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1- (I) It's reported that more men and 4- (I) The 100-meter dash attracts the
women are losing their hair than ever world's fastest humans. (II) It requires
before. (II) Stress, hectic living, family all-out-speed over the entire distance of
history, and even pollution are being the race, (III) An explosive start is critical
blamed for a record number of hair and because victory is often decided by as
related scalp disorders. (III) Ever since little as one hundredth of a second. (IV)
ancient times, human beings have been Thus, at the firing of the pistol, which
searching for a way to conquer the aging starts the automatic timer, runners
process. (IV) The problem is more literally explode off their blocks. (V) The
common among men, of whom more 200- and 400-meter dashes, on the other
than 60 percent suffer from some form of hand, are run around one or more turns.
baldness. (V) Thus, miracle cures are in
great demand. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 5- (I) Deep in interplanetary space, a man-

made space probe is attempting to
2- (I) The black rat, responsible for uncover some of the deepest secrets of
spreading the bubonic plague that killed the universe. (II) Thousands of asteroids
25 million people in Europe in the 14th have been discovered since the first was
century, is making a come-back in spotted in 1801. (III) Astronomers
Britain. (II) Six colonies of the rat have believe that these mysterious objects are
been discovered along the River rubble left over from the formation of the
Thames in East London. (III) There are solar system, and that they've
fears that the rats, thought to be nearly occasionally smashed into Earth. (IV) It
extinct in Britain, may be spreading may well have been a wayward asteroid,
towards the centre of the capital. (IV) for example, that wiped out the
Some species of rat are so sensitive to dinosaurs 65 million years ago. (V) Yet
even small modifications in the no one has ever got a close enough look
environment that they may be facing to be sure exactly what the asteroids are
extinction. (V) Fortunately, none of the or where they came from.
discovered rats have been found to carry
the fleas that cause bubonic plague. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 6- (I) Dogs are being driven frantic by the

stress of being left alone by owners with
3- (I) Until about ten thousand years ago, increasingly busy lives. (II) The normal
all human beings lived in hunting-and- life span of a small or medium-size dog
gathering societies. (II) Although rapidly is about 15 years, while a large dog lives
disappearing, a few such societies still only about ten years. (III) More than half
exist. (III) Their members must always of British vets have reported an increase
be on the move in search of food, and in the number of dogs who suffer from
consequently their bands are quite small. separation anxiety. (IV) They say that
(IV) Today most people live in more dogs suffer from a chronic lack of
complex social groups where there is a stability when owners leave them alone
lot of specialisation. (V) Everyone for long periods. (V) It is ironic, though,
performs the same jobs and has the that this should occur in Britain, which is
same responsibilities, and consequently, thought of as one of the great pet-, and
there is more equality between the particularly, dog-loving nations of the
sexes. world.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
1
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7- (I) The Eskimos are a race of American 10- (I) Both the United States and the Soviet
Indians living in the far north of Canada. Union have launched unmanned space
(II) More than two thirds of Canada's probes to other planets. (II) The age of
nearly 27,500,000 residents, however, space exploration opened in October,
live within 300 kilometres of its southern 1957, when the Soviet Union launched
border with the USA. (III) Traditionally, the first artificial satellite, Sputnik I. (III) A
they constructed homes from ice or month later, they launched Sputnik II,
snow blocks, called igloos, and travelled carrying aboard the first space traveller,
about on sledges. (IV) However, today a dog called Laika. (IV) They also put the
most Eskimos live in normal houses and first man into space, cosmonaut Yuri
travel by car or aeroplane. (V) Perhaps Gagarin, who completed an orbit of the
because of this more regular and settled Earth in 1961. (V) The Soviet Union
existence, their population has doubled continued to take the lead in space
over the past twenty-five years. exploration with projects such as these,
until 1967, when the United States
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V began its programme of landing a man
on the Moon.
8- (I) With the Renaissance came a revival
of interest in the art of cooking. (II) One A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
of the reasons for this was the invention
of the fork, which made sophisticated 11- (I) Rossini was a nineteenth century
dishes, unsuited for eating by hand, composer, whose work consists almost
possible. (III) During the Dark Ages, the exclusively of operas. (II) These include
art of cooking had declined in Europe. the well-known William Tell and The
(IV) However, people in Elizabethan Barber of Seville. (III) William Tell was
England scorned the fork, preferring to adapted from the Swiss folk tale about
continue using their hands. (V) Thus, the the legendary hero. (IV) Although the
developments in the culinary arts only critics admired these works, he was
took effect in England at a later date. considered a noisy composer in his day,
and earned the nickname 'Signer
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V Crescendo'. (V) Nevertheless, he was
very successful, made a fortune, and
9- (I) Conscription, or compulsory military virtually retired at the age of thirty-seven.
service, was introduced in revolutionary
France in 1793 and made law in 1798. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
(II) Under these laws, every citizen was
liable for five years' service. (III) As a 12- (I) If you are interested in visiting
result, France was able to raise Southern Africa but can't afford it,
enormous armies. (IV) Britain ended Graham Rankin recommends looking for
conscription in 1960, and now the work at the hotels near Maun in the
military is composed entirely of Okavango Swamps of Botswana. (II)
volunteers. (V) Thus, other European The tourist season here begins in early
nations were forced to introduce May. (III) At this time of the year, a
conscription in response. number of companies arrange expensive
tourist safaris in the swamps. (IV) Work
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V in the fields, though, can be exhausting
in the heat of the African summer. (V)
Then, there's always the possibility of a
visitor offering you a free place on a
safari.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
2
13- (I) The public has long been aware that 16- (I) Addiction is an entirely different, and
sporting contests have commercial far more powerful, phenomenon than is
value. (II) Until 1981, however, it habit. (II) The most effective form of
probably was not aware of the extent to treatment for addiction to heroin and
which athletics had really become an other narcotics is the synthetic narcotic
industry. (III) That year a seven-week drug methadone. (III) The drug itself is
strike called by the Major League extremely addictive. (IV) But, when it is .
Baseball Players Association forced the given to heroin addicts on a daily basis,
cancellation of 713 regular games. (IV) it prevents withdrawal syndrome and
This led to loss of player salaries and suppresses the drug hunger for heroin.
television revenues. (V) It's because (V) The addict is then gradually weaned
direct corporate sponsorship makes the from the methadone addiction.
company name known to television
viewers. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 17- (I) Less than an hour's drive north of

Manhattan lies one of urban America's
14- (I) The history of manned space flight best kept secrets: the Sterling Forest. (II)
has been marred by a number of tragic Several hundred years ago, the entire
accidents involving the early spacecraft. East Coast was made up of forest. (III)
(II) They were comparatively small, The forest not only shelters wildlife, but
weighing only a few kilograms, and also supplies clean drinking water to
performed no useful scientific northern New Jersey. (IV) Hikers can
experiments. (III) Nevertheless, they climb a fire tower and see New York
served as proof that mankind had the from this rural wonderland. (V) It is truly
means to place objects in the sky, remarkable to find such a refuge so
outside the Earth's atmosphere, and to close to one of the most densely
keep them there. (IV) There are now a populated cities in the country.
considerable number of artificial
satellites at distances varying between A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
several hundred and several thousand
kilometres above the surface of the 18- (I) Throughout the past few centuries,
Earth. (V) They have become highly there have been reports of space
sophisticated, and perform functions vehicles which have visited our Earth
from weather forecasting to home from an alien planet. (II) These reports of
entertainment. Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs)
attracted a great deal of public interest.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V (III) The unaided human eye, therefore,
might have been tricked to the point of
15- (I) One of the greatest mysteries of hallucination. (IV) So persistent were
nature is the instinct to migrate. (II) these reports that in the 1960s, the USA
Every year millions of creatures feel the set up a committee to investigate them.
need to move for one reason or another. (V) The committee came to the startling
(III) People who migrate from place to conclusion that UFOs were genuine,
place looking for water sources and though they could not explain what they
pasture for their animals are called were or where they came from.
nomads. (IV) Many of these creatures
succeed in navigating, or finding their A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
way, over long distances. (V) How
exactly they manage to do this remains a
mystery, but it is interesting to note that
when a small bar magnet is attached to
a pigeon, it is unable to navigate.
3
19- (I) Currently the world produces 22- (I) As a writer, Emile Zola waged two
sufficient food to feed itself surprisingly great battles. (II) One was the long
well. (II) In the 1960s, the worst of the struggle for the acceptance of his
food crisis was in India and Pakistan. (III) powerful novels, and the other the
The problem is in getting it distributed courageous defense of Captain Alfred
fairly. (IV) Developing nations are poor Dreyfus in the political-military scandal
and lack purchasing power. (V) that divided France. (III) Slowly the truth
Furthermore, even if they were able to of the case began to emerge, and it met
import the food they need, because of the furious opposition of those who
the huge gaps between people's wanted the case kept closed. (IV) Zola
incomes, they wouldn't be able to won both fights. (V) The critics and the
distribute it fairly. public both realised that his novels were
serious studies of mankind, and Dreyfus
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V was eventually exonerated.
20- (I) The Crimean war was fought between A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

