𝑻𝑹𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑴𝑨𝑫𝑨 𝑰𝑵𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑺𝑨 𝑫𝑬 𝑳𝑨𝑷𝑳𝑨𝑪𝑬
𝑺𝒆𝒂 𝑭 𝒕 𝒖𝒏𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕í𝒏𝒖𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒚 𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔
𝑳 𝑭 𝒕 =𝒇 𝒔 , 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝑳−𝟏 𝒇(𝒔) = 𝑭 𝒕
𝒔𝒆 𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒎𝒂 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑳𝒂𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆.
𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐 𝟑
𝑺𝒊 𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝑭 𝒕 𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒇 𝒔 = , 𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐
𝒔−𝟒
𝑳−𝟏 𝒇(𝒔) = 𝟑. 𝑳−𝟏 𝒇(𝒔) = 𝟑𝒆𝟒𝒕 , 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟑𝒆𝟒𝒕
𝑷𝑹𝑶𝑷𝑰𝑬𝑫𝑨𝑫𝑬𝑺 𝑫𝑬 𝑳𝑨 𝑻𝑹𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑴𝑨𝑫𝑨 𝑰𝑵𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑺𝑨 𝑫𝑬 𝑳𝑨𝑷𝑳𝑨𝑪𝑬
𝟏. 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒊𝒆𝒅𝒂𝒅 𝒅𝒆 𝑳𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅
𝑳−𝟏 𝒂𝒇 𝒔 ± 𝒃𝒈(𝒔) = 𝒂𝑳−𝟏 𝒇(𝒔) ± 𝒃𝑳−𝟏 𝒈(𝒔) = 𝒂𝑭 𝒕 ± 𝒃𝑮 𝒕
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐: 𝑯𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝑭 𝒕 , 𝒔𝒊 𝒇 𝒔 = − +
𝒔𝟐 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒 𝒔−𝟒
𝟐. 𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒊𝒆𝒅𝒂𝒅 𝒅𝒆 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏
𝑺𝒊 𝑳−𝟏 𝒇(𝒔) = 𝑭 𝒕 , 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑳−𝟏 𝒇(𝒔 − 𝒂) = 𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝑭 𝒕
𝒔−𝟒
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐: 𝑯𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝑭 𝒕 , 𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒇 𝒔 =
(𝒔 − 𝟒)𝟐 +𝟗
𝑻𝑹𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑴𝑨𝑫𝑨 𝑰𝑵𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑺𝑨 𝑫𝑬 𝑳𝑨 𝑫𝑬𝑹𝑰𝑽𝑨𝑫𝑨
𝑻𝑬𝑶𝑹𝑬𝑴𝑨 𝑺𝒊 𝑳−𝟏 𝒇(𝒔) = 𝑭 𝒕 , 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑳−𝟏 𝒇 𝒏 (𝒔) = −𝟏 𝒏 𝒕𝒏 𝑭(𝒕)
𝑻𝑹𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑴𝑨𝑫𝑨 𝑰𝑵𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑺𝑨 𝑫𝑬 𝑳𝑨𝑺 𝑰𝑵𝑻𝑬𝑮𝑹𝑨𝑳𝑬𝑺
𝑻𝑬𝑶𝑹𝑬𝑴𝑨
∞
𝑭(𝒕)
𝑺𝒊 𝑳−𝟏 𝒇(𝒔) = 𝑭 𝒕 , 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑳−𝟏 න 𝒇 𝒖 𝒅𝒖 =
𝟎 𝒕
𝑻𝑹𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑴𝑨𝑫𝑨 𝑰𝑵𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑺𝑨 𝑫𝑬 𝑳𝑨 𝑴𝑼𝑳𝑻𝑰𝑷𝑳𝑰𝑪𝑨𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑵 𝑷𝑶𝑹 𝑺
𝑻𝑬𝑶𝑹𝑬𝑴𝑨 𝑺𝒊 𝑳−𝟏 𝒇(𝒔) = 𝑭 𝒕 , 𝒚 𝑭 𝟎 = 𝟎, 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑳−𝟏 𝒔𝒇(𝒔) = 𝑭′ 𝒕
−𝟏
𝒔
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐: 𝑯𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝑳
(𝒔 − 𝟏)𝟓
𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝒕
𝑳−𝟏 = 𝒆−𝒕 𝑳−𝟏 = 𝒆−𝒕 , 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆:
(𝒔 − 𝟏)𝟓 𝒔𝟓 𝟐𝟒
−𝟏
𝒔 𝒕𝟑 𝒆−𝒕 𝒕𝟒 𝒆−𝒕 𝒆−𝒕
𝑳 = − = 𝟒𝒕𝟑 − 𝒕𝟒
