—— o pate a ee _fuvgopuction To _M Mos __Inverrens = UNIT’ TEST DEG Methodslegis =: roduc 40 dnvertths —_— oad _fnverter | — oe “Tnverir __# BitM0S — Tnvirter ee PMOos ¥ quae 4 i _ | ve Hf . — : > ouepur NM0S + ¢ Is CS t = Semlconductor ——* Deptt jon > channel thas pea = permed 7 — : - —+ Grhanumont — > Gtve_vol wolinae her ms te turn 2 —_ om. PYmee Regier Tanthe ransper Level oe | Ly gate Quoil ( sehematie) DATE VLSI Dutgn Mithodologiin C VLSI Design plow - : esas eg VLSI Derign plow - Speiptcarion lorchavtoural | Functonal dusign — < Tpval { CrvcWiectural Del) + | Cc t |__logte dutgn € gods lend : Y ) ee ( treutt — dutgn Tronuastor | : Jord, | a C chratte verification c 4 \ col dex Laryout i aye) Rett _dutgn [unseat Reg Vv Layout verification 0 eae ion {| eating U, Stwuutation t& catled functional veri bteation E : DATE, gi Invert [Not Gate (Me rf_parts_ 2s = { output out = vin : a “© Truth tobe = Bi ——_in | out a @) Strewladion _( Wasch tne wasrehorn) — tw 1 CPL a wt 1 1 PL t : OLR TRO pow ey — — ~ 7 pt out a j - | @&) Logkeal vert cation ~ ) Ciewit Dat m - ; - Comidoran Inverter 7 CMOS inverter CMS Logie <—— Com tome MOS 7 a hand Chas nos +P Mos) oO — Th 2N eater, where A eo, cy ———DATE. pM0s - + nM05- Sia i ath whin | gee when cm is given te Ht evil tun VON eee \ mca 0 Wweans ON ey * Skeleton ob any etreult dustgn- Vad a Fy put lawn network q Vv gre CMOS inverter = no = pee _ SDS) Eble — ~ §Hnlox Wn ln ca pull network "(Only p05) Vv_pMos ts tuxned OFF M05 is tuaned ON. vo The Cap acltor 1 dtschamy and qeu +0 gent Cau 2: tn=0 , out uk = | cise ete a OE pate i tuned ON, nMOS ts turned OFF, is an. hor Vdd +o blow +inrouah Y Ou aes cha mia = ()_Chruke Veribication - tha Ai Han. oudput wrt tw) © DC Cinbut vs output) ° Para (por dibhevine parawarters ) ‘ ey ee WG L valu os AN = _ a Mite ee * duaian plows ' based aye sul howe stw/ «depends upon —/ a * In 180_vre “Hechnalogts » 2xr= 180 nm : : coe Ae oa Or ~ O° Lem > on the lab PES= yr HUE He mul anit followed ¥ DRC oy L | Pe eed : story —Detge Bue so pty rypew Check. Let i 7 1], + di don Neato a. ALAAD! Lon py | pl pr? Abb {teal | n substrate _ LD Ruclu- y [width ] | Lo The mintmum ote oh the _polysllicen Layee should be 2h The mininuom stee of “ona ain layer should lt 24 | The mtnimun st ae smh ER _—oe atm. law should ot 3) & Whinutr a podysiit con Layer Cress Hao di bbus ion Jags a Kramintet ts pormed 9 4 polusilicon p/n pMos/nmos Minkwuim Stood Translstor - 2» , ae Sr GOA —Lopak = [= uk Sour | dvain ~“ ay va PSs AB Stn > = zp _y oe —— > 5K SV active rr — 1»=x