France and Britain on the one side, and
Imperial Russia on the other. (II) The 23- (I) Wood has been the most commonly
former two nations were opposed to used material for furniture since
Russian expansion towards the antiquity. (II) There are ample reasons
Mediterranean Sea. (III) The war was for this. (III) Perhaps most important is
fought on the Crimean peninsula on the that wood can be easily shaped both by
Black Sea. (IV) Apart from Russia, many hand and by power tools. (IV) It is
other countries, including Turkey, relatively light and durable, and many
Bulgaria, Romania and the Ukraine types are handsomely figured and
bordered the Black Sea. (V) Hostilities grained. (V) Yet, steel and concrete are
started in 1854 and ended in 1856 with a the predominant materials used to
victory for France and England. construct high buildings and long-span
bridges.
21- (I) Many improvements in mapping
coverage during the 20th century have 24- (I) Pain, stiffness and swelling in the
been made through international joints are the main symptoms of arthritis.
cooperation. (II) Mapmakers of long ago (II) The onset is usually gradual, and the
drew pictures on maps to show where symptoms are worse first thing in the
things were located. (III) For example, to morning. (III) These improve with
show a village they might have drawn exercise of the joint. (IV) Two main
houses, a castle, a church and other functions of the joints are that they give
buildings on the map. (IV) Their maps support, and they allow movement
were beautiful and easy to understand, where it is needed. (V) The symptoms
but the drawings were often so large that are generally worse in the hands, knees,
the map became cluttered and hips and spine.
inaccurate. (V) Today, symbols are used
instead of drawings. A town is marked by A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
a dot or circle rather than by pictures of
buildings. 25- (I) The usual way to have your distant
vision tested is to stand twenty feet from
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V a chart of different-sized letters. (II) For
children or people who cannot read,
charts with pictures are usually available.
(III) A visual test can also be done with
an instrument set up to simulate the
same distance. (IV) Similarly, there are
ways to test hearing over a distance. (V)
Near vision is tested by having people
read standard-sized type at a closer
distance.
4
26- (I) The Ryder Cup is the trophy awarded 29- (I) I had seen a battle on the television
in biennial matches between men's that was being fought in a tropical
professional golf teams of the United rainforest, (II) I had never believed that
States and Europe. (II) The governing the quiet streets I knew so well could
body of golf in the United States is the change into a battlefield, (III) But now
United States Professional Golfers' those formerly neutral streets were
Association, which was founded in 1894. suddenly filled with a spirit of revenge
(III) The cup was donated in 1927 by and tension. (IV) I could never
British seed merchant Samuel Ryder, understand how the fighters themselves,
who had started playing golf at the age whatever side they were on, could take
of 50. (IV) Made of 14-carat gold on a aim and fire in these streets. (V) Were
wooden base, the cup stands 16 inches they all drugged like the leader of the
high and weighs 4 pounds. (V) The gang, Ahmad?
figure at the top of the trophy is modelled
on Ryder's coach, British professional A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
golfer, Abe Mitchell.
30- (I) Queen Christina brought foreign
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V scholars to the palace, among whom
was the philosopher Rene Descartes. (II)
27- (I) The urge to travel is as old as She demanded that Descartes came to
civilization. (II) However, due to the huge instruct her at 5.00 a.m. three days a
amounts of money required, worldwide week, which he did, even though he was
travel is mostly enjoyed by the citizens of a late-riser. (III) Christina, on the other
developed countries. (III) The great hand, rarely got out of bed before noon,
historian Herodotus roamed the ancient and often slept through lunch. (IV) She
world, examining the customs of many questioned him about the interplay
lands before writing his famous 'History'. between science and religion. (V) He
(IV) Hundreds of years later, a young tried to persuade her that all animals
man from Venice named Marco Polo set were mechanisms and she responded
out with his father for China, and his that she had never seen a watch give
writings opened the Far East to birth.
Europeans of his time. (V) About the
same time Ibn Battutah, an Islamic A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
scholar, travelled about 75,000 miles
and recorded his wanderings in the 31- (I) In 1901, Marconi achieved a dramatic
widely-read 'Rihlah', meaning Travels'. success when he transmitted signals
across the Atlantic Ocean by wireless.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V (II) Other scientists had thought this
impossible, believing that radio waves
28- (I) Tennis elbow is an inflammation of traveled only in straight lines. (III) At first,
the outside of the elbow caused by radio was called "wireless" because it
overstressing the joint, as in playing could transmit signals without wire
tenis. (II) This can also be caused by circuits. (IV) Marconi, however, thought
using the arm for unaccustomed that the long waves he used would follow
activities, such as sawing, chopping or the curves of the Earth. (V) This was
hammering. (III) When a ball strikes a proved when, on December 12th, 1901,
fingertip, severe pain occurs he received signals in St. John's,
immediately. (IV) The basic problem is Newfoundland, sent from a transmitter in
that the forearm cannot stand the Poldhu at the southwestern tip of
abnormal strain. (V) Each impact is England.
absorbed by the elbow and may create
inflammation. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
5
32- (I) The petrochemical industry has given 35- (I) Gourmet chefs complain that multi-
us a number of synthetic materials to national companies have steadily
help us in our household chores. (II) reduced the world's varieties of foods.
Natural sponges from the sea have (II) For example, in India at the turn of
actually been used since prehistoric the century there were 30,000 varieties
times, when people who lived along the of rice. (III) Now there are only twelve.
seashore traded them for food and forest (IV) It must also be remembered that
products from inland. (III) The ancient India was a British colony at the time. (V)
Greeks used them for scrubbing floors, Consumers are partly responsible, as
and for padding their armour. (IV) In they want convenience, speed and lower
Roman times, sponges were used as prices, and so often play into the hands
mops, and also as paint brushes. (V) of the multi-nationals.
Today the natural sponge is probably
more useful than ever, being used for A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
everything from washing cars to applying
face cream. 36- (I) At one time, the heirs to the throne of
Ethiopia were confined to mountain tops
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V that were nearly inaccessible, (II) The
mountains of Ethiopia used to be some
33- (I) The variety of home appliances has of the most spectacular in the world. (III)
greatly increased during the 20th This was to keep them from challenging
century. (II) Originally only a few simple their father or quarrelling with one
utensils, such as pots and pans, stoves, another. (IV) Everything they wanted
cutlery and ice boxes were found in the was provided, except freedom. (V) When
home. (III) Home appliances were the king died, one of them was selected
designed to ease the work load in the as his successor.
home after the disappearance of
domestic servants. (IV) They were wage- A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
earners, who were often accommodated
in the house and allowed to go out only 37- (I) The interior of the sun is like a
on their off days. (V) Many, like vacuum hydrogen bomb of enormous size. (II) In
cleaners, were developed for their it, hydrogen is changed into another gas
labour-saving capabilities, while others called helium. (III) Hydrogen was once
were devised for their convenience. used in the great zeppelins, but as it was
flammable and dangerous, it was later
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V replaced by helium. (IV) As this change
takes place, some matter is converted
34- (I) When full-scale civil war broke out in into energy, which radiates out into
Bosnia, even the experts seemed taken space. (V) Some of this energy reaches
by surprise. (II) The capital, Sarajevo, the earth in the form of heat, as you can
was best known to most people as the discover for yourselves if you lie on the
place where the Winter Olympics had beach on a hot summer's day.
been held. (III) It was seen as only
another of the fifty or more wars taking A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
place in another obscure and backward
part of the world. (IV) Reporters tended 38- (I) Carbon is one of the most important
to call it either an "uprising" or a "revolt". and valuable elements. (II) Pure carbon
(V) These were their patronising terms exists as diamonds and also as graphite,
for a war of no importance. the "black lead" in pencils. (III) Minerals
such as limestone contain carbon, as do
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V fuels such as coal and oil. (IV) Oil is a
form of petroleum, which is found
underground between layers of rock. (V)
A radioactive form of carbon, carbon-14,
helps archaeologists determine the age
of their findings.
6
39- (I) The term “social mobility” refers to 42- (I) Most people today think of Nike as a
movement up or down the socio- brand of sportswear. (II) However, the
economic ladder. (II) Social mobility can original Nike was known as the Greek
be measured by comparing an goddess of victory. (III) Another Greek
Individual's position to that of his or her goddess, Iris, represented the rainbow.
parents, or by measuring the degree of (IV) In legend, Nike was the daughter of
success or failure experienced in a Pallas and Styx, and she was generally
lifetime. (III) Children who attend portrayed as a winged goddess, (V)
expensive private schools generally There is a sculpture representing her as
have a better chance of success in life. such in the Louvre, in Paris.
(IV) Those who improve their living
conditions are said to display upward A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
mobility, for example, a college professor
whose father was an auto mechanic. (V) 43- (I) There are lot of natural solutions to
Those who do not live as well as their environmental problems. (II) High-tech
parents did are said to display downward methods are always the best. (III) For
mobility, for example, a cleaner whose example, a farmer can grow rape seed in
mother was a doctor. his fields and then make his own fuel by
extracting the oil with a cheap press. (IV)
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V After this extraction, the waste stalks and
husks can be piled up, and microbes can
40- (I) Many people dispute the claim that be used to do the clean-up work, an old
Columbus discovered America and insist practice in Germany and other countries.
that that was done by a Viking explorer. (V) This process, known as composting,
(II) Before the discovery of America, can convert organic wastes into fertilizer.
there was a kind of insect that lived in
the mountainous regions of the United A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
States. (III) It fed on several different
kinds of plants. (IV) When Europeans 44- (I) Radical change in Japan's modern
started planting crops, however, it history has come about only twice. (II)
changed its eating habits and began to The first was in 1853, when Commodore
live on the potato plant. (V) It is called Matthew Perry sailed his "Black Ships"
the Colorado potato beetle because it into Tokyo Harbour and forced the
was first noticed there. country to abandon 250 years of
isolation. (III) The second upheaval
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V came about with the country's defeat in
World War II. (IV) The policy of Isolation
41- (I) Electric cars are often thought to be a followed by the Chinese government led
new development, but there were to similar sudden and traumatic
battery-powered cars as early as 1898. changes. (V) In both cases, Japan would
(II) By the early 1900s, there were have been far better off, had it been able
hundreds of electric cars and trucks on to change before being compelled to do
the roads of New York, Paris and so.
London. (III) Though a solar-powered car
has crossed Australia, it is not yet big or A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
powerful enough to be practical. (IV)
However, no electric car of the day could
compete with the petrol engine for
speed, acceleration, and most important
of all, range. (V) The best of the electric
vehicles could manage little more than
96 kilometres before its battery had to be
recharged, and its top speed was no
more than 48 kph.
7
45- (I) The Wampanoag are a tribe of 48- (I) Man's first true flight was achieved in
Indians who originally inhabited 30 a hot-air balloon, (II) The balloon was
villages around Narragansett Bay. (II) built in 1783 by two Frenchmen. (III) The
Their chief at the time, Massasoit, first flight by a motor-driven aircraft was
welcomed the British and remained at by Orville Wright in 1904. (IV) Recently,
peace with them until his death in 1661. balloons have begun to fascinate people
(III) Because of the tribe's suffering, again. (V) In March, 1999, a British pilot
including epidemics of disease, however, named Brian Jones, and a Swiss doctor
his son waged a war against the settlers, named Bertrand Piccard completed the
which resulted in the virtual first round-the-world trip in a balloon.
extermination of his tribe. (IV)
Nevertheless, one village has retained A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
its identity until the present day. (V)
Similarly, the Picunche of South America 49- (I) The man credited with developing the
are now extinct as an ethnic population, first vaccine to fight against the crippling
having been absorbed into Spanish disease polio is the American doctor
colonial society. Jonas Salk. (II) He and his co-workers
first tested a polio vaccine against an
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V inactive polio virus in 1952. (III) In 1954,
field tests were conducted . on a large
46- (I) Airways are bands of airspace 16 scale. (IV) Consequently, a number of
kilometres wide, along which commercial once deadly diseases have been
aircraft are separated from each other by conquered since the introduction of
air traffic controllers on the ground. (II) In vaccination. (V) In the end, Salk's
the 1980s, American air traffic controllers vaccine proved the best, and was used
attempted a strike, which resulted in the without further problems.
strikers losing their jobs. (III) On busy
airways, such as those in western A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
Europe, this separation is achieved
using radar, which gives the controller a 50- (I) A frog which lives deep in the Amazon
picture of all the aircraft in his area. (IV) rain forest secretes a mucus used by
With newer systems, the flight number Indians, who believe that it makes them
and altitude of the aircraft are also better hunters. (II) Early findings
displayed. (V) The controller is also in illustrate that hunting is one of the oldest
communication with his military and most traditional activities known to
counterpart to arrange clearance for man. (III) When a hunter wishes to use
military aircraft to cross the civilian this "frog magic", another man burns the
airways clear of other craft. hunter's skin with a hot twig, mixes saliva
with the mucus, and applies it to the
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V burn. (IV) After this, the hunter becomes
violently ill, then falls into an agitated
47- (I) The Earth, together with its satellite, sleep, only to wake up the next day
the Moon, moves around the Sun at the eager to hunt. (V) Scientists are
rate of one complete circuit every 365 1 interested in this ancient custom as they
/4 days. (II) It is because this period of believe that the mucus may contain a
rotation is not exactly 365 days that substance able to help treat some brain
every four years we need to have a leap diseases.
year of 366 days. (III) The Muslim world
uses a lunar calendar for its religious A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
festivals, which means they come about
ten days earlier each year. (IV) The
Earth also spins around on its axis,
making one complete revolution every
24 hours. (V) This spinning causes our
days and nights: half the Earth faces the
Sun and receives daylight while the
other half faces away and is in darkness.
8
51- (I) Walia Ibex roam the steep slopes of 54- (I) No one really knows how many stars
Ethiopia's rugged mountains, (II) there are in the universe, but
Legends trace their ancestry to the Near astronomers calculate that there must be
East, the species having migrated to the about 100,000 million of them in our own
African continent thousands of years galaxy, (II) în the universe as a whole,
ago. (III) Therefore, most of the people there may be as many as 10,000 million
of Ethiopia migrated to Africa from galaxies. (III) On this gigantic scale, the
Southern Arabia over a thousand years Earth is about as significant as a single
ago. (IV) Today, a small population grain of sand. (IV) Of course, no one
survives perilously on a mountain range really knows how many grains of sand
surrounded by villages. (V) Despite there may be on a single beach. (V) This
protection within this area, which is a illustrates just how immense is the task
national park, agricultural intrusion and of exploring even the merest fraction of
illegal hunting continue to threaten the outer space.
Walia Ibex.
55- (I) During the 19th century, factories in
52- (I) Deep in rural Dorset, on the edge of Manchester spun raw Indian cotton into
the Blackmoor Vale, stands Bulbarrow cloth, then shipped it back to be sold in
Hill. (II) Under its old name of Wessex, Indian bazaars. (II) Today Indian writers
Dorset forms the setting of most writings spin masterpieces from Britain's great
of Thomas Hardy, a great Victorian era export — the English language — and
novelist. (III) It is a long walk to the top, sell them to the West. (III) .English is
but worth it, particularly on a sunny May often the only common language shared
morning when the English countryside by people from different parts of the
takes on the sumptuous colours and world. (IV) One such masterpiece.
vivid clarity of spring. (IV) From the Vikrem Seth's "A Suitable Boy", which is
summit, the whole of Britain seems to said to be the longest English language
unfold before you as nothing but soft hills novel of the century, brought him a $1
and small fields stretch away to a distant million advance from his Indian, British
horizon. (V) It is a scene of rare beauty, and American publishers. (V) Another
and it is getting rarer. example, the $1 million advance
Arundhati Roy received for "The God of
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V Small Things" is thought to be the largest
advance awarded a first-time novelist.
53- (I) Offshore areas considered part of
South America include Easter Island, the A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
Falkland Islands, the Galapagos Islands,
and Tierra del Fuego. (II) In 1965, the 56- (I) Television means literally "seeing at a
English scientist Sir Edward Bullard used distance". (II) Pictures and sound from
a computer to test the fit of Africa to all over the world can be seen and heard
South America. (III) He found that at a on a small screen in your own home. (III)
depth of 2000 metres, the fit was very There are far more channels today than
close indeed. (IV) This is not the only anyone dreamed of just a few years ago.
evidence to suggest that Africa was once (IV) This is achieved by translating
joined to South America. (V) For picture and sound information into ultra
example, there is also a belt of ancient high frequency waves. (V) These can be
rocks along the coast of Brazil which transmitted, like radio, then re-translated
corresponds with the rocks across the into picture and sound through an
South Atlantic in West Africa. electronic gadget: the television set.
9
57- (I) In England in the 1800s, coal was 60- (I) For two millennia, Jerusalem and the
found conveniently close to deposits of Holy Land have been a focus for
iron ore. (II) This made it comparatively pilgrimage and conflict. (II) Abraham,
easy and cheap to make large quantities one of the earliest Hebrew prophets,
of iron, burning the coal to melt down the actually came from what is today
ores. (III) Today matters are seldom so southern Turkey. (III) There have been
easy. (IV) The huge miners strikes of the many masters — Roman, Turkish,
1980s came close to turning into a civil Egyptian, British and Jewish — and
war. (V) Mining companies now have to many religions have held sway over the
spe'nd a lot of money prospecting in land. (IV) Jerusalem was considered by
inaccessible places. many as the centre of the world, and its
history is that of many cultures and
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V countries. (V) Today it is no less
venerated, and no less fought over, than
58- (I) Anti-war activists often target the big in any other period of its history.
chemical producers for producing
weapons like napalm. (II) For the big A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
chemical companies making widely used
chemicals, the main resource required is 61- (I) The Orient Express was one of the
money committed to the company for an most elegant trains of all time, (II) At its
indefinite period. (III) This is why we call peak, the blue and gold carriages had
such an industry "capital intensive": it interiors that could have been from
takes a lot of capital, or money, to build Victorian manor houses. (III.) Ingrid
one of the huge plants required. (IV) Bergman received her third 'Oscar' for
They are so expensive to build that they her role in 'Murder on the Orient
have to be kept going 24 hours a day for Express'. (IV) Crystal chandeliers
365 days a year. (V) That's why big illuminated luxury dining cars. (V) Among
chemical plants are likened to big the royal passengers were the kings of
cooking pots kept permanently bubbling. Bulgaria and Hungary, who used the
train to travel to Queen Victoria's funeral
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V in 1901.
59- (I) Some companies have been able to A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

