglés!

Si bien los verbos irregulares en su totalidad no siguen un mismo patrón de

conjugación, existe ciertos grupos que lo hacen. Es decir, podemos clasificar los
verbos irregulares por tipo o por grupos con similitudes.

1. Comencemos con los más sencillos. Verbos cuyo infinitivo, participativo y

pasado son iguales. Ejemplos:
Infinitivo Pasado Simple Participio Traducción
Hit Hit Hit Golpear
Cut Cut Cut Cortar
Put Put Put Poner
Read Read Read Leer

2. Verbos que terminan con “D” y se conjugan al pasado simple y participio

terminando intercambiando la “d” por la “t”. Ejemplos:
Infinitivo Pasado Simple Participio Traducción
Send Sent Sent Enviar
Build Built Built Construir

3. Verbos que se conjugan con la “regla” de I-A-U. Estos son verbos que al
cambiar estas vocales se logra su conjugación al pasado o pasado participio.
Ejemplos:
Infinitivo Pasado Simple Participio Traducción
Ring Rang Rung Timbrar
Sing Sang Sung Cantar
Drink Drank Drunk Beber

VOCABULARY

Veremos unos verbos comunes que podemos usar al hablar de la rutina diaria.
Cosas que hace una persona “normal” en su día a día.

To Wake up – despertarse To watch – mirar

To Brush - Cepillar To read - leer
To have - hacer / tener To play – jugar, tocar
To reste – descansar To jump – saltar
To finish – terminar To clean – limpiar
To go - ir To sweep – barrer
To Cook – cocinar To throw - botar
To start - empezar To leave - salir
To catch - coger, atrapar To shave - afeitarse
To get up - levantarse To have breakfast - desayunar
To walk - caminar To lunch - almorzar
To be - ser o estar To run - correr
Pick up - recoger To go up - subir
To trot - trotar To go down – bajar
To wash – lavar To diner - cenar

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CONECTORES

Los conectores en inglés son palabras o frases con los que se pueden relacionar
dos o más ideas. Existe una gran diversidad de conectores gracias a que existen
muchas formas de relacionarlas, es decir, se pueden unir oraciones para
complementarse, contradecirse, plantear una causa o una conclusión, entre otras
funciones que se explican más adelante
Cuando hablamos, por ejemplo, de nuestras rutinas diarias en inglés, es
importante usar conectores de tiempo para secuenciar las diferentes acciones.
Estos son los más habituales:

 First, second, third… primero, segundo, tercero

 Next. siguiente
 Last. Último/a
 Meanwhile. entretanto
 Finally. finalmente
 Just. Sólo
 Usually normalmente
 Immediately. inmediatamente
 Then después, luego
 Afterwards después, más tarde
 Anyway de todos modos, formas
 Also además, también
 In other words en otras palabras
 Actually realmente, en realidad
 Later luego
 Only solamente
 About acerca de, alrededor de
 Sometimes algunas veces

Practice

My daily routine

Hi! I am Carmen, I usually get up early, at about 4:00 a.m. Sometimes, I play
soccer in the mornings. Afterwards I always take a quick shower. Then I cook and
have breakfast with my brother Peter. I go to work by bus because I sold my car
last week. I start work at 8:00 a.m. and finish at 5:00 p.m. Then I go home and
watch TV for an hour or two with my sister Mary. I spend time on Facebook before
going to bed. I go to bed before 10:30 p.m. because I need to rest well to be
energetic the next day. 

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LESSON N° 17

SIMPLE PRESENT

El Presente Simple es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para describir

acciones habituales que suceden con cierta frecuencia y no hace referencia
exclusivamente a lo que está ocurriendo en el momento actual.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES:

Para la forma afirmativa en el presente simple tenemos la estructura siguiente:

SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT

Examples:

• I talk with you. Yo hablo contigo

• He eats apples. Él come manzanas
• They learn English. Ellos aprenden inglés
• She lives in Cusco. Ella vive en Cusco
• I work as a secretary. Yo trabajo como secretaria
• He finishes his job. Él termina su trabajo
• She goes to the cinema on Saturdays. Ella va al cine los sábados
• He watches his favorite TV program at night. Él ve su programa de
televisión favorito por la noche.

