Self study guide for

English Skills Improvement

This guide is written by:
Ahmad Muhammad Al-Abdli
Ammar Zakaria Faloudah
Hattan Hisham Bosy
Marwan Abdulmoumen Sabbagh
Muath Mohammed Alqarni
Contents
Introduction………………………….….……….4
Why English is important?.....................5
Fluency…………..………………………………….8
Pronunciation……………………..….………..16
Vocabulary…………………………....……......22
Reading from Textbook……………...……..28
Grammar…………..……………………………..30
Listening…………………………………………………….35
Writing…………………………………..………...38
Reference…………...................................41
 Introduction
We all know that English is important for medical students, but
why? First of all in order to be a doctor you need to study at
medical school where everything will be taught primary in
English. Also when you learn English you will be able to
communicate with a wider range of patients, moreover a doctor
needs to be a skilled writer so that he will be able to participate
in research and projects. Furthermore, a doctor needs to be a
fluent speaker and a good listener because a doctor attends
many conferences and communicates with many highly
educated personalities, which obliges him not to only be good
at English, but good at speaking in general, which adds more to
the necessity of learning and perfecting the language.
For these reasons, we made this program so every student can
work on his own weaknesses through the best and most
effective ways.

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 4

Why learning English is important?
Among the infinite number of languages spoken throughout the world,
English is believed to be the most important of all. However, we should be
aware of why English is that important to learn, in order to learn it in an
efficient way, to be aware of the importance of something is a huge step
toward learning it, not possessing a reason for learning something could
prove a difficult process, for that purpose realizing why learning English is a
vital step toward becoming a successful student could be a priority over the
process itself.
When we talk about the most spoken language in the world by native
speakers [1], English does not come on top. One might wonder what gives
the language its significant importance in terms of several aspects, when it
is not even the most spoken language in the world by native speakers,
apparently English is the most spoken language in the world as a foreign
language, which means it is the most learned language in the world by non-
native speakers [2] which just adds to how important English is as a
language in general, also English is the language spoken by the most
number of countries [2] approximately over one hundred country speaks
the language, and amongst all the great number of languages in the world,
that could only present a clear indication that English language is no doubt
a global language, needless to mention its authorized position as the official
language of the world despite not being the official language in most
countries [2], but the speakers, whether native or non-native, count for a
very huge number of some countries' population.

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 5

 Why English is important?

Other reasons why English is important is knowledge, one of the main

sources of knowledge nowadays is the internet, statistics have shown that
the native language of the internet is English [3], and with the overwhelming
use of internet in our generation it would be very difficult without knowing
the language, or it could be utilized within a very limited spectrum if so to
speak, which could hinder possible access to valuable information, which can
easily be reached if the individual knows English.
Even when ignoring the aspect about internet, worldwide shared information
in general, whether be it mails, periodicals, are mostly in English, studies say
that more than three quarter of world's mail is in English, and more than half
of the world's technical & scientific periodicals are in English, and the most
widely published language is definitely English. [4]
And when we talk about media, The big three broadcasting companies in the
world (ABC, NBC, CBS) transmit its content with English which in its turn is
reached and broadcasted to billions of people around the globe. [4]
Also English is used as the lingua franca language, which means it’s the
language nonnative speakers around the world communicate with and build
relations through. [4]
There are many other statistics that could add to the list, but knowing these
stats will only be useful with a strong determination a passionate desire to
learn the language, but for someone who does not have that desire, these
are nothing more than informative stats with no actual importance or value.

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 6

 Why English is important?

It all depends on that desire to learn, maybe you never wanted to learn
English in the first place, but you wanted to be someone important in the
future, the desire to be that someone will captivate you and motivate you to
learn the language, after you have that motivation you will be able to learn
everything you put your mind to! The purpose of these statistics is to cave
the way for the individual and to provide a small informative background to
instill some understanding to why English needs to be learned.

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 7

 Fluency
Many ESL students wonder if it is possible to learn to speak English fluently, like a
native speaker. The answer is: Yes!
- Don't be afraid of making mistakes, don’t be shy and be confident.
If you let go of your fear of “messing up” the language and focus instead on just
communicating and getting to know people, you’re more likely to be successful.
- If you want to speak English fluently, you first must Listen,
listen and then… listen more! This is the first thing you do when learning a new
language and it is essential to good speaking ability. Are you surprised? Well, it’s
really true, the more you listen, the sooner you will be a fluent English speaker.
Lots of listening will also lead to a better (more “natural”) accent.
- Focus on conversations, not grammar.
This could lead to imperfect grammar, but don’t worry that’s fine! If you focus
on speaking fluently instead of correctly, you’ll sound better and people still can
understand you. You can fill in the correct grammar and word rules as you learn
them better.
Think of how you spoke your first language? Did you learn grammar first or did
you just speak? The same rule applies to speaking any language. When you put
too much emphasis on grammar, you naturally over-think, instead of naturally
talking like a native.
Remember, only a small fraction of English speakers knows more than 20% of all
the grammar rules. Many non-native know more grammar than native speakers.
When you speak in English, how often do you stop?
The more you stop, the less confident you sound and the less comfortable you
become. but challenge yourself to speak without stopping and stammering all
the time.[5]