grow big because of the "franchise
system". (II) These companies find 62- (I) The Romans developed a civilisation
people who wish to operate, for that formed the basis for modern
example, a hotel or restaurant, and sell Western civilisation, (II) The ancient
them the right to use the name of their Greek and Roman civilisations first
larger company, (III) The individuals run formalised early forms of drama. (III)
their businesses according to set Greek theatres were open to the sky and
procedures written up in a big manual. set into hillsides. (IV) The audience, up
(IV) It can be very risky to start a new to 16,000 sometimes, came from all
business on your own in this economic sections of the community and were
depression. (V) They know that admitted free. (V) Actors wore ornate
businesses managed according to these costumes and masks which enabled
procedures tend to be successful them to play several parts in one play.
because they benefit from advertising on
a scale they could not afford themselves. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
10
63- (I) Moving film does not in fact move at 66- (I) So called "black holes" are still one of
all. (II) It is made up of a series of still the great secrets of the universe. (II) The
pictures, each one minutely different sun's family is also packed with moons,
from its predecessor. (III) When these more than five dozen of them. (III)
are projected onto a screen at a rate of Increasingly, astronomers are
24 pictures every second, they give the appreciating that these moons may be
impression of movement. (IV) Hollywood far more remarkable than the planets
would never have become famous had it they orbit. (IV) Unlike most of the
not been for the film industry. (V) A cine planets, the moons have oceans,
camera, therefore, is simply an ordinary continents, and even active volcanoes.
camera adapted to take 24 pictures a (V) And now, it seems, a moon may be
second instead of one at a time. the best place yet to look for the most
remarkable thing of all: extraterritorial
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V life.
64- (I) However developed they are, all A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

