INSTRUCTION MANUAL FT-102 YAESU MUSEN CO., LTD. CPO. BOX 15% TOKYO, JAPANCONTENTS, GENERAL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS TUBES AND SEMICONDUCTORS . FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND SWITCHES REAR PANEL CONNECTORS AND CONTROLS. BOTTOM COVER CONTROLS INTERCONNECTIONS INTERCONNECTION CABLE INFORMATION INSTALLATION Preliminary Inspection Power Conne ion Transceiver Location and Ground Antenna Considerations MICROPHONE INFORMATION OPERATION Frequency Indication Receiver Operation Shift/Width Control Operation Transmitter Operation SSB Operation Speech Processor Adjustment CW Operation CW Spot Using Sidetone Reference AM Operation FM Operation SSTV Operation CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Receiver Transmitter Common Circuits MAINTENANCE AND ALIGNMENT OPTIONAL CRYSTAL FILTER INSTALLATION AM/FM UNIT INSTALLATIONFT-102 HF ALL MODE TRANSCEIVER GENERAL DESCRIPTION The FT-102 presents the amateur radio operator with a unique combination of the latest designs specifically directed toward the best receiver performance and transmitter signal purity that can be achieved with today’s state-of-the-art electronics. All band coverage is provided for CW, SSB and SSTV operation and AM reception, while AM transmission and FM operation are pos- ‘sible when the optional AM/FM unit is installed. PLL frequency synthesis provides both stable local and BFO signals, kept exceptionally clean by using six VCOs; while the all-new VFO design incorporates a special IC allowing remarkable stability and simplicity of construction, The unique 24 VDC receiver front end employs four JFETs for the high Idss RF amplifier and mixer, and the RF amplifier may be switched out of the circuit for those situations that call, for extraordinarily wide dynamic range. IFs of 8.2 MHz and 455 kHz assure freedom from images while providing maximum potential for tailoring, of the IF passband. A completely new circuit design is used to provide IF shift/width variations with just one control, while independently adjust- able IF notch and audio peak filters are also included. The exceptional noise blanker circuit has its blanking pulse width adjustable from the front panel, vastly improving its effectiveness over other designs. Optional crystal filters are available for ten possible parallel or cascaded configurations to provide both narrow CW and SSB bandwidths from 270 Hz to 2.7 kHz, and 6 kHz for AM ‘The audio stages of the transmitter include low-cut and high-cut filters for precise tailoring of the audio before it is applied to the modulator. An extra product detector enables monitoring of the transmitter IF, providing for accurate setting of the RF speech processor and audio filters so that the operator can optimize the signal for his person- al voice characteristics. Dual front panel metering and a new ALC peak hold system take the guess- work out of tuning up, as well as saving valuable time. The final amplifier design incorporates three 6146B tubes with RF feedback to achieve an improvement in third-order IMD suppression over two-tube and solid state designs by approximately a factor of ten, leaving the FT-102 virtually in a class by itself concerning spectral purity of emis- sions, This manual should be studied carefully in order to derive full performance and maximum enjoy- ‘ment from the FT-102,-F » SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL Frequency coverage: Band Range 18 1.8-2.0 MHz 35 3.5—4.0 MHz 7 7.0-1.5 MHz 10 10,0--10.5 MHz* 14 14.0-14.5 MHz 18 18.0-18.5 MHz a 21.0-21.5 MHz 24.5 24,5~25.0 MHz 28, 29 28.0-29.9 MHz Operating Modes: LSB, USB(A3J/J3E); CW(AI/ALA); AM(A3/ ABE) and FM(F3/F3E)** Power requirements: 100, 117, 200, or 234 VAC, 50/60 Hz Power consumption: Receive: 95 VA (73 VA with heaters off) ‘Transmit: 440 VA (for 100 W output) Dimensions (WHD): 368 x 129 x 309 (mm) Weight: ‘Approx. 15 kg TRANSMITTER Power Input: (1.8-25 MHz) (28-29.9 MHz) SsB,cW 240 WDC 160 W DC aAM** 80 W DC 80 WDC SSTV,FM** 120 W DC 120 WDC Carrier suppression: Better than -40 dB at 14 MHz Sideband suppression: Better than -60 dB (14 MHz, | kHz tone) Spurious radiation: Better than -40 dB Transmitter audio frequency response: 300-2900 Hz (-6 dB) adjustable * No reception at 10.33 MHz (fL01—fL02) Third order intermodulation products: Better than -40 dB (14 MHz, 100 W PEP) Negative feedback level: ‘Approx. -6 dB at 14 MHz Frequency stability: Less than 300 Hz drift during the first 30 minutes after 10 minutes warm-up; less than 100 Hz every 30 minutes thereafter. Modulation types: A3J/J3E: balanced modulator A3/A3E**: low level amplitude modulator F3/F3E**: variable reactance modulator Microphone input impedance: Low, 200 to 600 ohms RECEIVER Image rejection: Better than 70 dB from 1.8-21.5 MHz Better than 50 dB from 24.5—-29.9 MHz IF rejection: Better than 70 dB AF output: 1.5 W minimum (8 ohms, 10% THD) AF output impedance: 4-16 ohms Selectivity: (-6 4B/-60 4B): SSB, CW, AM; 2.7/4.8 kHz (with no optional filters), Width adjusts continuously from 2.7 kHz to 500 Hz (-6 dB) Options: SSB nar; CW wide; 1.8/3.1 kHz with XF- 8.2HSN filter CW nar.; 600/1300 Hz with XF-8.2HC filter CW nar.; 300/800 Hz with XF-8.2HCN filter CWnar.; 500/1000 Hz with XF-45SC filter CW nar.; 270/600 Hz with XF-455CN filter AM; 6/124 kHz with XF-8.2GA filter IF notch depth: Better than 40 dB ** Optional AM/FM Unit required for AM transmission and FM operation. 2Sensitivity (worst case, in zV for 10 dB (S+N)/N, except FM): (RF AMP OFF) (RF AMP ON) SSB (no optional filters) 0.25 CW (no optional filters) 0.18 AM (no optional filters) 1.0 FM** (for 20 dB quieting) 04 CW (with APF on) 0.05 SSB (with XF-8.2HSN filter installed) 0.2 CW (with XF-8.2HC filter installed) 0.12 1.0 07 4.0 3.0 0.2 08 Os Dynamic range (with Width Control set for maximum IF width). (RF With no optional filters 90 dB minimum With XF-8.2HC installed 95 dB minimum. With XF-8.2HCN installed 97 dB minimum AMPON) (RF AMP OFF) 95 4B minimum 100 4B minimum 102 dB minimum ** Optional AM/FM Unit required for AM transmission and FM operation. Specifications subject to change without notice or obligation. AC POWER cord ACCESSORIES (supplied as standard) 2 wire, 2 prong plug 3 wire, 3 prong UL plug 3 wire, 3 prong Australian plug 3 wire, 2 prong EU plug FUSE 6A (100-117V AC) 3A (200-234V AC) PHONO PLUG KEY PLUG SPEAKER PLUG ACC I PLUG ACC I PLUG EXTENDER FOOT PAD (STP.58) (SH3001) (P2240) (£6-701B-02) (E5-702B-02) PLASTIC TUNING TOOL 9013280 79013282 79013283 79013284 20000012 0000004 0090018 0090007 0090034 0090032 0090031 R3054620 R3054630 3081530Vacuum Tubes: FCD: ICs 12BY7A, 1 6146B FIPOES 1 AN6551. MC3359 Mca044 MC14011B MC14022B MC14081B MC14518BCP ND487C2-3R (Ring Module) SN74L890 SN74LS192 'SN76514N TATO60AP TA7069P TC5066 TCS070 TCSO81P ‘TCS082P VEO-1 TUBES AND SEMICONDUCTORS uPC78L12 HPC78L15 uPCS77H, uPC7808H uPC7812H uPC2002V 78105 Transistors: 28A496Y 2SAS46AR 28A639Q 28A733Q 2SB705R 28C380Y 28C496Y 28C535B 2SC732GR 2SC732TM.GR 28C945Q 28C1589 28C1815BL 2SC1815GR 28C1815Y 28C1971 28C2229 28c2407 1 4 i 6 1 8 1 5 2 2 23 1 1 ul 27 1 1 2 FETs: 2SK19BL_ 2 2SKI9GR_ 3 2SKI9TM-GR 3 2SK19Y. 2 28K125Y 7 3SK73GR_— 88 Diodes: 1N60 16 (Ge Diode) 1N270 4 (Ge Diode) 181554 1 (Si Diode) 181555 175 (Si Diode) 182236 1 (Varactor Diode) 1Sss3 2 (Si Diode) 18897 30 (Schottky Barrier) Isvso 2 (Varactor Diode) 10D1 3 (Si Diode) 10D10 12 (Si Diode) AWOI-24 (Zener Diode) BZ090 : (Zener Diode) FCS2M 6 (Varactor Diode FCS3M-4 1 (Varactor Diode FC63 1 (Varactor Diode GD4203SRD 2 (LED) HZ3C1 2 (Zener Diode) HZSC2 2 (Zener Diode) HZ6CI 1 (Zener Diode) Hz9C1 1 (Zener Diode) MV104 1 (Varactor Diode) s4v10 1 (Si Bridge) SM1-12 1 (Si Diode) VooB 1 (Si Diode) WZ110 1 (Zener Diode)FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND SWITCHES (1) POWER Thisis the main ON/OFF switch for the transceiver. (2) HEATER With this switch ON, heater voltage is applied to the driver and final amplifier, as well as the cooling fan. For receiving only, tum this switch OFF to conserve energy, if desired. (3) MIC Connect a 600 ohm} impedance microphone to this 8 pin jack. (4) PHONES Connect your headphones (4-16 ohms impedance) to this standard phone jack. If you use stereo headphones with a three-conductor plug you will hear your signal in both ears, as with monaural headphones and a two-conductor plug. Inserting the plug into this jack will disable the speaker. (5) MODE This selector is used to determine the FT-102's mode of operation; LSB, USB, TUNE, CW, AM or FM, The TUNE position is used for adjustment of the final amplifier via the LOADING and PLATE controls. Transmission of AM and all operation of FM require the optional AM/FM unit, (6) AF-9- RF AF This control adjusts the level of the audio gain of the receiver. Rotate this control clockwise to increase the volume. RF This control is the outer of these concentric Knobs. Tum this knob clockwise to increase the gain of the RF and IF amplifiers via the AGC voltage. The fully clockwise position is the point of maximum gain, and this control is normally set in this position. When the RF gain control is tumed counter- clockwise from its maximum position the S- meter reading (during receive) will be changed. The minimum meter reading position will be moved up the scale, although the peak S-level of a given signal will remain the same as long as it is greater than the minimum S-meter position set by the control. (7) Push Button Switches Push these buttons once for the ON function, and push again for the OFF function (out position). (A) MOx ‘This switch allows you to use two hands for adjusting the LOADING and PLATE con- trols when tuning the final amplifier (MODE selector in TUNE position).(B) RF AMP Push this switch in to switch the Ki ampli fier ON for maximum sensitivity. In the presence of strong signals or on noisy bands, set this switch to the out (OFF) position for less noise and interference on the receiver. (C) NAR Press this switch to activate the narrow SSB or CW filter options (when installed), according to the mode selected by the MODE selector. The interaction of these controls is described in the Receiver Opera- tion Section. (D) PROC This switch tums the transmitter RF speech processor on when pressed in. (E) NB Push this switch once to tum on the receiver noise blanker when encountering pulse-type interference. Otherwise this switch should be kept in the OFF (out) position for best receiver performance. (F) MONI Press this switch to monitor the IF signal via the speaker or headphones during trans- mission. Thisenables the operator to monitor ‘the audio signal quality and adjustment of the transmitter. If the speaker is used for monitoring, audio feedback may cause oscillation or unstable VOX operation, requiring careful adjustment of the AF gain, MIC GAIN and VOX GAIN controls. This feedback can be avoided by use of head- Phones. (8) Miniature Knobs ‘These six knobs are normally pressed into a re- cessed position in the front panel, conveniently placing them out of the way when adjustment is, not required. To adjust these controls, press and release the knob you wish to adjust, and it will then pop out to a convenient position. Simply press the knob again to return it to the recessed position, (A), VOX GAIN This control adjusts the sensitivity of the (B) © (D) (E) (F) VOX (voice-actuated transmit) circuit. Clock- wise rotation increases the sensitivity of this circuit to the microphone input. For CW testing or code practice, by rotating the VOX GAIN contro! fully counter-clock- wise, you can monitor your CW keying via the sidetone oscillator without transmitting over the air. DELAY This control adjusts the delay of the VOX switching circuit controlling transmit-to- receive switching, for use during VOX operation or for semi break-in CW delay. MIC GAIN This control sets the gain of the microphone audio amplifier in the transmitter during SSB, AM and FM operation. Clockwise rotation increases the gain. comP During SSB transmission, when the PROC switch is ON, this control adjusts the com- pression level of the RF speech processor. NB LEVEL This control adjusts the degree of blanking by the noise blanker circuit when the NB switch is ON. Turning this control clockwise actually increases the width of the blanking pulse, so it should be tumed clockwise only to the point where the noise is removed, to avoid blanking too much of the desired signal SQL When the optional AM/FM unit is installed, this control will adjust the point at which the receiver is squelched during FM opera- tion.