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 8

 Fluency

Keep a positive attitude.

the right attitude can make the difference between failure and success. Stop
thinking of yourself as someone who is learning English, and start thinking of
yourself as someone who speaks English. It’s a small change, but it will make you
feel more confident and help you to use the English you already know more
effectively.

(1) Practicing English :

1. Think in English.
Sometimes the difficult thing about talking in a new language isn’t the language
itself, but how you think about it.
If you think in your native language and then try to speak English, you’ll always
have to translate between languages. Translating isn’t an easy thing to do! Even
people fluent in two or more languages have trouble switching between languages.
The solution is to think in English.
You can do this anywhere, anytime. Try to use English when you’re thinking about
your day, or when you’re trying to decide what food to order. Even try to use an
English to English dictionary to look up words. That way you never have to use your
native language and translate words. You’ll notice that when you think in English,
it’s easier for you to speak in English.[5]

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 9

 Fluency

2. Talk to yourself.
Wherever you’re and whenever it was, just practice your English with yourself.
It might feel ridiculous, but it really helps! If you already thought in English, try
speaking your thoughts out loud. Read out loud, too. Don’t be afraid of making
mistakes, just the act of speaking out loud will help you become more comfortable
and confident speaking English, this is what you need to improve your speech [6]
3. Use a mirror.
Whenever you can, take a few minutes out of your day to stand in front of the
mirror and speak. S et a timer for 3 minutes and just talk about specific subject, and
don’t stop!. If you get stuck on a word you don’t know, try expressing your idea in a
different way.
The purpose is to watch your mouth, face and body language as you speak. It also
makes you feel like you’re talking to someone, so you can pretend you’re having a
discussion. This will definitely help you find out what kinds of words or sentences
you have trouble with.[5]
4.Mimic the rhythm.
Every language has a musicality about it. You can have absolutely perfect grammar
and if you don't have the rhythm down, you won't have that native sound. So
whether you're talking to English speakers or you're watching on TV, look for
emphasis, intonation, and emotion.
How well can you mimic it?
In every sentence, there are parts that are longer, louder, and said at a higher pitch.
In the phrase "rock and roll," saying "rock AND roll" sounds very strange. But
"rocking roll" sounds a lot more natural. This is the icing on the English cake![7]

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 10

 Fluency

5.Learn the phonetic notation used in your dictionary.

Preferably learn the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) phonetic notation. The
IPA is a set of symbols that represent sounds of letters in English. Be familiar with
IPA so that when you don't know the pronunciation of a word, it will be easy for
you how to pronounce it.[8]
6.Repeat what you hear native speakers say.
Repeat sentences of native speakers, focusing on pronunciation, cadence, and
rhythm. Record yourself speaking and play it back to give yourself the opportunity
to evaluate whether your repetition sounds the same as the original.
Remember to think about how questions and answers are posed, what words the
native speaker chooses, and how they use the language.
7. learn some phrasal verbs.
phrasal verbs (two words verbs) is important for expressing what you want to say,
there are hundreds of them in English and they’re widely used. The more you focus
on their meaning, the more you’ll be able to guess the meaning of new ones. You’ll
start to recognize their patterns.
Be aware of the fact that spoken English is literally packed with phrasal verbs.

(2) Developing English language through emersion :

1.Travel to an English-speaking area.
Go to a country whose primary language is English such as(US, UK, Australia). Find
such a good country and stay there for an enough period of time; the longer you
stay, the more proficient your language fluency will be.[9]

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 11

 Fluency

2.Speak only English.

