Life and Works of Jose Rizal exercise of religion that in turn would seriously injure

the
I. RA 1425 Catholic faith and its believers. The arguments they
“An act to include in the Curricula of All Public and presented:
Private schools, Colleges and Universities courses on the 1. They argued that the novels have passages that
life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly His negate the teachings of the Catholic Faith
Novel Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, 2. These passages violate the freedom of the Church
Authorizing the printing and Distribution Thereof, and and the state.
For Other Purposes”. 3. They feel that it is their sacred duty to come to the
conclusion that these works fall under Canon Law 1399
 Mandates the study of life, works and writings of which establishes books that are forbidden.
Rizal.
 The Board of National Education is hereby authorized With these contentions, Senator Recto and Laurel
and directed to adopt forthwith measures to implement stood firm on their arguments:
and carry out the provisions of this Section. 1. Rizal novels should be read in every generation for
 The Board shall promulgate rules and regulations the Filipinos to know the sufferings, ideals and sacrifices
providing for the exemption of students for reasons of of the Filipino people that led us to where we are today
religious belief stated in a sworn written statement, and in the future.
from 2. Rizal novels would allow us to see ourselves; it is
the requirement of the provision contained in the through the works of Rizal which would show not only
second part of the first paragraph of this section; but the strengths and virtues of the Filipinos but also our
not from taking the course provided for in the first part defects and vices as well.
of said paragraph. 3. The only objective of the bill is to foster a better
 It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges, and appreciation of our National Hero‟s role in fighting for
universities to keep in their libraries an adequate freedom against the Spaniards, not to go against any
number of copies of the original and unexpurgated religion
editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as
well as of Rizal‟s other works and biography. II. Rizal in the 19th Century Context
 The Board of National Education shall determine the Just like what we have today, Rizal was also a product of
adequacy of the number of books, depending upon the his time. He did not wake up one day and realized that
enrollment of the school, college, or university. he wanted to become a hero. His life‟s choices were a
response to the successes and failures he experienced.
Historical Background and context in the 1950‟s The 19th century Philippines were not just about people
 The tension is brought about by the issues on the struggling against colonial rule; it was about Filipinos,
following: men and women alike, fighting against political
o Political unrest between Communism and Democratic oppression.
Ideology.  To know why Rizal fought for reforms, one must look
o The growth of Communism in East Asia. into the political conditions of the 19th century to
o Hukbalahap rebellion in the Philippines. understand the political struggles of the Filipinos.
o Magsaysay create a wide-scale propaganda program  To know why Rizal fought against the Spaniards, one
to educate the youth on the evils of communism must assess the how the Spanish government exploited
(Reyno, 2012) the Filipinos through their economic policies.
o In support, Senator Claro M. Recto created Senate Bill  To determine why Rizal attacked the Friars in his
438 known as Rizal Bill. novels, one must understand the Social Realities of the
Filipinos during his time.
Objectives of Rizal Bill
1. To rededicate the lives of the youth to the idea of A. Political Context
freedom and nationalism, for which our hero lived and  Spain was suffering from frequent constitutional and
died; governmental changes that led to colonial instability
2. To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his  Maladministration in the delivery of justice.
life and works in shaping the Filipino character; and  No equality before the law.
3. To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the  Spanish penal code imposed heavier penalties on
study of Rizal‟s life, works and writings. Filipinos.
 Implementation of Polo Y Servicio and tribute.
The Issues and Debates of RA 1425 in the Context of  Racial prejudice against native Filipinos became
1950‟s prevalent.
o Sen. Claro M. Recto authored the Rizal Bill  Existence of Frailocracy or the “government rule of
o Sen. Jose P. Laurel sponsored the Rizal Bill the friar”.
o It sparked the debate in senate that revolved around  Lack of Representation in the Spanish Cortes. It was
the separation of church and state issues. This is year 1811 that the Philippines were represented by a
primarily focused on the “unexpurgated edition” of 71-years old Filipino-Spanish merchant named Ventura
novel. De los Reyes. His diligent representation was one
o The Catholic Bishops Conference in the Philippines reason why the galleon trade was abolished for its
cited several violations of the novels on the free reported abuses.
  School attended: College of Sta. Rosa
 Rizal described her as “a woman of higher culture”
B. Economic Context  She was married to Don Francisco on June 28, 1848.
 The second half of 19th century was a period of rapid
economic growth due to Industrial Revolution. Siblings of Jose Rizal:

The opening of Suez Canal brought several advantages Saturnina “Neneng”

to the Philippines:  Oldest of the siblings
 The distance of travel between Europe and Philippines  Attended La Concordia College in Manila
was significantly shortened.  Married to Manuel Hidalgo of Tanuan Batangas
 It brought the country closer to Spain.  In 1909, she published Pascual Poblete‟s Tagalog
 Principalias were able to send their children to translation of Noli Me Tangere.
universities in Europe.  She died on 1913, at the age of 63.
 The education gained by the ilustrados opened their
minds to the opposing conditions that are happening in Paciano “Ciano”
the colony (Philippines) and the mother country (Spain).  Only brother
 Jose referred to him as “Uto”
C. Social Context  Attended Collegio de San Jose in Manila
 The rise of enlightenment period, where people began  He sent a monthly allowance of 50 pesos to Jose Rizal
to rely on human reason rather than faith and religion.  He became a Military Commander of Katipunan.
 Rise of Middle-Class (Principalias). With the increasing  He married Severina Decena and they had 2 children.
demand for Abaca and other crops in Europe, there was  He died of Tuberculosis at the age of 79
a need for more Filipino to cultivate lands. Manila
became Free port in 1834 primarily to European Narcisa “Sisa”
traders.  She supported her Brother Jose‟s studies abroad.
 Spanish Government allowed Filipinos to rent and  She could narrate all of the poems of Jose Rizal
cultivate lands. To achieve this more families had to  Married to Antonio Lopez, a teacher and musician.
engage in farming. Among those principalia families was  She relentlessly searched for the grave of Rizal in Paco
the family of Rizal. Cemetry and after 2 days she found it and marked the
 Despite of social development, agricultural unrest grave with the initials R.P.J.
continued to grow. Friars who owned the land exploited
the tenants through flimsily increasing land rentals Olimpia “Ypia”
and taxes.  Married to Silvestro Ubaldo, a telegraph operator
from Manila.
III. Rizal as a Person  Jose loved to tease her; he described Ypia as stout
 Name: Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo Realonda sister.
 Birthdate: June 19, 1861  Attended in La Concordia College.
 Birthplace: Calamba, Laguna  She was the schoolmate of Jose‟s first love, Segunda
 Baptized by: Father Rufino Collantes Katigbak.
 Godfather: Rev. Pedro Casañas
Lucia “Lucia”
Mga Sikat na Nobela:  Married to Mariano Herbosa and they had five
 Noli Me Tangere children.
 El Filibuterismo  Mariano died in 1889 Cholera Epidemic, but he was
 Makamisa denied a Christian burial. This was due to the fact that
he was Jose Rizal‟s brother-in-law.
Mga hayop na ipinangalan kay Rizal:  In response Jose Rizal wrote the Una Profanacion.
 Draco Rizali - Lizard  She passed away in 1919.
 Apogonia Rizali - Beetle
 Rhacophorus Rizali – Frog Maria “Biang”
 Married Daniel Faustino Cruz and they had 5 children
Family members:  One of Maria‟s children, Mauricio Cruz, became one
 Father’s name: Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado Y of the students of Rizal in Dapitan.
Alejandra II  She was the recipient of many of Rizal‟s letter.
 Born as the youngest of 13 children of Cirila Alejandro  Maria passed away in 1945.
and Juan Mercado on May 18, 1818 in Biñan, Laguna.
He was from the fourth generation of Chinese Jose “Pepe”
immigrant named Domingo Lamco.  The seventh child of Don Kiko and Doña Lolay.
 School attended: Colegio de San Jose in Manila.  Known on his pen name Laonglaan, Dimasalang at
 Degree: Philosophy and Latin Agno
 He was elected in Calamba as Cabeza De Barangay  Married to Josephine Bracken and had 1 child.
 Mother’s name: Teodora Alonso Realonda Y Quintos  Died on December 30, 1898 at the age of 35
 Born as the second child of Lorenzo Alonso and
Brigida De quintos on November 9, 1827 in Manila.
 Pepe derived from Saint Joseph P.P. (pater putativus  Amigo De los Nios – The Children‟s Friend, a story
in latin) „P‟ is pronounced „peh‟ in Spanish. That‟s why book.
Jose was called as Pepe.  Donya Lolay scolded Jose for drawing on the pages of
the story book.
Concepcion “Concha”  She then read him a story in it to teach him the value
 Died at the age of three (3) of obedience to his parents.
 Cause of death: sickness
 Rizal‟s first sorrow IV. Education of Rizal
 Jose played with her and from her he learned the 1. Calamba
sweetness of a sisterly love.  Doña Teodora – First Teacher
 Taught Jose Rizal the ABC‟s
Josefa “Panggoy”  Stimulated her son‟s imagination by telling many
 She suffered in epilepsy stories
 She joined and was an active member of the
Katipunan. Encouraged to write poems
 Unmarried and lived with sister Trinidad until death.  Uncle of Rizal – Influences
 She died in 1945.
1. Tio Jose Alberto - cultivate his artistic ability
Trinidad “Trining” 2. Tio Manuel - physical exercises
 Known as the custodian of Mi Ultimo Adios 3. Tio Gregorio - intensified avidness to read good
 She also joined Katipunan when Jose died books
 Remained single and share a home with her sister
Josefa  The Private Tutors
 She died in 1951, having outlived all of her siblings 1. Maestro Celestino – was Jose‟s first private tutor.
2. Maestro Lucas Padua - was the second private tutor.
Soledad “Choleng” 3. Leon Monroy – Tutor in Spanish and Latin. He was a
 Youngest of the Rizal‟s siblings classmate of Don Francisco.
 Married Pantaleon Quintero and had 5 children
 Most educated among rizal‟s sister 2. Biñan
 She was an Educator  First formal Schooling
 She passed away in 1929  June 1869
 Rizal was only 9 years old
Surname of Rizal  Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz – Strict disciplinarian.
 CLAVERIA DECREE OF 1849  Pedro – the bully.
 FRANCISCO MERCADO = RIZAL  Andres Salandanan – challenged him to arm-wrestling
 TEODORA ALONSO QUINTOS = REALONDA match.
 Originally “Ricial” which means “the green of young
growth” o During Rizal‟s early education, two disheartening
events drew his attention and disturbed him.
Rizal Birth 1. The imprisonment of Doña Teodora
 Rizal wrote in his diary, Memoirs of a Student in  Arrested for alleged attempt to poison her sister-in-
Manila," that his mother had a difficult time giving birth law.
to him. It is said that Dona Teodora made a pact with  She was around 45 years old
Antipolo's Patroness, Our Lady of Peace and Good  Walk 50 km around Laguna
Voyage, that she would send the child she was carrying  Imprisoned for 2 years without trial
on a pilgrimage to her shrine once she had passed
through the difficult birthing process. The baby was 2. The Death of GomBurZa
saved. Dona Teodora kept her promise. She sent her  200 workers staged a mutiny led by Fernando La
seven- year-old son on a journey from their hometown Madrid
of Calamba to Antipolo, which was then part of the  Mariano Gomez – Bacoor Priest
province of Morong. Don Francisco Mercado, the young  Jose Burgos – Manila Priest
Rizal's father, accompanied him.  Jacinto Zamora – Marikina Priest