(9) TUNING KNOB Rotate this knob to change the operating fre- quency. A new VFO design is used in the FT-102, incorporating a special IC developed particularly for the circuit to provide extra stability and VFO circuit simplicity. The tuning knob covers 18 kHz per revolution. (10) DIAL This analog dial rotates one full revolution every 100 kHz, and has markings at each 1 kHz, provid- ing a convenient backup to the digital display. (11) Push Button Switches (A) AGC This switch turns the AGC voltage ON or OFF, according to the needs of the operator. With the AGC OFF the S-meter will not function, although the receiver gain can be controlled manually by the RF GAIN control and the relative gain attenuation will then be indicated on the S-meter. (B) FAST/SLOW When the AGC switch is in the ON position, this switch selects the AGC decay rate according to the needs of the operator. (C) ALCMETER This switch, when depressed, activates the “peak hold” circuit for use in adjusting the MIC GAIN and DRIVE controls during SSB transmission. The ALC meter needle will ise to the ALC peak level and hold this indication for one second, after which the needle will drop to zero (if mic input is stopped). When the ALC METER switch is in the NORMAL (out) position, the ALC meter will follow the average ALC voltage. (D) RX Depress this button to activate the clarifier function for the receive frequency. The LED indicator beside this button will then light to indicate that the receiver clarifier func tion is on. (E) TX This button activates the clarifier function for the transmit frequency, also indicated by the nearby LED. Either or both of the RX and TX clarifier functions can be used at one time, (12) CLAR ~~ TONE CLAR When the clarifier function is activated for either receive, transmit or both, this control allows the clarified frequency to be shifted up to plus or minus 2.5 kHz (or more) from the VFO frequency. ‘The actual operating frequency (VFO + clarifier offset) will be indicated by the display. When the RX and/or TX buttons are returned to the OFF (out) position the operating frequency will retum to the original VFO frequency. When the CLAR control is set to the “0” position (straight up) the clarifier frequency is the same as the VFO fre- quency (no offset). TONE This control adjusts the high-cut audio filter in the receiver audio amplifier. Counterclockwise rotation attenuates high frequencies. (13) METER SELECT This selector switch determines the function of METER I (26) for monitoring transmitter para- meters. It may be switched during transmission without causing damage to the circuitry, HV In this position, METER I will indicate the value of the high voltage present at the anodes of the final amplifiers on the innermost scale in hundreds of volts. Ic With the METER SELECT switch in this position, METER I will indicate the sum total of the current through the cathodes of the final tubes on the outermost scale, in milliamperes. PO This function allows the meter to provide a relative indication of the output power to the antenna jack. As the indication is relative, no specific meter scale is provided.cOMP This position will cause the meter to indicate the compression, in decibels, of the speech processor when used for SSB transmission, on the second from outermost meter scale. (14) NOTCH (push button) ites the IF notch filter when This switch a depressed. (15) NOTCH —2— APF (controls) NOTCH When the IF notch filter is activated this inner knob tunes the center frequency of the IF notch across the IF passband. Its adjustment is independ- ent of the VFO frequency, IF shift/width setting, and the APF frequency, APF When the APF circuit is activated this outer knob tunes the center frequency of the audio peak filter, Its adjustment is also independent of the other controls. (16) APF (push button) During CW operation, depress this switch to activate the audio peak filter. (17) SHIFT/WIDTH This control consists of two knobs friction-coupled for most convenient control over the IF passband during SSB and CW reception. The flange of the round inner knob has a window cut out, through which may be seen a gray and/or black area con- nected to the outer paddle knob. To adjust the width of the IF passband, rotate one knob while holding the other stationary. The resulting width of the IF passband will then be indicated by the size of the gray zone showing in the window. Once this has been set, rotate both knobs together to shift the IF passband across the incoming signal. Rotating the knobs to the left will pass the upper sideband (USB), and rotating to the right will pass the lower sideband (LSB). Refer to the Operation Section of this manual for additional details. (18) PRESELECT ‘This control tunes the driver stage for transmission at the operating frequency. When the RF amplifier is ON, this control also tunes the receiver input to the amplifier. (19) DRIVE During CW, AM, FM, and TUNE operation of the transmitter this control adjusts the level of the carrier. During SSB transmission, when the speech processor is in use, this control adjusts the drive Ievel to the processor. (20) 40.5 When the BAND selector is set to 28 or 29 MHz positions, pressing this button will shift the operat- ing frequency up S00 kHz, so that the operating frequency range will then be 28.5-29.0 MHz or 29.5-29.7 MHz, respectively. (21) BAND This selector is used to set the operating frequency band. (22) PLATE This control tunes the capacitor in the final ampli- fier tank circuit. Resonant ranges for each band are marked on the scale, with the 1:8 MHz band range covering the whole scale, and the 3.5 MHz range also overlapping. The setting of this control is dependent upon the impedance of the load (antenna system), so settings may vary slightly for impedances other than 50 ohms. (23) LOADING This control matches the impedance of the final amplifier tank circuit with that of the load con- nected to the antenna jack. (24) DISPLAY The fluorescent display includes an indication of the operating mode as well as digital display of ‘the operating frequency to the nearest 100 Hz. WN indicates narrow CW, CW-W indicates wide CW, and AM-N shows for all AM operation.(25) METER I This meter indicates the received signal strength in Seunits and decibels above $-9 on the upper scale during receive operation, and ALC level (peak or average) on the lower scale during transmis- sion. The correct ALC operating range is indicated by the black zone at the left side of the scale. (26) METER I The function of this meter during transmission is determined by the position of the METER SELECT (13) rotary switch. During FM recep- tion this meter functions as a discriminator indi- cator for tuning purposes using the second from innermost DISC scale, whereby received signals are tuned so that the meter indicates in the center of the scale. During reception of other modes this meter is not used. les, GS Monaural type MScs)Jo oo] Ioceeee ooo} o°2 0 O\REAR PANEL CONNECTORS AND CONTROLS (1) GND For best performance and safety, use this stud to connect the transceiver to a good earth ground through a large braided cable not more than 10 feet long. Ground all other station equipment and accessories to this point. (2) ANT (coaxial jack) This standard SO-239 type jack is for connection to the coaxial feedline to the antenna, linear amplifier or antenna coupler. Never transmit without having a load with 50 ohms impedance at the operating frequency connected to this jack, (3) RX ANT (jacks and switch) EXT RCVR This jack may be used to connect an external re- ceiver to the main antenna (connected to the ANT. (2) coaxial jack) for operation at the same time as the FT-102 receiver, such as for spotting during contest operation. This jack connects through the T-R relay so that is automatically disconnected from the antenna whenever the FT-102 is trans- mitting. However, special care must be exercised to ensure that no AC, DC or RF energy from a transmitter is ever applied to this jack, as the lamp fuse in the receiver input will blow. ANT (RCA type jack) This jack is for connection of a separate antenna for receive only, such as during 1.8 MHz operation using a loop antenna for receiving. Again, special care must be exercised not to allow any power to be applied to this jack. ‘SEP/NORM (slide switch) This switch enables the operator to select one of the following receiver/antenna arrangements: SEP Receive via external receiver (only) using main station antenna (connected to coaxial ANT jack). Transmit also on main antenna. In this switch position, the FT-102 receiver may be operated from another antenna connected to the ANT RCA jack, but can not use the main antenna. TX ANT SEP EXT RCVR ANT NORM RXNORM With the slide switch in this position the external receiver Gack) has no connection in the FT-102. However, the FT-102 receiver is connected to both the main antenna (coaxial ANT jack) through the T-R relay and to the ANT RCA jack. Therefore, no connec- tions should be made to the ANT RCA jack if the operator intends to transceiver normally on the main antenna. Any connection to the ANT RCA jack will be connected in parallel with the main antenna during receive, and will function as an independent receive antenna during transmit. (4) RF OUT This RCA jack provides low level transmitter output for a transverter. Output signal level is approximately -64Bm (0.1Vrms) at SO ohms. (5) FUSE This fuse holder may be opened with a Phillips screwdriver to replace the fuse. The fuse is a 6 Amp type (3 Amp for 200-234V operation) and must not be replaced with any other value except when changing the operating voltage as illustrated on page 16. (6) AC This three-pin connector accepts the AC line cord, Before connecting AC power make sure that the line voltage to be used agrees with the voltage that the FT-102 is wired for. If it is not, rewire the FT-102 power transformer for the available voltage, as shown on page 16. Never connect any DC vol- tage to this connector. (7) EXT VFO Use this DIN jack to connect an external VFO, such as the FV-102DM, to the transceiver. (8) RCVR ‘An external receiver may be connected to this T-pin DIN jack for muting, sidetone and scanning control signals from the FT-102. This jack is also used for the FV-102DM VFO, which then accepts external receiver system connections. (9) ACCI This 6-pin DIN jack provides access to the control circuitry for connection of a transverter. (10) ACC-2 This 5-pin DIN jack provides T-R switching and ALC control input connections for interconnection with a linear amplifier. (11) RCA JACK BOARD (A) AUX This is an extra jack with no intemal con- nections, provided for the operator’s conve- nience. It may be easily wired to suit the needs of a particular station setup or for special operating requirements. (B) PATCH This jack provides for audio input to the transmitter, for connection of a phone patch such as that contained in the SP-102P. (©) IF OUT2 ‘This jack provides wideband IF output from an early stage of the receiver for connection to a bandscope or spectrum analyzer. (D) AF OUT Constant level audio output from the receiver is available here for recording purposes. Signal level is approximately 400mV at 50k ohms, and is unaffected by the AF GAIN and TONE controls on the front panel. (E) PIT ‘This jack is connected to the push-to-talk switching line, allowing external control of transmit-receive switching, such as via a footswitch. The transmitter is activated whenever the center contact of this jack is connected to ground. (F) IF OUT-1 ‘The receiver's narrowband 2nd IF signal can be monitored via this jack using a monitorscope.