Even when there are some students speaks your language or you are unsure of
exactly what to say all of the time, Ask people to refrain from speaking other
languages, try to avoid speaking in your language and find a way to communicate
only in English. Not giving yourself the option to “fall back” on your native language
will help you become proficient in English more quickly and understand the system
of the language more fully.[10]
3.Pay attention to prepositions.
One mark of a non-native speaker is the incorrect use of prepositions (words such
as in, above, on, and opposite). If you want to speak fluent same as native speaker,
pay careful attention to how native speakers use these words.
Unfortunately, the rules about when to use a particular preposition are
inconsistent. [11]
4.know some Idioms.
an expression whose meaning is not predictable from the usual meanings of its
constituent elements as ‘’to let the cat out of the bag’’ means ‘to release a secret’
If you learn idioms you will be more fluent and you’ll be able to communicate with
native speakers easily.[12]
Don’t be put off by a bad test score. Sometimes students have the ability to pass an
English test, but can’t communicate well with English speakers. If you can speak
freely in English, you should be proud of yourself.
Remember that as long as you have tried your hardest, you have succeeded!

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 12

 Fluency

Don't overthink it.

If you do get in the presence of an English speaker, it's so easy to just have your
mind freeze up, your body freeze up, and have every single word of English you
know escape you. You end up stuttering if you can get anything out at all and leave
feeling terrible, never wanting to speak English again.
Rest assured it's not just you! This happens to all of us.
The only way to avoid it is just to realize that it's not that big of a deal, it'll end
shortly, and no one's going to judge you for it.
English is becoming so prominent all over the world that even native speakers are
used to hearing all different levels. You won't say anything they haven't heard
before![13]

Resources:
Books:
- Fluent in 3 months by benny Lewis
https://goo.gl/mS6FMM
- learn some phrasal verbs
https://goo.gl/AbBeNh
- teaching ESL listening and speaking
https://goo.gl/EWQmgC

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 13

 Fluency

Online courses:
- learning online in live classes
https://goo.gl/daK7Fw
- interesting lessons that will help you learn English through stories.
https://deepenglish.com/how-improve-your-english-fluency/
- become fluent through listening and watching videos.
http://www.fluentu.com/
- an English speaking courses will give you the advantage you need
https://alison.com/learn/english-speaking-skills
- online courses made by EF schools
https://goo.gl/TG1Abt
- the London school of English
https://goo.gl/e14C8x
Websites:
improving speaking through conversations
https://howdoyou.do/
Practice Real English With real Native Teachers
http://www.spokenenglishpractice.com/
YouTube videos:
speak English confidently
https://goo.gl/lcZqPR

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 14

 Fluency

English speaking practice

https://goo.gl/nL1I8l
English lessons
https://goo.gl/7Y5vRc

Applications:
Speak English Fluently (Android)
https://goo.gl/r5WzFx
English Listening and Speaking (Android)
https://goo.gl/QwSpR7
Easy English Box (IOS)
https://goo.gl/HWvOJh

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 15

 Pronunciation
According to the dictionary, pronunciation is the way in which a word is
pronounced. it is an essential skill to have in order to speak in an understandable
way, even if you do not have a large amount of vocabulary. [16]
Why Should You Practice English Pronunciation?
Practicing pronunciation is important for many reasons, it enables you to write
well, communicate well with others, and read words and sentences correctly.
When you pronounce words right you are understood more during conversations
which eliminates possible chances of confusion. [17]
How To Improve Your Pronunciation
Pay attention to intonation and stress
Good pronunciation cannot be achieved through only mastering individual sounds,
understanding other factors such as intonation (rise and fall of voice) and stress
(changing the clarity of sounds of words depending on context), are very
important in order to master the essences of pronunciation. [19]
Break words down into sounds
Breaking down words into syllables is a very effective way to learn, for example
the word syllable is broken down into three syllables or parts: Syl-la-ble. When
words are broken to parts they become easier to read and pronounce.
You can check how many syllables any word has by placing your hand just under
your chin, and say the word slowly, each time your chin gets in contact with your
hand that’s considered one syllable.
You can check out this website How Many Syllables. {1}, it shows several ways of
pronouncing words and can help you if you are having any troubles with syllables.
[18]

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 16

 Pronunciation

Communication is Key: Always Practice with Someone

Learning is always better with applying the things you learn constantly, you can
always apply what you learn when you have someone to talk to, talking to a native
speakers definitely helps a lot.
If you don't know any native speakers to talk to, you can always find alternative to
things.
Websites and forums are always available to help, you can always look for websites
that are full of native English speakers from all around the world.
Google+ {2} is a great example of this, it makes a great place to talk in English and
apply what you learn while continuously making new friends. [17]
Record And Time Yourself Speaking In English
Recording and listening to yourself is a good old way to practice and monitor your
own process and it is indeed a very helpful way, but by making a slight twist we can
invent a more helpful method, recording a passage of speech from a native speaker
then check if you can read the same passage within the same amount of time the
native speaker does.
Chances are you will be slower, but after recording again and again you will
eventually be able to complete it at the same time, if not faster.
This will make your English pronunciation more natural and sophisticated. [20]
Improving your intonation
Intonation is a feature of pronunciation along with rhythm, stress and others.
Intonation is more about how we say something rather than what we actually say,
it is the way one's tone of voice changes according to particular meanings and
attitudes that we use.