Childhood 3. Ateneo De Municipal

 Jose – Body was frail and sickly.  Excellent School for boys
 At the age of 3 – Learned Alphabet  Bachelor Of Art Degree - Sobresaliente
 At the age of 5 – Could read and write.  Initially denied admission:
 In Memory of My Town – a poem about his love for 1. Was already late for registration
his hometown. 2. He was frail and sickly.
 Animal Pet of Rizal  He was admitted because of the intervention of
 Usman – Big black dog Manuel Xeres Burgos.
 Alipato – Pony  To encourage healthy competition, classes in Ateneo
were divided into two groups:
The Story Of The Moth 1. Roman empire
2. Carthaginian empire  Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon (1881) – a poem in tribute to
Ateneo‟s rector.
Individual competitions were used to win these honors,
in which one had to catch one‟s opponent in error RIZAL STOP ATTENDING CLASS on 1882
three times. When an individual from one empire was Reasons:
caught in error by one from the opposing empire, a  The Dominican Professor were hostile to him
point was awarded to the latter. As a newcomer, Jose  The Spaniards discriminated Filipinos based on their
was placed at the back of the class at first, but he was race.
quickly promoted and continued to be promoted until,  The teaching method was antiquated and oppressive
at the end of one month, he had attained the rank of  He did not received high scholastic honors as a result
Emperor. of hisprofessors‟ attitude.