(12) (A) PO ADS This potentiometer adjusts the sensitivity of METER I when used as a PO (power output) indicator. At the factory, this control is preset to provide 80% deflection of the meter when the transmitter is tuned for maximum power output into a SO ohm dummy load. (B) A-TRIP This control sets the anti-trip threshold level at which speaker output ceases to activate the transmitter through the microphone during VOX operation. (©) KEY ‘A manual key or output from an automatic keyer may be connected to this two-conduc- tor jack for CW operation. Key-up voltage is +4V, and key-down current is 0.4mA. 12 (D) (E) (F) (G) EXT SP This two-conductor jack offers audio output for an external speaker, such as the SP-102 or the SP-102P. The intemal speaker is disabled when a plug is inserted into this jack A-TRIP IN When an external receiver is used with the FT-102, and the VOX system is used for transmitting; audio output from the external receiver may be connected to this jack for the anti-trip circuit in the FT-102, MARK This switch activates the frequency marker generator in the receiver. 12 ‘This jack provides low current 12V DC output for auxiliary equipment, such as the FC-102 antenna tuner. Maximum available current is 300 milliamperes.BOTTOM Covi ER CONTROLS These potentiometers are accessible through holes in the bottom cover. Lay the transceiver on its side, and use the plastic tuning tool provided to make these adjustments, (1), (2) TX AUDIO VR3001, VRaoo2 These controls are used for shaping the audio spectrum of the transmit audio. from the mi- crophone before it is applied to the modulator. VR3o01 adjusts high frequency response and VRsoo2 adjusts low frequency response. (3), (4) SIDETONE VRyo0s. VRsoos ‘The CW sidetone oscillator pitch and volume are adjusted by these controls. VRsoos adjusts sidetone pitch, while VRsooe adjusts sidetone volume, ‘apie BTIOm BOTTOM PANEL FEET The feet on the bottom panel may be changed, if it is desired to change the viewing angle for the FT-102. In the accessory kit for your FT-102 there are two extender feet with mounting pads. These may be installed either in front or in back, accord- ing to the requirements of your station.INTERCONNECTIONS FT-102 SP-102 -_ exrse [|| Ieur LI) ) ge uneour POO} a : ANTENNA FT-102 FV-102DM FL-2100Z FT-102 ANTENNAFL-2100Z(ALC) TI ecve) ‘a FL-21002Z(RY) INTERCONNECTION CABLE INFORMATION Fue T60z FT-102(ANT) P/N 79101277(0PTION) ee »/N T9101 285(OPTION) l SPIN ji—— (Gray) FT-102(EXT SP) P/N T9101275(OPTION) FC-102(0C 12V) py T9101 220(0P TION) 6 PIN No 1. TX GND. 2 KeY-1 3 100kHz(REF.) OUT. 4 NG. 5. RX GND. P 6 GND. Shell. GND. ACC +8v. +12V. +500kH2, TK 12V. cwav. EXT VFO IN, GNo. SAMPLE IN. EXT VFO/RCVR A -15- FT-102(acc-2) Pw ALC inner conductor 2. ALG/RY outer conductor 3. RY inner conductor 4. ALC/RY outer conductor oe sP-102 FT-102(12v) tie —o e PIN No. i nic. 2. GND. 3. TX GND. 4. GND, 5. RX GND. Shell. GND. ACC2 PIN No. 1. uP, 2. FAST. 3. GND. 4. OWN. 5. MUTE, 6 SIDE TONE OUT. 7. 100kH2 (REF) OUT. EXT VFO/RCVR BINSTALLATION The FT-102 is designed to be a single-unit station for fixed or portable operation from AC power. Power supply connections providing for operation from a variety of source voltages are available, Please read the following sections carefully, so as to ensure proper installation of your new transceiver. PRELIMINARY INSPECTION Upon opening the packing carton, immediately give the transceiver a thorough visual inspection. Check to see that all controls and switches are working freely, and inspect the cabinet for any signs of damage. If any damage has been sustained, immediately contact the shipping company, and document the damage completely. Save the pack- ing carton and foam packing material for possible use at a later date, cree POWER CONNECTION The FT-102 is designed for use in many areas of the world, using supply voltages that may differ from your local supply voltage. For this reason, be absolutely certain that the voltage specification, marked on the rear of the transceiver agrees with the local AC supply voltage, THIS INSPECTION MUST BE MADE BEFORE CONNECTING THE AC POWER CORD TO THE REAR APRON OF. THE TRANSCEIVER. If the transceiver is wired for another supply voltage, change the connections to the primary of the power transformer as shown below. Also change the label on the rear panel. CAUTION PERMANENT DAMAGE WILL RESULT IF IM- PROPER AC SUPPLY VOLTAGE IS APPLIED TO THE TRANSCEIVER. OUR WARRANTY DOES NOT COVER DAMAGE CAUSED BY APPLICATION OF IMPROPER SUPPLY VOLT- AGE. DO NOT CONNECT THE AC POWER CORD TO A DC POWER SOURCE. zsevec — 220wc = 200vAc =I VAC = OWAC «100 Vac POWER TRANSFORMER PRIMARY CONNECTIONS,| | TRANSCEIVER LOCATION AND GROUND. In any station installation, an important considera tion is adequate air circulation around the final amplifier compartment. Do not place books or papers on or around the cabinet, and do not place the FT-102 on top of another heat-generating device such as linear amplifier. Avoid heat ducts and window locations that might expose the transceiver to direct sunlight. Ground the transceiver using a heavy braided cable of the shortest length possible. Cold water pipes are generally not satisfactory as grounding points; it is better to use earth rods with the grounding cable securely connected to each point in the ground system. ANTENNA CONSIDERATIONS ‘The FT-102 is designed for use with an antenna system presenting a 50-75 ohm resistive load at the antenna jack, While the transmitter output circuitry is designed for uniform response within this impedance range, significant departures from the 50-75 ohm specification will result in serious- ly degraded transceiver performance, and may result in damage to the final amplifier tubes. If an open-wire feedline is used, or if the input impedance of the antenna system presents a higher than specified, some sort of antenna tuner must be used to provide the proper impedance for the transceiver. See your Yaesu dealer for details of the FC-102 antenna coupler. or lower impedan 7MICROPHONE The eight pin microphone jack includes provision for external scanning when the FV-102DM external VEO is used with the transceiver, as well as micro- phone and PTT input. The Yaesu models YM-34, -35, -36, -37, and -38 can all be used, with the FT-102, while the MD-1B8 desk top microphone and MH-IB8 hand microphone are especially recommended where use of the scanning feature is anticipated, and the MH-1A8 hand microphone for similar performance without scanning controls. If you use a non-Yaesu microphone, be certain tg connect the microphone plug correctly. The nominal microphone input impedance is 600 ohms. M188 INFORMATION —_ wo 885 wire @9 *: wart ‘TONE seLecT Vor ea, BLUE Pr LocK RED conn vs ie veg ‘OREN veLiow uve Brown ORANGE Reo. Lack: waite ee eel ) swiexoe0 MD-1B8 MICROPHONE CONNECTIONS ve 4. a we MH-1B8 MICROPHONE CONNECTIONSx& ce a & mae YM-37 MICROPHONE CONNECTIONS 6000 SOKA DWN Sener coal Frc |oT[ceeane UP 42> cncen YM-38MIGROPHONE. CONNECTIONS 19OPERATION The tuning procedure for this transceiver is not complicated. However, some functions are unique to the FT-102, and are not contained in other transceivers. Therefore, to obtain maximum per- formance, set up your transceiver for operation according to the following procedures. Before inserting the AC plug into the wall outlet, the following procedure must be performed. 1. Connect a proper antenna or a dummy load, having an impedance of SO ohms at the ‘operating frequency, to the coaxial ANT jack on the rear panel. 2. To the front panel microphone jack connect 2600 ohm impedance microphone (if desired), or for CW operation a manual key or external keyer may be connected to the KEY jack. For detailed pin connections to the micro- phone plug or keyjack, refer to the diagrams on pages 9 and 18. Your Yaesu dealer can provide a suitable microphone for your re- quirements. 3, If’ desired, headphones may be connected to the PHONES jack on the front panel. The impedance of the headphones should be 4—16 ohms, 4. Before inserting the AC plug from the trans- ceiver into the wall outlet, ensure that the transceiver power switch is off and be certain your FT-102 AC voltage requirements match your local line voltage. FREQUENCY INDICATION Frequency readout on the FT-102 is by digital as well as analog displays. The analog readout dial provides resolution to 1 kHz while the digital display provides resolution to 100 Hz. To match the analog frequency indication to the digital display, simply hold the VFO dial knob stationary with one hand while rotating the cali- brating ring on the dial knob until the indications match. The CLAR button must be OFF (out) when this adjustment is made. 20 RECEIVER OPERATION (1) Preset the controls and switches as follows: POWER OFF HEATER . OFF MODE . . USB (above 10 MHz) or LSB AF -» Counterclockwise RF ........... Fully clockwise MOX .. . OFF (out) RF AMP ....... ON (in) NAR OFF (out) NB. . OFF (out) SQL . Counterclockwise AGC... ON (out) FAST/SLOW ... FAST (out) RX . OFF (out) Jeane OFF (out) TONE Center (12 o'clock) position NOTCH . OFF (switch out) APF . .. OFF (switch out) SHIFT/WIDTH . . Center positions PRESELECT ... Center position BAND . « Desired band Tum the POWER switch ON. The meters and analog display should light up, and the operating frequency and mode will appear on the digital display. Adjust the AF gain control for a comfortable listening level, and adjust the PRESELECT control for maximum receiver noise or signal level. The PRESELECT control may require repeaking if the operating frequency is changed considerably. (When the RF AMP is OFF the PRESELECT control will not affect reception, but it must always be peaked for transmission, as described later.) Q) (3)_If an incoming signal is drifting or transmitting on a slightly different frequency, the RX clarifier function may be activated by pushing the RX button. The nearby LED will illumi- nate, and the receive frequency may then be offset up to about #2.5 kHz. The digital display will now indicate the clarified receive frequency, while the analog display will indicate the original frequency (no offset).