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 17

 Pronunciation

Improving your intonation can be simply achieved by listening to various sources,

you can practice with your friend for example and record your speeches and listen
afterward to decide whether you could notice the intonation in each other's voice,
you can also record a movie dialogue and try to repeat it with your own attitude
and then listen to it and check for your own intonation. [21]
Learn to recognize spelling patterns
there are many English patterns that need to be distinguished when pronouncing
specific words, for the example, "tion" on the end of the word is pronounced
"shun", while "sion" can be pronounced "Zhun" and many other examples.
There are many ways to pronounce such patterns but it helps immensely to know
the variations and distinguish each pattern. [22]
Learn the IPA and the individual sounds of English.
IPA is the international Phonetic Alphabet.
It is a collection of symbols primary from Latin, that represents the different sounds
of a language, knowing the symbols that represent the sounds in English will
definitely help in
pronouncing the words more correctly no matter how difficult. [23]
American Pronunciation:
An Introduction to the IPA {3}
British Pronunciation:
BBC Learning English {4}
Interactive IPA Chart {5}

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 18

 Pronunciation

When you learn a new word, learn how to pronounce it correctly

Some learners make the mistake of pronouncing the word without checking for
correct spelling the first time, which increases the chance of incorrect
pronunciation. Doing that more than once could lead to developing a bad habit of
pronouncing words the incorrect way. That can be fixed by checking for correct
pronunciation using different dictionaries specific for English learners and by
checking for the correct way of pronunciation through the IPA Chart.
MW Learner’s Dictionary {6}
MacMillan Online Dictionary {7}
Both of these dictionaries show you the IPA phonetic transcription of the word,
including which syllable you must stress, and are very helpful to know the correct
way of pronouncing a word. [23]
Try tongue twisters
Tongue twisters are a great way to improve your speech clarity, tongue twisters can
be used in many variations, for example it can be used as a repeated phonemic
sequence over and over again in successive words in a sentence, another is to use
words in similar spellings but with different pronunciations side by side in one
sentence such as, brown and frown, studies proved that these tongue twisters
could be very useful, especially when done correctly, such sentences could help a
lot of people in pronouncing any word that comes their way no matter how difficult
cause it practices not only the tongue, but also the brain, and could help in many
other aspects. [24]

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 19

 Pronunciation

Pitch Humming
Languages, English in this case, is most notably recognized by its pronunciation,
disregarding some basic elements of pronunciation such as -tion or th-, some other
elements in pronunciation such as intonation, rhythm, word emphasis. They
together form what is known as music of English
One could talk in a language that does not make sense but if they adhered these
factors of pronunciation intently, viewers would be shocked by how English-like it
sounds, music of English can be understood more by English learners through using
pitch humming, which is mirroring the up and down movement of a speaker's
voice. [25]

Resources:
{1} https://www.howmanysyllables.com
{2} https://plus.google.com
{3} http://www.englishteachermelanie.com/an-introduction-to-the-ipa
{4} http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/pron/sounds
{5} http://www.stuff.co.uk/calcul_nd.htm
{6} http://www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/outrageous
{7} http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/outrageous

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 20

 Pronunciation

Additional resources:
- Introduction To IPA From English Teacher Melanie:
http://www.englishteachermelanie.com/an-introduction-to-the-ipa
- How To Pronounce
https://www.howtopronounce.com
- Listen And Repeat Podcasts From Many Things
http://www.manythings.org/repeat/
- Oxford's Key to Pronunciation
http://public.oed.com/how-to-use-the-oed/key-to-pronunciation/
Pronunciation exercises from One Stop English
http://www.onestopenglish.com/skills/pronunciation/pronunciation-exercises/
Podcasts in English
https://www.podcastsinenglish.com/index.shtml
Tongue Twisters From EngVid
http://www.engvid.com/english-resource/50-tongue-twisters-improve-pronunciation/
Apps:
English Pronunciation – Otterwave By Ottercall INC:
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/english-pronunciation otterwave/id540959652?mt=8
English Pronunciation:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.study.english.pronunciation&hl=en
English Pronunciation Training:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.stavira.pronunciation.training&hl=en