(𝒔 − 𝟏)𝟓 𝟔 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒
𝑻𝑹𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑴𝑨𝑫𝑨 𝑰𝑵𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑺𝑨 𝑫𝑬 𝑳𝑨 𝑫𝑰𝑽𝑰𝑺𝑰𝑶𝑵 𝑷𝑶𝑹 𝑺
𝑻𝑬𝑶𝑹𝑬𝑴𝑨
∞
𝒇(𝒔)
𝑺𝒊 𝑳−𝟏 𝒇(𝒔) = 𝑭 𝒕 , 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑳−𝟏 = න 𝒇 𝒖 𝒅𝒖
𝒔 𝟎
−𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐: 𝑯𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝑳 𝑳𝒏(𝟏 + 𝟐 )
𝒔 𝒔
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏
𝟏
𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒒𝒖𝒆: 𝑳−𝟏 𝑳𝒏(𝟏 + 𝟐
) = 𝑳−𝟏 𝑳𝒏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 − 𝑳𝒏𝒔𝟐
𝒔
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐𝒔 𝟐 𝟏
𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔: 𝑳−𝟏 𝑳𝒏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 − 𝑳𝒏𝒔𝟐 = 𝑳 − = − 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 − 𝟐
𝒕 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒔 𝒕
𝟏 𝟐(𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕)
𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒈𝒐 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔: 𝑳−𝟏 𝑳𝒏(𝟏 + 𝟐
) =
𝒔 𝒕
∞
−𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐(𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒖)
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝑳 𝑳𝒏(𝟏 + 𝟐 ) = න 𝒅𝒖
𝒔 𝒔 𝟎 𝒖
𝑻𝑹𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑴𝑨𝑫𝑨 𝑰𝑵𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑺𝑨 𝑷𝑶𝑹 𝑬𝑳 𝑴𝑬𝑻𝑶𝑫𝑶 𝑫𝑬 𝑭𝑹𝑨𝑪𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑵𝑬𝑺 𝑷𝑨𝑹𝑪𝑰𝑨𝑳𝑬𝑺
𝑷𝒏 (𝒔)
𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒎é𝒕𝒐𝒅𝒐 𝒔𝒆 𝒂𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂 𝒂 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒊𝒂𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂 , 𝒎>𝒏
𝑸𝒎 (𝒔)
𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐 𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝒔𝟐 − 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓
𝑯𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝑳−𝟏
(𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟏)
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏
𝟏𝟏𝒔𝟐 − 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓 𝟏𝟏𝒔𝟐 − 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝒆𝒔 𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒊𝒂 = + +
(𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟏) (𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝒔 − 𝟐 𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏 𝒔 + 𝟏
𝑨 𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏 𝒔 + 𝟏 + 𝑩 𝒔 − 𝟐 𝒔 + 𝟏 + 𝑪(𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏)
=
(𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟏)
𝟏
𝑺𝒊 𝒔 − 𝟐 = 𝟎 ; 𝒔=𝟐 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑨 = 𝟓 ; 𝑺𝒊 𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏 = 𝟎 ; 𝒔= , 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑩 = −𝟑
𝟐
𝑺𝒊 𝒔+𝟏 = 𝟎; 𝒔 = −𝟏 ; 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑪=𝟐