@ ) © o (8) When pulse-type noise is encountered, tum the NB switch ON. Now rotate the NB LEVEL control to an effective point. The best setting of the noise blanker is the point at which the noise pulses just disappear to allow copying of the signal. Whenever strong signals are encountered or band noise is high enough to keep the S-meter above several S-units, the RF AMP may be switched off, thereby increasing the superb strong-signal handling capability of the receiver. The RF gain control, normally kept at its most clockwise position, may be adjusted to provide additional attenuation and a preset AGC level, which will be indicated on the S-meter. This will serve to block those signals weaker than the preset S-meter level, while passing stronger signals. AGC time constant selection is accomplished by the FAST/SLOW switch, when the AGC switch is ON. The FAST/SLOW switch will have no effect when the AGC switch is OFF, and the S-meter will also be disabled (except for RF gain indication, as mentioned above), Adjust the TONE control to obtain the most pleasing audio for the particular mode of ‘operation and speaker (or headphones) in use. Different speakers and headphones have dif- ferent audio response characteristics which can be compensated by this control, while the different bandwidths used for different modes may have their associated “bassiness” or “hissing” attenuated, When an interfering heterodyne appears, such as from a broadcast station, CW signal or “tuner upper” during SSB operation; a beat between two close AM stations during AM operation; or a second CW signal during CW operation; press the NOTCH button and gradually tune the NOTCH control to remove the heterodyne. Tune slowly, as the setting of this control is critical. ai (9) ATTENUATION During CW operation under crowded or weak- signal conditions the APF filter can be acti- vated, filtering out all but a very small slice of audio frequencies. Use this feature after tuning the SHIFT/WIDTH for optimum setting, when the remaining passband is still crowded or the noise level is still disagreeable. Press the APF button and carefully tune the APF control for peaking (by ear or audio scope) of the desired signal. Note that practically all noise and QRM has vanished; however, it is important to bear in mind that signals blocked by the APF are still producing AGC action, so the S-meter may not be used for peaking. Switch the APF OFF when tuning to a new frequency of adjusting the SHIFT/WIDTH. The APF feature can be used at the same time as the NOTCH filter, but only during CW operation. APE RESPONSE LAT! 1 i FREQUENCY (10) A variety of optional IF filters allow the operator to choose from several possible filter configurations for both CW and SSB narrow bandwidths as shown in the chart. When narrow filters are installed, simply press the NAR button to select the appropriate narrow filter for the particular mode in use. When in the CW mode, the display will indicate CW-N or CW-W for narrow or wide bandwidth. ‘AM is always indicated by AM-N.XF oon XF-8.2HS. Fin 8.2M.208 Foes XF-8.26A XF oon IEB2HG/IKN 8 ss8cw ur-4554) RECEIVE IF FILTER SELECTIONS SHIFT/WIDTH CONTROL OPERATION ‘The variable bandwidth and IF shift feature allows the setting of optimum bandwidths and passband frequency selection during SSB and CW reception, for minimized QRM and peaked signal-to-noise ratio under all conditons. The two friction-coupled controls are normally aligned so that the window in the skirt of the round inner knob is straight up, while the paddle of the control is straight down, causing the entire exposed area within the window to be the gray portion of the paddle control. Note that neither knob adjusts shift or width alone, but that the adjustment of either affects both shift and width. The size of the gray area exposed through the window represents the selected width of the passband, while the position of this exposed gray area relative to the 12 o'clock position (straight up) represents the position of the IF passband relative to the true carrier frequency of the signal. To use the SHIFT/WIDTH system most effectively, narrow the WIDTH to the estimated optimum (the bandwidth that will eliminate the QRM or QRN without removing too much of the desired signal). ‘This bandwidth will depend on the relative strengths and transmit carrier frequencies, of the signals, as well as the noise level; and will require some experimentation to achieve the optimum setting. The special control configuration allows you to narrow the bandwidth while at the same time shifting the passband using only one hand to contro! both functions easily. First grasp the round 2 knob and rotate it slightly while holding the paddle stationary with one finger. Observe the gray area through the control window, and notice that a black area comes into view from one side of the window. This black area represents that portion of the original bandwidth that is now blocked by the filter, while the remaining gray area represents the remaining passband. Secondly, rotate the round knob and paddle together (by turning either) to shift the (narrowed) passband across the received signal’s bandwidth. Note that as the remaining exposed gray area is positioned to the left of center the upper sideband signals will pass, while to the right of center the lower sideband signals will pass. If QRM is still present the size of the exposed gray area may be further reduced, but the passband will become too narrow to permit readability if the exposed gray area is made too small. It will be noticed that the width of the passband may be narrowed much more for CW than for SSB to still maintain readability. With practice the op- erator will quickly find that the SHIFT/WIDTH system can be used for reducing or eliminating most types of QRM, including heterodynes near the edge of the passband that may be outside of the range of the NOTCH filter. Also, when band noise is high, the bandwidth can be adjusted so as to eliminate a large portion of the noise while still passing the signal. During AM operation the width feature is disabled, but the shift feature will still prove useful for eliminating interference.MODE (LSB) MODE SHIFT/ WIDTH Sn 1 © ons 1d | Q OO ft Seas [ir OO] Lb ess TRANSMITTER OPERATION ‘The following tuning procedure must be performed prior to commencing transmission on the desired band and mode, Please study this entire procedure carefully before operating the transmitter, as incorrect setting of some controls may damage the transceiver. Do not exceed 30 seconds of key-down time during tuning; and if it is necessary to do so for close to 30 seconds, let the final amplifier cool in the receive mode for one or two minutes. Whenever transmitting (in any mode), never change the setting of the MODE or BAND selectors, as severe damage to the transceiver may result. These selectors may only be changed when receiving. 28 ‘Make sure that a 50 ohm load is properly connected to the coaxial ANT jack. This may be a dummy load or an antenna that is resonant at the trans- mitting frequency. Never transmit without a load, but when using an antenna always make sure that the operating frequency is clear of other signals before tuning up or transmitting. (1). Preset the controls and switches as follows: HEATER . OFF MODE TUNE MOX OFF (out) PROC . OFF (out) MONI : OFF (out) VOXGAIN . Counterclockwise DELAY . Counterclockwise MICGAIN ....... Counterclockwise COMP Counterclockwise RX. OFF (out) 1X seeeeees OFF (out) METER SELECT .. IC position PRESELECT Midrange DRIVE . - Counterclockwise BAND As desired PLATE. Match with band LOADING 0 (2) Tum the POWER and HEATER switches both ON. Wait one minute for the tubes to reach operating temperature. (3) When tuning into a dummy load, tum the MARK switch (rear panel) and the RF AMP ON, tune the transceiver to the nearest MARK frequency, and adjust the PRESELECT control for peak indication on METER Il. If using an antenna, tum the RF AMP switch ON and tune the PRESELECT control for a peak in background noise, or for a peak on the S-meter of a signal on a nearby frequency. (4) Momentarily depress the MOX switch or PIT switch on the microphone, if connected, and observe the IC indication on METER I. If you pressed the MOX switch you must press it again to return to receive, The meter should indicate approximately 75 to 80 milliamperes (final grid bias). If the indication is far from this range, BIAS ADJ potentiometer VReoo: on RECT A Unit (PB-2352) should be ad- justed after the tubes have fully warmed up.(5) Set the DRIVE control to about the 9 o'clock position. Key the transmitter and adjust the PRESELECT control slightly while watching the IC indication on METER I for a peak reading, then retum to receive. It may be necessary to increase the DRIVE control slightly beyond the 9 o'clock position to obtain a discernable peak. For the following steps we strongly recommend that tune-up transmissions be limited to about five seconds each. A simple way to accomplish this is to first place the fingers of your right hand on the control that is to be adjusted before keying the transmitter. Adjust the control slightly back-and- forth while watching the indication on METER I for the desired dip or peak (make sure you know which). This should be done quickly, and you will see that only slight movement of the control is required. Immediately press the MOX switch (or release the PTT switch) to retum the transceiver to receive. Correctly tuning the transmitter for the desired power output may take some time and practice at first, but once the operator becomes familiar with the equipment the entire procedure will take only a few seconds. Take your time, but keep the transmissions short to preserve the lives of the final tubes. (6) Key the transmitter and tune the PLATE con- trol slightly for an IC dip, and return to receive. It is normal for the final (tuned) position of this control to be slightly dif- ferent from the band marking, but if a dip is not easily obtained within the range of the control the antenna and feedline should be checked for high SWR at the operating fre- quency, as the correct impedance is not being presented to the ANT jack. (1) While observing the ALC indication on METER II, key the transmitter and advance the DRIVE control so that the needle of METER II indicates straight up, and retum to receive. (8) Advance the LOADING control to position 1 Now key the transmitter and again tune the PLATE control slightly for an IC dip on METER I, Retum to receive. —24- (9) Repeat step (8) until the IC dip is at exactly 300 mA (350 mA on the 1.8 MHz band), each time advancing the LOADING contro! slightly higher until its setting is approxi- mately matches that shown in the Loading Position Table. Again, if there is a problem acheiving the dip (with the PLATE control), or if the dip is far above or below 300 mA, the antenna and feedline should be checked. When the above procedure is performed correctly the IC indication on METER I will be 300 mA when the PLATE control is tuned for a dip, and the ALC indication on METER II will be approxi- mately straight up. The transmitter is now tuned for optimum signal purity and moderate loading of the final amplifier tubes, providing an output power of about 100 watts. This tune-up procedure is recommended whenever SSB operation or any mode of operation with a linear amplifier is con- templated. LOADING POSITIONS BAND, FREQUENCY. POSITION TaMHe 10 18 LOMHZ 30 2.0Mte 30) 35Mie 201 ae “ont 60. 