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 21

 Vocabulary
is expanding your use of words important? Why?
You'll be able to speak and write more clearly , you will be understood faster and
easier , and you will increase the perception (and reality) that you are an
intelligent person. Besides, learning new vocabulary can be fun thing to do. you
can even do it with the people. Find a friend, family member, or roommate to
learn new words with you.[26]
- Read, read, and read. The more you read especially novels and literary works,
also magazines and newspapers the more words you'll be familiar with. As you
read and discover new vocabulary, use a combination of attempting to derive
meaning from the context of the sentence as well as from looking up the
definition in a dictionary.[26]
- Write down new words. Writing the words with the meanings will help you
memorizing them. Even write them in sentences. Keep the sentences that you can
easily revise when needed. [27]
- Visually remembering words is very helpful. Try to write the word on papers
and stick them to a place where you can see them regularly. [27]
medical terminology tips:
- Use visual cues to remember complex terms: our brains are hardwired to save
most information as images. This is why when someone says the word “apple” a
visual representation of the fruit immediately pops up in your head…. most
people don’t visualize the letters spelling the word. But if we take the word
“subhepatic” (definition: situated under/on the ventral side of the liver), it
would be really hard for your brain to assign a visual to that word. The trick here
is to give your mind something simple and familiar which you can associate with
the term, no matter how strange the path.[28]

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 22

 Vocabulary

- Medical Terminology Games: Apps and Tools for Your Phone

You don’t have to carry heavy books and flashcards all the time. there are a number
of iOS and android apps that can help you train your memory and explore different
learning techniques on the go. [28]
- Learn Latin Roots: create your own medical terminology cheat sheet
The basic components of each term are: root word (the base of the term), prefixes
(letter groups in front of the root word) and suffixes (at the end of the root word).
If you break a word into its components you can easily decipher its meaning. [28]
- free online classes: You can take a medical terminology online course on the
internet for free. [28].

Resources :
Basic vocabulary
- the most 1.000 words the Reading Teacher’s Book of Lists, Fourth Edition: by Fry,
Kress & Fountoukidis
http://www.londrina.info/cipae/FIs/1000words.pdf
- 10.000 word from the Brown corpus, sorted in descending order of SFI The most -
http://emustru.sourceforge.net/list_words_sfi.pdf
- Longman Communication 3000 words sorted by the most frequent spoken or
written words
http://www.lextutor.ca/freq/lists_download/longman_3000_list.pdf
- The Oxford most 3000 frequent words-
http://www.smartcom.vn/the_oxford_3000.pdf

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 23

 Vocabulary

- the book (vocabulary in use elementary) by Michael McCarthy, Felicity O'Dell-

https://goo.gl/Vhx83u
- the book (vocabulary in use advanced) by Michael McCarthy, Felicity O'Dell-
http://english-bp.ru/books/eviu-a.pdf
- VOCABULARY: (almost) all the words you need! By Firsching - FOS/BOS Bamberg –
2010
http://www.bos-bamberg.de/sites/default/files/Vocab-basic_2010.pdf
academic vocabulary
- The Academic Word List by Averil Coxhead, Victoria
http://englishforme.weebly.com/uploads/5/0/8/8/5088721/the_academic_word_list.p
df
- Academic Word List of the most 570 frequent academic words by Averil Coxhead
http://ksngo.org/images/download/LDOCE_AWL.pdf
- THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST by Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary the most 1707
frequent words
http://www.dilsem.com.tr/fotolar/the-academic-word-list-for-yds.pdf
- Academic Word List by Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealan in 2003
http://www.pearsonlongman.com/ae/keystone/natl/pdf/AcademicWordList.pdf
- the book (Academic Vocabulary List) by Jim Burke
http://www.englishcompanion.com/pdfDocs/acvocabulary2.pdf

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 24

 Vocabulary

-first start with the Medical term formation and Construction presentation
https://goo.gl/ctRPFN
- the guide to medical terminology
http://www.greene-co.com/files/NE.MedicalTerminology.pdf
- the book (BASIC MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY) from the U. S ARMY MEDICAL
DEPARTMENT
http://www.freeinfosociety.com/media/pdf/223.pdf
- AMA Glossary of Medical Terms-
http://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/dmh/159358_AMAGlossaryofMedicalTerms_Ver1.0.p
df
APPS FOR IOS
- MCAT Flashcards – Kaplan National Practice Test: You can create customized card sets
choosing from 200 concepts in physics, general chemistry, biology, and organic
chemistry
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/mcat-flashcards-kaplan-national/id564279367?mt=8
- Taber’s Medical Dictionary: Over 65,000 terms, 1,200 photos, 32,000 audio
pronunciations, 100+ videos, and more than 600 patient-care statements
https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewSoftware?id=301866347
&mt=8
- Psych Terms: This medical dictionary is a pocket glossary for psychology, psychiatry
and mental health
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/psych-terms-medical-dictionary/id324374985?mt=8