au ports pins art ene utah ° pate CM06 _tnverter — - ee th, out, Vad | nd are ay eral [metal | Fo nwa > word, ty compact da n both MOS ovina Cantos to pu ¥ Distanw YW [mtn) NMos Te wot — at sor — TL ae eee ter pe formanw 7 1 epee, i Caprove want [arora gn Hone ' Desian time —y oN Semh uxtom -Y uses standard call [erga Full orton =¥ Geometry | Placement 4, vty transistor can br sp¥imistd tnatvidually. 2. Eber of Technology wi nclow oh desian tine g Peopormawna - UU 0 To _waky Kitty lore vae_oh user. echoes Har chip unt He has tp be sheet enough dogo Maturing of chip Manutact aH produc 40. Customs» ing : tie dette hk PESexforwa- =o ee Ap YW ; : performance t i yurt | generation _ 1 i I ' a 1 auvign production peaign 7 preductfon Fl Ttwe 7 o tech nol09 4 A - og } window Biased) = 3.¥ choxt- Ty Har_seq insu Ow an onet_te chip ft vssible ax astm, sedge ty amp _Sructural Chace domain, > Mgoviton Jini Stet machine “Medals durertptton af sapation Eee eam Cagouk 2gee 4. Symbol -__ 1] a 3. Voltage Trameper Characteristter (VTC) of an Tdeal Taverky- : Vout . Vi T Ton vol ' th > Trancttion ing Logie |} logic o 1 oh the inverter output output | t t ; Veh = Vop SEE aE TE {7 th ' Yo in A. Voltage Transn Chavacreriation yh a RedVivtte Trwerter - + unsralbed Structure oh nos tnwerter= $ T Vop Tq: 0 ped Me elisa ere dd Vouk - vee [7 TJ one — —_" TT Nin = Vas | L Vous = Vig ae = om: on |=. xX Tranibtr ts a switch» When put fs0 ca ep [OFF a = wha tape tot tae [eX ° Von x output ie oVo 7 DUbput lowL oVn > tnput low 0 Vr 2 tap intgh, 0 VM / Vin 7 mid & point velar te Wi Vest) we togieo regen Logie tAt C9 Vin- Vout heartadnit] t uncertain Ne ton ere will vate asa switth only ih A YE- tgion Bcd tt atts at an Avni Gp hence tant ae into_tonsideration 5. Not immunity ren Margin = Max A\ywabla armpunl et noite to View added so tat the {nput_d doun't hau ae Ane _uncertain talon > noice margin TA conwections Note Margin NO Vos lew # Ver + AVneiae ¥NMH Note PES wary gey %NMy > Max ariount sh nout cothat oun — cha input m 1 + 4) mL, cl | oe Now | vi a | 0D ZA Mott Mut LLL = NMywe VoH-Vea vncrtain | - Aepuls “quo NMv> Vit-@Vor rq = — a Vru 7 po Y /, Z Z Nt ee Sy peed oe % NML2 Mat amount th not co that tk doun't thangs {nput__brown Lagic 0 to angehirg elie. ° Not 3 Maxtnmuum ouput vatinas when -Hre_ output level ib if | # Vou > Minimum putput voltage when the dutbut lewd Leaie 0. °Vo > Maximum (input voltage whtth can be Cnerpreted a Lop 0. "Vin 2 Mtntmur tnput voltage which Can be tricep as loge I ! . Vio [Nin Voltage where Vin = Vout he