countries depend on one another to a
greater or lesser extent and in different 67- (I) An argument often advanced on
ways, (II) Some" are rich in basic behalf of special classes for gifted
commodities like ores for iron, copper, children Is that these children are held
lead, zinc and tin. (III) Others produce back in classes designed for the average
foodstuffs like sugar, coffee or tea. (IV) child. (II) It is even thought that their
Most of these countries were colonised intellectual growth may be permanently
by European powers from the 17th hindered, (III) There can be little doubt
through the early 20th centuries. (V) that special classes for the gifted can
Therefore, they export the commodities help them graduate earlier and take their
they have and import the manufactured place in life sooner. (IV) Mentally-
goods they want. retarded children also need special
teaching and other support to help them
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V leam and prepare for adulthood. (V) On
the other hand, to take these students
65- (I) Five years ago, a little- out of the regular classroom may create
knowncraftsman from the dusty back serious problems for them and for
streets of southern China's Guangzhou society.
city caught the world of classical
musicians off guard, (II) Zhu Min-jiang A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
was awarded a gold medal from the
prestigious Violin Society of America for 68- (I) Though foreigners are fascinated by
an instrument sculpted by hand in the the cultural aspects of suicide in Japan,
tradition of Italian masters of the 17th the adult suicide rate is actually lower
century, (III) The proportions Antonio than in many countries. (II) Many child
Stradivarius set for the violin are suicides are reported in Japan each
followed by most contemporary violin year. (III) Some of them are even
makers, but his violins have never been elementary school children. (IV)
surpassed. (IV) This success took music Research shows that most students who
critics by complete surprise. (V) For, committed suicide were very calm,
although China was one of the world's gentle, silent students. (V) In many
biggest exporters of violins, its cases, the reason for suicide seems to
instruments were notorious for their be linked to bullying of the victim by his
Inferiority, and sold by the truckload or her peers.
primarily because they were cheap.
11
69- (I) When people eat more fat, sugar, 72- (I) Parkinson's disease causes slow
starch and protein than they need for deterioration of the nerves' ability to
fuel, the extra is converted into fat and control the muscles. (II) It usually starts
stored under the skin. (II) Women in with small tremors, then progresses to a
many cultures worry about being too fat, strange walk and increasing weakness.
while in others it is actually considered (III) Alzheimer's disease, likewise, affects
attractive. (III) When they are eating too the memory. (IV) In 1997, researchers
little to keep their body nourished, they identified a long-sought gene defect that
use up some of their own fat and can cause a form of Parkinson's. (V) But
become thinner. (IV) This "fat pad", the proportion of cases arising from the
which all people have to a greater or defect appears to account for no more
lesser degree, serves as a storehouse of than 10%.
fuel. (V) It also helps, like a blanket, to
keep a person warm. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 73- (I) Of all the weapons used by ground

forces in modern warfare, tanks are
70- (I) Human beings are inherently risk- probably the most formidable. (II) The
taking creatures. (II) Most of our tank, a British invention, first appeared
prehistoric, and even our historic, past on the battlefields of France during the
was filled with danger and uncertainty. First World War of 1914 to 1918. (III) It
(III) The people who survived were those was intended to clear enemy trenches
who thrived on risks. (IV) Thus, with the and help protect advancing infantry. (IV)
technology available today, most people It was also in World War 1 that airplanes
seem to have lost this characteristic. (V) made their first appearance in war. (V)
This is probably why in today's relatively These early tanks were slow,
safe world, people are developing such cumbersome, and armed with only light
risky sports as bungee jumping and machine guns, although their sudden
hang-gliding. appearance demoralised the Germans.
71- (I) In theory, no on can see a Tomahawk 74- (I) Charles Babbage, a British
Missile coming; in theory again, they are mathematician, designed a machine in
armed, dangerous and smart. (II) Their 1812 to calculate in decimal numbers
course is guided by global positioning which he called a "difference engine". (II)
satellite systems that can pin-point any By this time another delicate instrument,
moving object with an accuracy of 10 the maritime chronometer, had already
metres, (III) In practice, however, they been perfected. (III) The mechanical
are not 100% reliable. (IV) During the construction was so delicate that he had
Persian Gulf War, of the 297 to train workmen and design special
Tomahawks launched by US forces, nine tools to build the gears required. (IV)
never left the launch tubes, six fell Unfortunately, because of a dispute, the
straight into the sea, and at least two machine was abandoned in 1842. (V)
were shot down. (V) An amazing array of Babbage, however, went on to produce
complex technology was brought into improved designs, and the last one,
play at the start of the Persian Gulf War which he called an "analytical machine",
to assure a devastating air attack. was the ancestor of today's computers.
12
75- (I) Blown out to sea by a hurricane, 15 78- (I) In the early 1900s, an American
iguanas survived the seas between two engineer named Henry Ford founded a
islands in the Caribbean. (II) There have motor manufacturing company in Detroit.
been severe disasters caused by the (II) Today, Detroit is still known as the
hurricanes in the Caribbean. (III) A tree centre of motor manufacturing. (III) His
branch was all they had for a life raft. aim was to produce a light, last car at the
(IV) They were only trying to survive, but lowest possible price. (IV) Ford realised
scientists have found their journey that to achieve this, his vehicle would
interesting. (V) Researchers say that the have to be produced quickly and in large
iguanas' cruise shows that land animals numbers. (V) Thus, he developed the
can migrate between islands through idea of mass production.
accidental voyages.
79- (I) The Gulf Stream, an ocean current in
76- (I) Since their introduction in schools in the Atlantic, has been called 'a river in
the early 1980s, computers and the sea'. (II) The Atlantic Ocean,
computer software have been however, can be divided into five water
increasingly accessible to students and layers, each of which supports a different
teachers. (II) They are present in type of marine life. (III) This is on
classrooms, computer labs, and school account of its size and the speed of its
libraries. (III) By the mid-1990s there flow. (IV) As an example, it carries out
were about 4.5 million computers in from the Gulf of Mexico at least 14 times
elementary and secondary schools as much water as is brought in by the
throughout the United States. (IV) giant Mississippi. (V) Not surprisingly, it
Today, on average, students spend an is one of the largest and best known of
hour per week using school computers. all ocean currents in the world.
(V) Thanks to recent software, even a
typical personal-computer can execute A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
complicated graphics programs.
80- (I) Venice declined in importance as a
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V political power in the 1600s, but has
remained a charming city, (II) The Rialto,
77- (I) From the earliest days of television, the famous Renaissance bridge
teachers have looked for ways of using spanning the Grand Canal in Venice,
this seemingly marvellous educational was completed in 1591. (III) Antonio da
instrument. (II) However, they have not Ponte's design consists of a single
been outstandingly successful. (III) It marble arch which is 24 feet high, with a
can't be denied that many television 90-foot span and includes arcades
companies have devoted much time and containing shops. (IV) During its
thought to creating suitable programs for construction, 6,000 wooden stakes were
children. (IV) A lot of children benefit driven to a depth of 11ft to support this
from television so much that they can heavy marble arch in the soft Venetian
read and write before Ihcy start school. soil. (V) The structure's name, the Rialto,
(V) But still their programs, while was the original name of the area, the
containing much interesting material, are oldest quarter of Venice, where the
of little educational value. bridge is located.
13
81- (I) William Wordsworth was an English 84- (I) The name Alexei Pyeshkov probably
poet and a leading figure of the English wouldn't mean much to most people. (II)
Romantic movement in literature. (II) However, this was the real name of the
This movement was characterised by an famous Russian writer, Maxirn Gorky.
emphasis on the individual, his emotions (III) From 1932 until 1990 the city of
and imagination, and on the natural Nizhny Novgorod was called Gorky, after
world. (III) Keats and Shelley are two the writer Maksim Gorky, who was born
other important English poets of the there. (IV) His assumed name means
Romantic era. (IV) Following this style most bitter, which seems somehow
closely, Wordsworth himself took the suitable for the man who wrote with such
unspoilt beauty of nature as his principal realism about the extreme hardships of
theme and inspiration. (V) Yet, one of his his early life. (V) Despite his harsh
best-known poems is the sonnet subject matter, (here is always a faith in
Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, man and his future evident in Gorky's
the bridge being situated in very work.
unnatural surroundings, the centre of
London. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 85- (I) Though the Spaniards subdued and