Casos especiales para la 3ª persona en singular

1.- Para los verbos que acaban en "-o","-sh", "-ch", "-ss", "-x", "-z" se añade "- es".
Examples:

Verbo Tercera persona significado

To Go He Goes Él Va

To Do She Does Ella hace

To Wish She Wishes Ella Desea

To Reach He Reaches Él Alcanza

To Express She Expresses Ella Expresa

To Fix He Fixes Él Arregla

To Kiss She Kisses Ella Besa

To Buzz He Buzzes Él Murmulla

2.- Team
English Para los verbos que terminan en –y, precedido por una consonante, la “y” se
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cambia a “i” y se añade la “es”.

Examples:

To Occupy He Occupies Él Ocupa

To Study She Studies Ella Estudia

To Fly He Flies Él Vuela

To Cry She Cries Ella Llora

3.- Para los verbos que terminan en Y, precedida por una vocal, se le añadirá
una S en la tercera persona del singular.

Examples:

To Buy He buys Ella juega

To Play She plays Ella juega

To Fly He flies Él vuela

To Cry She cries Ella llora

NOTE: el verbo HAVE cuando se conjuga con la tercera persona en singular

(he, she, it) se convierte en HAS.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

Para las oraciones negativas usaremos “como soporte” los auxiliares Do y

Does, pero no tiene ningún significado solo auxiliará al verbo.

Para la negación la estructura es:

SUBJECT + DO/DOES + NOT + VERB + COMPLEMENT

Examples:
• I do not sing. Yo no canto
• He does not eat. Él no come
• They do not play. Ellos no juegan
• I do not talk. Yo no hablo.

Contraction: DON’T Y DOESN’T

 "Do + not" se contrae y se convierte en "don't"

 "Does + not" se contrae y se convierte en “doesn't".

Examples:
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• I don't sing. Yo no canto

• He doesn't sing. Él no canta
• They don't play. Ellos no juegan

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

En las oraciones interrogativas también se hace uso del verbo auxiliar do y

does anteponiéndolo al sujeto. Como estructura tenemos:

DO / DOES + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT + ?

Examples:

• Do you like music? ¿Te gusta la música?

• Does he speak English? ¿Él habla inglés?
• Do you talk? ¿Hablas tú?
• Do you live in Lima? ¿Vives en Lima?
• Do you read magazines? ¿Lees revistas?
• Does she take the bus? ¿Ella coge o toma el autobús?
• Does he have a job? ¿tiene trabajo?

También lo podemos utilizar con WH Questions.

• Why do you like music? ¿Por qué te gusta la música?

• When do you come back? ¿Cuándo vuelves?

Preguntas y respuestas cortas con Do y does

a). Do you like apple?

 Yes, I do
 No, I don’t

b). Does she like Ceviche?

 Yes. She does.
 No. She doesn’t.

CONCLUSIÓN

Do auxiliará a los pronombres I, You, We, They

Does auxiliará a los pronombres He, She, It.

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EXERCISES:

1. It ............ a lot in Britain.

a. rain
b. rains
c. is rain
2. I ........ pizza very much.
a. likes
b. is like
c. like
3. I ............. English very well
a. no speak
b. not speak
c. don't speak
4. They always ............. TV in the evening.
a. are watch
b. watches
c. watch
5. The banks ............. on Sundays.
a. don't open
b. doesn't open
c. do opens
6. My sister ........... in London.
a. is live
b. live
c. lives
7. Your brother .............. tennis very well.
a. play
b. is play
c. plays

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LESSON N° 18
OBJECTS PRONOUNS

Los pronombres objeto son los que sustituyen al objeto directo y son los que
reciben la acción del verbo. Son utilizados para no volver a repetir el objeto de
una frase y normalmente van después del verbo.