Vth) — = p(vin + ANo&e) —#) Ropare : - Gain Tig aye Sele? ( Vout = p lyin) + dNout (AN Note) ae avin a __ higher order | eauming ain = 2 (oecouw we derivates : =~ eee Mewt= p (Vin y+ AVnoiee —am PMH the hole hence we tale ; 3 as 2 “Rutative Load Tnwerder- : _ Vop fia + ef ee Hf - tng bo e __Vay? Vout = Yos ae 4 ve Pp = fe api waodutation 4 Vsp = 0. V x Thruhold of nMos= Vy, Nott ratturistt cs of Rutrttve load Lrverter — Nout. | = S| AVouk =-! Vou (emeaunetemmnt 1. VINa Whin Nin > ZV, » Vout sere Vite < Vin < Vos > saturation a 3. Whin Vin = Vopt Va? Linvar igen Cussent eq uatfons — sot 1. tur oy 2 Tp20 aia iar 2. Saturation 9 Ip= Kn’ [Vin- Vie —fi) o - ) 3. Linpar > Ip= Rn [2 (vin = Vip) Vowt- Voue* | —f) > 4 Caleutotfon of Vor, Vow, Vir, Vin - Case-L + Calculation oh Vou bp Vin < Vt» (out oft’) =e Nout = Vpp- TaR, —w i Tr=0 ——=0 Vout [a, Newt = Vpp = Voy] —— @) os Cot Coleutation of Vou = i In=TIp 4 Vin > Voo+) Vie Op Ip= Vpp- Vout —— (ut) R= Jie ae Ru (> -Vour oe & Unear reat Vin SE Tp = kn | 2(Vin-Vto) Vout - Vour™ - 2 “Vit)pate — eae 2 os 4S OV = ZV. 20s: 7 Ve 2(Vov Vie) Lt FNeD a - — Git =a] vp Vet | | Vor + 2¥o = 0 eae ee knRi knPL Let v= VoL is Vers 2 | Voo- VE + | af ANee We Knkt | V e kn — 28Vpp oe eRe jb. = f —— Vor = | Voo- Vte+ 1 + | (Vop-Wetl \ — ® 2 Veo L kenRt vi knRy/ en Ra : : 4 _ ——(&) We ait 2 possible solutions , ence we nut choose the owe nat physically correct -for te output Low _voltaad wa Hana tre _-ve_ stan isl Chosen. output low, Value of lon chosen lw 0 and _Voo - [Noo -Vrat = 2¥ 0 2 No=(Voo- Vat] \- \ lene / ‘ene! rene |Soa verel_|_ CouTL + Calculation oh Vir~ oD “Vin= Va (saturation fon) FP} >_> =e PR Tr= Vpp— Vout ——1x) [—» Vouk Re vin bt Tp=_&n (Vin - Vin)? —oy = Vu 2 = ker Lye NZ lace Equcatiing - - J Nop = Vout = kn (Vin - Vio ic) Rt 2 Di bisentiating wrt Vin on beth cide - fz \ dVbut = kn «2 (Vin - Ve)” aR ein = Substituting Vin = Viv (= \~ dee (A) = Kn (Vi - Vt) Cee] ir Ve ez) ; ken Re Aubititute fit) tn bai) jind Newt — Voo— Vout = vee 1 +e ye) 7 Re knRe VDE Niet eee ipcemanieta Ent Vout = Vop—_| xt |a q cee fl? Calcutation of Vin = Nie vin (Uinaar Pepto) eet Tra 2 Vop— Vout > 7 tie | —o Vout {to- Re Tp = kn RL Ven ~ Vie) Vout — Vout] »—}F— ae 7 Vpp— Vout = Kn (vin — V4y) Vout - Vou Ry 2 * —(v) - Dik brenti ate born stow wrt Vin - =\ AVout = kn | 2(Vyr- Vo Vout + 2hVouk — RL AVin ae aVin 2Vout »dVout avin 1 = Rp |-2 (Voy- Vy) + 2Vout 4 2 Vout Ru 2b 4 = = AW = Ve) + 2 Vout kn zx 1 [Via Vp) + 2 Vout RkaRp Min = 7-2Vout “+ Va = | == kv 2 aimee ken Substituu vi) in ky) th the plaw