70M 25 7 73MRE 35, Toon 30 10 TosMie 45 = TA ONT 28 TAS 30 180M 20 8 18.5MFie 3.0 7 2L.0MH2 30 21.SMHz 33 ae 24.5MHz 35 25.0MHz 38 28 28.0MHz 35 28S 28.5MHz 38 23 29.0MH2 40 295 29.5MR 42. NOTE: LOADING positions are nominal. Minor variations from positions shown are to be expected.Note: Although it is possible to tune the final stage of the transmitter for higher output power (by adjusting the DRIVE, PLATE and LOADING controls for peak power output), this is generally not recommend- ed because the purity of the output signal, particularly IMD, will degenerate below specified values; and the lives of the final tubes will be shortened. SSB OPERATION Once the above tune-up is completed, set the MODE selector to either LSB (below 10 MHz) or USB, the MIC GAIN control to the 12 o'clock position, and the METER SELECT switch to IC. Connect the microphone to the MIC jack, and depress the PTT switch at the microphone. Speak into. the microphone the word “four” while observing the ALC indication on METER Il. Now press the ALC METER button to activate the “peak hold” system, and note whether the ALC indication is beyond the black zone at the left side of the ALC scale on METER II (while speak- ing). The needle will hold position for about one second before dropping; so, if the needle deflects into the red zone, reduce the MIC GAIN slightly and speak into the microphone again to obtain another reading. This technique can be repeated until the ALC indication is exactly at the high edge of the black zone. For VOX operation, advance the VOX GAIN control gradually while speaking into the micro- phone normally (without depressing the PTT switch), until your voice activates the transmitter. If audio from the speaker trips the VOX (with headphones disconnected), advance the A-TRIP control on the rear panel slightly clockwise. The DELAY control may be adjusted to obtain the desired VOX delay before automatically switching back to receive after you have finished speaking, For stable operation of the VOX, do not advance the VOX GAIN or A-TRIP controls more than necessary, To adjust the audio characteristic of the trans- miter to your voice, insert the plug from your headphones into the PHONES jack, and set the transceiver on its side. Now push the MONI button, and adjust VRsoo: and VRsoo2 through the bottom cover while speaking normally into the microphone and listening in the headphones. 2% VRsoo: controls high frequency attenuation, while VR3o02 controls low frequency attenuation, If the ALC level has already been set, some readjustment of the MIC GAIN control may be necessary to obtain the correct ALC level SPEECH PROCESSOR ADJUSTMENT Connect headphones, if available, to the PHONES. jack and push the MONI button ON. Set the METER SELECT switch to the COMP position, and push the PROC button to activate the speech processor. Keep the MIC GAIN control at the same setting as obtained above in the SSB Operation procedure, and set the COMP control to the 12 o'clock position. Observe the ALC indication on METER II while speaking the word “four” into the microphone, adjusting the DRIVE control to obtain a peak ALC indication within the first (leftmost) division of the black zone on the ALC scale (do not adjust MIC GAIN). Now listen to your signal in the transmitter IF while adjusting the COMP control for the amount of processing desired. The COMP indication on METER I should not exceed 5 or 10 dB. If the ALC indication on METER II advances further, reduce the DRIVE control setting slightly to maintain signal purity. Notice that if the COMP control is set too high the signal-to-noise ratio of the transmitted signal will be reduced. If the ALC level is set higher than one division in the black zone, IMD products may increase. CW OPERATION After completing the tune-up procedure, insert the two conductor plug from your key or electronic keyer into the KEY jack on the rear panel. Key up voltage is plus 4 volts, and key down current is 0.4 mA. The operator may select any power out- put desired up to the maximum rating of the transmitter by adjusting the DRIVE control (but not beyond the point where the ALC indication on METER II exceeds one division). Also, the DRIVE control should not be advanced clockwise beyond the point where the IC indication on METER I reaches 350 mA (or 200 mA above 28 MHz). For CW operation without an external amplifier, when a small amount of additional power is neces- sary, you may switch the METER SELECT switch to PO, advance the DRIVE control fully clockwise, and adjust the PLATE and LOADING controls forpeak PO indication on METER I. However, if you operate CW with the ALC indication on METER II peaking higher than about the first division at the left side of the black ALC zone some distor- tion of the keying waveform may result. The VOX circuit may be used to provide semi break-in operation, with the DELAY control providing adjustment of the T-R switching delay. Alternatively, T-R switching may be accomplished by the MOX button, or by an extemal control (such as a footswitch) connected to the PTT jack on the rear panel. ‘The CW sidetone may be activated by pushing the MONI button ON. Sidetone pitch can be adjusted by VRsoos accessible through a hole in the bottom cover, while sidetone volume can be adjusted by VRso06- For receiving, various optional narrow CW filter configurations may be installed and activated by pushing the NAR button, The SHIFT/WIDTH controls may also be used to select the desired passband, or the APF filter can be activated for very narrow filtering. CW SPOT USING SIDETONE REFERENCE The CW pitch potentiometer, VRaoos, may be used to align the CW sidetone for CW spotting purposes. ‘The correct alignment procedure will be shown, then the operation technique outlined, Connect a receiver or transceiver to the FT-102 EXT ANT jack. When using a trans- ceiver such as the FT-901DM, connect the cable from the FT-901DM RCV ANT jack to the FT-102 EXT ANT jack. ) 2) Connect a dummy load to the FT-102 ANT jack. Set the MODE switch to CW. Set the FT-102 to 14,100 MHz, and likewise set the external receiver to 14.100 MHz. Push the MARK button to activate the calibrator signal. 3» ‘Tune both the FT-102 and the external receiver so that a comfortable beat note (approximate- ty 700 Hz) is obtained. Zero beat the two tone so that the two receivers are precisely tuned to the same frequency. 4 26- 5) Set the MONI switch to ON to activate the CW sidetone. Set the DRIVE contro! fully counterclockwise, and set the VOX control to the MOX position. 6) Key the transmitter, and adjust the gain controls on the external receiver so that it is not overloaded. Noting the beat note of the transmitted signal from the PT-102, adjust VRyoos 80 that the sidetone pitch is exactly the same as that produced by the transmitter. The sidetone now becomes a reference spotting signal during CW operation. Operation 1) Let us say that DXIDX is operating on 14.002 MHz, working stations around his frequency. Locate the station working DXIDX, and close your key while in the receive mode. Tune the transceiver to align the sidetone note with that of the station working DXIDX; you will now be zero beat with that station. 2) Push the RX button ON, and tune the CLAR control to DXIDX’s frequency. When you call DXIDX, you will be precisely on the same frequency as the previous station, giving you a better chance of working DX1DX. AM OPERATION 1) An optional 6 kHz AM filter, the XF-8.2GA, is, available from your Yaesu dealer. If this filter is not installed, the received bandwidth on AM will be 2.9 kHz. For transmitting AM the Optional AM/FM unit must be installed. After preliminary tune-up, set the MODE switch to AM and the METER switch to IC. Rotate the MIC GAIN and DRIVE controls fully counterclockwise. 3) Close the microphone PTT switch, and advance the DRIVE control until the IC meter reaches a reading of 100 mA. 4) Advance the MIC GAIN control to the 12 o'clock position. Use the MONI func- tion to set MIC GAIN precisely, but do not advance the MIC GAIN control too far, orspurious responses may result. If the IC meter deflects downward during voice peaks, the DRIVE level should be reduced until meter movement is just noticeable. 5) In the AM mode, the RF speech processor, ALC meter and the variable IF bandwidth features are disabled, though the IF shift feature will prove useful for reducing QRM. FM OPERATION The FT-102 can operate in the FM mode if the optional AM/FM unit is installed. The FM mode is useful for operation on the 10 meter band through a repeater. Also, when you use a transverter with the FT-102, you can enjoy FM operation ‘on the VHF and UHF bands. 1) Set the MODE switch to FM, and the METER switch to IC, Set the DRIVE control fully counterclockwise, 2) Depress the microphone PIT switch, and advance the DRIVE control until the reading on the IC meter reaches 200 mA. During FM. operation, periodically check the IC meter to be sure the IC reading does not exceed 200 mA, 3) Set the MIC GAIN control between the 12 o'clock and maximum positions, according to the microphone in use. In the FM mode the RF speech processor and SHIFT/WIDTH controls are disabled. “2 he receiver SQL control may be used to silence the receiver during standby periods when no signals are being received. While listening on an unoccupied frequency, ad- vance the SQL contro! until the background noise is just silenced. Do not go beyond this threshold point too far, or the receiver will not respond to weak signals. 4) SSTV OPERATION Slow-scan television operation is easily accom- plished using the FT-102. Proper adjustment involves techniques outlined previously for SSB and FM operation, 1) Set the MODE switch to USB or LSB, per the band in use. Connect the audio output from your SSTV generator into the rear panel PATCH jack, and connect the audio input for the SSTV decoder to the SP or AF OUT jack, depending on the impedance requirement of your terminal 2) Receive operation is identical to that for SSB operation. Use the receive clarifier, as needed, for minor receive frequency adjustments with- out changing the transmitter frequency 3) To transmit, leave the microphone gain control in the same position as for SSB opera- tion. Close the PTT switch, and adjust the output level from your SSTV generator such that the ALC meter needle stays within the ALC range. Now adjust the MIC GAIN control so that the IC meter reading is 150 mA or less. Check the IC reading periodically to ensure that this level is not exceeded.CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION The block diagram and following circuit descrip- tion will provide a better understanding of the design and function of this transceiver. Refer to the schematic diagrams for specific component details. RECEIVER ‘The RF input signal from the coaxial antenna jack is fed through T-R relay RLygo1 on the Relay Unit (PB-2354), and then passed through the NORM/ SEP switch (Ss ), when in the NORM position, to the external antenna jack, lamp fuse and highpass filter; before being applied to the RF Unit. When So is in the SEP position the signal from RLggo connects through S to EXT RCVR jack Jy RF UNIT (PB-2342) ‘The incoming signal from pin 2 of Joos is fed through RL; (RF amplifier on/off relay) to the preselector tank circuit selected by the band- switch, and then through T-R relay RL;o92 to the gate of RF amplifier Q,o92 (2SKI25Y). AGC is applied to the gate of the other RF amplifier, Qroor (2SKI25Y), as the signal is passed from Qioos through Qioor, and then through RF amplifier relay RLi90s and T-R relay RLo9« to the bandpass filter selected also by the bandswitch. When the RF amplifier is switched off the signal is passed directly from RL1o01 to RL 903 From the bandpass filter the signal is fed through T-R relay Roos and transformer Ty93 to the active bal- anced mixer, Quoos and Qiooe (2SK125Y), where the incoming signal is mixed with the first LO signal from the Local Unit. The resulting 8.2 MHz product is passed through transformer Tyos0. 20 kHz monolithic crystal filter XF,o9; and transformer Tyo2e to deliver the IF signal, filtered of IMD causing products, to the IF Unit, A sample of the wideband IF signal at Toso is buffered by Qyo93 (2SC1815Y) for external moni- toring via the IF OUT-2 jack. A sample of the slightly filtered IF signal at T,o29 is buffered by Qioos (2SK125Y) for delivery to the noise blanker circuit on the IF Unit and the FM receiver circuit in the AM/FM Unit, if installed. Qyoos through Quooe all operate from the 24 VDC supply. 