Veamos la diferencia entre pronombres personales y pronombres objetos:

PERSONAL SIGNIFICADO OBJECT SIGNIFICADO

PRONOUNS PRONOUNS

I Yo Me Me, mi, a mi
You Tú, usted You Te, ti, a ti
He Él Him Le, él, a él, a
ella
She Ella Her
It Ello It Eso, ello
We Nosotros Us A nosotros
You Ustedes You A ustedes
They Ellos, Ellas Them A ellos, a ellas

Examples:

The letter is for me. La carta es para mí

The letter is for you. La carta es para ti
The letter is for him. La carta es para él
The letter is for her. La carta es para ella
The letter is for us. La carta es para nosotros
The letter is for them. La carta es para ellos

Veamos cada uno de los pronombres objeto

1. La palabra Me significa en español Mí o Me, en el sentido a mí

1. Please, help me! ¡Por favor, ayúdame!

2. It is for me. Eso es para mí
3. Without me? ¿sin mí?
4. Mary loves me. María me ama

• También puede significar CONMIGO después de la preposición WITH.

With me? ¿Conmigo?

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2. La palabra You (singular) significa: te, contigo, ti, lo, usted

1. I saw you at the cinema. Te vi en el cine.

2. It is for you. Es para ti
3. My brother made you cry yesterday. Mi hermano lo hizo llorar ayer.
4. This toy is for you. Este juguete es para ti.
5. With you? ¿Contigo?

La palabra You (plural): les, os, con ustedes, con vosotros, con
vosotras, los, ustedes, las

1. I would like to go with you. Me gustaría ir con ustedes.

2. This book was published by you. Este libro fue publicado por
ustedes.
3. This food is for you. Esta comida es para ustedes.

3. La palabra Him significa: lo, le o él

1. It’s for him. Es para él

2. With him. Con él
3. When Rose saw him, she fell in love. Cuando Rose lo vio, se enamoró.

4. La palabra Her significa: la, le o ella

1. It’s for her. Es para ella

2. Marc met her at a restaurant. Marc la conoció en un restaurante.
3. Peter gave her beautiful white roses. Pedro le regaló hermosas rosas
blancas.
5. La palabra It significa: lo, le o la, eso

1. I like it. Me gusta (eso)

2. Give me it. Dámelo
3. Saw the movie last night and I enjoyed it. Vi la película anoche y la
disfruté.

6. La palabra Us significa: nos, nosotros o nosotras

1. With us. Con nosotros/as

2. They invited us to a party tomorrow. Nos invitaron a una fiesta
mañana.

7. La palabra Them significa: los, las, les, ellos, ellas

1. With them. Con ellos/ellas

2. I invited them home. Las/les invité a casa.
3. Did you talk to them? ¿Hablaste con ellos – ellas?

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EXERCICES

COMPLETE WITH THE RIGHT OBJECT PRONOUN

1.- We will see _____ on Sunday.

a. there
b. they
c. them
2.- We bought ____ some flowers.
a. you
b. your
c. yours
3.- This cake is for ____
a. her
b. his
c. him
4.- Call _____ if you need help.
a. me
b. I
c. my
5.- We want to go to the party with _____.
a. them
b. We
c. Our
6.-_____ was waiting for _______
a. She /we
b. She / us
c. Her / us

READING:

STEVE FROM SYDNEY

Hello, my name`s Steve Mc Dowel. I come from Sydney in Australia, but

now I live and work in London. I have a very small apartment near the centre. It
looks very beautiful. I live there with two friends, Bob Robson and Alex Brown. I
am a waiter and I`m also a drama student. I work part time in an Italian
restaurant. I eat Italian food. I don`t drink beer. I don`t like it. I speak French,
but I don`t speak german. And I don’t play sports. I want to be an actor.
My roommate Alex plays sports every day. He wants to be an athlete, but he
doesn`t like acting. He says arts are for girls, his sister Susan, loves music, but
she doesn’t love sports. Bob studies business. He wants to be a businessman. He
doesn’t like acting too.