oh Varin t Wpp- Vout = kn [2 Vio + 2Nowk- |) Vouk eye 2 knRi-Mo - Ry “Mg Sea Sg Re Nop-Vout = kn | BW NGG + 4 Veat_—_2ewt — Vout | 2 kenRy , Ry | Np~ Vow! = kn — Vout + 3V put @ Ry a lene EESrT o— | | | pareL_|_1 2 — Secpaenaenee® a hue t BNout _ 2 (vo- Maat) = + pe “en Re aang, epee ae Nin = Vo + V3 baR | Pt ecelaale Summary - 4. Nour = Vow = Vop oO a. Nov = (vo0= Vp +1 \= Von = Vit \ae ken J Rie . Be ie Gt Nt 4. moh Se V3 ne vaRp Fam de £9 actions_ yor _N Vows Van @r Vin we can observe jit fatiae Rak whith plac an Ubortant role tr ‘tata! apes oh neo Netty, “Teanape Nor bo Lie Ie Ad doa 2 Yor 1 smaller , Vi, Vie \s Smaller.kn RL) Sen Ria)? lemRu ls) Mer Notes For larger KknRi Values, shape 6h VelC approachus _ an ideal inverter. Adhieving loroer Kn! Ry volun mM we ae will have ole trade bis th the Austsin Wet Yorta_&| power Conauniption oh te ckreuit. 2C__ Power Hon=- Courts Whin Vin = Vor ,nmMos ts th cut a 4 ene Tp=0 ,?oTr=0 and DC Power 0 Cau: When Vin=VoH, Ip= IR#tO Tr=Vpp —Vout = Vpp— Vor a Ln Power = VI Yo Poe = Vop* | Vep— Vor Roe L NOTE s Assuming SD°/o dust cathe, averse DC_Powery kn= Pnlomuby B ehpective “a oT | | kn = Pn Cow + peal ; “Pp 8. Elven Vop=5V, kn= 30 pA), Vie2 tv. Destan a ~ mealative Load nwverter with Vor = 0°2V - Det Muy Hoa_W). ratio of, tne _dviver tranaivtor 4 tie Valu 9 Ru +o achieve the requined Vor - - Nop =SV Ig=Tp (Linear Region) J Vop— Veut = knW]L + = Rt 2 Re - ‘Vout =02v 2{Vpp-Vta) Wow Vin i = va} im 4 5-092 = ean wl PETTY b-2? | 2 J Hg = isis xw x[teb = 0-0y L > RW xs 1S xX1o7$ c R ww = _205+)28 x 107 Ry Poe = Yop ( Voo = Vo) oe Re dos ho | SB:s WW 7 los ba VFI Ww = a (45-6 pw __shaska | 234-14 pW | —_4t kaa 68 pw ae 25 \+ 21 LW __— Umption T as value a aapuk mth We) t Steed sctitena be PES_ e DATE: 37 tie poveer_Corsumuprion b a_conersn, (w[eyratte ts tape ro, a larqe Load resistance should 2 Crutdered | But “ta, will be “more as fabrication of large value of Ry tapes 0 arse silicon area - “(onside a reststive load trwenter with pp = SV, Pn =20 pAv* Vip = 0°8V, Rp = 200k2 and w/t=2 Calculate 7 a) Critical Volta Vor, Vin» Vor) Vin b) Find tne moter margin ob de cert. a) Now = SV “py Vn = I +Vin kn Wit Re = \ +-0°% 20x lw x 2x 2DOXLO? Vi_= b+425V Ve = (Noo SNe Lo \ - (Vos Ve +1 ‘ ene J 2x 20x10 x2B0F N{S- 08+ ON Ys 5-08 2e2OXxIK x 2o0K102 ) =leAts WA Qn a [2 a= V2 Wnkt KnRe Steen) ams: a VS 2oKi0e xp KZOd~ID> 20 nID x2 DO0x 10 = 146s VN PES2 Hl DATE, ——— >? = (WVop- + - y= +1 = 2V 4) No = Wop Va i = ‘ne te oe [See De \ Doxio ®x2x LovAId® [fs- ost | \z= DoKID- x2 K200 10> J