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EPM212 Lab

The document is a lab report for an electrical circuits course that examines the behavior of R-L and R-C circuits over time. It includes: 1) Objectives to study the behavior of R-L and R-C circuits for all times after switching and solve differential equations describing the circuits. 2) Theoretical background on transients that occur due to circuit changes treated as switching operations. 3) Analysis of the forced and natural response for R-L and R-C circuits subjected to DC voltage, determining the current/voltage behavior over time.

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Hossam M.A.
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24 views

EPM212 Lab

The document is a lab report for an electrical circuits course that examines the behavior of R-L and R-C circuits over time. It includes: 1) Objectives to study the behavior of R-L and R-C circuits for all times after switching and solve differential equations describing the circuits. 2) Theoretical background on transients that occur due to circuit changes treated as switching operations. 3) Analysis of the forced and natural response for R-L and R-C circuits subjected to DC voltage, determining the current/voltage behavior over time.

Uploaded by

Hossam M.A.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ain Shams University

Faculty of Engineering

LAB REPORT

Department of Electrical Power & Machines


Course Title: Electric Circuits ( )

Course Code: EPM 1

Experiment No.1

Experiment Name:

Submitted By:
Name: Hossam Mohamed Ali Mahmoud Abdou
ID: 2000007
Section( )

Experiment Date:

/10/202

Submission Date:

/1 /202
Objective
• To study the complete behavior of (R-L, and R-C) circuits for all time, including
the behavior during the first five-time constants after the switching process.
• To solve differential equations describing the circuit operation.
• To calculate the time constant for such circuit.

Apparatus

• MATLAB/Simulink Modeling Software


Theoretical Background

In electric network, it often happens that a branch is added or removed or a short


circuit occurs or some circuit parameters are changed suddenly. In any of these cases,
a transient occurs due to redistribution of energies. In the analysis, circuit changes
are treated as switching operations.

3.1 Forced and source free response of an R - L circuit subjected to


DC voltage

Consider the circuit shown in Figure (1).

1
3.1.1 Forced response
Consider the switch (SW) is opened at t = 0. The total current through the circuit
at the instant of switching is zero (i.e. i(0) = 0). The differential equation describing
this operation can be written as:
= ( + )+

( ) = + ( )

where i(t) is the total current following in the circuit, Is is the steady state current
and it(t) is the transient state current.
The solution of the above differential equation for current is given by:

( )= (1 )
( + )

where is the time constant of the circuit and it is given by:

=
( + ) It is clear that at : = =
( )

3.1.2 Free response


A steady state current Is is flowing through the coil before closing the switch.
Assume that the switch (SW) is closed at instant t = 0. The differential equation
describing the circuit is given by:

+ ( )=0

Then, the solution for current, shown in Figure (3), is given by:

( )=( )
( + )

where is the new time constant of the circuit.

2
3.2 Forced and source free response of an R - C circuit subjected to
DC voltage

3.2.1 Forced response


Opening the switch (SW) of Figure (5) at time t = 0, the voltage across the capacitor
is given by:
( ) = (1 )

where 0)*C is the time constant of the circuit.

3.2.2 Free response


The switch (SW) of Figure (5) is closed at time t = 0 (after a steady state is reached).
Then, the voltage across the capacitor is given by:
( )=

where is the time constant of the R-C branch. The voltage waveform will
take the shape shown in Figure (3). In case the switch (SW) is opened and closed
periodically before a steady state is reached in the circuit the voltage across the
capacitor will take the shape shown in Figure (4).

4
RL Circuit & All Wave Forms

5
RL Circuits & Current Wave Forms

Fig.(1) Varying resistance between 50 & 20 and constant inductance of 0.01 H

6
Fig.(2) Constant resistance of 50 and varying inductance between 0.01 & 0.05 H

In Fig.(1) it’s evident that changing the resistance changes the


current flow inversely, where as the resistance decreases the
current increases and the time constant increases as well.

In Fig.(2) it’s evident that changing the inductance changes the


time constant, where increasing inductance cause it to need more
time to store energy.

In RL Circuit:

7
RC Circuit & All Wave Forms

8
RC Circuits & Voltage Wave Forms

Fig.(3) Varying resistance between 50 & 20 and constant capacitance of 6e-6 F

9
Fig.(4) Constant resistance of 50 and varying inductance between 6e-6 & 1e-6 F

In Fig.(3) it’s evident that changing the resistance changes the time
it takes to charge the capacitor, as it increases the charge time also
increases.

In Fig.(4) it’s evident that changing the capacitance changes how


fast it stores energy where it takes longer as the capacitance
increases.

In RC Circuit:

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