for76042_ch05.

fm Page 154 Thursday, February 12, 2009 5:15 PM

154 PART 2 NETWORK LAYER

❑ The address in classless addressing is also divided into two parts: the prefix and the suf-
fix. The prefix plays the same role as the netid; the suffix plays the same role as the hos-
tid. All addresses in the block have the same prefix; each address has a different suffix.
❑ Some of the blocks in IPv4 are reserved for special purposes. In addition, some
addresses in a block are traditionally used for special addresses. These addresses
are not assigned to any host.
❑ To improve the distribution of addresses, NAT technology has been created to
allow the separation of private addresses in a network from the global addresses
used in the Internet. A translation table can translate the private addresses, selected
from the blocks allocated for this purpose, to global addresses. The translation
table also translates the IP addresses as well as the port number for mapping from
the private to global addresses and vice versa.

5.9 PRACTICE SET

Exercises
1. What is the address space in each of the following systems?
a. a system with 8-bit addresses
b. a system with 16-bit addresses
c. a system with 64-bit addresses
2. An address space has a total of 1,024 addresses. How many bits are needed to
represent an address?
3. An address space uses three symbols: 0, 1, and 2 to represent addresses. If each
address is made of 10 symbols, how many addresses are available in this
system?
4. Change the following IP addresses from dotted-decimal notation to binary
notation:
a. 114.34.2.8
b. 129.14.6.8
c. 208.34.54.12
d. 238.34.2.1
5. Change the following IP addresses from dotted-decimal notation to hexadecimal
notation:
a. 114.34.2.8
b. 129.14.6.8
c. 208.34.54.12
d. 238.34.2.1
6. Change the following IP addresses from hexadecimal notation to binary
notation:
a. 0x1347FEAB
b. 0xAB234102
for76042_ch05.fm Page 155 Thursday, February 12, 2009 5:15 PM

CHAPTER 5 IPV4 ADDRESSES 155

c. 0x0123A2BE
d. 0x00001111
7. How many hexadecimal digits are needed to define the netid in each of the follow-
ing classes?
a. Class A
b. Class B
c. Class C
8. Change the following IP addresses from binary notation to dotted-decimal
notation:
a. 01111111 11110000 01100111 01111101
b. 10101111 11000000 11111000 00011101
c. 11011111 10110000 00011111 01011101
d. 11101111 11110111 11000111 00011101
9. Find the class of the following IP addresses:
a. 208.34.54.12
b. 238.34.2.1
c. 242.34.2.8
d. 129.14.6.8
10. Find the class of the following IP addresses:
a. 11110111 11110011 10000111 11011101
b. 10101111 11000000 11110000 00011101
c. 11011111 10110000 00011111 01011101
d. 11101111 11110111 11000111 00011101
11. Find the netid and the hostid of the following IP addresses:
a. 114.34.2.8
b. 132.56.8.6
c. 208.34.54.12
d. 251.34.98.5
12. Find the number of addresses in the range if the first address is 14.7.24.0 and the
last address is 14.14.34.255.
13. If the first address in a range is 122.12.7.0 and there are 2048 addresses in the
range, what is the last address?
14. Find the result of each operation:
a. NOT (22.14.70.34)
b. NOT (145.36.12.20)
c. NOT (200.7.2.0)
d. NOT (11.20.255.255)
15. Find the result of each operation:
a. (22.14.70.34) AND (255.255.0.0)
b. (12.11.60.12) AND (255.0.0.0)
for76042_ch05.fm Page 156 Monday, February 23, 2009 3:11 PM

156 PART 2 NETWORK LAYER

c. (14.110.160.12) AND (255.200.140.0)

d. (28.14.40.100) AND (255.128.100.0)
16. Find the result of each operation:
a. (22.14.70.34) OR (255.255.0.0)
b. (12.11.60.12) OR (255.0.0.0)
c. (14.110.160.12) OR (255.200.140.0)
d. (28.14.40.100) OR (255.128.100.0)
17. In a class A subnet, we know the IP address of one of the hosts and the subnet
mask as given below:

IP Address: 25.34.12.56 Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0

What is the first address (subnet address)? What is the last address?
18. In a class B subnet, we know the IP address of one of the hosts and the subnet
mask as given below:

IP Address: 131.134.112.66 Subnet mask: 255.255.224.0

What is the first address (subnet address)? What is the last address?
19. In a class C subnet, we know the IP address of one of the hosts and the subnet
mask as given below:

IP Address: 202.44.82.16 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.192

What is the first address (subnet address)? What is the last address?
20. Find the subnet mask in each case:
a. 1024 subnets in class A
b. 256 subnets in class B
c. 32 subnets in class C
d. 4 subnets in class C
21. In a block of addresses, we know the IP address of one host is 25.34.12.56/16.
What is the first address (network address) and the last address (limited broadcast
address) in this block?
22. In a block of addresses, we know the IP address of one host is 182.44.82.16/26.
What is the first address (network address) and the last address (limited broadcast
address) in this block?
23. In fixed-length subnetting, find the number of 1s that must be added to the mask if
the number of desired subnets is _______.
a. 2
b. 62
c. 122
d. 250
for76042_ch05.fm Page 157 Thursday, February 12, 2009 5:15 PM

CHAPTER 5 IPV4 ADDRESSES 157

24. An organization is granted the block 16.0.0.0/8. The administrator wants to create
500 fixed-length subnets.
a. Find the subnet mask.
b. Find the number of addresses in each subnet.
c. Find the first and the last address in the first subnet.
d. Find the first and the last address in the last subnet (subnet 500).
25. An organization is granted the block 130.56.0.0/16. The administrator wants to
create 1024 subnets.
a. Find the subnet mask.
b. Find the number of addresses in each subnet.
c. Find the first and the last address in the first subnet.
d. Find the first and the last address in the last subnet (subnet 1024).
26. An organization is granted the block 211.17.180.0/24. The administrator wants to
create 32 subnets.
a. Find the subnet mask.
b. Find the number of addresses in each subnet.
c. Find the first and the last address in the first subnet.
d. Find the first and the last address in the last subnet (subnet 32).
27. Write the following mask in slash notation (/n):
a. 255.255.255.0
b. 255.0.0.0
c. 255.255.224.0
d. 255.255.240.0
28. Find the range of addresses in the following blocks:
a. 123.56.77.32/29
b. 200.17.21.128/27
c. 17.34.16.0/23
d. 180.34.64.64/30
29. In classless addressing, we know the first and the last address in the block. Can we
find the prefix length? If the answer is yes, show the process and give an example.
30. In classless addressing, we know the first address and the number of addresses in
the block. Can we find the prefix length? If the answer is yes, show the process and
give an example.
31. In classless addressing, can two blocks have the same prefix length? Explain.
32. In classless addressing, we know the first address and one of the addresses in
the block (not necessarily the last address). Can we find the prefix length?
Explain.
33. An ISP is granted a block of addresses starting with 150.80.0.0/16. The ISP wants
to distribute these blocks to 2600 customers as follows:
a. The first group has 200 medium-size businesses; each needs approximately
128 addresses.
for76042_ch05.fm Page 158 Thursday, February 12, 2009 5:15 PM

158 PART 2 NETWORK LAYER

b. The second group has 400 small businesses; each needs approximately
16 addresses.
c. The third group has 2000 households; each needs 4 addresses.
Design the subblocks and give the slash notation for each subblock. Find out how
many addresses are still available after these allocations.
34. An ISP is granted a block of addresses starting with 120.60.4.0/20. The ISP wants
to distribute these blocks to 100 organizations with each organization receiving
8 addresses only. Design the subblocks and give the slash notation for each subblock.
Find out how many addresses are still available after these allocations.
35. An ISP has a block of 1024 addresses. It needs to divide the addresses to 1024 cus-
tomers. Does it need subnetting? Explain your answer.