 JOSE BECH - a man with mood swing. He was a bit of a 5. Universidad Central de Madrid
lunatic with a sporadic sense of humor.  On Nov 3, 1882, he enrolled in coursed: Medicine -
Fair
 FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANCHEZ - best professor, a  Philosophy and Letters – with honours.
model of decency, solitude and love for the student.  On June 1884 he was awarded with the Degree of
Licentiate in Medicine -
Rizal also participate in the following:  Dr. Miguel Morayta – “freedom of Science and the
o Gymnastics teacher should be protected”
o Fencing
o Sculpture – Romualdo de Jesus  6. Other Places and Universities attended by Rizal for
o Drawing and painting – Don Agustin Saez Seminar/training/part-time job.
 Books encountered:
o The Count of Monte Cristo – first foreign book read by
Rizal.
o Travels in the Philippines – book which had greatest
influence upon the
young man‟s career.
 4. University of Sto. Tomas
 Enrolled on April 1877 V. Rizal as a Person
 Nearly 16 y/o  Actor
 Study Philosophy and Letters  Agriculturist
 He enrolled for 2 reasons:  Ambassador of Good Will
 His father like it  Animal Lover
 He is unsure of what career to pursue  Anthropologist
 After his first year, he enrolled to medicine.  Archeologist
 He pursued medicine for the following reasons:  Ascetic
 To cure his mother‟s failing eyesight  Bibliophile
 Fr. Pablo Ramon recommended medicine  Botanist
 Land Surveyor and Assessors Degree – Ateneo.  Businessman
 In 1879, he joined in Artistico-Literario and submitted  Cartographer
his poem A La Juventud  Chess Player
 Cosmopolitan man
Filipina. He won First Place and received feathered  Commentator
shaped and gold-ribbon-  Conchologist
decorated silver pen.  Educator
 Ethnologist
 His allegorical drama, El Consejo De Los Dioses, won  Father of Community School
for First Place.  Fencer
 He received gold ring engraved with a bust of  Freemason
Cervantes.  Historian
 Humorist
 Cervantes, Spanish author of Don Quixote.  Ichthyologist
 The book had a major influence on the literary  Japanophile
community, as evidenced by direct references in  Journalist
Alexandre Dumas' The Three Musketeers (1844), Mark  Ichthyologist
Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), and  Lover of truth
Edmond Rostand's Cyrano de Bergerac (1897),  Musicians
 Mythologist
Other works published by Rizal:  Nationalist
 Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma (1879)  Ophthalmologist
 Junto al Pasig (1880) Zarzuela performed by Ateneans.  Orientalist
 A Filipinas (1880) – a sonnet
 Pharmacologist
 Philologist
 Philosopher
 Physical Culturist
 Poet
 Politician
 Polyglot
 Proof Reader
 Propagandist
 Public Relation man
 Reformer
 Researcher
 Revolutionist
 Rhetorician
 Rural Reconstruction Worker
 Scientist
 Sculptor
 Sharpshooter
 Sinologist
 Sociologist
 Sodalist
 Sportsman
 Tourist and Traveler
 Tuberculosis Expert
 Youth Leader
 Zoologist

Poems of Rizal

X. Essays of Rizal

 “El Amor Patrio” (The Love of Country)

 “A La Defensa” (To La Defensa)
 “Una Profanacion” (A Desecration/A Profanation)
 “Llanto Y Risas” (Tears and Laughter)
 “Filipinas Dentro De Cien Anos” (The Philippines
within One Hundred Years)
 Sobre La Nueva Ortografia De La Lengua Tagala” (On
The New Orthography of The Tagalog Language)
 “Sobre La Indolencia De Los Filipinas” (The Indolence
of the Filipinos)
 To The Young Women of Malolos”

XI. Rizal in Dapitan

 From July 17, 1892 to July 31, 1896
 a period of four years and 13 days –Jose Rizal lived the
life of a political exile in Dapitan, the northern
Mindanao which today is part of the province of
Zamboanga del Norte, near Dipolog