29 IF UNIT (PB-2343A) ‘The 8.2 MHz IF signal from the RF Unit is ampli fied by first IF amplifiers Qzoo: and Qzooz (2SK125Y), which are also operated from the 24 VDC supply to maintain excellent large signal handling performance. The amplified first IF signal is then passed through the noise gate, composed of Schottky diodes Dsoo1, Dzoo: (18897) and varactor Dzo93 (FC63); before being applied to the first set of crystal filters. SSB and CW signals are passed through 2.9 kHz BW 8-pole crystal filter XFroo1 (XF-8.2HS), while AM signals are passed through optional 6 kHz BW 3-pole monolithic ceramic filter XFzo02 (XF-8.2GA), when installed. If XPz9o2_ is not installed, AM signals pass through XF:001. When the NAR button is pressed on the front panel, CW signals are next passed through one of the optional narrow second filters in loca- tion XFz909; 600 Hz BW 8-pole crystal filter XF-8.2HC, or 300 Hz BW 8-pole crystal filter XF-8.2HCN, depending upon which is installed. ‘Also, when the NAR button is pressed in the SSB mode, SSB signals are passed through one of the optional narrow SSB second filters in location XFzoos; another 2.9 kHz BW &-pole crystal filter XF-8.2HS, or 1.8 kHz BW 8-pole crystal filter XF-8.2HSN, depending upon which is installed, All signals from XFz99, (and AM signals from XFioo2, if installed) are delivered to second IF amplifier Qzo0s (38K73GR) when the NAR button is off or the optional second filters are not installed; otherwise, CW and SSB narrow signals from the second filters are applied to Qzoos after narrow filtering. After amplification, the filtered 8.2 kHz IF signal is applied to second mixer Qs00s (3SK73GR), where it is heterodyned with the 8.67 MHz second LO signal from the Local Unit, producing the 455 kHz second IF, SSB and OW signals are then filtered by third filter CFs001, 2.9 kHz BW 3-pole ceramic (CMF45551); unless optional CW narrow third crystal filters are in- stalled at XF2oos (either 500 Hz BW 8-pole filter XF-455C or 270 Hz BW 8:pole filter XF-45SCN) and the NAR button is pressed. AM signals bypass these filters and are fed (as are the SSB or CW signals from the third filter bank) through the Qumultiplier composed of Qzoosand Qroo7 (2SC181SY) and notch filter Qroos (@SCIBISY) to 455 kHz IF amplifier Qeoro (3SK73GR). A portion of the amplified signal is then buffered by Qzor1 and fed to the narrowband IF OUT-1 jack, AM detectors Dsoss and Daoso (N60), and AGC detectors Daose and Droso (IN270), The remainder of the amplified signal from Qzoro is delivered to the product detector on the AF Unit. The detected AM signal from Dros is delivered to the AF Unit for filtering and ampli- fication. The detected AGC signal from Dzoas is amplified by Qao12 (2SCI815GR), # portion of the output of which is fed back to IF amplifier Qzoos and RF amplifier Qiao: for gain control, while another portion is further amplified by S-meter amplifiers Qzors (2SKI9TMGR) and Qsors (2SAS64AR) before delivery through T-R relay RLao01 to METER IL AF UNIT (PB-2344) ‘The SSB or CW 455 kHz IF signal is detected at Daoz1 —Dsoze (INGO), which also receives the 455 KHz third LO from the Local Unit after buffering at Qso1s (2SC1815Y). The CW audio product is then passed through an active CW filter, Qsoze (28C 1815GR), amplifier Qsos1 (2SCI815GR), and ADF filter Qso2s (AN6551); while the SSB audio product and detected AM are passed through active filter Qsoz2 (2SC1815GR) and amplifier Qso23 (28C1815GR); after which each signal is applied to analog switch Qso1s (MC14066B), which selects the appropriate mode via the MODE selector for further amplification. Finally, the selected output is fed through muting switch Qyo30 (2SC181SY) to audio power amplifier Qso2x (#PC2002V), and from there to the speaker. A portion of the output signal from Qsois is diverted through amplifier Qsore for auxiliary output at the AF OUT jack on the rear panel. NOISE BLANKER (IF UNIT) Buffered output from 20 kHz BW filter XF-1001 is amplified by Qsors and Qro29 (28C1583), as well as Qiozs (2SC380TMY), before being applied to noise detectors Dzoss and Drose (N60). A portion of the output from Qzor1 is also rectified by Dzoss and Dzos« (1N60) and amplified at Qzoa2 (2SCIBISGR) for feedback to Qrory and Qhozo a noise blanker AGC. The time constant of this AGC is adjusted by the NB LEVEL control on the front panel. 30 Output from the noise detector is buffered by gate control Qzo1s (28C1815GR) before being applied to the noise gate Dzoo1—D2o0s, mentioned earlier, and located between the first IF amplifier and the first bank of crystal filters. FM RECEIVE (OPTIONAL AM/FM UNIT PB-2347) ‘A portion of the buffered IF signal from Qhoos (after 20 kHz BW filter XF,oo1) is delivered through another 20 kHz BW filter (XF goo: ) on the AM/FM Unit to the mixer section of Qsoos (MC3359), which also contains limiter amplifier, discriminator, noise amplifier, and AFC sections. In the mixer section the filtered receiver IF is mixed with the 8.67 MHz second LO signal deliv- ered from the Local Unit, resulting in a 455 kHz second IF. This signal is passed through geramic filter CFeoo: and fed to the IF limiter amplifier section of Qsoos, Where amplitude variations are removed from the signal, The signal is then applied to the discriminator section of Qeoos, resulting in ‘an audio output coinciding with frequency shift in the 49S kHz IF signal, When no carrier is present in the 455 kHz IF, the high frequency noise present at the discriminator output is amplified by the noise amplifier section of Qeoos and rectified by noise detectors Deoos and Dgoos (1N60). The resulting DC voltage is passed through the SQL control on the front panel and back to squelch switches Qeoro and Qeort QSCI8ISGR), which turn off the audio output from Qgoos When no carrier is present. When a signal is received the audio output from Qcoos is delivered to audio amplifier Qsoz5 on the AF Unit, unless the MUTE line is grounded, in which case Qeoiz (2SC18ISGR) grounds the output signal from Qsoos. AFC output from Qeoos is filtered and delivered through the METER SELECT switch to METER I for discriminator tuning indication.TRANSMITTER ‘SSB MODE (AF UNIT, PB-2344) ‘The speech signal from the microphone jack is amplified by Qsoo1 (28C732TMGR) and Qsoo2 (2SC1815Y), whence a portion of the speech signal is diverted for VOX operation. The remaining signal from Qsoos is further amplified by Qsoos (2SC1815BL) and passed through adjustable TX tone filters to tone amplifier Qsoo4 (2SC732- TMGR). A portion of the output from Qsoos is diverted to the optional AM/FM Unit, when installed; while the remainder is applied to the balanced ring modulator composed of Schottky diodes D392—Dso0s (18897). The balanced modulator also receives a 455 kHz. LO signal from the Local Unit after buffering by Qso1r @2SC181SY), and the resulting modulated IF is delivered to the IF Unit. VOX, ANTE-TRIP (AF UNIT, PB-2344) A portion of the amplified speech signal from Qsoo2 is amplified for VOX operation by Qso1o (2SC181SY), and then rectified by Dsoi4 (1N60) to produce a DC voltage whose level varies with the speech input at the microphone. This DC is ampli- fied at Qsos (2SC1815Y), and further amplified at Qsosz (2SCI81SY) before being applied to switch Qsoos (2SA733). The switched output of Qsooo then controls a Schmitt trigger composed of Qsois and Qsore (2SC1815Y), which in tum switches relay control Qsois (2SA496Y) to drive TR relays RLI and RL2 on the main chassis. The anti-trip signal is derived from a sample of the output from audio amplifier Qsozs, or from an external source via the A-TRIP IN jack on the rear panel. This signal is amplified by Qsoos (28C- 1815Y) and then rectified by Dso11 to produce a DC voltage whose level varies with the audio output from the receiver. This DC is amplified by Qso07 (2SCI8ISY) and Qsoos (284733) before being fed into the VOX control circuit at Qso12 to counter the VOX DC voltage that may be pro- duced by audio at the microphone. -31 IF UNIT (PB-2343A) ‘The double sideband modulated signal from the AF Unit is buffered by Quoos (2SKI9TMGR) and passed through ceramic SSB filter CF;99; to mixer, Qo (3SK73GR), unless the speech processor is on, in which case the filtered remaining sideband from CF2001 is amplified by second IF amplifier Quoso (also used in receive) and Qro1 5 (28C1815Y), a portion of the output of which is diverted to amplifier Qzo23 (28C1815GR) for COMP indica- tion on METER I. The remainder of the output from Quo1s is clipped by limiter amplifier Qrore (TA7060P) before being applied to mixer Qzo17- ‘The 8.7 MHz second LO signal from the Local Unit is mixed with the modulated 455 kHz signal at Qso17 to produce an 8.2 MHz IF, which is then filtered through XFzo9; in the first bank of filters and amplified by Qsoos (also used in receive) before delivery to the RF Unit. MONI A portion of the output of IF amplifier Qzoos is buffered by Qzo24 (2SC380TMY) and fed to transmit monitor mixer Qroxs (2SKI9TMY), which is also fed the second LO signal from the Local Unit. The 455 kHz output of Qroas is then demodulated at Qrozs (2SKI9TMY), which is also fed a portion of the third LO signal from the Local Unit after buffering at Qsory on the AF Unit ‘The resulting audio signal from Qzoag is amplified by Qso2s (2SC380TMY), which also amplifies a sample of the audio output from FM detector Qeoos delivered from the optional AM/FM Unit when FM transmission occurs, as well as amplifying the output of monitor AM detector Qso27 (2SC- 380TMY) which receives IF input from Qzoza. The output of amplifier Qsozs is delivered to final audio amplifier Qso2s on the AF Unit for output to the speaker or headphones. RF UNIT (PB-2342) The modulated, filtered 8.2 MHz IF is applied to balanced mixer module Qso0s (ND487C2) along with the first LO signal from the Local Unit, re- sulting in an output signal at the operating fre- quency. This signal is first amplified by Qieo7 (28C2407), followed by Qroos (28C1589) and Qroio (28C1971) before application to driver tube Vio. (12BYT7A). A sample of the input to thedriver is made available for transverter excitation at the RF OUT jack on the rear panel, Output from Vj 901 is resonated by the preselector on the band selected by the BAND switch, and then delivered to the Final Unit. On the Final Unit (PB-2355) the transmit signal is brought up to full power at Vsso:—Vosos before delivery through the final tank circuit on the main chassis to the Relay Unit (PB-2354), On the Relay Unit the signal is fed through T-R relay RLggo1 to the coaxial ANT jack, with a sample delivered through the PO ADJ potentio- meter on the rear panel and the METER SELECT switch to METER I. cW MODE ‘The CW carrier is generated by crystal oscillator Qso2e (2SKISTMGR), activated by analog switch Qiois in the CW, AM and FM modes through Qso2» (28C380TMY). Output for CW operation is buffered by Qso27 (2SC380TMY) and applied through amplifier Qsos on the IF Unit to bal anced mixer Qioos on the RF Unit as for SSB operation. Final amplification is the same. The key lead from the key jack activates sidetone oscillator Qsoos on the AF Unit, and also controls switches Qsoo1 (2SA733Q), Qsooz (2SC1815Y) and Qzoos (2SA639Q) to tum the biases to the tubes on and off. Qsoo: also keys post TX mixer amplifier Quoor on the RF Unit, while Qsoo: also controls the 12V CW TX line to CW carrier oscillator Qyo26, and offers a keyed control point at pin 2 of the ACCI jack. The sidetone oscillator provides an output to audio amplifier Qsozs, and another output to VOX amplifier Qso10 to activate the VOX circuit for semi break-in CW control, AM MODE (OPTIONAL AM/FM UNIT PB-2347) A portion of the amplified and filtered speech audio from tone amplifier Qso0q on the AF Unit is delivered to AM modulator Qeoo: (TA7069P) on the AM/FM Unit, which also receives a carrier signal from carrier oscillator Qyoz5 buffered by Qso29 (2SC380Y), also on the AF Unit. The modulated AM output is