pacified the Indians from North America
82- (I) Porcelain is a form of pottery which is to Peru, the Araucanians continued to
arguably the best, and definitely the resist for three centuries, (II) It was not
most expensive chinaware available. (II) until after Chile achieved independence
It is translucent, which means a strong that they surrendered to the government.
light shining near the plate can be seen (III) Today, in the southern districts,
through it. (III) The techniques for there remain only about 50,000
making porcelain were developed in Araucanians. (IV) People of pure
China, where it was first made 3000 Spanish descent total about 25 percent,
years ago. (IV) Consequently, the while 66 percent are mestizo, a mixture
world's most famous porcelain factories of Spanish and native Indian. (V) Most of
are Spode and Wedgewood in England, them are now Christian, but they are
Limoges in France, and Meissen in strongly attached to their old traditions.
Germany. (V) By AD 700, this art had
reached perfection there, although the A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
techniques did not reach Europe until
about AD 1500. 86- (I) Though Rasmus Rask was born to an
uneducated peasant family in Denmark,
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V he became a well-known scholar. II)
They owned a very small piece of land
83- (I) As long ago as the sixteenth century, on which they grew mainly potatoes. (III)
it was known that light had a peculiar His talent lay in languages as he
action on silver chloride. (II) It was also mastered several languages, including
known that a small hole pierced in the Icelandic, before he finished middle
darkened window of a room would admit school. (IV) Upon finishing middle
rays of light to reproduce on a screen the school, he travelled widely and gained
views outside. (III) There are two main firsthand experience of the more than 30
types of colour photography. (IV) The languages he spoke fluently. (V) One of
camera is a combination of these two the three most important linguists of his
principles. (V) W.H. Fox Talbot, Louis age, Rask wrote grammars of Icelandic,
Daguerre and Joseph Niepce were three Anglo-Saxon, Frisian, Danish and Old
men who played an important part in its Norse.
development during the nineteenth
century. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
14
87- (I) The world's biggest land animal, the 90- (I) The first forms of life on the Earth
elephant, evolved from the mammoth, grew in the sea, and, although today
which appeared millions of years ago. many plants and animals are able to live
(II) The only survivor of a more primitive on land, they still need water. (II) The
species, they once roamed in great single most important substance in the
herds over the whole of the northern human body and about two-thirds of the
hemisphere. (III) Aiding this research, weight of it is water. (III) The other half is
well preserved fossils have been found composed of a large variety of metals
in Alaska and Siberia. (IV) They were as and other minerals. (IV) Thus, if you
large as most dinosaurs: CV) The weigh 75 kilos, then about 50 kilos of
mammoth became extinct at the end of your weight is the water in your body. (V)
the Ice Age, and its only descendants, It is essential for life and you could not
modern elephants, settled in Africa and live for more than three or four days
Asia. without it.
88- (I) One of the most useful materials in 91- (I) The usual way to have your distant
the world today is cement. (II) Portland vision tested is to stand twenty feet from
cement, the kind which is used for a chart of different-sized letters, (II) For
making concrete, is manufactured from children or people who cannot read,
limestone, (III) First of all, the limestone charts with pictures are usually available,
is quarried and ground to a fine powder. (III) A visual test can also be done with
(IV) In some places, farmers try to an instrument set up to simulate the
reduce the acidity of the soil by applying same distance. (IV) Similarly, there are
limestone to their fields. (V) After that, it ways to test hearing over a distance. (V)
is mixed with powdered clay, baked in a Near vision is tested by having people
huge oven, then ground into the powder read standard-sized type at a closer
we are familiar with. distance.
89- (I) The prehistoric monument known as 92- (I) The Ryder Cup is the trophy awarded
Stonehenge is situated on Salisbury in biennial matches between men's
Plain, north of Salisbury, England, and professional golf teams of the United
dates from the late Stone Age. (II) The States and Europe. (II) The governing
monument itself consists of four body of golf in the United States is the
concentric ranges of stones. (III) United States Professional Golfers'
Grouped around the main structure are a Association, which was founded in 1894.
number of barrows, some of which (III) The cup was donated in 1927 by
contain chips of a blue stone similar to British seed merchant Samuel Ryder,
that found in the concentric ranges. (IV) who had started playing golf at the age
The purpose of this structure was a of 50. (IV) Made of 14-carat gold on a
mystery for ages until an American wooden base, the cup stands 16 inches
astronomer determined that it could have high and weighs 4 pounds. (V) The
been used to predict the positions of the figure at the top of the trophy is modelled
sun and the moon, and thus serve as a on Ryder's coach, British professional
sort of calendar. (V) The early Romans golfer, Abe Mitchell.
also used a calendar that was based on
the moon, but the year in this calendar A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
was 355 days long.
15
93- (I) The urge to travel is as old as 96- (I) Queen Christina brought foreign
civilization. (II) However, due to the huge scholars to the palace, among whom
amounts of money required, worldwide was the philosopher Rene Descartes. (II)
travel is mostly enjoyed by the citizens of She demanded that Descartes came to
developed countries, (III) The great instruct her at 5.00 a.m. three days a
historian Herodotus roamed the ancient week, which he did, even though he was
world, examining the customs of many a late-riser, (III) Christina, on the other
lands before writing his famous 'History'. hand, rarely got out of bed before noon,
(IV) Hundreds of years later, a young and often slept through lunch. (IV) She
man from Venice named Marco Polo set questioned him about the interplay
out with his father for China, and his between science and religion. (V) He
writings opened the Far East to tried to persuade her that all animals
Europeans of his time. (V) About the were mechanisms and she responded
same time Ibn Battutah, an Islamic that she had never seen a watch give
scholar, travelled about 75,000 miles birth.
and recorded his wanderings in the
widely-read 'Rihlah', meaning Travels'. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 97- (I) Rice is thought to have originated in