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 25

 Vocabulary

- Medical Terminology and Abbreviations: A list of abbreviations, prefixes and

suffixes to help you understand complex medical terms
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/medical-terminology-
abbreviations/id576236045?mt=8
- Med Term Scramble: A free game that lets you test your knowledge of medical terms.
Over 30 word lists to choose from. The app is also available for Android devices
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/med-term-scramble/id590745869?mt=8&ign-
mpt=uo%3D4
- Eponyms (for students): A short description of more than 1,700 common and obscure
medical eponyms
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/eponyms-for-students/id286025430?mt=8
APPS FOR ANDROID
- Learn Medical Terminology: This app contains lists of prefixes, roots and suffixes.
You’ll also discover links to other free interactive medical terminology exercises and e-
learning courses
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=appinventor.ai_dot_dox.InterActiveMT
&hl=en
- Medical Terms EN: Learn the most common medical terms, diseases, tests and
symptoms Voice enabled search with word prediction and smart options let you
narrow search results to abbreviations
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=eu.ipix.LexMedEN

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 26

 Vocabulary

- Medical Terminology Flashcards: You can create your own decks and cards or
just use the pre-made ones. The app lets you mark cards as “correct” or
“incorrect” to help track progress
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=simpletree.flashmt
- Medical Terminologies: Medical dictionary with common and uncommon
words, terms and phrases Works offline
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.medicalgroupsoft.medical.dir
ectorymedtermsmultilang.free
- Medical Terminology Quiz: A multiple choice quiz. Twelve different topics covering the
anatomy of the human body
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=air.Medicalglossary
- Med Term Scramble: A medical variation of Scramble with more than 30 different
word lists.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.pe.mts
online class
- “Medical Terminology Course” (by Des Moines University): The course is divided into
several sections with a quiz at the end of each lesson. Every lesson contains practical
examples and additional information regarding the topic that is being examined. The
language and tone used in the explanatory text are very light and easy to digest.
https://www.dmu.edu/medterms/

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 27

 Reading from Textbooks
- Reading will help you realize the concepts behind the facts. Understanding the
concepts in many ways will help you in your complete understanding. Clearly, the
more complicated the lectures, the more important it is to read textbooks and
read books and not just depending on lectures. [29]
- reading and understanding complicated textbooks will improve your
understanding, thus helping you doing best on multiple choice exams. (sometimes
you choose the wrong answer you did it because you didn't understand the
question). [29]
- It is OK to be confused when reading textbook
You are not supposed to understand every word while you read at the same time
but you are supposed to understand the idea by the end. Don't stop thinking or
get frustrated if you didn't understand something. Instead, think of the paragraph
(or several paragraphs) as the unit of meaning.). [29]
- Don't think spending time on reading and studying just would makes you get high
grades. It's how you study not how much you spend studying. Quantity ≠ Quality.

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 28

 Reading from textbooks

If you find yourself having difficulties with reading textbooks, you should try SQ3R,
PQRST reading strategies designed to help students improve their comprehension
(understanding), memory, and efficiency in reading. [30]

Recourses :
- The SQ3R strategy
https://umanitoba.ca/student/academiclearning/media/SQ3R_Reading_Strategy_N
EW.pdf
- The PQRST
You can find the strategy in Effective study by Francis Robinson
https://www.amazon.com/Effective-study-Francis-Pleasant-
Robinson/dp/B0006AWXRC

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 29

 Grammar
What is grammar?
Grammar is the base structure of every language, and English is no exception, any
language has words that if its put together will form a meaning, and the way these
words are modified and joined is what we call “grammar”[31].
But for a med student the most important rules he should master are the tenses,
he need to differentiate between them, one of the many reasons is when a
lecturer explains something he uses them a lot, so its really essential to
understand the tenses.
There are 15 time tenses there but we are going to demonstrate 4 of them
because it’s the most and important ones that are used and they are:
Present Perfect and Past Simple
If you find it difficult to understand the difference between Present Perfect and
Past Simple, don’t worry, you’re not the only one. Lots of students have this
problem, and we’ll try to help you better understand it.
Present Perfect is used to talk about experiences in our lives, things that we have
done, seen, tried, and so on, without specifying when exactly this happened.
Therefore, Present Perfect is never used with specific time determinants such as
“last week,” “last month,” “yesterday,” “when I was a child,” and the like.
Examples
- “I have been to Italy.”
When you use Present Perfect, you don’t tell the exact time when
something has happened, you are just saying that your experience was
enriched by going to Italy at some point in your life.

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 30

 Grammar

- “I went to Italy in 2005.”