then delivered through 32 IF amplifier Qzoo3 on the IF Unit to final transmit mixer Qiooe on the RF Unit, as for SSB and CW, and final amplification is the same FM MODE (OPTIONAL AM/FM UNIT PB-2347) ‘The signal from tone amplifier Qsoo4 on the AF Unit is also delivered to limiter amplifier Qoors (uPCS77H) on the AM/FM Unit, where the audio signal amplitude is amplified and limited to a preset level, preventing over-deviation. This signal is then applied to varactor diode pair Deoos (MV104) to phase modulate 8.2 MHz VCO (volt- age controlled oscillator) Qsoos (2SK19BL), serving as part of a PLL (phase-locked loop). One portion of the VCO output is buffered by Qsoos (QSKI9TMGR) and then divided by 256 at Qeoos (1C5082P) for application to phase detector Qeo:s (TCSO81P), Cartier oscillator Qyo2g on the’ AF Unit delivers its signal, after buffering by Qsoa9, to buffer Qeoor (2SKI9TMGR); which signal is then divided by 256 at Qeoos (TCSO82P), and applied to phase detector Qsor3 along with the signal from Qeoos- Qeors then presents a DC out- put voltage proportional to the phase difference between the divided carrier signal and the divided VCO signal, which is passed through active filter Qvors (2SC181SGR) back to modulator varactor Deoos, thus locking the VCO frequency to that of the carrier oscillator. ‘The remainder of the frequency modulated signal from VCO Qooas is buffered by Qeoor (2SC380- ‘TMY) and delivered through IF amplifier Qzoos on the IF Unit to second transmit mixer Q;o05 on the RF Unit. A sample of the buffered VCO output from Qsooe is also delivered to the input of FM receive detector Qsoos for IF monitoring of transmitted FM signals. ALC CIRCUIT-RECT A UNIT (PB-2349A) and IF UNIT (PB-2343A) On RECT A Unit the grid bias to the final power amplifiers is sampled by Qgooa (2SC2229). A re- sulting DC voltage appears whenever the grids of the final tubes are driven positive with respect to the bias voltage, as grid current then begins to flow through Rass, appearing as a voltage drop that is then amplified by Qsooe for delivery to the IF Unit.On the IF Unit a portion of this ALC voltage is fed to one gate of second IF amplifier Qroo3, varying the gain of this stage to limit the drive level to the RF Unit and final amplifiers during trans- mission. The incoming ALC voltage is also ampli- fied by Qzo2e (2SKI9BL), a portion of whose output is applied through meter amplifiers Qsosi (2SKI9TMGR) and Qzo32 (28A564A) for delivery through T-R relay Rl2o0: to METER Il during transmission. The remainder of the output from Qroa9_ is buffered by Qzoas_(2SC181SY) and amplified by DC amplifiers Qrose and Qzoas (2SAS64AR) which, together with Qzose (2SC- 1815Y), make up the peak hold circuit. Qzoso gives a constant voltage output proportional to the charge retained at capacitor Cz1s5, which is charged by the ALC voltage from Qzoss when the ‘ALC METER Peak Hold switch on the front panel is depressed. The constant output from Qzoso is then fed to meter amplifier Qoos: in the same fashion as normal ALC for meter indication. COMMON CIRCUITS LOCAL UNIT (PB-2345) For the following description refer to the Local Unit Block Diagram and the Frequency Relation- ships chart on the following pages. Bandswitching signals from the BAND selector are delivered through the Counter Unit to Jago: on the Local Unit, selecting one of the six VCOs, Qsoor through Qroos (2SC945Q) for the band of oper ation. The selected VCO oscillates at the first LO frequency, and provides output through buffer Qioor (2SC535B) to buffer Qzoos, (28C2407) which is also controlled by the unlock Quoos provides first LO output at Jeoo2 for deliv- ery to the RF Unit. A portion of the VCO signal is buffered by Qzors (28CS3SB) and applied to PLL mixer Qsoiz (SN76514), which also receives a 13.715 to 34.215 MHz PLL local signal from buffer Qeo1s (28C535- B), whose frequency is determined by the band, mode, IF Shift and VFO setting for the operating frequency. The 1.0 to 4.0 MHz output from PLL, mixer Qeo12 is then passed through a bandpass filter and buffered by Quors and Qeors (28CS35B) 33 before being fed to programmable divider Quoi (74LS192). Quorr is programmed by band- switching signals to provide an output of 500 kHz, regardless of the operating frequency. This output is applied to phase detector Qeors (MC4044), which also receives a 500 kHz reference signal derived from 10 MHz crystal oscillator Qso26 (28C945Q), buffered first by Qso2s (28C945Q) nd then divided by 10 at Quors (74LS90), and again by 2 at Quoro (MC14518) before final buffering at Qeozs (28C945Q). Quors provides a DC output proportional to the phase difference between the VCO-derived input and the reference- derived input; which is then delivered through active lowpass filters Qyos2 and Qso23 (2SC732GR) to the varactor in the selected VCO, thus locking the VCO frequency to the reference oscillator. If the output from phase detector Qsors is too great to allow locking of the VCO, an unlock signal is delivered through amplifier Qsoxs (2SA733) to unlock switch Qyoos (2SC945Q), which disables first LO buffer Qsooe, removing the first LO signal from the RF Unit. A portion of the switching signal from Qsoos also switches Qeo1o (2SC945Q), which delivers a blinking command signal to the Counter Unit, causing the display to blink when- ever the PLL is unlocked. The PLL local signal is derived from 10 MHz reference oscillator Quozs and 19.21 MHz VCXO Quoas (2SC945Q), along with VFO input. Output from VCXO Qeo33, shifted appropriately for the selected operating mode by Qsosz (28C945Q), and according to the IF Shift function, is buffered by Qeoss (2SC945Q) and applied to PLL local first premixer Qsozs (SN76514), which also receives a 5.0 to 5.5 MHz signal delivered from the VFO Unit (or EXT VFO jack) through a low pass filter. The 13.715 to 14.215 MHz output from premixer Qsoxs is then filtered through a bandpass filter composed of Tsoo: through Tyoo3 before being delivered to the PLL mixer (for those bands below 14 MHz). For operating on bands above, and including, the 14 MHz band; the 13.715 to 14.25 MHz filtered signal is applied to PLL local second premixer Qeo2s. (3SK73GR), which also receives a 10 MHz signal filtered through bandpass filter Tso, (for operating frequencies between 14 and 21 MHz), or a 20 MHz signal from times 2 multiplier Qao2s (28C945Q) for operating frequencies on or above21 MHz. Both the 10 and 20 MHz signals are derived from 10 MHz VCXO Qyozs, through buffer Qyo7 (2SC945Q). The output of second premixer Qeozs is then passed through one of two bandpass filter networks, composed of Tsoos through Tsooe oF Tsoo7 and Teoos for the 14 and 18; or 21, 24.5 and 28 MHz bands, respectively. The filtered output from the appropriate bandpass filter is then buffered through Quo1s and applied to PLL mixer Qyo12 as before. Frequency and filter selection is made through diode switches by commands from the BAND selector. ‘The 8.67 MHz second LO signal is derived from the 19.215 MHz VCXO and the signal from another 10.54 MHz VCXO (actual center frequency, 10.5466 MHz for USB, or 10.5434 MHz for LSB, and 10.545 MHz for AM; with continuous fre- quency adjustment by the Width system). The out- put of this 10.54 MHz VCXO, Quos« (2SC945Q), is buffered by Qeosy (2SC945Q) and applied to second LO mixer Qsoss (3SK73GR), which also receives a signal from 19.215 MHz VCXO Quo3s after buffering by Qeos4 (2SC945A). The 8.67 MHz, output from mixer Qsoss is then buffered by Qeoss_(2SC945Q) and passed through a bandpass filter for delivery to the IF Unit from Jgoox and to the AM/FM Unit from Jeoos The 455 kHz third LO signal is derived from 10 MHz reference oscillator Qeo2e and 10.54 MHz VCXO Qeoae- The 10 MHz signal, after buffering by Quozs and division by 10 at Qeois (mentioned in the PLL description) has its 1 MHz square pulse signal filtered through a bandpass filter composed of Tsor2 and Trose, to provide an 11 MHz signal for third LO mixer Quoa (3SK73GR). Qeoao also receives a portion of the buffered 10.54 MHz signal from Quos7, thus providing an output at 455 kHz, buffered by Qeoas (2SC945Q) and passed through a lowpass filter for delivery from Jeo,1 to the AF Unit. This unique frequency derivation scheme allows the Shift function to tune the second LO, at 19.215 MHz VCXO Quoas, the Width function synchronously tunes the second LO and third LO, commonly derived from 10.54 MHz VCXO Quo36 while 36 Sample data to the Counter Unit for frequency display is derived from both the VFO signal and 10 MHz reference oscillator Qsoze. Reference divider Qrors provides a 2 MHz square pulse for this purpose, which is filtered at Tyo13 to provide a 6 MHz signal to counter sample mixer Qeos0 (BSK73GR), which also receives the VFO signal after lowpass filtering. The resulting 0.5 to 1.0 MHz mixer product is passed through another lowpass filter before delivery from pin 1 of Jars to the Counter Unit. A clock signal for the Counter Unit is also derived from 10 MHz reference oscillator Qeoss after division by 10 at Qyox9, further division by 40 at Qsoz0 (both mentioned in the PLL description), buffering by Qsosr (28C945Q) and lowpass filtering. This 25 kHz. signal is brought out for the Counter Unit at Jeo1s, pin 3; while a portion of the signal before filtering is delivered from Jaor to the receiver input at the EXT ANT jack on the rear panel, providing a MARK signal for the receiver when the MARK button is depressed. Second reference divider Qsozo also provides 2 100 kHz signal delivered from Jeois to the EXT VFO jack and the ACC-1 receptacle on the rear panel, VEO UNIT (PB-2348) Variable frequency oscillator module Qroo (VFO-1) provides an output of approximately 4.95 to 5.55 MHz in accordance with the setting of tuning variable capacitor VCzoo1; paralleled with temperature compensating capacitors and trimmers, and clarifier varactor Dyoq1 (1S2236); whose capacitance is varied by changes in the clarifier control voltage adjusted from the CLAR control when the CLAR function is activated on either transmit or receive, Output from Quo: is fed through a bandpass filter before delivery from pin 1 of Jyo91 to the Local Unit COUNTER UNIT (PB-2346A) The 0.5 to 1.0 MHz sample signal from the Local Unit is buffered by Qsoo: (2SC1815Y) and again by a gate in Qsoos (MCI4011B) before being applied to Qsoos (MC14022B) for gating and division by 8. Output from Qsoos is then applied to pin 37 of LSI Counter Qsoos (TC5070)..The 25 kHz clock signal from the Local Unit is buffered by Qsoo2 (2SC1815Y) and divided by 25 and by 50 at Qsoos (MC14518B). The resulting 1 kHz output is applied to SCAN CLOCK‘ pin 22 of Qsoo7, while the 500 Hz output is passed to Qsoos (MC14518B) for further division by 10 and by 50. These outputs are summed in Qsoos, resulting in a gating pulse for Qsooe and LOAD PRESET input to pin 32 of Qsoo7. The 10 Hz out- ut from Qsoos is also delivered through a gate in Qsoos to provide a STORE pulse to pin 16 of Qco07 and to Qsooe for gating control, Preset Data for Qsoo7 is furnished by the band- switch through encoders Qsor2 and Qsors (MC- 14081B), and by the mode selector through Qso11 (MC14011) for a 700 Hz CW shift and plus 500 kHz for appropriate band selections. Digit driver Qéoos and segment driver Qsoro (both TCS066) pass the output of Qsoor to fluorescent display DSso01 (FIP9E8), while Qsoos (TCS066) passes mode display information to DSso01- The 8 volt DC bus is regulated by Qsoxs (78105) to provide the 5V supply for the ICs, while the 8V bus is applied directly to the DC-DC converter formed by oscillator Qso14 (2SC1815Y) and Tsoo1 (E142), supplying negative 10 volts DC for the display and for delivery from Jsoog to the -10 volt DC bus. RECTIFIER A UNIT (PB-2349A) Power