𝟏𝟏𝒔𝟐 − 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓 𝟓 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝑳−𝟏 = 𝑳 −𝟏
− + = 𝑳 −𝟏
𝟓 − +𝟐
(𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝒔 − 𝟐 𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏 𝒔 + 𝟏 𝒔 − 𝟐 𝟐 (𝒔 − 𝟏) 𝒔+𝟏
𝟐
𝟏𝟏𝒔𝟐 − 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟓 𝟑 𝒕
𝑳−𝟏 = 𝟓𝒆𝟐𝒕 − 𝒆𝟐 + 𝟐𝒆−𝒕
(𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝟐𝒔 − 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝟐
𝑻𝑬𝑶𝑹𝑬𝑴𝑨 𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑴𝑼𝑳𝑨 𝑫𝑬𝑳 𝑫𝑬𝑺𝑨𝑹𝑹𝑶𝑳𝑳𝑶 𝑫𝑬 𝑯𝑬𝑨𝑽𝑰𝑺𝑰𝑫𝑬
𝑺𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑷 𝒔 𝒚 𝑸 𝒔 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒐𝒔, 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒍 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝑷 𝒔 𝒆𝒔 𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒓 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒆𝒍 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝑸 𝒔 .
𝑺𝒊 𝑸 𝒔 𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒆 𝒓𝒂í𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝟏 , 𝒂𝟐 , ⋯ , 𝒂𝒏 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔
𝒏
𝑷 𝒔 𝑷(𝒂𝒌 ) 𝒂 𝒕
𝑳−𝟏 = 𝒆 𝒌
𝑸 𝒔 𝑸′(𝒂𝒌 )
𝒌=𝟏
E𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐 −𝟏
𝟏𝟗𝒔 + 𝟑𝟕
𝑯𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝑳
(𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟑)
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏
𝑸 𝒔 = 𝒔 − 𝟐 𝒔 + 𝟏 𝒔 + 𝟑 = 𝒔𝟑 + 𝟐𝒔𝟐 − 𝟓𝒔 − 𝟔 , 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑸′ 𝒔 = 𝟑𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒𝒔 − 𝟓
𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒈𝒐 𝑸′ 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓 ; 𝑸′ −𝟏 = −𝟔 , 𝑸′ −𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎
𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝑷 𝒔 = 𝟏𝟗𝒔 + 𝟑𝟕 , 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔: 𝑷 𝟐 = 𝟕𝟓 , 𝑷 −𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖 , 𝑷 −𝟑 = −𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟗𝒔 + 𝟑𝟕 𝑷(𝟐) 𝟐𝒕 𝑷(−𝟏) −𝒕 𝑷(−𝟑) −𝟑𝒕
𝑬𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑳−𝟏 = .𝒆 + 𝒆 + 𝒆
(𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟑) 𝑸′(𝟐) 𝑸′(−𝟏) 𝑸′(−𝟑)
𝟕𝟓 𝟐𝒕 𝟏𝟖 −𝒕 −𝟐𝟎 −𝟑𝒕
= 𝒆 + 𝒆 + 𝒆
𝟏𝟓 −𝟔 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟗𝒔 + 𝟑𝟕
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝑳−𝟏 = 𝟓𝒆𝟐𝒕 − 𝟑𝒆−𝒕 − 𝟐𝒆−𝟑𝒕
(𝒔 − 𝟐)(𝒔 + 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟑)
𝑻𝑬𝑶𝑹𝑬𝑴𝑨 𝑫𝑬 𝑳𝑨 𝑪𝑶𝑵𝑽𝑶𝑳𝑼𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑵 𝑷𝑨𝑹𝑨 𝑳𝑨 𝑻𝑹𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑭𝑶𝑹𝑴𝑨𝑫𝑨 𝑰𝑵𝑽𝑬𝑹𝑺𝑨
𝑺𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑳−𝟏 𝒇(𝒔) = 𝑭 𝒕 𝒚 𝑳−𝟏 𝒈(𝒔) = 𝑮 𝒕 , 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔
𝒕
−𝟏
𝑳 𝒇 𝒔 . 𝒈(𝒔) = න 𝑭 𝒖 𝑮 𝒕 − 𝒖 𝒅𝒖 = 𝑭 ∗ 𝑮 ,
𝟎
𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝑭 ∗ 𝑮 𝒆𝒔 𝒍𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒆 𝑭 𝒚 𝑮
𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐 𝟏
−𝟏
𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓: 𝑳
(𝒔 − 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟒)
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏
𝟏 𝟏
𝑯𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒇 𝒔 = , 𝒚 𝒈 𝒔 = 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝑳−𝟏 𝒇 𝒔 = 𝒆𝒕 = 𝑭 𝒕 :
𝒔−𝟏 𝒔+𝟒
𝑳−𝟏 𝒈 𝒔 = 𝒆−𝟒𝒕 = 𝑮 𝒕
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒍 𝒕𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒔𝒆 𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒆 ∶
𝒕 𝒕 𝒕 𝒕 −𝟒𝒕
𝟏 𝒆 𝒆
𝑳−𝟏 = න 𝑭 𝒖 𝑮 𝒕 − 𝒖 𝒅𝒖 = න 𝒆𝒖 𝒆−𝟒(𝒕−𝒖) 𝒅𝒖 = 𝒆−𝟒𝒕 න 𝒆𝟓𝒖 𝒅𝒖 = −
(𝒔 − 𝟏)(𝒔 + 𝟒) 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟓 𝟓
𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐 𝟐 𝑠2
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐿−1
(𝑠 2 + 4)2
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏
−𝟏
𝒔𝟐 −𝟏
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔
𝑳 𝟐 𝟐
=𝑳 𝟐
. 𝟐 𝒚 𝒉𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒇 𝒔 = 𝟐 , 𝒈 𝒔 = 𝟐
(𝒔 + 𝟒) 𝒔 +𝟒 𝒔 +𝟒 𝒔 +𝟒 𝒔 +𝟒
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐: 𝑳−𝟏 𝒇(𝒔) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒕 = 𝑭 𝒕 𝒚 𝑳−𝟏 𝒈(𝒔) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒕 = 𝑮(𝒕)
𝒕 𝒕
−𝟏
𝒔𝟐
𝑳 = න 𝑭 𝒖 𝑮 𝒕 − 𝒖 𝒅𝒖 = න 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒖𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝒖 𝒅𝒖
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)𝟐 𝟎 𝟎
𝒕 𝒕 𝒕
= 𝒖𝟐𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒕𝟐𝒔𝒐𝒄 𝒖𝟐𝒔𝒐𝒄 𝟎+ 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒖 𝒅 𝒖 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 𝒖𝒅𝒖𝟐 𝟐𝒔𝒐𝒄 𝟎+ 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒕 𝒖𝒅𝒖𝟐𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒖𝟐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝟎
𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟒𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐 𝟐𝒕 𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒕
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 + + 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒕 = +
𝟐 𝟖 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
−𝟏
𝒔𝟐 𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒕
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐: 𝑳 = +
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒)𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
𝑬𝑱𝑬𝑹𝑪𝑰𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑺
𝑯𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒍𝒂 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑳𝒂𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆
−1
2𝑠 + 3
1. 𝐿
𝑠2 + 9
−1
6𝑠
2. 𝐿
𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 − 6
2𝑠 2 + 5𝑠 − 4
3. 𝐿−1
𝑠 3 + 𝑠 2 − 2𝑠
−1
𝑠+1
4. 𝐿
9𝑠 2 + 6𝑠 + 5
𝑠2 − 3
5. 𝐿−1
(𝑠 − 2)(𝑠 − 3)(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 5)
−1
1
6. 𝐿
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 2 + 1)