When you use Past Simple you have a specific event and time in mind. It’s not at
any point in your life, it’s a specific event in the past.
- “I have made two cakes this week.”
In this case the week hasn’t finished yet.
Advice
Try to apply these tenses to your life immediately. Talk about important
experiences in your life, without specifying when they have happened, or talk
about the events of this week. Also, talk about specific times and dates in your life,
talk about the events of yesterday, last week.
You can say: “I have tried Indian food.” or “I have travelled to…” And then say the
exact time when this happened: “I tried Indian food 2 years ago.” or “I went to … in
2005.”
Future Simple and be going to
Another problem that is important to mention is the difference between
Future Simple and Be going to.
Both of these forms are used to denote an event that might or will happen in
future, and their usage depends on whether something is a decision/plan or
a future prediction.
When it comes to making decisions, we use Future Simple when we make a
decision at the moment of speaking; we haven’t thought about it before. On
the other hand, we use be going to when we talk about decisions that we
made before the moment of speaking.

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 31

 Grammar

When you predict the future based only on your thoughts or feelings, and when
you have no evidence something would become true, you use Future Simple.
When you can conclude from the present situation that something will happen
with certainty, you use Be going to.
Examples
Situation 1
Your friend is talking to you, and she says she is going to the cinema, and
suddenly she asks you: “Are you free tonight? Would you like to go to the
cinema with me?” And you answer: “What a great idea, I will go with you.”
Here we used Future Simple because we didn’t plan to go to the cinema, we
decided to go the moment our friend asked us, not before.
Situation 2
in January, you booked a hotel room for your summer holiday in Greece,
and now the summer has started and everybody wants to know your plans.
Your friend asks you: “What are your plans for this summer?” “I’m going to
travel to Greece.” We used be going to because we have already planned to
go to Greece (remember – we booked in January).
For example, your basketball team plays a match tomorrow, and you say:
“My team will win the match tomorrow. “You are only guessing, you can’t
know for sure that this will happen.

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 32

 Grammar

Situation 3
You see a man carrying a lot of boxes and he can’t see anything in front of him and
he is going straight into the wall. You then say: “That man is going to hit the wall!”
because you can see from the present situation that something is going to happen
in the future.
Advice
Try to find a partner to talk to you. Ask each other questions about your future
plans and use going to if you already planned something, or use Future Simple if
you decide something at that moment.
For example, your friend asks you about your plans for the weekend, and you say:
“I’m going to attend a party.” Then you friend can ask you: “What are you going to
wear?” and if you didn’t think about that, you can say: “Oh, I don’t know, I didn’t
think about that; I think I will wear my new dress.” [32]

Resources:
An excellent and easy sites to learn grammar with diversity of all grammar subjects:
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammarpage.html
Sign up to this web site to get free grammar eBooks and lessons:
http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com
If you want more information about tenses you can go to this address:
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/tenses

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 33

 Grammar

Apps
1-Practice English Grammar
https://goo.gl/wsGQse (iOS)
https://goo.gl/yVN3X6 (Android)
2-Grammar Up : Free Edition
https://goo.gl/oyXoH9 (iOS)
https://goo.gl/8CKZfX (Android)

Books:
1- Oxford English grammar.
2- Nelson grammar.
3- The Grammar Book: An ESL/EFL Teacher's Course.

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 34

 Listening
Listening is the best way to learn any language most of us probably learned English
this way so its really important to improve this skill not just for understanding the
lecturer but also for everyday life, and here are some tips to improve it:
-First you have to believe that you can do it that you can understand what you
hear if you tried to or want to this positivity will be the half way to improve your
listening skill.
-The best way to improve is to listen to English. A lot. There's no way around it;
you have to spend hours and hours listening to people speaking English. Listen to
things that interest you. If you don't enjoy something, it's going to be hard for you
to continue. You'll get bored and stop.[33]
-Interactive listening is best. In other words, it's better to talk with someone than
just to listen to a recorded TV show, radio program, or podcast. When you talk to
people live, you listen more carefully, and you also think about how you're going
to respond.[33]

-Don't just listen to the same kind of English all the time. Don't just listen to the
news, or only watch TV comedies. Expose yourself to a variety of different kinds of
situations and topics.[33]
-Prefer English captions to subtitles in your native language. When you read
subtitles in your language, it keeps your brain locked into "native language mode".
English subtitles are good, though. They help you to match words that you know
with their natural pronunciations.[33]

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 35

 Listening

- Try listening to English in different ways.[33]

- Talk one-on-one with an English-speaking tutor a few times a week.[33]
- Have a daily conversation, academic discussion, and attend some public
discussions, record these things while taking notes. Then listen to the record
again one or two times and try finding your mistakes.[34]
Resources:
Web sites for English listening practice:
https://www.englishlistening.com
http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening-skills-practice

strategies and techniques to improve your listening skill.