sae 2 KDboxio? ————— = Aiga5 — yf Ae3as - [2S = 2S4V Fabri tation — —_—— 7 Dilpustd ares stor, Fabytcation > undsbed poly xesstor Voo : leet q Geena (OMS per square) | J undoped poly = : | Conia ; coll ‘ Teput 1 ja] and = _ saver nfi_n-tape MOSFET Load = (nmos tnverter ) Wo replace vttrttve load with nMOS devia Sng, cubtors fake up alot *h area. :“ia nos > pos transistor —> allows vatut (a 7 | be parsed through ore n Mos Inverter ap eed jn C= Uren t oe —inhaneagte i ay a # ( - af : Z ur aked Lintar 4 Saturated E-Modo mos Load _nnos fnver ter — + amma toad Sr ethacarn ain | nuns (load) 2 Vse= Vout _[ te tte Sp Vout oe D Vin [nea Cdvives) > Vrs = Vout . G a bs Lariver) Vgs=Vin Ze D (ati ver) an if Uv G . Conaftion for saturation - TO Vouk Yos > Vas - Vt T Vos (load) = Vgs(load) - Vt (load) N =Nv d fs Nos (load) > Vos (load) — Vit load) *Mar Nalut % Vop- \r(load) Vas= Va-Vs 4 Vee = Vop-Npp + V1 (Wad) {s oo Vas- Nit (load) 8 Whi Vou vel itmlted to Vpp —Vilload) in @tnmode —nnws load nos -temrest frverder? @ RESat | | | —__— ce 2, Unear E-mode_ nmos | 2. OA eee Vag ZN pp > Vig Ye + Vr (lea : - wee Ly . ta — Vin 6 Nase Vin we Vos (toad) < Vgs (load) —Vrlload) ee Wp- K< Vye-Ye= Vrtad) Vp < “= Villead) Vop < [| >Nop + Vz wad) -V7 oad Vass Noo New Lad) J - : iil |. Yoo Lp ps ltoad. Vastra #2 Nas= Von +i (toad) = Yep + Vr (wad ) “2Na (toad) ~.—. fa ors | tt y n Amos frwvewter— aca monnis 1s wad as active load | “pyorin te mos conducts when Algo =0 ( Vy (wad) --ve) ' : jeminals are _Onnecttd sp Hat Nas (load) often ie = : Of Yat devi pperates ] Saturca Hon reqten tt \tep. = Unser L req tona > _ : | Te Vl load) #VI0 U OSahiration | Vas Uload)= © _ ec Voll Oe gs — ° 0 > Via Valdas Vig t = _Vv¥ a VY Vilload) =(Vro)+ ff V [2Ge{ +Nout - 2h 2,1 ) Thrthold voltage without body epbet \ 7 Body ehhect coekhictent “Or = 9 Fermi pottnttal oh the mattrfal F. Vi ltoad ) CVour) (V7 (load) & a functfon auto the chonnsl oh Nout) (outs Nout < Vop+ V1(load) (outpur_is_a smaller Yor saturation > Vos = Vas-V1o . Valus) Vos.) 2 Vas toad) - Vr{ Load) Vos (load) > — Vid Utod) : Np — Nout > -Vtlload) The ae nmos Inverter G th saturation oT: Vout > Vov + Vt Cboad) Coutput is_a larger For \t a Vos < Vas - Vio va lus) rv \tnear DS 4s E Vi toad) @ Vos (load) < Vas (load W AVG PES Gute= ae Vin_|Nowk_| Dotver operating {Load Operating > i req reat =v — 1 Vout a Vor | Vou cut Shh Linear - 1 7 Ny | & Vey | Saturatfon Linear tt Muy |&Von | Utnaas. Saturation A (ne { No | Vou Linear : Seduratton | | \, = Vop | Voy re Vor Vil Val vy a) Colurtetion of VoH