NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

A Bell Curve
 What are some examples of things
that follow a Normal Distribution?
• Heights of people
• Size of things produced by machines
• Errors in measurements
• Blood Pressure
• Test Scores
 Normal Distribution Curve
• mean=median=mode
• Symmetry about the center
• 50% of the values less than the mean and 50%
greater than the mean
 68% of values
are within 1
standard
deviation of the
The Standard mean

Deviation :
95% of values
are within 2
is a measure standard
deviations of
of how the mean

spread out
numbers are. 99.7% of values
are within 3
standard
deviations of
the mean
 Why do we need to know Standard
Deviation?
• Any value is
– likely to be within 1 standard
deviation of the mean
–very likely to be within 2 standard
deviations
–almost certainly within 3 standard
deviations
LET’S RECAP!
 The properties of a normal distribution:
• It is a bell-shaped curve.
• It is symmetrical about the mean, μ. (The mean, the mode and the
median all have the same value).
• The total area under the curve is 1 (or 100%).
• 50% of the area is to the left of the mean, and 50% to the right.

50% 50%

μ
 The properties of a normal distribution:
• It is a bell-shaped curve.
• It is symmetrical about the mean, μ. (The mean, the mode and the median all have
the same value).
• The total area under the curve is 1 (or 100%).
• 50% of the area is to the left of the mean, and 50% to the right.
• Approximately 68% of the area is within 1 standard deviation, σ, of the mean.

68%

σ σ
μ-σ μ μ+σ
 The properties of a normal distribution:
• It is a bell-shaped curve.
• It is symmetrical about the mean, μ. (The mean, the mode and the median all have the same value).
• The total area under the curve is 1 (or 100%).
• 50% of the area is to the left of the mean, and 50% to the right.
• Approximately 68% of the area is within 1 standard deviation, σ, of the mean.
• Approximately 95% of the area is within 2 standard deviations of the mean.

95%

σ σ σ σ
μ - 2σ μ - σ μ μ + σ μ + 2σ
 The properties of a normal distribution:
• It is a bell-shaped curve.
• It is symmetrical about the mean, μ. (The mean, the mode and the median all have the same value).
• The total area under the curve is 1 (or 100%).
• 50% of the area is to the left of the mean, and 50% to the right.
• Approximately 68% of the area is within 1 standard deviation, σ, of the mean.
• Approximately 95% of the area is within 2 standard deviations of the mean.
• Approximately 99% of the area is within 3 standard deviations of the mean.

99%

σ σ σ σ σ σ
μ - 3σ μ - 2σ μ - σ μ μ + σ μ + 2σ μ + 3σ
 LC: converts a normal random variable to a standard normal variable and vice versa

z-score

• z-score measures how many standard

deviations a particular value is above or
below the mean.
• z-score identifies and describes the exact
location of every score in a distribution
 LC: identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard values

Areas under the Normal Curve

➢ Find the area to the right of

Z=0
➢Find P(Z ≥ 0) can be read as
“ Find the probability that z
will take the values greater
than or equal to zero”
 LC: identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard values

Areas under the Normal Curve

➢ Find the area to the left of Z = 0

➢Find P(Z ≤ 0) can be read as “ Find
the probability that z will take the
values less than or equal to zero”
 LC: identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard values

Areas under the Normal Curve

➢ Find the area from z = -2.41 to z
=1.98
➢Find P(-2.41 ≤ Z ≤ 1.98) can be read
as “ Find the probability that z will
take the values greater than or
equal to -2.41 but less than or
equal to 1.98”
Find the area from z = -2.41 to z =1.98
• A1 = z = -2.41 is 0.0080 or z = 2.41 = 0.4920
• A2 = Z = 1.98 is 0.4761
• At = A1 + A2 = 0.4920 + 0.4761 = 0.9681
 LC: identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard values

Work in pairs:
1. Find the area from z = 0 to z = -2.3
2. Find P(-2 ≤ Z ≤ 2.5)
3. Find P(z ≥ -2.43)
4. Find the area to the left of z = - 1.53
5. Find P(0.5 < z < 2.5)
 LC: identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard values

STANDARD SCORE OR Z SCORE

The DG Company has 100 branches nationwide.
The annual profit of DG Company is normally
distributed with a mean of P73 million a year
and a standard deviation of P3.25 million.
a. Find the z – score pertaining to the number
of branches having a sales of P80 million.
b. What percentage of its branches have a profit
of P73 million to P80 million?
 LC: identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard values

Solution
a. It is given that 𝜇 = 73, 𝑥 = 80 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 = 3.25.
To get the equivalent z – score, we have:
𝑥−𝜇 80−73 7
𝑧= = = = 2.15
𝜎 3.25 3.25
b. Locate z = 2.15 in the z – table to get the
corresponding area from z = 0 (for 𝜇 = 73) to z =
2.15 (for x = 80).
z = 2.15 = 0.4842 (100) = 48.42%
 LC: identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard values

TRY THIS
Fifty job applicants took an IQ test and
their scores are normally distributed
with a mean of 100. How many
applicants obtained a score between
74 and 126 if the standard deviation of
their scores is 20?
 LC: identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard values

Solution
It is given that 𝜇 = 100, x1 = 126, x2 = 74
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 = 20.
To get the equivalent z – score of x1 = 126 , we have:
𝑥1−𝜇 126−100 26
𝑧1 = 𝜎
= 20
= 20
= 1.3
For the equivalent z – score of x2 = 74, we obtain:
𝑥2 − 𝜇 74 − 100 −26
𝑧2 = = = = −1.3
𝜎 20 20
From the z – table, we see that they are both equal to
0.4032 or 40.32%. Thus, the total required area is
0.4032 + 0.4032 = 0.8064 or 80.64%
Hence, the number of applicants who obtained a score
between 74 to 126 is 40.32 ≈ 40 applicants.
 LC: identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard values

SOLVING FOR THE RAW SCORE

GIVEN THE AREA UNDER THE
NORMAL CURVE
From the formula

Then x = 𝑧 𝜃 + 𝜇
 LC: identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard values

1. Given that 𝜇 = 60, 𝜎 = 9, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴 =

0.3944, find x if the given area
under the normal curve is to the
left of the mean.
Solution:
z = - 1.25
X = - 1.25(9) +60
= 48.75
 LC: identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard values

2. Find z and x when 𝜇 = 60, 𝜎 = 9

and the area is equal to 85.54%.
Solution:
z = 1.06
X = 1.06(9) +60
= 69.54
Thank
you!