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ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:

1. Where does Steve live?

_______________________________________________
2. Does Steve have and apartment near the centre?
_______________________________________________
3. Does Steve work part time?
_______________________________________________
4. What does Alex do every day?
_______________________________________________
5. Does Bob want to be an actor?
_______________________________________________
6. What does Bob want to be?
_______________________________________________

EXCERCICES LESSON 16
Regular and Irregular Verbs

I. LOOK AT THE PICUTRES, READ THE SENTENCES AND WRITE THE

NUMBER.
I have a shower .................
I go to bed .................
I watch TV .................
I get up .................
I go to work .................
I have breakfast …….............

II. MATCH THE WORDS TO MAKE SENTENCES.

1. I get breakfast
2. I have TV
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3. I TaKe to college.
4. I go up at 7 o’clock
5. I watch to bed at 11 o’clock
6. I go a shower.

III. DAILY ROUTINE: Complete with the right verbs

1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
4. ____________________
5. ____________________
6. ____________________

IV. READING

STEVE FROM SYDNEY

Hello, My name`s Steve Mc Dowel. I come from

Sydney in Australia, but now I live and work in
London. I have a very small flat near the centre. It
looks very beautiful. I live there with two friends,
Bob Robson and Alex Brown. I am a waiter and I`m
also a drama student. I work part time in an Italian
restaurant. I eat Italian food. I don`t drink beer. I
don`t like it. I speak French, but I don`t speak
german. And I don’t play sports. I want to be an
actor.
My roommate Alex plays sports every day. He wants to be an
athlete, but he doesn`t like acting. He says arts are for girls,
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his sister Susan, loves music, but she doesn’t love sports. Bob studies business. He
wants to be a businessman. He doesn’t like acting too.
CHOOSE IF IS TRUE or FALSE:

1. Steve comes from Sydney. TRUE FALSE

2. Steve works and lives in Paris. TRUE FALSE
3. Steve works full time. TRUE FALSE
4. Steve eats Italian food. TRUE FALSE
5. Steve speaks Italian TRUE FALSE
6. Alex plays sports every day TRUE FALSE
7. Bod Studies English TRUE FALSE

LESSON 17
EXCERCICES SIMPLE PRESENT

I. Fill the blanks with the verbs in parentheses (FORMA AFIRMATIVA)

1. I _______ (To live) in the United States

2. You _____ (to work) at the library
3. Peter _______ (To finish) his homework 
4. She ______ (to go) to the gym
5. It ______ (to fly) far away
6. He ______ (to play) with my dog
7. Anne _______(work)in a language school.
8. Katy_______(teach) English.

II. Fill the blanks with the verbs in parentheses (FORMA NEGATIVA)
1.- Peter (not to talk) _______ to many people.
2.- The train (not to leave) ________ until five.
3.- You (not to learn) ____________ very fast.
4.- She (not to cry) _________ no more over a thing like this.
5.- Mary (not to eat) __________ too much pasta.
6.- My family (not to care) ___________ about me.
7.- I (not to drink) ____________ milk every day.
8.- Steve and his wife (not to go) ____________ shopping

III. Rewrite the sentences in the interrogative form

1. John goes to school by car.

_______________________________________
2. They do their homework every day.
______________________________________
3. We have a shower every day.
_____________________________________
4. My girlfriend finishes work at 3.00.
________________________________________
5. The children watch TV at the weekend.
_________________________________________
6. I go home at 6 p.m.
________________________________________
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7. My sister sleeps a lot.

________________________________________

IV. CHOOSE THE RIGHT ANSWER:

1. The teachers ____________ much homework.

a. give
b. gives
c. are give
d. is give
2. ______ your parents let you go to bed late?
a. Are
b. Does
c. Do
d. Is
3. How many books __________ you read in a year?
a. are
b. were
c. did
d. do
4. He is good at football but he _____ want to play now.
a. isn't
b. wasn't
c. doesn't
d. don't
5. He is talking for hours but I _______ understand anything.
a. don't
b. wasn't
c. isn't
d. am not
6. How often ______ you go to the cinema?
a. are
b. do
c. was
d. does

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