Uz Ce Unear a Vout= Vos( oad) 7] favo TEs + Nout= Vpp= Vow + a . = : v b). (alonto.tion oh Vor _ —_Trldxiver) pa nea = ka artery [ 5(Vi, 2 Vie) Vout = Vast? [4 — Te tsed) = en Clsad) | Vas load) = Vi Coad 100) L? Saturation = kn (load 2a Vito, &) Vouk PES; b q (i) - amines tyer)_= Epf bead’) __________ sued "Z(Vih-Vin) Nor Ver] = kn enlived) [valved )vout))~ Tt Via) Vou Vor > kn (toad ) “[vittoad flout] len (diver) Vo, - 2(Vin - Vito) Vor + len (Load) [ Vrlload Your) | = ° kp Cdviver) Vo = b+: b-Aac a Woe = NoL= _(VoH- Vite) ae IT Vou- Vie) =" ken (oad) (SV (oad) yp in (driver) Veg )T vu ——_ tit Va Utnad) (Vor) = Vo tel [2 Gel NS z 7} 5 |2 Be —Ww | NOTE The actual value of Vor Can oe {ound ba solving apatin (it) & (tv) tn numerical Veratins . Wevbiit solve (jit) wit ng Vylload) (Vout) and cate Ansing ae Now, the Value” tf Vor is substituted in Gv) 4 -talculate Vz (Load) (Mov) Find Nrttoad) (Vor) is —ubetitund ware tr (it) 40 get actual Not ____ © Gleutation oh Vii - ae a Tol driver) = kn (driver YET [Vin-Vo ) | —& D¥ Saturation 2 RES1 y uve uit vel pate_—__——— “Saad = ba! (oad) (Vir: = 9 Linus rola f 2C Vikload)(vour)) | Vout ~ “Vvaltoad )Cvst) )) (vp Vous) + (Vpn veut pesreaaa ean — (2 2 att as oT ‘Tal (= Vi (oad Vout) (Vo = Vout ) — C¥on = Vou ° Sear Ee \ (VinWn] = balload) _[a(-WyCtoad (Vout) Vrp=Vm) 7 2 ken (driver) L So Soave : =t cea Uppountiate it) wrt) Win = tii) a[Vin-VnJ = kp (load) 2 “Vrltoad f- Vout ken(driver) AVin J uy! eee eee Vp Note ‘pina Naat AV wk ae a ae j et i [1 Vin Ting hal = 2 Vpp-V OF “Nout 1 ea {5 avn (te) S Ny Load) (Nout) = Vr, y ( V2 | +Nout — ee) —-aNrlload) (Vout) = - 2 Aout felt Vent ats ae ~ a 48 hou Y= 0-4 | b= 063 | Vou = ASIN Vop=sV Find dain Fi ed a a dVout — Sees —20Veo- Vout) = afs-wai) a) 5 ee ‘ Osa, ee ‘kn ey vey small vale ao— oon Vpn _— Vout) {= aN 7 (load )(Vout) ) (Avent ) é ANout AVin neglected sche ih toreparttivelst _smatter value. U ZLvin- Voy | = kn Load) | 2 (-V4 Coad)(Vout)) [ = =dVout) ; key Cdriver) UC Avis = aiVo.— Vout) | ~aeut l Vin at dNout = -\ Vin = Vip aVin A WV |= Kn ltoad) | 20-Vig Coad (Vouk J) = : = ken Cavtver) AN pp —Vout) NEV ¥ kn (toad) | Vout = Vop = Wr [eed Vet] len Caviver) Mea. + kn (toad) | Nout — Von + | Vload) (Nout) en (dviver) L —i) ut) i} a’) Colculatton of Q Vv Ho Tp diver) = ky (driver) { 2(Nin —Vty) Vout “Wout” | D> Unear 2 ——t Tolload) 2 So Unad) [Win Vie] La Saturation i= > kn (load) Vin = Viltoad ) (Vouk) PESo— | DATE a) Vou=5 b) Vaz (Von V0 = Ve Utoad) (Vin (va) = Vr Rntload) > kor Wie [load ken (dviver) kent WIL Cdriven) : > 