northern Thailand, where grains dating
94- (I) Tennis elbow is an inflammation of back to 3500 BC were discovered. (II) It
the outside of the elbow caused by reached Europe in the 9th century, and
overstressing the joint, as in playing the Americas In 1694, by way of
tennis, (II) This can also be caused by Madagascar, (III) Today, there are'more
using the arm for unaccustomed than 40,000 varieties of rice produced in
activities, such as sawing, chopping or 95 countries. (IV) In Western countries,
hammering, (III) When a ball strikes a however, rice is used primarily in
fingertip, severe pain occurs breakfast cereals, and as an alternative
immediately. (IV) The basic problem is to potatoes. (V) As it's grown so
that the forearm cannot stand the extensively, it Is no wonder that rice is
abnormal strain. (V) Each impact is the basic component of most meals for
absorbed by the elbow and may create half the population of the world.
inflammation.
98- (I) Fresh coffee stains and most old ones
95- (I) I had seen a battle on the television on washable fabrics can be removed by
that was being fought in a tropical ordinary laundering with soap and water.
rainforest, (II) I had never believed that (II) However, a slight trace sometimes
the quiet streets I knew so well could persists in the case of heavy or old
change into a battlefield, (III) But now stains, (III) Drying the material in the sun
those formerly neutral streets were will often remove these. (IV) If this fails,
suddenly filled with a spirit of revenge a bleaching agent may be used. (V)
and tension. (IV) I could never Some bleaching is done in the home, but
understand how the fighters themselves, the main use of bleach is in industry.
whatever side they were on, could take
aim and fire in these streets. (V) Were A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
they all drugged like the leader of the
gang. Ahmad?
16
99- (I) Radio transmissions are subject to 102- (I) Guam is not a very large island. (II)
interference of various kinds, (II) Radio Yet, one Japanese soldier managed to
waves travel outward in straight lines hide out in its jungles for 27 years
from the transmitting aerial and do not without realising that World War II had
follow the curvature of the Earth. (III) It is ended. (III) Today Guam is best known
often forgotten that the television was in Japan as a holiday destination. (IV)
invented in England long before World During his years there, the resourceful
War II. (IV) When Marconi sent the first Sergeant Yokoi made clothing from tree
radio signal across the north Atlantic, he bark, and used the cycles of the moon
was able to do so only because of an for his calendar. (V) When he returned to
electrical reflecting layer in the Japan in 1972, he still had his old
atmosphere which bounced the radio Imperial Army rifle, and he apologized
waves back to the Earth. (V) This part of for his "shame" in coming back alive.
the upper atmosphere, known as the
ionosphere, is made up of several layers A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
of ionized gases with this property.
103- (I) For a man to gain 1 pound in weight
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V by eating fish, it has been claimed that
1,110 pounds of living matter must die
100- (I) One of the largest airports in the world first. (II) This is because 1,000 pounds of
is the Dallas-Fort Worth complex in plant plankton have to be eaten to
Texas, (II) Moreover, London's Heathrow produce 100 pounds of small creatures
Airport is probably the busiest in the in the sea. (III) In the United States alone
world. (III) Because of the long distances about 36.5 million fishing licences are
that have to be covered by passengers issued each year. (IV) These in turn are
inside the airport, the Americans have eaten to produce 10 pounds offish. (V)
constructed a specially designed This is the amount of fish which a man
transport system called "Airtrans", which would need to eat in order to gain that 1
links the terminals with the various car pound in weight.
parking areas. (IV) The Airtrans vehicles
have rubber-tyred wheels which run A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
along concrete guideways, and the
coaches are all computer controlled. (V) 104- (I) The modem Olympic Games have
The system can transport up to 9000 been held every four years since 1896.
people, along with their baggage, per (II) The first competitive event held in the
hour. ancient Olympian and other Greek
games was the short footrace, or sprint.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V (III) This was run over a single length of
the stadium, a distance of approximately
101- (I) The cheapest way to transport goods 200 metres. (IV) This race was called,
long distances is by sea, but the quickest appropriately, the stade. (V) For the first
is by air. (II) The fastest container ships thirteen Olympiads, the stade was the
in the world have three huge propellers sole athletic event staged in the stadium.
driven by three huge diesel engines. (III)
When they are running at full speed, A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
they gulp 300 tonnes of fuel per day, and
thrust the ship through the seas at a
speed of nearly 55 kph. (IV) If a vessel
meets a similar ship travelling in the
opposite direction, their passing speed is
110 kph. (V) This does not allow much
time for either ship to take avoiding
action if they find themselves on a
collision course.
17
105- (I) The Persians built the first windmills 108- (I) In 1912 Edgar Rice Burroughs sold a
sometime in the 6th or 7th century A.D., story to All Star Magazine about an
for the purpose of powering irrigation infant of English nobility who was
pumps, (II) In some early large irrigation abandoned in Africa and brought up by
projects, mostly in arid and semiarid apes. (II) For this. Burroughs was paid
regions, little attention was paid to the considerable sum of $700 by the
drainage, (III) Evolving over the years, magazine. (III) Although Burroughs had
by the eighteenth century, windmills little difficulty finding magazines to
were commonly used in Europe and publish his numerous sequels, he
America for grain-grinding and irrigation received a number of rejections before
(IV) Along with waterpower, these finding a book publisher. (IV) These
provided the basic energy source for the circumstances drove him to take up
Industrial Revolution. (V) In fact, two writing in order to attempt to support his
centuries ago, nearly every industrial family. (V) In fact, it was only in 1914
process in existence ran on windpower. that his novel Tarzan and the Apes was
finally published.
106- (I) The most obvious threat to the safety
of your home is theft of its contents, (II) 109- (I) The Dutch have always been great
In fact, of all crimes committed today, seafarers — perhaps in part due to the
crimes against property are the most unfavourable geography of the country
common. (III) Needless to say, there are itself. (II) Crowded into a small corner of
many more serious crimes, such as Europe, most of Holland is naturally low,
murder, which take up a great deal of marshy land. (III) Land has been
police time. (IV) However, this does not reclaimed from the sea through the use
have to be the case. (V) Many people of dikes, types of dams, and has been
simply make it too easy for > burglar, by transformed into fertile farm land. (IV)
not securing their homes adequately. They have made up for this handicap not
only by reclaiming land from the sea, but
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V also by exploration and development
abroad. (V) This brought great wealth to
107- (I) In 1066 the Norman invasion of the country in the 17th century, the
England brought the tremendous impact Golden Age of Holland, when the Dutch
of the' French language to England, (II) commanded the seas.
For two centuries, French was the
language of the English nobility, while A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
English remained the language of the
peasants. (III) English is now the 110- (I) My favourite moment of the day
principal language of twelve countries, comes before the sun is up, but
and the official language in over a dozen conditions have to be right for it. (II) I
more. (IV) It was only in the 14th century usually wake up long after the sun has
that English finally became the most risen when my alarm goes off. (III) The
important language in England, with the weather has to be clear, and the lights lit
London dialect as standard. (V) in my room, and the sky outside still
However, as late as 1700, there were dark. (IV) Then I switch the lights off. (V)
only 8.5 million English speakers. If I've timed it right, the sky will suddenly
change to something else — a deep,
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V transparent blue.
18
111- (I) Hypnotism is a psychological method 114- (I) Betsy Ross, one of a family of
of inducing sleep or a suggestive state of flagmakers, who lived from 1752 until
mind achieved by getting the subject to 1836, has become very famous for
concentrate on one object or idea, (II) something it is unlikely she did. (II) Her
Many people regard this practice with house in Pennsylvania is visited every
scepticism or fear. (III) However, there is year by thousands of American children
nothing strange or abnormal about who are brought there on educational
hypnotism. (IV) An early practitioner of trips, (III) The reason for this is that she
hypnotism was Dr Franz Mesmer, from is reputed to have both designed and
whom the term 'mesmerism' is derived. made the first United States national
(V) For one thing, it cannot be imposed flag. (IV) Today's flag has thirteen stripes
upon unwilling subjects and it can be a and fifty stars, although the original one
very effective treatment for certain had thirteen of each — one for each
nervous disorders. state at that time. (V) However, it is
almost certain the former claim is untrue
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V and there is little evidence for the latter.
112- (I) The Industrial Revolution started in A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