transformer PTOI delivers 120, 190, and 250 VAC for rectification on RECT A Unit. The 120V input is rectified by Dsoos (10D10) and then filtered to provide grid biases for the driver and final tubes. VRsoos adjusts the bias voltage for the finals, and the biases are keyed as described in the CW Transmit Operation description. The 190V input is rectified by Dyoo2 and Dyoos (10D10) and then filtered, after which a portion is pulled down to 180 VDC for screen voltage to driver Vio91 on the RF Unit. The remainder is passed through diodes Dsoos and Dsoos (10D10) to provide 210 VDC for the screen grids of the final amplifiers. The 250V input is rectified by Dsoor (SMI-12) and then filtered before delivery (as 300 VDC) to the plate of driver Vio01 on the RF Unit. -37 RECTIFIER B UNIT (PB-2350) Bridge rectifier D1 (S4V10) on the main chassis delivers 15 volts DC to this board, where it is filtered and regulated by Qsso1 (284733), Qesoo (HPC78L12) and Qi (2SB70SR on the main chassis), providing 12 VDC as the general VCC supply to all other Units, and to the cooling fan through the HEATER switch. On the main chassis, a portion of the 15 VDC present at the emitter of Q1 is diverted to regulators Q3 and Q4 (uPC7812H); Q3 thus providing 12 VDC for the panel lamps, and Q4 providing 12 VDC to pin 2 of the EXT VFO Jack on the rear panel for the external VFO supply. AC voltage from the heater winding of the power transformer is rectified by Dssos (VO6B) and filtered by capacitor Cysog, where the filtered 15 VDC from bridge rectifier D1 is added to result in about 26 VDC. This voltage is regulated by Qsos (2SC496Y) and zener diode Dy soy (AWOI- 24) to provide 24 VDC for the receiver front end circuits on the RF and IF Units. A portion of the 24 VDC is further regulated by Qesos (78L15) to provide 15 VDC for the Width Control system. During transmission, 12 VDC is applied to Qusos (2SCI815Y), which then grounds the base of Qesos, dropping the 24 VDC and 15 VDC lines to zero and thus disabling the sensitive receiver front end and the Shift/Width function. ‘The power transformer 320 VAC winding connects to the Rectifier B Unit, where the AC is rectified by Daso: through Dgso4 (10D10) and then doubled by capacitors C5 and C6 (on the main chassis) to result in 900 VDC for the plate circuit of the final amplifiers. Also, when a plug is not inserted into the EXT VFO jack on the rear panel, 8 VDC is delivered from the 8 VDC supply bus (regulated from the 12 VDC VCC bus by Q2 (4PC14308H), on the main chassis) to zener diode Desoe, pro- ducing 6 VDC for delivery to the VFO Unit.RECT A UNIT (P5-2349A) PO METER SET vr, IF unr — (P8-23438) (pa-23428) COUNTER UNIT (P8-23468) AM/FM UNIT VFO UNIT (OPTION) (8.2348) (PB.2347A) AF UNIT (P8-2344B) LOCAL UNIT. (P8-2345) RECT 8 UNIT (PB-23508) PA BOARD (P8-2355) BOTTOM VIEW 38MAINTENANCE & ALIGNMENT ‘The following Alignment Procedure for the FT-102 is divided into two separate sections. The first section covers the various alignments and adjust- ments that may be made by the owner, as these do not require sophisticated test equipment outside of the FT-102 itself and standard tools and equip- ‘ment normally found in the ham shack. The second alignment section covers the sometimes critical and tedius adjustments, which must not be performed without the proper test equipment conforming to the specifications called for in the test equipment list. If you do not have, or are not familiar with this test equipment; or have any doubts about its use in these specific applications, you should not attempt any of the alignment Procedures in this section. Unless you are ex- perienced with alignment of these types of circuits and thoroughly understand their operation, let the alignments covered in the second section be performed by your authorized Yaesu dealer’s service department. Every FT-102 has been completely aligned at the factory prior to shipment. However, your particular operating environment may call for some re- adjustments, such as VOX, Anti-trip, Monitor Volume, or Sidetone Pitch. Yaesu’s design engi- neers have made a special effort to make these controls, and all of the adjustments that might require readjustment due to shipping and environ- mental variations, readily accessible to the user through the plastic circuit board cover under the cabinet’s top cover. Under normal use, no other alignment should be necessary. Service or realign- ment of a major component may require sub- stantial adjustment; under no circumstances, though, should realignment be attempted unless the operation of the transceiver is fully under- stood, the malfunction has been carefully analyzed, and the fault has definitely been traced to misalign- ment. Sudden difficulties are almost always caused by component failure rather than misalignment. SECTION I The following adjustments can be made by remov- ing the top cover of the FI-102, The controls are labelled on the plastic cover over the pe boards, and can be adjusted with a small screwdriver. You will need to have on hand a microphone, CW key, headphones and, for the Carrier Balance adjust- ‘ment, and external receiver in order to make these adjustments, VOX Circuit A 1. Tune in a signal on the FT-102 receiver, and adjust the AF GAIN control for a normal listening level. Position the microphone near the speaker, with the MODE switch in the SSB mode. Increase the VOX GAIN control on the front panel until the speaker output causes the VOX relay to switch the trans- ceiver to transmit. Set the A-TRIP control (VRg), located on the rear apron, to the p that will just prevent the speaker output from tripping the VOX relay. Antitrip level setting 2. Now place the microphone in the normal operating position, and speak into the micro- phone to see if your voice will activate the VOX relay. If not, VRe may be advanced too far. B VOX relay delay setting 1. Adjust the DELAY control on the front panel for the desired delay time. This may require a different setting for phone and CW operation, owing to differing operating techniques, For CW or phone operation using a footswitch, the VOX GAIN control should be rotated fully counter-clockwise to the (PTT position). 39-Final Amplifier Bias Adjustment 1 2. 3. Set the MIC GAIN fully counterclockwise, and the MODE selector to USB or LSB. Set the METER SELECT to IC. Turn the HEAT ER switch ON and let the final tubes warm up for a few minutes. VRaoos RECT. A UNIT Observe the indication on the IC scale of METER I while depressing the MOX button to key the transmitter. should be 75 mA. IC (grid current) If the IC reading is more than #10% from this figure, adjust VRsoo: on the RECT A Unit (PB-2342A). FINAL AMPLIFIER NEUTRALIZATION Important Note: METALLIC tuning wand, For this alignment, use a NON- 1 Set the BAND switch to 29, set the tuning dial to 29 MHz, and tune into a dummy load for approximately 70% full output power. Set the METER switch to IC, and observe the dip in the cathode current. The dip should ‘occur at the same point that maximum power output (measured on the dummy load watt meter) occurs. If this is not the case, adjust TC,, located inside the final amplifier cage, for the required coincidence of ma power output and dip on the IC meter. mum 40 CAUTION HIGH VOLTAGES ON THE ARE PRESENT UNDERSIDE OF THE CHASSIS AND INSIDE THE FINAL AMPLIFIER COMPARTMENT. USE GREAT CARE WHILE MAKING ADJUSTMENTS IN AREAS OF EX- POSED WIRING. Note The final amplifier enclosure must be in place to provide the required RF shielding during the neutralization procedure. PO Meter Adjustment Tune the transmitter for maximum power output at 14.250 MHz into a dummy load. Set the METER SELECT switch to PO, and adjust VRs on the rear panel for 80% deflec- tion (or as desired).Carrier Balance Set the MODE selector to USB and tune the transceiver to the 14 MHz band. Set the MIC GAIN control fully counter- clockwise (minimum), and disconnect the microphone from the MIC jack. Press the MOX switch. Tune an external receiver to the same fre- quency as the FT-102, and adjust CARRIER BALANCE control VR3o03 for minimum. signal at the external receiver. Switch the MODE selector to LSB, and repeat step 4. Switch back and forth from LSB to USB several times while adjusting VR3oo3 to obtain an equal minimum output in the two modes, CW Sidetone Pitch and Level ‘Transmit Audio Charact (See page 13 of this manual) tic (See page 13 of this manual) SECTION IT ALIGNMENT EQUIPMENT REQUIRED The following precision test equipment is required for the alignment procedures in this section Frequency Counter YC-500E (YAESU) or equivalent Signal Generator HP 8640B (Hewlett Packard) or equivalent DC Voltmeter HP 43048 2 a VTVM with RF probe HP 3406A ie e AF VIVM HP 400E 2 S In-line Wattmeter Bird 43 : Dummy Load (200 W) Bird 8343-200 - 4 Oscilloscope HP 1222A (Hewlett Packard) or equivalent Spectrum Analyzer HP 141T : a 8552B " a 8553B “ : Distortion Meter HP 334A, ° " Audio Generator HP 200CD " ” Linear Detector HP 8901A * ” LOCAL UNIT ALIGNMENT (PB-2345) 10 MHz Reference Oscillator 1 10.5 Connect the RF probe of the VIVM to TPsoos and adjust transformer Tyois for maximum deflection on the meter (approx. 100 mV ems) Connect the frequency counter to TPeoos and adjust trimmer TCyoo1, if necessary, to obtain a reading of 6.000 MHz on the counter. MHz SSB Carrier Oscillator Set the SHIFT/WIDTH controls to their center positions, and connect the frequency counter to TPs907 Set the MODE selector to LSB, and adjust TCso02 for 10.5434 MHz on the counter. Set the MODE selector to USB, and adjust TCso03 for 10.5466 MHz on the counter. Preset potentiometer VRyoos fully counter clockwise and connect the DC voltmeter across the outer terminals of VRaoos. Adjust VR, on the main chassis to obtain 0 volts on the meter, 19.2 MHz Local Oscillator 1 Connect the frequency counter to TPsoos, set the MODE selector to LSB, and adjust VReoos for 19.2134 MHz on the counter.3. Set the MODE selector to USB and adjust VReoos for 19.2166 MHz on the counter. Repeat steps 1 and 2 until the counter shows the exact frequency indicated for each mode. Shift/Width Tracking 1 Connect the frequency counter to TPsoor and preset the SHIFT/WIDTH controls to their center positions. Set the MODE selector to LSB and check for a frequency of 10.5434 MHz on the counter. Rotate the SHIFT/WIDTH controls 90° clockwise, record the counter frequency, and calculate the difference between this and the frequency noted in step 2. Connect the frequency counter to TPsoos. return the SHIFT/WIDTH controls to their center positions, and note the counter fre- quency. For LSB, this should be 19.2134MHz, Repeat step 3, using the frequency noted in step 4. Compare the two difference frequencies calculated in steps 3 and 5, and adjust VRyoo if these frequencies are not the same. Repeat the above procedure after adjustment of VRaoos LOCAL UNIT 2 AM Carrier Frequency Check Set the MODE selector to AM and connect the frequency counter to TPsoor- Key the transmitter and check the counter for 10.545 MHz #1 kHz. Connect the counter to TPyoos and key the transmitter while checking for 19.215 MHz 1 kHz. SSB Carrier Point 1 Set the MODE selector to USB, and connect the frequency counter to TPso07 Key the transmitter and adjust potentiometer VReoos for 10.5466 MHz on the counter. Now connect TPeoos, key potentiometer on the counter. the frequency counter to the transmitter, and adjust VReoor for 19.2166 MHz Set the MODE selector to LSB and check TPeoor for 10.5434 MHz and TPyoos for 19.2134 MHz with the counter during trans- mission, Connect the Audio signal generator to pin 8 ‘of the MIC jack (pin 7 is ground), and Con- nect the Oscilloscope to the TP3o0s on AF unit, Set the AG for 1 kHz @ 2 mV, MIC