http://www.fluentu.com/english/blog/how-to-improve-english-listening-skills
http://www.learnenglish.de/improveenglish/improvelisteningpage.html
http://reallifeglobal.com/secret-tips-to-drastically-improve-your-english-listening-esl
Apps
(Android)
1-learn English listening
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.yobimi.bbclearningenglish
2-English listening daily
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.chris.nqc.listendaily.englishlisted
aily.listenenglishdaily
3-English listening
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=pl.luglasoft.englishlistening

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 36

 Listening

(iOS)
1-LearnEnglish Podcasts - English listening practice
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/learnenglish-podcasts-english/id369851807?mt=8
2-English Listening And Speaking
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/english-listening-speaking/id1016970655?mt=8
3-Stitcher Radio for Podcasts
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/stitcher-radio/id288087905?mt=8

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 37

 Writing
- “writing is an extremely complex cognitive activity in which the writer is required
to demonstrate control of a number of variables simultaneously. At the sentence
level, these include control of content, format, sentence structure, vocabulary,
punctuation, spelling, and letter formation.”[35]
- People who took the IELTS exam in Saudi Arabia in 2015 scored the lowest score
in writing skill compared to the other three skills that the test measures.[36]

- Reading plays a crucial role in the process of improving your writing skills. When
you read you are exposed to new vocabulary, writing styles, grammar usage which
you will consciously or unconsciously use it in your writing. [37]
- Using Thesaurus will provide you with a huge variety of synonym and antonym,
which will help you to choose the most suitable vocabulary.
Getting feedback on your writing is one of the most effective methods to improve
your writing [39], that’s why you should ask someone who is skilled in English to
give you a detailed feedback on your writing.
- Using Writing checker websites will help you to check for Grammar mistake,
Punctuation, spelling mistake, misused vocabulary and sentence structure.
However Keep in mind that Writing checkers aren’t as accurate as human.
To improve your writing skill you need to write more frequently, There are many
ways that you can practice writing such as, participating in forums, chat
conversations, and personal blogging.[38]

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 38

 Writing

Online Courses:
- WRITING IN SCIENCE
A paid course ($20) made by Stanford university. This course is designed to meet the
educational needs of an international audience of physicians, residents and medical
researchers in all specialties. This course seeks to improve skills in scientific writing as
it applies to publishing clear and effective scientific papers and reviewing clinical
research.
https://med.stanford.edu/cme/courses/online/writing15.html
-English Grammar and Essay Writing
A free course made by University of California, Berkeley. This course is An
introduction to academic writing for English Language Learners, focusing on essay
development, grammatical correctness, and self-editing.
https://www.edx.org/course/english-grammar-essay-writing-uc-berkeleyx-colwri2-
2x-0
-English Grammar and Style
A free course made by University of Queensland. This course cover grammatical
principles, word usage, writing style, sentence and paragraph structure, and
punctuation.
https://www.edx.org/course/english-grammar-style-uqx-write101x-3#
- English Composition
A free course made by Arizona state university. This course will help student to
develop and express ideas effectively for a variety of purposes, audiences and
occasions.
https://www.edx.org/course/english-composition-asux-eng101x-1#
-

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 39

 Writing

- Adventure in writing.
A free course made by Stanford university. The course a series of graphic-novel style
learning modules designed to help the students to learn more about and practice a
range of effective written communication skills.
https://lagunita.stanford.edu/courses/VPUE/PWR/AdventuresinWriting/about

Books:
-Writing Better English for ESL Learners, Second Edition 2nd Edition by Ed Swick
-Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation, by Lynne Truss
-Four principles to help non-native speakers of English write clearly by JOHN R. BOWER
-Science Research Writing for Non-Native Speakers of English by Hilary Glasman-Deal
-Spilling Ink: A Young Writer's Handbook by Anne Mazer, Ellen Potter.

Writing Checkers:
- Grammarly
https://app.grammarly.com/
- Paper rater
http://paperrater.com/
- After the deadline
http://www.afterthedeadline.com/
- Hemingway App
http://beta.hemingwayapp.com/

Self study guide for English Skills Improvement 40

1. Most Widely Spoken Languages in the World. (n.d.). Retrieved December 25, 2016,
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2. Noack, R., & Gamio, L. (n.d.). The world’s languages, in 7 maps and charts. Retrieved
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22. Improving your English Pronunciation. (n.d.). Retrieved December 25, 2016,
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25, 2016, from http://www.englishteachermelanie.com/how-to-improve-your-
english-pronunciation/
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45