Britain in the eighteenth century, due to
the development of steam power and the 115- (I) In spite of the success of the Viking
invention of certain machines. (II) Watt, space missions to Mars in the 1970s,
Arkwright and Hargreaves were all they have not been followed up until the
important inventors in this period, (III) 1990s. (II) The mission had been the
These innovations, coupled with the most ambitious ever sent to Mars. (III)
ability of British traders to create new Investigators concluded that a broken
markets abroad , turned Britain from an fuel line probably sent it spinning into
agricultural society to a predominantly space. (IV) The entire careers of some
industrialised one. (IV) However, scientists had been based on that one
although material prosperity increased, it project. (V) Its failure was such a
was not evenly distributed among the crushing blow to them that they needed
citizens. (V) As a result, there was much psychological counselling.
hardship in the new industrial towns,
which led to the creation of new political A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
and labour movements.
116- (I) In 1900, life expectancy in the United
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V States was 48, as opposed to 75, today.
(II) In a few African and Asian countries,
113- (I) Feminism, the movement for equal it is still this low. (III) Much of this gain
legal and social status for women, arose came in the first half of the century,
in response to the hardships that women before many of the big research
had suffered over the centuries. (II) breakthroughs, including antibiotics. (IV)
Apart from the short-lived gains of the The main reason was vast
French Revolution, women, well into the improvements in public health: clean
1800s, had little or no right to hold water, and especially an understanding
property, to exercise authority over of the importance of sanitation during
children or to vote. (III) The rise of childbirth. (V) Today, women in the West
democracy helped encourage women to are only about one-tenth as likely to die
fight for these rights. (IV) However, while giving birth as they were at the turn
although many gains in legal, political of the century.
and educational rights have been made,
full social equality still has to be won. (V) A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
As a result, today more women exercise
political power in governments the world
over.
19
117- (I) In the plain of the Ganges in southern 120- (I) The great improvement in health care
Nepal, there is a fascinating nomadic is no longer confined only to the more
tribe living in perfect harmony with advanced nations of the world, thanks to
nature. (II) Known as the "bee people", the World Health Organization, WHO, a
the Rajis survive by harvesting wild specialist agency of the UN. (II) UNICEF
honey and by fishing. (III) Their way of and UNESCO are other UN
life seems to have remained unchanged organizations with different objectives.
for centuries. (IV) They are a big (III) WHO was established in f 948 to
attraction for tourists and have built a bring "the highest possible level of
high tech visitor's centre to show off their health" to all peoples. (IV) In order to
modern way of life. (V) Yet the vast accomplish this, WHO has a number of
forest that once covered this part of main objectives. (V) It provides a central
Nepal is disappearing, and the future of clearing house for research services into
this remarkable people is very much in medicine, and it has established a set of
jeopardy. agreed rules for dealing with epidemics
and the quarantine regulations.
118- (I) Like the Sphinx's beard and the Elgin
Marbles, the art of the Sikh kingdoms 121- (I) The South .Asian Women's Centre in
was stolen by the greedy British, (II) No Montreal, Canada, was started by an
sooner had the East India Company Indian lady in her kitchen. (II) Now it is a
claimed the Punjab area in 1849 than it thriving community centre, which helps
was sending home crates full of silver immigrants from India, Pakistan, Nepal
armour, gilded manuscripts, and and Bangladesh by offering them a
priceless miniature paintings, (III) Many social centre, education opportunities
of the manuscripts and miniature and legal advice. (III) Everything printed
paintings left in India are kept in very in the centre is in seven languages, five
poor conditions. (IV) They stole the Sikh Asian languages in addition to English
throne for the Victoria and Albert and French. (IV) The Tamils in the North
Museum. (V) Practically the only thing of Sri Lanka are predominantly Hindu,
they left intact was the Sikhs' most whereas the Sinhalese in the South are
important religious place, the Golden traditionally Buddhist. (V) The topic of
Temple. religion is banned from the centre as,
although all of them are South Asian, the
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V women come from diverse ethnic and
religious backgrounds.
119- (I) Today the American chestnut has
been almost wiped out by the chestnut A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
blight, a fungal disease first observed in
1904. (II) Apparently it was introduced 122- (I) Certain types of anti-aircraft missiles
from Asia, (III) Native to the temperate are radar-guided to their target. (II)
zone of the Northern Hemisphere, there Radar has numerous nonmilitary
are eleven species of chestnuts. (IV) The applications as well, especially in
organism was mild in its native realm. navigation. (III) This is an automatic
(V) But it proved to be deadly in the bark system with two radar beams, one beam
of the American chestnut. to track the target and the other to track
the missile. (IV) Information from the
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V reflected beams is fed into a computer.
(V) The resulting calculation sets the
missile on a deliberate collision course
with the target.
20
123- (I) During the reign of Elizabeth I, Sir 126- (I) In the 1960s, the Beatles and other
Walter Raleigh was in good standing young rock groups brought the culture of
with British royalty, (II) He was Britain to the notice of the world. (II) For
responsible for introducing potatoes and young British talent, the 1990s have
tobacco to the English. (III) However, been explosive. (III) British style and
upon the accession of James 1, he fell attitudes now permeate Parisian couture,
from favour and was condemned to global advertising, even American pop
death for treason. (IV) Later, the new radio. (IV) From rave culture to the
king set him free to let him redeem pages of youth magazines, British
himself by finding the fabled city of El creativity has been a power-house for
Dorado and return with its riches. (V) the decade. (V) Where all this energy
When he returned to England without the came from, and why it's happening now
treasure, the king had him put to death. remain unanswered.
124- (I) The 400,000 inhabitants of Macao, 127- (I) Queen Elizabeth I of England was
Ihe tiny Portuguese colony soon to be completely bald. (II) She lost her hair
handed back to China, have traditionally after suffering from smallpox at the age
supported whatever regime was in of 29. (III) This terrible disease was the
power in China, (II) Since serious riots cause öf much loss of life in England,
during the Cultural Revolution, Macao until a vaccine was invented in 1796. (IV)
has been careful not to do anything to To disguise her loss, she always wore a
upset the Chinese authorities. (III) wig. (V) Thus a vogue for wigs was
Chinese students upset the authorities in created in Europe, which lasted several
1989 by demanding an end to corruption hundred years.
and by calling for political reforms. (IV)
There have been none of the political A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
rows in Macao that marked the last five
years of British rule in Hong Kong. (V) 128- (I) Buddhism is a Western word, and in
And unlike Britain's policy towards Hong the East, this religion is known as the
Kong, 100,000 people of Macao are Buddha-Dharma, or the teachings of the
classed as Portuguese citizens and so Buddha, (II) Shinto is one of the major
have the freedom of movement religions of Japan. (III) The word means
throughout Europe. 'way of the gods', and the basic Shinto
belief is that the gods were ancestors of
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V the Japanese people. (IV) At one time,
this led to the cult of ancestor worship
125- (I) It's so fascinating to see children play among individual families, and to a belief
with their pet dogs. (II) Children in the divinity of the emperor. (V) This
sometimes use play situations to latter aspect of the religion was
express their most pressing needs and abandoned in 1946.
to satisfy them. (III) A child who feels the
need for attention may play at being a A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
dog. (IV) With barks and on all fours, the
"dog" joins other playmates, who greet it
by patting its head and hugging it as they
would their own pets. (V) In this way, the
child gains desired attention and
affection from others.
21
129- (I) Mathematics is pervasive throughout 132- (I) The first census in England, although
modern life, for even baking a cake or not called by that name, was William the
building a house involves the use of Conqueror's survey of the country's
numbers, geometry, measures and people and their property in 1085. (II)
space. (II) Algebra is a branch of The information which was gathered was
mathematics by which unknown entered in the Domesday Book. (III)
quantities are deduced from known William's object seems to have been
quantities. (III) The general method of chiefly to ascertain how much tax he
algebra is to present known and could levy, and for this reason the survey
unknown quantities as parts of an was greatly resented. (IV) Nevertheless,
equation. (IV) The latter may be defined this book provides the historian with a
as a mathematical statement of balance unique record of social conditions in llth
or equality. (V) The unknown quantities century England. (V) As expected, since
are then isolated by mathematical then, the British tax system has been
procedures which will reveal their value. changed many times.
130- (I) Wind velocity is measured on an 133- (I) Contrary to what many people think,
"anemometer, (II) The most common exercise actually gives you more rather
kind is the three-cup anemometer. (III) than less energy, (II) Regular
The wind is caught in the hollows of the conditioning exercises such as jogging,
cups, causing them to rotate. (IV) The cycling or swimming, help you to resist
Beaufort symbol is the symbol used on fatigue. (III) It does this by increasing
weather maps to indicate wind direction your body's ability to handle more of a
and velocity. (V) The speed of the work load. (IV) Eating a lot of fresh fruit
rotation, measured in miles per hour, is and vegetables also increases your
the speed of the wind. energy level. (V) You get tired less
quickly because your capability is
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V greater.
131- (I) Radar is a system involving the A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