25 XI =i. 26 x3%*2 G You = (5-1) = | 6-7 aBBEE \ é - An [pea = 4- & faa. = . ; ‘a eee Wy Vor = 0-192V Vi (lod (Vor) = Vil load) + y2fe+ Vor — 9 &2 pe) a Vz (load) (Vou) = 3 Ele 4 [yfpxd-3 + 02142- os) Vilload Vi) == 2-453 _ fe oriqinal Ver = 4- | 6a) (9. = qe s 44 : GQ) 0-186 le Vials Vay ates hve = Vio + en SR, a au ken (drive) | Assume Vout = Vou Nelo i < etoa fiers is aie) — verry a reed a poe Ses a Ses ica Sia PES| F el] DATE od Substitute- 7) ie we lO + [Went “to 233 | — Vi ee eS C 6 Zz Vout = b Vy, — 3°36 — Substituting Vout - Ven Cdaiver)_(Vin- VE) = & x eo) = len (toad) | 21 Vrbood Mis 2 ae (Vout)| 2 (Vpp Vout) - (Vop- Vour)'| r f= = | (Vu - 1) 20 363) -[S- 6Vin t3-35) — (5b | x - nee ey My th= 2Vu = - ectzey 8°35 —-bVir) + PAL Vi E8-s a a) Vy -2Vin th = | 3aeuent = 989350) +(EVn- 8:39] Vit 2Vir+ | L ‘= 22° SSG BN Vw = Sit t Saw Ni = Syttat -\ 6 G Nib + 6426 Vy - Ari 8ts3s = 0 Vir= te 36V, 0°98V Nuw Vout = 6 | te36] — 3°35 = Ley — Vilna) Wek] 0 3 fork ous! Ve Ss ead N PES“oe 1 1 1 : a 4 yoo | Gal= 1+ 2-1 | = 36 3 Waive [2 (tn > Vie ) Vout - Vout |= Wivena)| ~ Vr ttre) Viv > kuptoen [2 in = Via) vo aA ves Vi tlead) (Vout) 0°2a 4 and Vout = 0° Vix - 0°55 4 az 2 [2-1 [0S Va — 0-55) = OSV - O'S5h [= TRAC) 3 Vin= -0°35 V, 2 43V Nout = 0'S Vig= 0:55 = oS (2-43) -0'SS = O-btV AVe lind) = Y : A Vout: a_f12Be] + Vout Vi [bead )Vout} = = 2-4 = 0-18V Via [Vout)= Vy 4 Vouk + Kitmadd [Vr ltoad veut) ] b (aviver) © Subutitwing — : faVs ttsed) Vin = 2243 V_Ee | DATE. CMOS. Tnverter— Vas n= Vin Vps n= Vout Nas, p = Vq~Vs = Vin - Vpp Vos.p = No-Ves = Vout -Vop Working ob a CMOS Wverter- eS PM05 —v on logic 0 nMos — OFF > Wate 1 J Cased? Whin Vin =0 Case Ds When Vin= 1 — ao =a 7 Vp { ae sin 4 ee \ Vout a \ aly ~ ard 2oNout = logit O V 2. Nout = Logie a Deviation ob CMos, tnvertor- | @) For nog iy Saturation- Vea Via." i Vos = Vas-Vio,n - Nin Vio 1 Nlowt = Vin - Vionb) For pros _th_Saturatfon — iE ps Vise Vos,p < Vas, p~ Vio Min = Vo p { ' avec 2Vgs-Vr { { ( ‘ ( Vqsip_ Yoo Nop + Vig p Vi ° n Vin | Vout nMOS | pMo Kp (2(vm z Equate_ & ) Vasin= Vin Dee er le Vesip = _Vin- Von c Vos, p= Vout ~ Vpp —Vo, p) Vos.p — Vos, p>) ~ Vo — Vio,p) (Vout = Von) 5 (veut — Vop)™)i uve uit wv a ee a r aa a Vout —Vpp) = Sanne (2(Nin Min = Von =Vta.p Jost Spo) = (= Vinal = $ ee Dif pesontiastiy i) wrt Vin = Bo 1 ‘Win-View f= 24 21vin = Vpp =e pla Van RK aVin, p + Sante Vop) — Z (Vout ~ ~Voy) vers © Ava/] Substituting Vin= Vir and dVour = -l inf (w) at U avin 4 pou Seg ee pivot Mop Vout — Vop) C ‘ ba, (Vu- Vien) = Vin + Vinp 4 2Voue - Vo kp \ \ Vie = Vite,p +2Veut - Vpp — Rn Vu + Kn Vien kp ee Mu (14 ka.) = Viejpt2Vouk -Vop+ kn Vian Kp? : eae aa RR=kn Niv= Vito, p+ 2Vout — Voy 4 key Vann] ky V4 kp (olontotion_»} Viy— (Reaton D) - penes 2 Sat. nes =¥ near . = | —le.p= bo {1 Vsp= Vte,p) _ Vino Ven a - | x 2 ino : pomaana) cs Ss Tos n= an (20 wssn -Viein) Vos n pigs @ | a PESa] | | | DATE L - Tos n= a (+t Nin= Vt," n_) Vout = Vour” J==S0) uv = ulv+ uv! kn [ Renae Vout”

\* 2D ) vesGoel ate), = kp : pplerp C4, = Facing the gate ontde Cor and Ant Knees “oxldo tox hor Ss Vand Yni0s ty be capa =—— kp 7 ~ V230 om [Vs He Usp tte SB0 cm7/Vs = 230 tm’ |Vs : WIL) pn cso cm? [vs Noe: Tt should be noted that the numerical values ~~ used fer _electron and hole mobiltty arr foal Value, and He exact Mn €f Pp Vel will vary wily swpace ing wnentration oh te “culicra and tub. Aesume Kae d Vy n= _(Vte,pl jor_a_syprnnattrical Anverter Vir tan be ex as— Vie= 4 1 ( 2N op + 2Vym) Toy VoL (=a, Qo @ PES acePont Pedi * ye LLL But Therverg ht spat Noise Marqin calculation 2 eee = cm \S cymes brie: ie CMOS = CNM. = Vip trner ti), wo as margin ie NMy_= Von — Vin sheet a, naib deoias, NMu = _Vpp — Vin « Novus marge & wah % Also Linas Symmetric trwnertor, sum of Vir and Viq a eajal to Vpp. — BICMOS Trverter — Tef : BIT > 7 a vat + For Cs Te-Ic +Isp Grp. fn pd t == x I, : L Vee “ e ma bare Corel: + When vi =0 om Mp=ON 8=0N C. = VppTrvcrker & a Combination oh a Mos a BJT. Thu pret aed tn ord +? achieve high speed (BIT) with — var er chaeeparten (M09) ixeeaotcal BAEM0s Inverter YO Aye eo Yoo —taaag ae When Vin = 0 4 —— _Mp= oN {ome | = 0N : 7] Cy = Von i [Vout Mp2 = on a r= toe Y Whin Vin =Vpp Mn oe : My = ON | . 2 =ON wer | _ =o q Mp1 = 0N 4 When Vin = Von, Ha nMo0s in the pull_wp network is ON. 22 Any Cuent blowing through te pull wp Will at Uyis charged and Viena 96, rematns OFF in rel 9”4 (ay, General BICMOS Lote = — —Vpp shes fewer It wattRPMS yor pultdiwn witwerk > Addition in (el 1 mp aut mur ltiplicatt on tn eee auc __ | CMDS Login always coo Vie tempi sual == SOMOS Logie wequier N tvancuiprs wh — ner op touts © Pall up network os made up ob phos Set ond pul down network ts made up th nM0s 4.2 twput Nor aate~ —— * Me a+b —_| V Nop ae Pon cae . 0 \ Saad ot 0 Ye | 0 _» Vout Lod 0 1 } wl 6 PDN sl i. f LL } “y 2. 2 input NAND gor — No = ab eo b mo 7 mh ae Pe ‘yy [-——e » Nov a aecaie —- = [0 | He PDN Lipo | boy & | Syo ere L_ = | 4. BICMOS Diwput NOR Gate— an == Veo Voo a he 5s +5eS ‘Y 2. BUMOS ys_ 2 iwpul NAND_ (yas —___—__" Nepp-——— a Np | = aE = Le Le roe te ia — Vow = ~} + ——