transmission and reflection of radio
waves. (II) It was developed by a team of 134- (I) Remedies for stomach aches have a
British scientists led by Robert Watson- long history, (II) A first-century A.D.
Watt before World War II. (III) In 1940, Roman advised people with colds to kiss
the German Luftwaffe attempted to the hairy nose of a mouse, (III) Sixteen
destroy the Royal Air Force and to bomb hundred years later American colonists
England in what is known as the Battle fought off colds by stuffing dirty socks
of Britain. (IV) The system was first used with salted pork and onion, then
during the Battle of Britain to locate the wrapping them around their necks. (IV)
approach of enemy aircraft. (V) Today it Though today's remedies smell better,
has been adapted for navigational use they are no more successful at curing
by aircraft and ships, and can also give the common cold. (V) However, they are
warning of approaching storms. an improvement over the old methods
and can relieve some of the symptoms.
22
135- (I) Charles Dickens was an English 138- (I) The House of Lords is one of the two
novelist who lived from 1812 to 1870. (II) houses of the British Parliament. (II)
His novel Oliver Twist portrays a poor About half of the Lords earned their titles
orphan by the same name. (III) As a boy, for services to their country or their party,
he lived close to the poverty line, but (III) But the other half are there because
later became rich and famous. (IV) they inherited their titles. (IV) The House
However, during his childhood, he had of Lords has little real power, but it can
developed a sense of social justice that slow down the work of the House of
lived on in his novels. (V) In these Commons. (V) Parliament annually
novels, he created some of the most approves allowances for members of thf
famous characters in English literature. royal family as well.
136- (I) Many people have an almost irrational 139- (I) A person's dialects depend on where
fear of cockroaches, (II) True, these he lives, what groups he moves with, his
insects are unusually ugly. (III) A education, and so on. (II) A Tokyo
character in a well-known Japanese engineer from Kyoto, for instance, might
novel keeps cockroaches as pets in a use his own Kyoto dialect at home, but
matchbox. (IV) Large, dark brown, with the standard dialect of Tokyo at work.
long black feelers sticking out from its (III) His speech would differ in some
head, always moving and twitching, a ways from that of his wife and that of his
cockroach has a disgusting look about it. teenage son. (IV) With other engineers
(V) And because they come out at night, he would use a kind of engineering shop
they reinforce our natural fear of the talk. (V) Thus, in a society, different
dark. styles of speech are used to show
degrees of politeness.
137- (I) According to the well-known science-
fiction writer Isaac Asimov, slavery and 140- (I) A river starts as a tiny trickle, or rill, on a
serfdom have been natural stages of slope. (II) Rainfall, snowfall, a spring or the
mankind's history, (II) He feels that the melting of glacial ice may be its source.
abolition of slavery came not so much (III) As it flows downhill, it is joined by other
from idealists and reformers, but from trickles to make a brook, and other brooks
scientists, (III) Throughout the nineteenth add their waters to form a stream, which
century, the anti-slavery movement in broadens into a creek. (IV) To get the
Britain gradually changed the public's greatest benefit from a river, however,
attitude to slavery. (IV) It was science people alter its course through engineering
that gave us steam power, electricity, projects. (V) As the water continues its
and radio beams to do the work that downward journey, it gains in volume and
previously been done only by human finally becomes a river.
muscle. (V) Without these advances, he
argues, wealth and prosperity would still A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
be limited to the few, while the many
would be chained to lives of animal-like 141- (I) Some physicians say that a person
labour. who is able to function reasonably well is
mentally healthy. (II) Others hold that a
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V person is mentally healthy if his
behaviour is like that of the majority of
people. (III) There are, of course, people
in a society who stand out from others in
the way they speak, dress, and so on.
(IV) Still others make comparisons with
an ideal. (V) According to these
physicians, mental healthfulness may be
approached but not attained.
23
142- (I) In the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal the 145- (I) One of the strangest, yet most
ancient custom of worshipping a young influential art movements of the early
girl as a goddess has survived to the 20th century was called Dadaism. (II)
present day. (II) Kathmandu is such a Dadaism arose in 1916 as a protest to
tolerant place that Hindus and Buddhists the mechanized slaughter of World War
often share the same temples, I. (III) Historians call World War I the last
worshipping the same images under war to be fought between imperial
different names. (III) Every day people dynasties. (IV) This movement was
come to worship her and to ask her for directly succeeded by Surrealism. (V)
help with their problems. (IV) Though a Today we can see its influence in such
tutor comes to give her basic schooling, artistic phenomena as "installation art".
she is only allowed out of her temple on
five festival days, and then she is A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
surrounded by worshippers. (V) Her
reign as a goddess ends with the onset 146- (I) The llama is a humpless South
of puberty, when a new girl of about six American relative of the camel, resembling
is chosen. a large sheep with a long neck, (II) It was
first domesticated by the ancient Peruvians
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V and probably descended from the wild
guanaco. (III) Like the llama, all domestic
143- (I) The drink we know as "tea" is brewed animals have wild ancestors, (TV) It is
and drunk in so many different ways that used for carrying loads, but refuses to
it can be difficult to believe that they all move if loaded much above thirty pounds.
originate from the same plant. (II) In (V) It has several relatives, like the alpaca,
Turkey and other parts of the Middle which yields a finer wool, and the entirely
East, the leaves are stewed for a long wild vicuna, which is prized for its silky
time and then it is drunk with sugar, but fleece.
no milk. (III) Most English tea is still
imported from its former colony, India. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
(IV) In some places, it is actually brewed
in hot milk, often with spices such a 147- (I) Writing poetry requires no complicated
cardamom or ginger. (V) Tea in China is equipment, simply pencil, paper and a
a pale, weak beverage drunk with no block of quiet time, (II) The fading
additives, while in Japan it is green. popularity of poetry as an art form is
unfounded.(III) Poetry is neither boring nor
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V disconnected from everyday existence, as
some critics foolishly claim. (VI) On the
144- (I) The origin of the turkey's name is contrary, poetry can disclose impressions,
uncertain. (II) Some believe the name images and dimensions of the human
comes from one of its calls, a soffturk, experience that other art forms are unable
turk, turk." (III) Others believe that the to convey. (V) Yet, at the same time, it
bird was originally confused with the possesses a wonderful simplicity on
guinea cock, which was imported into multiple levels and tastes.
Europe from Africa through Turkey. (IV)
Still others suggest that the head of the A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
bird resembles a Turkish fez. (V) The fez
was named after the Moroccon city of 148- (I) The Copts are a group of Egyptian
Fez, outside of which grow red berries Christians, (II) They are direct
whose dye was once exclusively used to descendants of the ancient Egyptians and
colour hats. today make up about a tenth of the
country's population. (II) The Coptic
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V language was used by common people
from 300 to 700 A.D. (IV) The Roman
Catholics, too, used a dead language,
Latin, until 1963. (V) Today, it is only used
in the Coptic Church, which split off from
the main body of Christianity over
theological disputes centuries ago.
24
149- (I) The concept of winter in European

countries is associated with the season
of dormancy, (II) Some plants die,
leaving their seeds, and others merely
cease growth until spring. (III) The cold
weather, of course, effects the most
northerly nations more profoundly. (IV)
Many animals also become dormant,
especially those that hibernate. (V) Even
people seem less active.
150- (I) People have inhabited this planet for

â long time, (II) Man's subjective
experience of time is often relative, (III)
Because of this, eventful periods appear
shorter than equally long but uneventful
periods. (IV) The measurement of the
passage of time, however, can be done
objectively. (V) This can be
accomplished by many methods
Involving various devices, such as clocks
or sundials.
25
CEVAP ANAHTARI
1 C 41 C 81 C 121 D
2 D 42 C 82 D 122 B
3 D 43 B 83 C 123 B
4 E 44 D 84 C 124 C
5 A 45 E 85 D 125 A
6 B 46 B 86 B 126 A
7 B 47 C 87 B 127
8 C 48 C 88 C 128 E
9 D 49 D 89 D 129 C
10 A 50 B 90 E 130 A
11 C 51 C 91 131 A
12 D 52 B 92 132 D
13 E 53 A 93 133 C
14 B 54 D 94 134 E
15 C 55 C 95 135 D
16 A 56 C 96 136 A
17 B 57 D 97 D 137 B
18 C 58 A 98 E 138 C
19 B 59 D 99 C 139 C
20 D 60 B 100 B 140 E
21 A 61 C 101 A 141 E
22 C 62 A 102 C 142 B
23 E 63 D 103 C 143 C
24 D 64 D 104 A 144 E
25 D 65 C 105 B 145 C
26 B 66 A 106 C 146 C
27 B 67 D 107 C 147 B
28 C 68 A 108 D 148 D
29 A 69 B 109 C 149 C
30 C 70 D 110 B 150 A
31 C 71 E 111 D
32 A 72 C 112 B
33 D 73 D 113 E
34 B 74 B 114 D
35 D 75 B 115 A
36 B 76 E 116 B
37 C 77 D 117 D
38 D 78 B 118 C
39 C 79 B 119 C
40 A 80 A 120 B
26

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[KPDS-ÜDS-YDS İÇİN İLGİSİZ CÜMLE SORULARI]

İLGİSİZ CÜMLE SORULARI

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 5- (I) Deep in interplanetary space, a man-

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 6- (I) Dogs are being driven frantic by the

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 17- (I) Less than an hour's drive north of

20- (I) The Crimean war was fought between A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

59- (I) Some companies have been able to A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

64- (I) However developed they are, all A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 73- (I) Of all the weapons used by ground

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 85- (I) Though the Spaniards subdued and

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 97- (I) Rice is thought to have originated in

112- (I) The Industrial Revolution started in A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

131- (I) Radar is a system involving the A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

149- (I) The concept of winter in European

150- (I) People have inhabited this planet for

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